ner.txt

All O
live O
births O
> O
or O
= O
23 O
weeks O
at O
the O
University O
of O
Vermont O
in O
1995 O
( O
n O
= O
2395 O
) O
were O
retrospectively O
analyzed O
for O
delivery O
route O
, O
indication O
for O
cesarean O
, O
gestational O
age O
, O
parity O
, O
and O
practice O
group O
( O
to O
reflect O
risk O
status O
) O

The O
total O
cesarean O
rate O
was O
14.4 O
% O
( O
344 O
of O
2395 O
) O
, O
and O
the O
primary O
rate O
was O
11.4 O
% O
( O
244 O
of O
2144 O
) O

Abnormal O
presentation O
was O
the O
most O
common O
indication O
( O
25.6 O
% O
, O
88 O
of O
344 O
) O

The O
`` O
corrected O
'' O
cesarean O
rate O
( O
maternal-fetal O
medicine O
and O
transported O
patients O
excluded O
) O
was O
12.4 O
% O
( O
273 O
of O
2194 O
) O
, O
and O
the O
`` O
corrected O
'' O
primary O
rate O
was O
9.6 O
% O
( O
190 O
of O
1975 O
) O

Furthermore O
, O
when O
all O
deliveries O
were O
analyzed O
, O
regardless O
of O
risk O
status O
but O
limited O
to O
gestational O
age O
> O
or O
= O
36 O
weeks O
, O
the O
rates O
did O
not O
change O
( O
12.6 O
% O
, O
280 O
of O
2214 O
; O
primary O
9.2 O
% O
, O
183 O
of O
1994 O
) O

Arrest O
of O
dilation O
was O
the O
most O
common O
indication O
in O
both O
`` O
corrected O
'' O
subgroups O
( O
23.4 O
and O
24.6 O
% O
, O
respectively O
) O

Cesarean O
rates O
at O
tertiary O
care O
hospitals O
should O
be O
compared O
with O
rates O
at O
community O
hospitals O
only O
after O
correcting O
for O
dissimilar O
patient O
groups O
or O
gestational O
age O

In O
the O
third O
trimester O
, O
the O
amniotic O
fluid O
index O
( O
AFI O
) O
may O
be O
affected O
by O
maternal O
fluid O
status O

As O
the O
ambient O
temperature O
increases O
, O
there O
is O
an O
increase O
in O
insensible O
fluid O
loss O
and O
the O
potential O
for O
dehydration O

We O
hypothesize O
that O
as O
temperature O
increases O
there O
would O
be O
a O
concomitant O
decrease O
in O
AFI O

From O
June O
11 O
to O
August O
16 O
, O
1993 O
, O
during O
a O
period O
of O
unusual O
high O
heat O
, O
42 O
women O
with O
singleton O
pregnancies O
between O
27 O
and O
40 O
weeks O
' O
gestation O
undergoing O
serial O
antenatal O
testing O
had O
AFI O
determinations O
recorded O
at O
least O
weekly O

The O
daily O
high O
ambient O
temperature O
in O
our O
urban O
area O
was O
subsequently O
obtained O

A O
2- O
, O
3- O
, O
and O
4-day O
mean O
temperature O
prior O
to O
the O
test O
date O
was O
compared O
to O
AFI O
using O
a O
Spearman-rank O
Correlation O

The O
daily O
high O
temperature O
ranged O
from O
71 O
to O
104 O
degrees O
F O
and O
AFI O
values O
ranged O
from O
1.7 O
to O
24.7 O
cm O
during O
the O
study O
period O

There O
was O
a O
significant O
correlation O
between O
the O
2- O
, O
3- O
, O
and O
4-day O
mean O
temperature O
and O
AFI O
, O
with O
the O
4-day O
mean O
being O
the O
most O
significant O
( O
r O
= O
0.31 O
, O
p O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.001 O
) O

Fluctuations O
in O
ambient O
temperature O
are O
inversely O
correlated O
to O
changes O
in O
AFI O

This O
relationship O
should O
be O
taken O
into O
account O
when O
interpreting O
the O
AFI O
as O
a O
measure O
of O
fetal O
well-being O

This O
study O
tested O
the O
hypothesis O
that O
to O
reduce O
the O
rate O
of O
macrosomic O
infants O
in O
gestational O
diabetes O
cases O
, O
good O
glycemic O
control O
should O
be O
initiated O
before O
34 O
completed O
gestational O
weeks O

The O
study O
population O
included O
84 O
women O
with O
gestational D
diabetes D
, O
ascertained O
by O
universal O
screening O
of O
all O
women O
attending O
the O
antenatal O
clinic O
of O
the O
Hadassah O
Medical O
Center O
, O
over O
a O
2-year O
period O

The O
60 O
women O
( O
71 O
% O
) O
, O
who O
initiated O
treatment O
before O
34 O
completed O
weeks O
, O
composed O
the O
`` O
early O
'' O
group O

The O
24 O
women O
( O
29 O
% O
) O
, O
who O
initiated O
treatment O
after O
the O
34th O
week O
, O
composed O
the O
`` O
late O
'' O
group O

All O
patients O
were O
managed O
by O
an O
intensified O
protocol O
, O
including O
stringent O
glycemic T
control T

In O
the O
`` O
early O
'' O
and O
`` O
late O
'' O
groups O
, O
mean O
gestational O
age O
at O
the O
beginning O
of O
treatment O
was O
30.0 O
+/- O
3.8 O
and O
36.2 O
+/- O
1.2 O
weeks O
, O
and O
duration O
of O
treatment O
was O
9.6 O
+/- O
4.1 O
and O
3.7 O
+/- O
1.8 O
weeks O
, O
respectively O

Maternal O
characteristics O
were O
similar O
in O
the O
two O
groups O

The O
rate O
of O
macrosomic O
and O
large-for-gestational-age O
infants O
were O
5 O
and O
11 O
% O
, O
respectively O
, O
in O
the O
early O
group O
as O
compared O
to O
25 O
and O
29 O
% O
in O
the O
`` O
late O
'' O
group O
( O
p O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
) O

No O
significant O
differences O
were O
found O
between O
the O
two O
groups O
in O
the O
mode O
of O
delivery O
or O
Apgar O
scores O

We O
conclude O
that O
to O
reduce O
the O
rate O
of O
macrosomic D
infants D
in D
gestational D
diabetes D
cases D
, O
good T
glycemic T
control T
should O
be O
initiated O
before O
34 O
completed O
gestational O
weeks O

Our O
aim O
was O
to O
investigate O
the O
contribution O
of O
certain O
antenatally O
detectable O
markers O
leading O
to O
the O
diagnosis O
of O
trisomic O
fetuses O
we O
observed O
over O
a O
period O
of O
6 O
years O

In O
our O
study O
, O
we O
specifically O
analyzed O
the O
role O
played O
by O
advanced O
maternal O
age O
and O
sonographically O
discovered O
abnormalities O
in O
the O
detection O
of O
autosomal D
trisomies D

All O
together O
, O
27 O
fetuses O
had O
this O
disorder O
, O
representing O
28.7 O
% O
( O
27 O
of O
94 O
) O
of O
all O
cytogenetic D
aberrations D
detected O
at O
our O
center O
over O
the O
same O
period O

Down D
syndrome D
( O
12 O
cases O
) O
and O
Edward D
syndrome D
( O
11 O
cases O
) O
were O
the O
most O
common O
trisomies D
, O
while O
4 O
cases O
of O
Patau D
syndrome D
were O
also O
diagnosed O

The O
most O
common O
indication O
leading O
to O
diagnosis O
was O
abnormal O
ultrasound O
finding O
( O
48.2 O
% O
) O
, O
followed O
by O
advanced O
maternal O
age O
( O
44.4 O
% O
) O

However O
, O
63 O
% O
of O
the O
trisomic O
fetuses O
belonged O
to O
mothers O
aged O
35 O
years O
and O
above O

Down D
syndrome D
fetuses O
( O
41.7 O
% O
) O
had O
prenatally O
detected O
sonographic O
anomalies O
, O
63.6 O
% O
for O
Edward D
syndrome D
, O
and O
all O
fetuses O
with O
Patau D
syndrome D
( O
4 O
of O
4 O
) O
showed O
abnormal O
sonographic O
signs O

Trisomy D
21 D
presented O
with O
the O
following O
features O
: O
hydramnios O
, O
complex O
malformations O
, O
pyelectasis D
, O
and O
duodenal D
atresia D

Trisomy D
18 D
fetuses O
showed O
hydramnios O
, O
intrauterine O
growth O
retardation O
, O
microcephaly D
, O
spina D
bifida D
, O
and O
nonimmune D
hydrops D
fetalis D

Signs O
observed O
in O
fetuses O
with O
trisomy D
13 D
were O
: O
hydrocephalus O
, O
intrauterine O
growth O
retardation O
, O
oligoanhydramnios O
, O
complex O
malformations O
, O
severe O
fetal O
bradycardia D
and O
hydronephrosis D

The O
objective O
of O
this O
study O
was O
to O
determine O
if O
the O
rate O
of O
preeclampsia D
is O
increased O
in O
triplet O
as O
compared O
to O
twin O
gestations O

Fifty-three O
triplet O
pregnancies O
between O
1986 O
and O
1993 O
at O
The O
New O
York O
Hospital-Cornell O
Medical O
Center O
were O
reviewed O

These O
were O
matched O
for O
maternal O
age O
, O
parity O
, O
and O
race O
to O
twin O
gestations O
( O
N O
= O
53 O
) O
from O
the O
same O
population O

Severe O
preeclampsia D
was O
defined O
by O
standard O
criteria O

Student O
's O
t-test O
, O
Fisher O
exact O
test O
, O
and O
Chi-square O
were O
used O
for O
statistical O
analysis O

The O
rate O
of O
severe O
preeclampsia D
was O
increased O
significantly O
in O
the O
triplet O
group O
12 O
of O
53 O
( O
22.6 O
% O
) O
as O
compared O
with O
the O
twin O
group O
3 O
of O
53 O
( O
5.7 O
% O
) O
( O
OR O
= O
4.9 O
, O
95 O
% O
CI O
1.2-23.5 O
, O
p O
= O
0.02 O
) O

The O
rate O
of O
overall O
preeclampsia D
was O
not O
significantly O
different O
in O
the O
triplet O
18 O
of O
53 O
( O
33.96 O
% O
) O
or O
twin O
12 O
of O
53 O
( O
22.6 O
% O
) O
groups O

In O
this O
retrospective O
, O
case-controlled O
study O
, O
the O
rate O
of O
severe O
pre-eclampsia D
was O
significantly O
increased O
in O
triplet O
gestations O
as O
compared O
to O
twins O
although O
the O
overall O
rate O
of O
preeclampsia D
was O
not O

This O
information O
may O
be O
useful O
in O
counseling O
patients O
with O
high O
order O
multifetal O
gestations O

We O
conducted O
a O
survey O
and O
audit O
of O
thermal O
equipment O
use O
in O
very O
low-birth-weight O
infants O
in O
five O
Ohio O
neonatal O
intensive O
care O
units O
( O
NICUs O
) O
to O
document O
regional O
practice O

The O
survey O
indicated O
a O
variety O
of O
thermal O
care O
styles O

Two O
NICUs O
preferred O
to O
admit O
infants O
to O
incubators O
, O
the O
other O
three O
favoring O
radiant O
warmers O

These O
three O
NICUs O
moved O
infants O
from O
radiant O
warmers O
into O
incubators O
at O
significantly O
different O
mean O
ages O

The O
audit O
demonstrated O
inconsistent O
use O
of O
plastic O
covers O
, O
warming O
mattresses O
, O
and O
added O
humidity O
under O
radiant O
warmers O
, O
and O
discrepancies O
between O
survey O
responses O
and O
actual O
use O
within O
NICUs O

Inter-NICU O
variability O
of O
thermal O
equipment O
use O
may O
complicate O
fluid O
management O

This O
report O
describes O
a O
full-term O
newborn O
with O
massive D
fetomaternal D
hemorrhage D

Fetal O
movements O
were O
decreased O
48 O
hr O
prior O
to O
delivery O

On O
the O
day O
of O
delivery O
, O
they O
were O
absent O

The O
nonstress O
test O
was O
abnormal O
with O
low O
biophysical O
profile O
and O
decreased O
beat-to-beat O
variability O

The O
infant O
presented O
with O
extreme O
pallor O
, O
hypotonia D
, O
hepatosplenomegaly D
, O
and O
ascites D

The O
initial O
hemoglobin O
was O
2.2 O
g/dL O
, O
the O
Kleihauer-Betke O
stain O
was O
27.6 O
% O
( O
highest O
level O
ever O
reported O
) O

Right O
temporal O
and O
cerebellar O
hemorrhages O
were O
present O

Sequelae O
include O
severe O
developmental O
delay O
and O
asymmetric O
double O
hemiplegia D

Omphalocele-Exstrophy-Imperforate D
anus-Spinal D
defects D
( D
OEIS D
complex D
) D
, O
a O
combination O
of O
omphalocele D
, O
exstrophy D
of D
the D
bladder D
, O
an O
imperforate O
anus O
and O
spinal D
defects D
, O
arises O
from O
a O
single O
localized O
defect O
in O
the O
early O
development O
of O
the O
mesoderm O
that O
will O
later O
contribute O
to O
infraumbilical O
mesenchyme O
, O
cloacal O
septum O
, O
and O
caudal O
vertebrae O

In O
this O
report O
, O
we O
document O
the O
perinatal O
features O
of O
two O
cases O
of O
OEIS D
complex D
associated O
with O
meningomyeloceles D
and O
severe O
lower O
limb O
defects O
, O
and O
discuss O
the O
prenatal O
diagnosis O
, O
inheritance O
, O
and O
differential O
diagnosis O
of O
this O
association O
of O
malformations O

Although O
long-term O
survival O
can O
be O
achieved O
by O
successful O
corrective T
surgery T
, O
the O
associated O
structural O
defects O
such O
as O
large D
meningomyelocele D
and O
severe O
limb D
aplasia D
or O
hypoplasia D
, O
as O
seen O
in O
our O
patient O
, O
can O
influence O
the O
patient O
's O
quality O
of O
life O
. O

We O
would O
like O
to O
emphasize O
that O
an O
accurate O
prenatal O
diagnosis O
of O
OEIS D
complex D
and O
associated O
malformations O
is O
important O
for O
the O
detailed O
counseling O
of O
the O
family O
as O
well O
as O
appropriate O
perinatal O
management O
by O
the O
obstetricians O
, O
pediatric O
surgeons O
, O
urologists O
, O
neurosurgeons O
, O
and O
neonatologists O

Nonimmune D
hydrops D
fetails D
diagnosed O
at O
21 O
weeks O
' O
gestation O
with O
profound O
ascites D
, O
hydrothorax D
, O
and O
pericardial D
effusion D
receded O
gradually O
with O
regression O
of O
a O
subchorial O
placental O
lucencies O
immediately O
below O
the O
umbilical O
cord O
insertion O

Careful O
inspection O
of O
the O
delivered O
placenta O
revealed O
that O
there O
was O
a O
yellowish O
lesion O
of O
fibrin O
deposits O
below O
the O
cord O
insertion O
site O
, O
which O
resulted O
from O
the O
absorption O
of O
hematoma O

A O
subchorial O
placental O
hematoma D
, O
which O
detected O
as O
a O
subchorial O
placental O
lucencies D
by O
ultrasonography O
, O
can O
be O
a O
cause O
of O
reversible O
nonimmune D
hydrops D
fetalis D

The O
mitochondrial D
diseases D
are O
uncommon O
multisystem O
disorders O
characterized O
by O
the O
presence O
of O
functionally O
and/or O
structurally O
abnormal O
mitochondria O

As O
there O
have O
been O
few O
reports O
of O
the O
obstetrical O
care O
of O
affected O
patients O
, O
we O
wish O
to O
document O
two O
pregnancies O
in O
a O
woman O
with O
a O
Chronic D
Progressive D
External D
Ophthalmoplegia D
( D
Kearns-Sayre-like D
syndrome D
) D

Both O
pregnancies O
were O
complicated O
by O
preterm O
labor O
and O
hypertension D

CONTEXT O
: O
Four O
genetic O
loci O
have O
been O
identified O
as O
contributing O
to O
Alzheimer D
disease D
( D
AD D
) D
, O
including O
the O
amyloid O
precursor O
protein O
gene O
, O
the O
presenilin O
1 O
gene O
, O
the O
presenilin O
2 O
gene O
, O
and O
the O
apolipoprotein O
E O
gene O
, O
but O
do O
not O
account O
for O
all O
the O
genetic O
risk O
for O
AD O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
identify O
additional O
genetic O
risk O
factors O
for O
late-onset O
AD O

DESIGN O
: O
A O
complete O
genomic O
screen O
was O
performed O
( O
N=280 O
markers O
) O

Critical O
values O
for O
chromosomal O
regional O
follow-up O
were O
a O
P O
value O
of O
.05 O
or O
less O
for O
affected O
relative O
pair O
analysis O
or O
sibpair O
analysis O
, O
a O
parametric O
lod O
score O
of O
1.0 O
or O
greater O
, O
or O
both O

Regional O
follow-up O
included O
analysis O
of O
additional O
markers O
and O
a O
second O
data O
set O

SETTING O
: O
Clinic O
populations O
in O
the O
continental O
United O
States O

PATIENTS O
: O
> O
From O
a O
series O
of O
multiplex O
families O
affected O
with O
late-onset O
( O
> O
or O
=60 O
years O
) O
AD O
ascertained O
during O
the O
last O
14 O
years O
( O
National O
Insititute O
of O
Neurological O
Disorders O
and O
Stroke-Alzheimer O
's O
Disease O
and O
Related O
Disorders O
Association O
diagnostic O
criteria O
) O
and O
for O
which O
DNA O
has O
been O
obtained O
, O
a O
subset O
of O
16 O
families O
( O
135 O
total O
family O
members O
, O
52 O
of O
whom O
were O
patients O
with O
AD O
) O
was O
used O
for O
the O
genomic O
screen O

A O
second O
subset O
of O
38 O
families O
( O
216 O
total O
family O
members O
, O
89 O
of O
whom O
were O
patients O
with O
AD O
) O
was O
used O
for O
the O
follow-up O
analysis O

MAIN O
OUTCOME O
MEASURES O
: O
Linkage O
analysis O
results O
generated O
using O
both O
genetic O
model-dependent O
( O
lod O
score O
) O
and O
model-independent O
methods O

RESULTS O
: O
Fifteen O
chromosomal O
regions O
warranted O
initial O
follow-up O

Follow-up O
analyses O
revealed O
4 O
regions O
of O
continued O
interest O
on O
chromosomes O
4 O
, O
6 O
, O
12 O
, O
and O
20 O
, O
with O
the O
strongest O
results O
observed O
forchromosome O
12 O

Peak O
2-point O
affecteds-only O
lod O
scores O
( O
n=54 O
) O
were O
1.3 O
, O
1.6 O
, O
2.7 O
, O
and O
2.2 O
and O
affected O
relative O
pairs O
P O
values O
( O
n=54 O
) O
were O
.04 O
, O
.03 O
, O
.14 O
, O
and O
.04 O
for O
D12S373 O
, O
D12S1057 O
, O
D12S1042 O
, O
and O
D12S390 O
, O
respectively O

Sibpair O
analysis O
( O
n=54 O
) O
resulted O
in O
maximum O
lod O
scores O
( O
MLSs O
) O
of O
1.5 O
, O
2.6 O
, O
3.2 O
, O
and O
2.3 O
for O
these O
markers O
, O
with O
a O
peak O
multipoint O
MLS O
of O
3.5 O

A O
priori O
stratification O
by O
APOE O
genotype O
identified O
27 O
families O
that O
had O
at O
least O
1 O
member O
with O
AD O
whose O
genotype O
did O
not O
contain O
an O
APOE*4 O
allele O

Analysis O
of O
these O
27 O
families O
resulted O
in O
MLSs O
of O
1.0 O
, O
2.4 O
, O
3.7 O
, O
and O
3.3 O
and O
a O
peak O
multipoint O
MLS O
of O
3.9 O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
A O
complete O
genomic O
screen O
in O
families O
affected O
with O
late-onset O
AD O
identified O
4 O
regions O
of O
interest O
after O
follow-up O

Chromosome O
12 O
gave O
the O
strongest O
and O
most O
consistent O
results O
with O
a O
peak O
multipoint O
MLS O
of O
3.5 O
, O
suggesting O
that O
this O
region O
contains O
a O
new O
susceptibility O
gene O
for O
AD O

Additional O
analyses O
are O
necessary O
to O
identify O
the O
chromosome O
12 O
susceptibility O
gene O
for O
AD O
and O
to O
follow O
up O
the O
regions O
of O
interest O
on O
chromosomes O
4 O
, O
6 O
, O
and O
20 O

CONTEXT O
: O
A O
mutation O
in O
the O
BRCA1 O
gene O
may O
confer O
substantial O
risk O
for O
breast O
and/or O
ovarian O
cancer D

However O
, O
knowledge O
regarding O
all O
possible O
mutations O
and O
the O
relationship O
between O
risk O
factors O
and O
mutations O
is O
incomplete O

OBJECTIVES O
: O
To O
identify O
BRCA1 O
mutations O
and O
to O
determine O
factors O
that O
best O
predict O
presence O
of O
a O
deleterious O
BRCA1 O
mutation O
in O
patients O
with O
breast O
and/or O
ovarian O
cancer D

DESIGN O
: O
A O
complete O
sequence O
analysis O
of O
the O
BRCA1 O
coding O
sequence O
and O
flanking O
intronic O
regions O
was O
performed O
in O
798 O
women O
in O
a O
collaborative O
effort O
involving O
institutions O
from O
the O
United O
States O
, O
Italy O
, O
Germany O
, O
Finland O
, O
and O
Switzerland O

PARTICIPANTS O
: O
Institutions O
selected O
798 O
persons O
representing O
families O
( O
1 O
person O
for O
each O
family O
) O
thought O
to O
be O
at O
elevated O
a O
priori O
risk O
of O
BRCA1 O
mutation O
due O
to O
potential O
risk O
factors O
, O
such O
as O
multiple O
cases O
of O
breast D
cancer D
, O
early O
age O
of O
breast D
cancer D
diagnosis O
, O
and O
cases O
of O
ovarian D
cancer D

No O
participant O
was O
from O
a O
family O
in O
which O
genetic O
markers O
showed O
linkage O
to O
the O
BRCA1 O
locus O

MAJOR O
OUTCOME O
MEASURES O
: O
Sequence O
variants O
detected O
in O
this O
sample O
are O
presented O
along O
with O
analyses O
designed O
to O
determine O
predictive O
characteristics O
of O
those O
testing O
positive O
for O
BRCA1 O
mutations O

RESULTS O
: O
In O
102 O
women O
( O
12.8 O
% O
) O
, O
clearly O
deleterious O
mutations O
were O
detected O

Fifty O
new O
genetic O
alterations O
were O
found O
including O
24 O
deleterious O
mutations O
, O
24 O
variants O
of O
unknown O
significance O
, O
and O
2 O
rare O
polymorphisms O

In O
a O
subset O
of O
71 O
Ashkenazi O
Jewish O
women O
, O
only O
2 O
distinct O
deleterious O
mutations O
were O
found O
: O
185delAG O
in O
17 O
cases O
and O
5382insC O
in O
7 O
cases O

A O
bias O
in O
prior O
reports O
for O
mutations O
in O
exon O
11 O
was O
revealed O

Characteristics O
of O
a O
patient O
's O
specific O
diagnosis O
( O
unilateral O
or O
bilateral O
breast D
cancer D
, O
with O
or O
without O
ovarian D
cancer D
) O
, O
early O
age O
at O
diagnosis O
, O
Ashkenazi O
Jewish O
ethnicity O
, O
and O
family O
history O
of O
cancer O
were O
positively O
associated O
with O
the O
probability O
of O
her O
carrying O
a O
deleterious O
BRCA1 O
mutation O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Using O
logistic O
regression O
analysis O
, O
we O
provide O
a O
method O
for O
evaluating O
the O
probability O
of O
a O
woman O
's O
carrying O
a O
deleterious O
BRCA1 O
mutation O
for O
a O
wide O
range O
of O
cases O
, O
which O
can O
be O
an O
important O
tool O
for O
clinicians O
as O
they O
incorporate O
genetic O
susceptibility O
testing O
into O
their O
medical O
practice O

CONTEXT O
: O
Approximately O
9 O
% O
of O
prostate D
cancer D
cases O
have O
been O
estimated O
to O
result O
from O
inheritance O
of O
mutated O
prostate O
cancer O
susceptibility O
genes O

Few O
data O
exist O
as O
to O
whether O
there O
are O
clinical O
differences O
between O
prostate D
cancers D
that O
are O
inherited O
and O
those O
that O
occur O
in O
the O
general O
population O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
investigate O
phenotypic O
characteristics O
of O
families O
potentially O
linked O
to O
the O
hereditary O
prostate O
cancer O
1 O
( O
HPC1 O
) O
locus O
on O
chromosome O
1q24-25 O

DESIGN O
: O
Retrospective O
case O
study O
in O
which O
clinical O
data O
were O
extracted O
from O
medical O
and O
pathological O
records O

FAMILIES O
: O
A O
total O
of O
74 O
North O
American O
families O
with O
hereditary O
prostate D
cancer D

Prostate O
cancer O
cases O
from O
the O
National O
Cancer O
Data O
Base O
were O
used O
as O
a O
reference O
population O
for O
comparison O

MAIN O
OUTCOME O
MEASURES O
: O
The O
families O
were O
divided O
into O
2 O
groups O
: O
either O
potentially O
linked O
( O
33 O
families O
with O
133 O
men O
with O
prostate D
cancer D
) O
, O
and O
thus O
likely O
to O
be O
carrying O
an O
altered O
HPC1 O
gene O
, O
or O
potentially O
unlinked O
( O
41 O
families O
with O
172 O
men O
with O
prostate D
cancer D
) O
, O
on O
the O
basis O
of O
haplotype O
analysis O
in O
the O
region O
of O
HPC1 O

The O
age O
at O
diagnosis O
of O
prostate D
cancer D
, O
serum O
prostate-specific O
antigen O
levels O
, O
digital O
rectal O
examination O
status O
, O
stage O
, O
grade O
, O
primary O
treatment O
of O
prostate D
cancers D
, O
and O
occurrence O
of O
other O
cancers D
were O
compared O
between O
the O
groups O

RESULTS O
: O
The O
mean O
age O
at O
diagnosis O
of O
prostate D
cancer D
for O
men O
in O
potentially O
linked O
families O
was O
significantly O
lower O
than O
for O
men O
in O
potentially O
unlinked O
families O
( O
63.7 O
vs O
65.9 O
years O
, O
respectively O
, O
P=.01 O
; O
mean O
age O
at O
diagnosis O
in O
the O
reference O
population O
was O
71.6 O
years O
) O

Higher-grade O
cancers D
( O
grade O
3 O
) O
were O
more O
common O
in O
potentially O
linked O
families O
, O
and O
advanced-stage O
disease O
was O
found O
in O
41 O
% O
of O
the O
case O
patients O
in O
potentially O
linked O
families O
compared O
with O
31 O
% O
in O
both O
the O
potentially O
unlinked O
families O
and O
the O
reference O
groups O
( O
P=.03 O
for O
the O
latter O
comparison O
) O

In O
the O
other O
clinical O
parameters O
, O
we O
found O
no O
significant O
differences O
between O
the O
groups O

A O
modest O
excess O
of O
breast D
cancer D
and O
colon D
cancer D
was O
found O
in O
potentially O
linked O
families O
in O
comparison O
with O
potentially O
unlinked O
families O
, O
but O
this O
difference O
was O
not O
statistically O
significant O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Families O
that O
provide O
evidence O
for O
segregation O
of O
an O
altered O
HPC1 O
gene O
are O
characterized O
by O
multiple O
cases O
of O
prostate D
cancer D
that O
, O
in O
most O
respects O
, O
are O
indistinguishable O
from O
nonhereditary O
cases O

However O
, O
3 O
characteristics O
were O
observed O
: O
younger O
age O
at O
diagnosis O
, O
higher-grade O
tumors D
, O
and O
more O
advanced-stage O
disease O

Our O
study O
shows O
that O
a O
significant O
fraction O
of O
hereditary O
prostate D
cancers D
are O
diagnosed O
in O
advanced O
stages O
, O
emphasizing O
the O
clinical O
importance O
of O
early O
detection O
in O
men O
potentially O
carrying O
prostate O
cancer O
susceptibility O
genes O

These O
findings O
support O
the O
current O
recommendations O
to O
screen O
men O
with O
a O
positive O
family O
history O
of O
prostate D
cancer D
beginning O
at O
age O
40 O
years O

CONTEXT O
: O
Susceptibility O
to O
multiple D
sclerosis D
( D
MS D
) D
involves O
a O
genetically O
complex O
autoimmune O
component O

However O
, O
except O
for O
genes O
in O
the O
HLA O
system O
, O
specific O
susceptibility O
loci O
are O
unknown O
or O
unconfirmed O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
investigate O
several O
loci O
spanning O
3 O
candidate O
regions O
for O
a O
role O
in O
multiple D
sclerosis D
( D
MS D
) D
susceptibility O
in O
2 O
ethnic O
groups O
using O
both O
single-locus O
and O
haplotype O
analyses O

The O
3 O
regions O
include O
HLA O
on O
chromosome O
6p21.3 O
, O
APOE O
on O
chromosome O
19ql O
3.2 O
, O
and O
MBP O
( O
myelin O
basic O
protein O
) O
on O
chromosome O
18q23 O

DESIGN O
: O
Case-control O
association O
testing O

SUBJECTS O
: O
A O
total O
of O
120 O
Caucasian O
patients O
with O
MS O
and O
107 O
unrelated O
control O
individuals O
from O
California O
, O
and O
32 O
patients O
and O
32 O
unrelated O
control O
individuals O
from O
Beijing O
, O
China O

All O
patients O
with O
MS O
were O
diagnosed O
as O
having O
clinically O
definite O
disease O
according O
to O
published O
criteria O

MAIN O
OUTCOME O
MEASURES O
: O
Chi2 O
Testing O
of O
loci O
and O
individual O
alleles O
and O
haplotypes O

Haplotype O
frequencies O
were O
estimated O
with O
standard O
maximum O
likelihood O
methods O

RESULTS O
: O
The O
HLA O
effect O
is O
due O
to O
the O
class O
II O
DR2 O
haplotype O
, O
DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DRB1*0602 O
; O
contributions O
to O
MS O
susceptibility O
from O
additional O
DRB1-DQB1 O
alleles O
or O
other O
HLA O
region O
loci O
were O
not O
observed O

Variation O
within O
the O
MBP O
locus O
on O
chromosome O
18q23 O
showed O
no O
effect O
in O
MS O

The O
distribution O
of O
haplotypes O
from O
5 O
loci O
within O
the O
chromosome O
19q13.2 O
region O
, O
including O
D19S178 O
, O
D19S574 O
, O
APOE O
, O
APOC2 O
, O
and O
D19S219 O
, O
differed O
between O
patient O
and O
control O
samples O

D19S574 O
showed O
a O
significant O
effect O
( O
P=.015 O
) O
in O
Caucasian O
patients O
with O
MS O
due O
to O
the O
increased O
frequency O
of O
a O
single O
allele O
( O
P=.002 O
) O

The O
APOE O
variation O
, O
prominent O
in O
other O
neurological O
diseases O
, O
showed O
no O
influence O
on O
MS O
susceptibility O
, O
despite O
its O
location O
within O
the O
chromosome O
19q13.2 O
region O

Interaction O
effects O
between O
DR2 O
and O
chromosome O
19q13.2 O
or O
MBP O
in O
MS O
susceptibility O
were O
not O
apparent O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
The O
significant O
chromosome O
19q13.2 O
single-locus O
and O
multilocus O
haplotype O
associations O
with O
MS O
in O
Caucasian O
and O
Chinese O
patient O
samples O
indicate O
an O
effect O
from O
a O
nearby O
disease O
susceptibility O
locus O

These O
initial O
observations O
are O
an O
encouraging O
step O
toward O
the O
description O
of O
non-HLA O
genetic O
susceptibility O
to O
MS O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
CONTEXT O
: O
There O
is O
a O
substantial O
risk O
of O
a O
second O
cancer O
for O
persons O
with O
hereditary O
retinoblastoma O
, O
which O
is O
enhanced O
by O
radiotherapy O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
examine O
long-term O
risk O
of O
new O
primary O
cancers O
in O
survivors O
of O
childhood O
retinoblastoma O
and O
quantify O
the O
role O
of O
radiotherapy O
in O
sarcoma O
development O

DESIGN O
: O
Cohort O
incidence O
study O
of O
patients O
with O
retinoblastoma O
followed O
for O
a O
median O
of O
20 O
years O
, O
and O
nested O
case-control O
study O
of O
a O
radiation O
dose-response O
relationship O
for O
bone O
and O
soft O
tissue O
sarcomas O

SETTING/PARTICIPANTS O
: O
A O
total O
of O
1604 O
patients O
with O
retinoblastoma D
who O
survived O
at O
least O
1 O
year O
after O
diagnosis O
, O
identified O
from O
hospital O
records O
in O
Massachusetts O
and O
New O
York O
during O
1914 O
to O
1984 O

RESULTS O
: O
Incidence O
of O
subsequent O
cancers D
was O
statistically O
significantly O
elevated O
only O
in O
the O
961 O
patients O
with O
hereditary O
retinoblastoma D
, O
in O
whom O
190 O
cancers D
were O
diagnosed O
, O
vs O
6.3 O
expected O
in O
the O
general O
population O
( O
relative O
risk O
( O
RR O
) O
, O
30 O
( O
95 O
% O
confidence O
interval O
, O
26-47 O
) O
) O

Cumulative O
incidence O
( O
+/-SE O
) O
of O
a O
second O
cancer D
at O
50 O
years O
after O
diagnosis O
was O
51.0 O
% O
( O
+/-6.2 O
% O
) O
for O
hereditary O
retinoblastoma D
, O
and O
5.0 O
% O
( O
+/-3.0 O
% O
) O
for O
nonhereditary O
retinoblastoma D

All O
114 O
sarcomas D
of O
diverse O
histologic O
types O
occurred O
in O
patients O
with O
hereditary O
retinoblastoma D

For O
soft O
tissue O
sarcomas D
, O
the O
RRs O
showed O
a O
stepwise O
increase O
at O
all O
dose O
categories O
, O
and O
were O
statistically O
significant O
at O
10 O
to O
29.9 O
Gy O
and O
30 O
to O
59.9 O
Gy O

A O
radiation O
risk O
for O
all O
sarcomas O
combined O
was O
evident O
at O
doses O
above O
5 O
Gy O
, O
rising O
to O
10.7-fold O
at O
doses O
of O
60 O
Gy O
or O
greater O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
.05 O
) O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Genetic O
predisposition O
has O
a O
substantial O
impact O
on O
risk O
of O
subsequent D
cancers D
in O
retinoblastoma D
patients O
, O
which O
is O
further O
increased O
by O
radiation T
treatment T

A O
radiation O
dose-response O
relationship O
is O
demonstrated O
for O
all O
sarcomas O
and O
, O
for O
the O
first O
time O
in O
humans O
, O
for O
soft O
tissue O
sarcomas O

Retinoblastoma D
patients O
should O
be O
examined O
for O
new O
cancers D
and O
followed O
into O
later O
life O
to O
determine O
whether O
their O
extraordinary O
cancer O
risk O
extends O
to O
common O
cancers D
of O
adulthood O

The O
objective O
of O
this O
study O
was O
to O
determine O
the O
rate O
of O
recent O
cocaine O
use O
among O
a O
metropolitan O
population O
of O
predominantly O
Hispanic O
and O
African-American O
women O
with O
preterm O
premature D
rupture D
of D
the D
membranes D
( D
PROM D
) D
and O
to O
ascertain O
the O
impact O
of O
cocaine O
on O
the O
latency O
period O
between O
rupture O
of O
membranes O
and O
delivery O

Urine O
toxicology O
screens O
were O
prospectively O
obtained O
on O
147 O
women O
with O
preterm D
PROM D

The O
urine O
screen O
did O
not O
influence O
management O
decisions O

All O
women O
were O
expectantly O
managed O
without O
tocolytics O
until O
37 O
weeks O
' O
gestation O
unless O
they O
developed O
clinical O
chorioamnionitis O
, O
or O
nonreassuring O
fetal O
heart O
rate O
tracing O
or O
biophysical O
profile O

Demographic O
information O
, O
hours O
from O
rupture O
of O
membranes O
to O
delivery O
, O
gestational O
age O
, O
and O
birth O
weight O
at O
delivery O
were O
compared O
using O
Fisher O
's O
exact O
, O
Mann-Whitney O
U O
, O
and O
randomization O
tests O
where O
appropriate O

The O
rate O
of O
positive O
urine O
drug O
screens O
for O
cocaine O
was O
8.2 O
% O

Women O
in O
the O
cocaine O
positive O
group O
were O
of O
higher O
parity O
( O
3 O
, O
( O
0-7 O
) O
vs. O
1 O
, O
( O
0-6 O
) O
, O
p O
= O
0.001 O
) O
and O
tended O
to O
be O
older O
( O
27 O
, O
( O
23-42 O
) O
vs. O
25 O
, O
( O
14-40 O
) O
) O

There O
was O
a O
higher O
rate O
of O
recent O
cocaine O
use O
among O
African-American O
women O
( O
20.4 O
% O
) O
as O
compared O
to O
non-African-Americans O
( O
1.2 O
% O
, O
p O
= O
0.0001 O
) O

Cocaine-positive O
women O
presented O
at O
an O
earlier O
gestational O
age O
( O
32 O
weeks O
' O
, O
( O
24-34 O
) O
vs. O
33 O
weeks O
' O
, O
( O
23-36 O
) O
, O
p O
= O
0.02 O
) O
and O
had O
a O
significantly O
longer O
membrane O
rupture O
to O
delivery O
interval O
than O
women O
with O
a O
negative O
urine O
drug O
screen O
( O
174 O
hr O
, O
( O
6-475 O
) O
vs. O
33 O
hours O
( O
1-833 O
) O
, O
p O
= O
0.01 O
) O

There O
was O
no O
significant O
difference O
in O
the O
reason O
for O
delivery O
between O
the O
two O
groups O
of O
patients O

Recent O
cocaine O
use O
among O
women O
with O
preterm D
PROM D
is O
common O
in O
only O
some O
segments O
of O
an O
urban O
population O

Women O
with O
recent O
cocaine O
use O
present O
with O
ruptured O
membranes O
at O
an O
earlier O
gestational O
age O
and O
may O
actually O
have O
a O
longer O
latency O
period O
than O
women O
who O
do O
not O
use O
cocaine O

The O
objective O
of O
this O
article O
is O
to O
explore O
attitudes O
of O
an O
inner-city O
, O
pregnant O
cohort O
about O
general O
and O
HIV-related O
prenatal O
care O

Responses O
to O
an O
interview O
at O
initial O
prenatal O
care O
enrollment O
were O
compared O
using O
Chi-square O
and O
Fisher O
's O
exact O
tests O

Of O
75 O
women O
, O
drug O
users O
( O
51 O
% O
) O
were O
more O
likely O
to O
say O
that O
they O
would O
defer O
initiating O
prenatal O
care O
( O
P O
= O
0.03 O
) O
and O
to O
minimize O
the O
risk O
of O
drug O
or O
alcohol O
use O
to O
the O
fetus O
( O
P O
= O
0.04 O
) O

Most O
( O
85 O
% O
) O
viewed O
pregnancy O
as O
inappropriate O
for O
HIV D
infected O
women O
and O
primarily O
drug O
users O
( O
P O
= O
0.06 O
) O
would O
abort O
if O
HIV D
infected O

Over O
half O
thought O
HIV D
transmission O
occurred O
most O
times O
or O
always O

Only O
20 O
% O
had O
heard O
of O
a O
drug O
to O
reduce O
this O
risk O
, O
but O
95 O
% O
would O
take O
such O
a O
therapy O

These O
inner-city O
, O
pregnant O
women O
disapproved O
of O
pregnancy O
if O
HIV D
infected O
and O
thought O
the O
risk O
of O
transmission O
was O
high O

They O
knew O
little O
of O
how O
to O
reduce O
this O
risk O
but O
nearly O
all O
would O
accept O
a O
drug O
to O
prevent O
transmission O

The O
association O
of O
parvovirus D
B19 D
infection D
and O
hydrops D
fetalis D
is O
well O
known O

However O
, O
the O
association O
of O
parvovirus D
and O
fetal O
pleural O
or O
pericardial D
effusions D
has O
not O
been O
reported O

We O
present O
five O
cases O
of O
isolated O
pleural O
or O
pericardial D
effusion D
with O
documented O
maternal O
parvovirus D
infection D
in O
four O
of O
these O
pregnancies O

In O
the O
absence O
of O
structural O
or O
karyotypic O
abnormalities O
, O
spontaneous O
resolution O
of O
the O
effusion O
portends O
for O
a O
successful O
pregnancy O
outcome O

BACKGROUND O
: O
Cochlear T
implantation T
is O
nowadays O
a O
reliable O
and O
well-accepted O
method O
of O
auditory O
rehabilitation O
in O
selected O
adults O
and O
children O

METHODS O
: O
We O
present O
rehabilitation O
data O
on O
21 O
adult O
patients O
provided O
with O
the O
Nucleus O
CI22 O
M O
cochlear O
implant O
using O
the O
SPEAK O
strategy O

RESULTS O
: O
Results O
of O
first O
tune-up O
show O
an O
open O
set O
speech O
understanding O
in O
approximately O
50 O
% O
of O
patients O

Long-term O
results O
also O
reveal O
further O
improvement O
in O
patients O
who O
had O
no O
open O
set O
speech O
understanding O

Our O
data O
seem O
to O
indicate O
similar O
results O
in O
comparison O
to O
other O
groups O
using O
the O
CIS O
strategy O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
In O
adults O
, O
open O
set O
speech O
understanding O
can O
be O
achieved O
even O
at O
the O
first O
tune-up O

Results O
of O
early O
rehabilitation O
seem O
to O
be O
influenced O
by O
duration O
and O
etiology O
of O
deafness D
, O
experience O
with O
hearing O
aids O
, O
and O
other O
factors O

Adverse O
drug O
effects O
are O
manifold O
and O
heterogenous O

Many O
situations O
may O
hamper O
the O
signalling O
( O
i.e O
. O
the O
detection O
of O
early O
warning O
signs O
) O
of O
adverse O
effects O
and O
new O
signals O
often O
differ O
from O
previous O
experiences O

Signals O
have O
qualitative O
and O
quantitative O
aspects O

Different O
categories O
of O
adverse O
effects O
need O
different O
methods O
for O
detection O

Current O
pharmacovigilance O
is O
predominantly O
based O
on O
spontaneous O
reporting O
and O
is O
mainly O
helpful O
in O
detecting O
type O
B O
effects O
( O
those O
effects O
that O
are O
often O
allergic O
or O
idiosyncratic O
reactions O
, O
characteristically O
occurring O
in O
only O
a O
minority O
of O
patients O
and O
usually O
unrelated O
to O
dosage O
and O
that O
are O
serious O
, O
unexpected O
and O
unpredictable O
) O
and O
unusual O
type O
A O
effects O
( O
those O
effects O
that O
are O
related O
to O
the O
pharmacological O
effects O
of O
the O
drug O
and O
are O
dosage-related O
) O

Examples O
of O
other O
sources O
of O
signals O
are O
prescription O
event O
monitoring O
, O
large O
automated O
data O
resources O
on O
morbidity O
and O
drug O
use O
( O
including O
record O
linkage O
) O
, O
case-control O
surveillance O
and O
follow-up O
studies O

Type O
C O
effects O
( O
those O
effects O
related O
to O
an O
increased O
frequency O
of O
'spontaneous O
' O
disease O
) O
are O
difficult O
to O
study O
, O
however O
, O
and O
continue O
to O
pose O
a O
pharmacoepidemiological O
challenge O

Seven O
basic O
considerations O
can O
be O
identified O
that O
determine O
the O
evidence O
contained O
in O
a O
signal O
: O
quantitative O
strength O
of O
the O
association O
, O
consistency O
of O
the O
data O
, O
exposure O
response O
relationship O
, O
biological O
plausibility O
, O
experimental O
findings O
, O
possible O
analogies O
and O
the O
nature O
and O
quality O
of O
the O
data O

A O
proposal O
is O
made O
for O
a O
standard O
signal O
management O
procedure O
at O
pharmacovigilance O
centres O
, O
including O
the O
following O
steps O
: O
signal O
delineation O
, O
literature O
search O
, O
preliminary O
inventory O
of O
data O
, O
collection O
of O
additional O
information O
, O
consultation O
with O
the O
World O
Health O
Organization O
Centre O
for O
International O
Drug O
Monitoring O
and O
the O
relevant O
drug O
companies O
, O
aggregated O
data O
assessment O
and O
a O
report O
in O
writing O

A O
better O
understanding O
of O
the O
conditions O
and O
mechanisms O
involved O
in O
the O
detection O
of O
adverse O
drug O
effects O
may O
further O
improve O
strategies O
for O
pharmacovigilance O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
study O
the O
safety O
and O
efficacy O
of O
methylphenidate T
in O
children O
with O
the O
dual O
diagnosis O
of O
epilepsy D
and O
attention D
deficit D
hyperactivity D
disorder D
( D
ADHD D
) D

STUDY O
DESIGN O
: O
Thirty O
children O
, O
aged O
6.4 O
to O
16.4 O
years O
, O
with O
epilepsy D
and O
ADHD D
were O
studied O
during O
a O
4-month O
period O

During O
the O
initial O
2 O
months O
of O
the O
study O
, O
the O
children O
were O
treated O
with O
antiepileptic T
drugs T
( T
AEDs T
) T
only O
, O
and O
for O
the O
remaining O
2 O
months O
, O
methylphenidate T
was O
added O
at O
a O
morning O
dose O
of O
0.3 O
mg/kg O

They O
underwent O
neurologic O
assessment O
, O
brain O
computed O
tomography O
, O
IQ O
testing O
, O
and O
assessment O
with O
the O
Childhood O
Behavior O
Checklist O
at O
baseline O
before O
methylphenidate T
therapy T

Electroencephalography O
, O
AED O
determinations O
, O
and O
the O
continuous-performance O
task O
( O
CPT O
) O
test O
were O
done O
at O
baseline O
and O
after O
2 O
months O
of O
methylphenidate O
therapy O

A O
double-blind O
, O
crossover O
design O
was O
used O
to O
compare O
the O
effects O
of O
methylphenidate T
versus O
placebo O
on O
an O
electroencephalogram O
, O
AED O
levels O
, O
and O
the O
CPT O

On O
the O
2 O
days O
of O
testing O
, O
the O
child O
received O
AEDs T
and O
a O
capsule O
containing O
either O
placebo O
or O
methylphenidate T

RESULTS O
: O
None O
of O
the O
25 O
children O
of O
this O
sample O
who O
were O
seizure O
free O
had O
attacks O
while O
taking O
methylphenidate O

Of O
the O
5 O
children O
with O
seizures D
, O
3 O
had O
an O
increase O
in O
attacks O
, O
whereas O
the O
other O
2 O
showed O
no O
change O
or O
a O
reduction O

There O
were O
no O
significant O
changes O
in O
AED O
levels O
or O
electroencephalographic O
findings O

Methylphenidate T
benefited O
70 O
% O
of O
children O
according O
to O
parental O
report O
; O
methylphenidate T
also O
enhanced O
performance O
on O
the O
CPT O

Side O
effects O
of O
methylphenidate T
were O
mild O
and O
transient O

CONCLUSION O
: O
Methylphenidate T
is O
effective O
in O
treating O
children O
with O
epilepsy D
and O
ADHD D
and O
safe O
in O
children O
who O
are O
seizure O
free O

Caution O
is O
warranted O
for O
those O
still O
having O
seizures O
while O
receiving O
AED O
therapy O

The O
temporal O
properties O
of O
semantic O
and O
phonological O
processes O
in O
speech O
production O
were O
investigated O
in O
a O
new O
experimental O
paradigm O
using O
movement-related O
brain O
potentials O

The O
main O
experimental O
task O
was O
picture O
naming O

In O
addition O
, O
a O
2-choice O
reaction O
go/no-go O
procedure O
was O
included O
, O
involving O
a O
semantic O
and O
a O
phonological O
categorization O
of O
the O
picture O
name O

Lateralized O
readiness O
potentials O
( O
LRPs O
) O
were O
derived O
to O
test O
whether O
semantic O
and O
phonological O
information O
activated O
motor O
processes O
at O
separate O
moments O
in O
time O

An O
LRP O
was O
only O
observed O
on O
no-go O
trials O
when O
the O
semantic O
( O
not O
the O
phonological O
) O
decision O
determined O
the O
response O
hand O

Varying O
the O
position O
of O
the O
critical O
phoneme O
in O
the O
picture O
name O
did O
not O
affect O
the O
onset O
of O
the O
LRP O
but O
rather O
influenced O
when O
the O
LRP O
began O
to O
differ O
on O
go O
and O
no-go O
trials O
and O
allowed O
the O
duration O
of O
phonological O
encoding O
of O
a O
word O
to O
be O
estimated O

These O
results O
provide O
electrophysiological O
evidence O
for O
early O
semantic O
activation O
and O
later O
phonological O
encoding O

The O
effects O
of O
alanine O
and O
glycine O
substitution O
for O
tryptophan O
upon O
the O
species O
heterogeneity O
of O
gramicidin O
A O
analogs O
incorporated O
into O
SDS O
micelles O
have O
been O
investigated O

The O
sequential O
replacement O
of O
the O
four O
tryptophan O
residues O
in O
gramicidin O
A O
at O
positions O
15 O
, O
13 O
, O
11 O
, O
and O
9 O
with O
glycine O
showed O
that O
there O
was O
no O
detectable O
effect O
at O
position O
15 O
but O
increasing O
heterogeneity O
of O
species O
in O
the O
micelles O
proceeding O
toward O
the O
interior O
of O
the O
micelle O
at O
position O
9 O

The O
replacement O
of O
tryptophan O
at O
positions O
15 O
and O
9 O
with O
alanine O
was O
found O
to O
produce O
more O
species O
heterogeneity O
than O
found O
with O
glycine O
substitution O
at O
the O
same O
positions O

An O
increase O
in O
the O
SDS O
concentration O
reduces O
the O
number O
of O
different O
species O
present O
in O
micelles O

With O
the O
Gly-11 O
, O
Gly-13 O
, O
and O
Gly-15 O
analogs O
, O
the O
increase O
in O
SDS O
concentration O
results O
in O
the O
formation O
of O
a O
single O
species O
; O
however O
, O
for O
the O
Gly-9 O
, O
Ala-9 O
, O
and O
Ala-15 O
analogs O
, O
heterogeneity O
remains O

Molecular O
dynamics O
in O
torsion-angle O
space O
was O
applied O
to O
nuclear O
magnetic O
resonance O
structure O
calculation O
using O
nuclear O
Overhauser O
effect-derived O
distances O
and O
J-coupling-constant-derived O
dihedral O
angle O
restraints O

Compared O
to O
two O
other O
commonly O
used O
algorithms O
, O
molecular O
dynamics O
in O
Cartesian O
space O
and O
metric-matrix O
geometry O
combined O
with O
Cartesian O
molecular O
dynamics O
, O
the O
method O
shows O
increased O
computational O
efficiency O
and O
success O
rate O
for O
large O
proteins O
, O
and O
it O
shows O
a O
dramatically O
increased O
radius O
of O
convergence O
for O
DNA O

The O
torsion-angle O
molecular O
dynamics O
algorithm O
starts O
from O
an O
extended O
strand O
conformation O
and O
proceeds O
in O
four O
stages O
: O
high-temperature O
torsion-angle O
molecular O
dynamics O
, O
slow-cooling O
torsion-angle O
molecular O
dynamics O
, O
Cartesian O
molecular O
dynamics O
, O
and O
minimization O

Tests O
were O
carried O
out O
using O
experimental O
NMR O
data O
for O
protein O
G O
, O
interleukin-8 O
, O
villin O
14T O
, O
and O
a O
12 O
base-pair O
duplex O
of O
DNA O
, O
and O
simulated O
NMR O
data O
for O
bovine O
pancreatic O
trypsin O
inhibitor O

For O
villin O
14T O
, O
a O
monomer O
consisting O
of O
126 O
residues O
, O
structure O
determination O
by O
torsion-angle O
molecular O
dynamics O
has O
a O
success O
rate O
of O
85 O
% O
, O
a O
more O
than O
twofold O
improvement O
over O
other O
methods O

In O
the O
case O
of O
the O
12 O
base-pair O
DNA O
duplex O
, O
torsion-angle O
molecular O
dynamics O
had O
a O
success O
rate O
of O
52 O
% O
while O
Cartesian O
molecular O
dynamics O
and O
metric-matrix O
distance O
geometry O
always O
failed O

The O
wavelet-transform O
method O
is O
used O
to O
quantify O
the O
magnetic O
resonance O
spectroscopy O
( O
MRS O
) O
parameters O
: O
chemical O
shift O
, O
apparent O
relaxation O
time O
T2 O
, O
resonance O
amplitude O
, O
and O
phase O

Wavelet O
transformation O
is O
a O
time-frequency O
representation O
which O
separates O
each O
component O
from O
the O
FID O
, O
then O
successively O
quantifies O
it O
and O
subtracts O
it O
from O
the O
raw O
signal O

Two O
iterative O
procedures O
have O
been O
developed O

They O
have O
been O
combined O
with O
a O
nonlinear O
regression O
analysis O
method O
and O
tested O
on O
both O
simulated O
and O
real O
sets O
of O
biomedical O
MRS O
data O
selected O
with O
respect O
to O
the O
main O
problems O
usually O
encountered O
in O
quantifying O
biomedical O
MRS O
, O
specifically O
`` O
chemical O
noise O
, O
'' O
resulting O
from O
overlapping O
resonances O
, O
and O
baseline O
distortion O

The O
results O
indicate O
that O
the O
wavelet-transform O
method O
can O
provide O
efficient O
and O
accurate O
quantification O
of O
MRS O
data O

BACKGROUND O
: O
Antiplatelet T
therapy T
with T
aspirin T
and T
systematic T
anticoagulation T
with T
warfarin T
reduce O
cardiovascular D
morbidity D
and D
mortality D
after D
myocardial D
infarction D
when O
given O
alone O

In O
the O
Coumadin O
Aspirin O
Reinfarction O
Study O
( O
CARS O
) O
, O
we O
aimed O
to O
find O
out O
whether O
a O
combination O
of O
low-dose O
warfarin T
and O
low-dose T
aspirin T
would O
give O
superior O
results O
to O
standard O
aspirin T
monotherapy T
without O
excessive O
bleeding O
risk O

METHODS O
: O
We O
used O
a O
randomised O
double-blind O
study O
design O

At O
293 O
sites O
, O
we O
randomly O
assigned O
8803 O
patients O
who O
had O
had O
myocardial D
infarction D
, O
treatment O
with O
160 T
mg T
aspirin T
, O
3 T
mg T
warfarin T
with T
80 T
mg T
aspirin T
, O
or O
1 T
mg T
warfarin T
with T
80 T
mg T
aspirin T

Patients O
took O
a O
single O
tablet O
daily O
, O
and O
attended O
for O
prothrombin O
time O
( O
PT O
) O
measurements O
at O
weeks O
1 O
, O
2 O
, O
3 O
, O
4 O
, O
6 O
, O
and O
12 O
, O
and O
then O
every O
3 O
months O

Patients O
were O
followed O
up O
for O
a O
maximum O
of O
33 O
months O
( O
median O
14 O
months O
) O

FINDINGS O
: O
The O
primary O
event O
was O
first O
occurrence O
of O
reinfarction O
, O
non-fatal O
ischaemic D
stroke D
, O
or O
cardiovascular O
death O

1-year O
life-table O
estimates O
for O
the O
primary O
event O
were O
8.6 O
% O
( O
95 O
% O
CI O
7.6-9.6 O
) O
for O
160 O
mg O
aspirin T
, O
8.4 O
% O
( O
7.4-9.4 O
) O
for O
3 O
mg O
warfarin T
with O
80 O
mg O
aspirin T
, O
and O
8.8 O
% O
( O
7.6-10 O
) O
for O
1 O
mg O
warfarin T
with O
80 O
mg O
aspirin T

Primary O
comparisons O
were O
done O
with O
all O
follow-up O
data O

The O
relative O
risk O
of O
the O
primary O
event O
for O
the O
160 O
mg O
aspirin O
group O
compared O
with O
the O
3 O
mg O
warfarin O
with O
80 O
mg O
aspirin O
group O
was O
0.95 O
( O
0.81-1.12 O
, O
p O
= O
0.57 O
) O

For O
spontaneous O
major O
haemorrhage O
( O
not O
procedure O
related O
) O
, O
1-year O
life-table O
estimates O
were O
0.74 O
% O
( O
0.43-1.1 O
) O
in O
the O
160 O
mg O
aspirin O
group O
and O
1.4 O
% O
( O
0.94-1.8 O
) O
in O
the O
3 O
mg O
warfarin O
with O
80 O
mg O
aspirin O
group O
( O
p O
= O
0.014 O
log O
rank O
on O
follow-up O
) O

For O
the O
3382 O
patients O
assigned O
3 O
mg O
warfarin T
with O
80 O
mg O
aspirin T
, O
the O
INR O
results O
were O
: O
at O
week O
1 O
( O
n O
= O
2985 O
) O
median O
1.51 O
( O
IQR O
1.23-2.13 O
) O
; O
at O
week O
4 O
( O
n O
= O
2701 O
) O
1.27 O
( O
1.13-1.64 O
) O
; O
at O
month O
6 O
( O
n O
= O
2145 O
) O
1.19 O
( O
1.08-1.44 O
) O

INTERPRETATION O
: O
Low O
, O
fixed-dose O
warfarin T
( T
1 T
mg T
or T
3 T
mg T
) T
combined T
with T
low-dose T
aspirin T
( T
80 T
mg T
) T
in O
patients O
who O
have O
had O
myocardial D
infarction D
does O
not O
provide O
clinical O
benefit O
beyond O
that O
achievable O
with O
160 O
mg O
aspirin T
monotherapy T

BACKGROUND O
: O
There O
is O
serological O
evidence O
for O
an O
association O
between O
Chlamydia D
pneumoniae D
and O
coronary D
heart D
disease D

We O
investigated O
the O
hypothesis O
that O
an T
antichlamydial T
macrolide T
antibiotic T
, T
roxithromycin T
, O
can O
prevent O
or O
reduce O
recurrent O
major O
ischaemic O
events O
in O
patients O
with O
unstable D
angina D

METHODS O
: O
The O
effect O
of O
roxithromycin T
was O
assessed O
in O
a O
double-blind O
, O
randomised O
, O
prospective O
, O
multicentre O
, O
parallel-group O
, O
placebo-controlled O
pilot O
study O
of O
202 O
patients O
with O
unstable D
angina D
or O
non-Q-wave D
myocardial D
infarction D

Patients O
were O
randomly O
assigned O
either O
roxithromycin T
150 O
mg O
orally O
twice O
a O
day O
( O
n O
= O
102 O
) O
or O
placebo O
orally O
twice O
a O
day O
( O
n O
= O
100 O
) O

The O
treatment O
was O
for O
30 O
days O

Patients O
were O
followed O
up O
for O
6 O
months O

We O
report O
the O
primary O
clinical O
endpoints O
( O
cardiac D
ischaemic D
death D
, O
myocardial D
infarction D
, O
and O
severe O
recurrent O
ischaemia D
) O
, O
assessed O
at O
day O
31 O
, O
in O
202 O
patients O
on O
an O
intention-to-treat O
basis O

FINDINGS O
: O
A O
statistically O
significant O
reduction O
in O
the O
primary O
composite O
triple O
endpoint O
rates O
was O
observed O
in O
the O
roxithromycin O
group O
: O
p O
= O
0.032 O

The O
rate O
of O
severe O
recurrent O
ischaemia O
, O
myocardial O
infarction O
, O
and O
ischaemic O
death O
was O
5.4 O
% O
, O
2.2 O
% O
, O
and O
2.2 O
% O
in O
the O
placebo O
group O
and O
1.1 O
% O
, O
0 O
% O
, O
and O
0 O
% O
, O
in O
the O
roxithromycin O
group O
, O
respectively O

No O
major O
drug-related O
adverse O
effects O
were O
observed O

INTERPRETATION O
: O
Antichlamydial T
antibiotics T
may O
be O
useful O
in O
therapeutic O
intervention O
in O
addition O
to O
standard O
medication O
in O
patients O
with O
coronary-artery D
disease D

Large-scale O
trials O
are O
needed O
to O
confirm O
these O
preliminary O
observations O

BACKGROUND O
: O
Stage D
Ib D
and D
IIa D
cervical D
carcinoma D
can O
be O
cured O
by O
radical T
surgery T
or O
radiotherapy T

These O
two O
procedures O
are O
equally O
effective O
, O
but O
differ O
in O
associated O
morbidity O
and O
type O
of O
complications O

In O
this O
prospective O
randomised O
trial O
of O
radiotherapy T
versus O
surgery T
, O
our O
aim O
was O
to O
assess O
the O
5-year O
survival O
and O
the O
rate O
and O
pattern O
of O
complications O
and O
recurrences O
associated O
with O
each O
treatment O

METHODS O
: O
Between O
September O
, O
1986 O
, O
and O
December O
, O
1991 O
, O
469 O
women O
with O
newly O
diagnosed O
stage O
Ib O
and O
IIa O
cervical T
carcinoma T
were O
referred O
to O
our O
institute O

343 O
eligible O
patients O
were O
randomised O
: O
172 O
to O
surgery T
and O
171 O
to O
radical O
radiotherapy T

Adjuvant O
radiotherapy O
was O
delivered O
after O
surgery O
for O
women O
with O
surgical O
stage O
pT2b O
or O
greater O
, O
less O
than O
3 O
mm O
of O
safe O
cervical O
stroma O
, O
cut-through O
, O
or O
positive O
nodes O

The O
primary O
outcome O
measures O
were O
5-year O
survival O
and O
the O
rate O
of O
complications O

The O
analysis O
of O
survival O
and O
recurrence O
was O
by O
intention O
to O
treat O
and O
analysis O
of O
complications O
was O
by O
treatment O
delivered O

FINDINGS O
: O
170 O
patients O
in O
the O
surgery O
group O
and O
167 O
in O
the O
radiotherapy O
group O
were O
included O
in O
the O
intention-to-treat O
analysis O
; O
scheduled O
treatment O
was O
delivered O
to O
169 O
and O
158 O
women O
, O
respectively O
, O
62 O
of O
114 O
women O
with O
cervical O
diameters O
of O
4 O
cm O
or O
smaller O
and O
46 O
of O
55 O
with O
diameters O
larger O
than O
4 O
cm O
received O
adjuvant O
therapy O

After O
a O
median O
follow-up O
of O
87 O
( O
range O
57-120 O
) O
months O
, O
5-year O
overall O
and O
disease-free O
survival O
were O
identical O
in O
the O
surgery O
and O
radiotherapy O
groups O
( O
83 O
% O
and O
74 O
% O
, O
respectively O
, O
for O
both O
groups O
) O
, O
86 O
women O
developed O
recurrent O
disease O
: O
42 O
( O
25 O
% O
) O
in O
the O
surgery O
group O
and O
44 O
( O
26 O
% O
) O
in O
the O
radiotherapy O
group O

Significant O
factors O
for O
survival O
in O
univariate O
and O
multivariate O
analyses O
were O
: O
cervical O
diameter O
, O
positive O
lymphangiography O
, O
and O
adeno-carcinomatous O
histotype O

48 O
( O
28 O
% O
) O
surgery-group O
patients O
had O
severe O
morbidity O
compared O
with O
19 O
( O
12 O
% O
) O
radiotherapy-group O
patients O
( O
p O
= O
0.0004 O
) O

INTERPRETATION O
: O
There O
is O
no O
treatment O
of O
choice O
for O
early-stage O
cervical D
carcinoma D
in O
terms O
of O
overall O
or O
disease-free O
survival O

The O
combination O
of O
surgery D
and O
radiotherapy D
has O
the O
worst O
morbidity O
, O
especially O
urological O
complications O

The O
optimum O
therapy O
for O
each O
patient O
should O
take O
account O
of O
clinical O
factors O
such O
as O
menopausal O
status O
, O
age O
, O
medical O
illness O
, O
histological O
type O
, O
and O
cervical O
diameter O
to O
yield O
the O
best O
cure O
with O
minimum O
complications O

Today O
's O
technology O
links O
health O
care O
providers O
and O
patients O
across O
town O
, O
in O
the O
next O
state O
or O
even O
another O
country O

Nursing O
across O
state O
lines O
poses O
complications O
: O
state-bound O
regulatory O
and O
licensure O
issues O

This O
article O
discusses O
many O
of O
the O
nutritional O
topics O
important O
to O
the O
intensivist O

Nutritional O
assessment O
, O
substrate O
immunonutrition O
, O
and O
disease O
specific O
issues O
are O
presented O

Early O
introduction O
of O
enteral O
feeds O
and O
the O
use O
of O
nutritional O
modulation O
are O
emphasized O

PROBLEM O
: O
To O
compare O
the O
expression O
by O
T-lymphocytes O
of O
an O
immunomodulatory O
protein O
known O
as O
progesterone-induced O
blocking O
factor O
( O
PIBF O
) O
in O
conception O
versus O
non-conception O
cycles O
even O
when O
there O
has O
been O
definite O
fertilization O
and O
embryo O
formation O

METHOD O
: O
PIBF O
expression O
on O
T O
lymphocytes O
was O
measured O
using O
an O
immunohistochemical O
method O
with O
a O
PIBF-specific O
polyclonal O
antibody O

These O
levels O
were O
determined O
in O
patients O
undergoing O
three O
types O
of O
therapy O
: O
non-in O
vitro O
fertilization O
( O
IVF O
) O
, O
IVF-embryo O
transfer O
( O
ET O
) O
, O
and O
frozen O
ET O

Sera O
were O
drawn O
12 O
days O
from O
ovulation O
in O
non-IVF O
cycles O
or O
9 O
days O
after O
ET O
and O
were O
assayed O
for O
PIBF O
and O
beta O
human O
chorionic O
gondotropin O

Comparison O
of O
the O
frequency O
of O
lymphocyte O
expression O
of O
PIBF O
in O
pregnant O
versus O
non-pregnant O
women O
were O
made O

RESULTS O
: O
PIBF O
was O
detected O
in O
29.5 O
% O
of O
non-pregnant O
women O
and O
52.5 O
% O
of O
pregnant O
women O

There O
were O
no O
differences O
in O
PIBF O
levels O
by O
therapy O
used O
in O
non-pregnant O
cases O
or O
in O
the O
pregnant O
group O

CONCLUSION O
: O
These O
data O
are O
consistent O
with O
the O
hypothesis O
that O
maternal O
expression O
of O
PIBF O
in O
T-lymphocytes O
soon O
after O
trophoblast O
invasion O
may O
depend O
on O
successful O
implantation O

Many O
amino O
acids O
contain O
an O
asymmetric O
centre O
, O
occurring O
as O
laevorotatory O
, O
L O
, O
or O
dextrorotatory O
, O
D O
, O
compounds O

It O
is O
generally O
assumed O
that O
abiotic O
synthesis O
of O
amino O
acids O
on O
the O
early O
Earth O
resulted O
in O
racemic O
mixtures O
( O
L- O
and O
D-enantiomers O
in O
equal O
abundance O
) O

But O
the O
origin O
of O
life O
required O
, O
owing O
to O
conformational O
constraints O
, O
the O
almost O
exclusive O
selection O
of O
either O
L- O
or O
D-enantiomers O
, O
and O
the O
question O
of O
why O
living O
systems O
on O
the O
Earth O
consist O
of O
L-enantiomers O
rather O
than O
D-enantiomers O
is O
unresolved O

A O
substantial O
fraction O
of O
the O
organic O
compounds O
on O
the O
early O
Earth O
may O
have O
been O
derived O
from O
comet O
and O
meteorite O
impacts O

It O
has O
been O
reported O
previously O
that O
amino O
acids O
in O
the O
Murchison O
meteorite O
exhibit O
an O
excess O
of O
L-enantiomers O
, O
raising O
the O
possibility O
that O
a O
similar O
excess O
was O
present O
in O
the O
initial O
inventory O
of O
organic O
compounds O
on O
the O
Earth O

The O
stable O
carbon O
isotope O
compositions O
of O
individual O
amino O
acids O
in O
Murchison O
support O
an O
extraterrestrial O
origin O
-- O
rather O
than O
a O
terrestrial O
overprint O
of O
biological O
amino O
acids-although O
reservations O
have O
persisted O

Here O
we O
show O
that O
individual O
amino-acid O
enantiomers O
from O
Murchison O
are O
enriched O
in O
15N O
relative O
to O
their O
terrestrial O
counterparts O
, O
so O
confirming O
an O
extraterrestrial O
source O
for O
an O
L-enantiomer O
excess O
in O
the O
Solar O
System O
that O
may O
predate O
the O
origin O
of O
life O
on O
the O
Earth O

Home O
care O
workers O
face O
an O
increasing O
risk O
for O
workplace O
violence O

A O
proactive O
preventive O
approach O
is O
presented O
that O
suggests O
strategies O
to O
use O
during O
the O
previsit O
phase O
, O
the O
visit O
experience O
, O
and O
on O
an O
ongoing O
basis O

The O
miracidia O
of O
Fasciola O
hepatica O
and O
Trichobilharzia O
ocellata O
approach O
their O
host O
snails O
Lymnaea O
truncatula O
and O
L. O
stagnalis O
by O
increasing O
their O
rate O
of O
change O
of O
direction O
( O
RCD O
) O
in O
increasing O
gradients O
of O
snail-conditioned O
water O
( O
SCW O
) O
, O
and O
they O
perform O
a O
turnback O
swimming O
in O
decreasing O
gradients O

Both O
hostfinding O
responses O
in O
both O
species O
were O
induced O
by O
glycoconjugates O
with O
a O
molecular O
weight O
of O
> O
30 O
kDa O
that O
were O
sensitive O
to O
hydrolysis O
with O
pronase O
E O
and O
oxidation O
with O
NaIO4 O

Alkaline O
cleavage O
revealed O
that O
they O
contained O
carbohydrates O
linked O
O-glycosidically O
via O
serine O
and O
N-acetylgalactosamine O

Miracidia O
clearly O
preferred O
SCW O
from O
their O
specific O
host O
snail O
versus O
other O
sympatric O
snail O
species O
and O
did O
not O
respond O
to O
water O
conditioned O
with O
fish O
, O
tadpoles O
, O
or O
leeches O

Differences O
in O
the O
chemical O
characteristics O
of O
SCW O
from O
the O
intermediate O
hosts O
L. O
truncatula O
and O
L. O
stagnalis O
could O
be O
shown O
by O
sodium O
dodecyl O
sulfate-polyacrylamide O
gel O
electrophoresis O
, O
blotting O
, O
and O
subsequent O
carbohydrate O
detection O

The O
first O
step O
of O
purification O
of O
the O
effective O
signaling O
SCW O
components O
from O
both O
snail O
species O
was O
achieved O
by O
ion-exchange O
chromatography O

Black O
patients O
with O
colon D
cancer D
in O
the O
Black/White O
Cancer O
Survival O
Study O
were O
found O
to O
have O
a O
poorer O
survival O
than O
white O
patients O

More O
advanced-stage O
disease O
at O
diagnosis O
was O
the O
primary O
determinant O
, O
accounting O
for O
60 O
% O
of O
the O
excess O
mortality O

After O
adjusting O
for O
stage O
, O
factors O
such O
as O
poverty O
, O
other O
socioeconomic O
conditions O
, O
and O
treatment O
did O
not O
further O
explain O
the O
remaining O
survival O
deficit O

This O
study O
examined O
the O
aggressiveness O
of O
colon D
tumors D
in O
blacks O
and O
whites O
to O
explore O
its O
role O
in O
the O
racial O
survival O
differences O

Tumor O
characteristics O
of O
703 O
cases O
of O
newly O
diagnosed O
invasive O
colon O
adenocarcinoma D
were O
centrally O
evaluated O
by O
a O
gastrointestinal O
pathologist O
, O
blinded O
in O
regard O
to O
the O
age O
, O
race O
, O
and O
sex O
of O
the O
patients O

Blacks O
were O
less O
likely O
to O
have O
poorly O
differentiated O
( O
grade O
3 O
) O
tumors D
( O
odds O
ratio O
( O
OR O
) O
, O
0.44 O
; O
95 O
% O
confidence O
interval O
, O
0.22-0.88 O
) O
and O
lymphoid O
reaction O
( O
OR O
, O
0.49 O
; O
95 O
% O
confidence O
interval O
, O
0.26-0.90 O
) O
when O
compared O
with O
whites O

These O
black/white O
( O
B/W O
) O
differences O
remained O
statistically O
significant O
after O
adjusting O
for O
age O
, O
sex O
, O
metropolitan O
area O
, O
summary O
stage O
, O
socioeconomic O
status O
, O
body O
mass O
index O
, O
and O
health O
care O
access O
and O
utilization O

In O
addition O
, O
blacks O
were O
less O
likely O
to O
have O
high-grade O
( O
grade O
3 O
) O
nuclear D
atypia D
, O
mitotic O
activity O
, O
and O
tubule O
formation O
, O
although O
these O
ORs O
did O
not O
reach O
a O
statistical O
significance O
level O
of O
0.05 O

Similar O
B/W O
differences O
were O
observed O
for O
patients O
with O
advanced O
disease O
but O
not O
with O
early O
stage O

Comparison O
by O
anatomical O
subsite O
showed O
that O
blacks O
had O
statistically O
significantly O
better O
differentiated O
tumors D
for O
cancers D
of O
the O
proximal O
and O
transverse O
colon O
but O
not O
for O
the O
distal O

No O
racial O
differences O
were O
found O
for O
blood O
vessel O
and O
lymphatic D
invasion D
, O
necrosis D
, O
fibrosis D
, O
and O
mucinous O
type O
of O
histology O

The O
findings O
, O
therefore O
, O
are O
the O
opposite O
of O
those O
hypothesized O

After O
adjusting O
for O
stage O
, O
more O
aggressive O
tumor O
characteristics O
do O
not O
explain O
the O
adverse O
survival O
differential O
in O
blacks O

This O
suggests O
that O
there O
may O
be O
racial O
differences O
in O
environmental O
exposure O
, O
and O
that O
the O
intensity O
and O
mode O
of O
delivery O
of O
carcinogen O
insult O
as O
well O
as O
host O
susceptibility O
may O
differ O
by O
race O
and O
anatomical O
subsite O

Future O
studies O
should O
explore O
the O
B/W O
differences O
in O
tumor O
biology O
using O
molecular O
markers O
that O
precede O
the O
conventional O
histological O
parameters O
evaluated O
here O

A O
new O
method O
is O
described O
for O
detection O
of O
mutations O
in O
the O
lysosomal O
alpha-glucosidase O
gene O
( O
GAA O
) O
leading O
to O
Glycogen D
Storage D
Disease D
type D
II D
( D
GSDII D
) D

A O
key O
feature O
of O
the O
method O
is O
isolation O
and O
reverse O
transcription O
of O
mRNA O
followed O
by O
PCR O
amplification O
of O
lysosomal O
alpha-glucosidase O
cDNA O
with O
M13-extended O
primers O

Dye O
labeled O
primers O
are O
used O
for O
cycle O
sequencing O
and O
an O
ABI O
PRISM O
377 O
DNA O
sequencing O
system O
for O
analysis O

The O
method O
is O
rapid O
and O
complementary O
to O
the O
automated O
sequencing O
of O
all O
the O
19 O
, O
PCR O
amplified O
, O
coding O
exons O
of O
the O
GAA O
gene O

The O
advantages O
and O
pitfalls O
of O
this O
new O
method O
are O
discussed O
in O
the O
light O
of O
the O
results O
obtained O
with O
an O
infantile O
GSDII O
patient O

A O
new O
splice O
site O
mutation O
in O
the O
GAA O
gene O
of O
this O
patient O
was O
identified O
, O
IVS16 O
( O
+2T O
-- O
> O
C O
) O
, O
resulting O
in O
the O
deletion O
of O
16 O
base O
pairs O
of O
exon O
16 O

The O
presence O
of O
clinical O
autonomic D
dysfunction D
in O
patients O
with O
neurologic D
diseases D
, O
such O
as O
multiple D
sclerosis D
, O
Parkinson D
's D
disease D
, O
and O
cerebrovascular O
accident O
, O
has O
become O
increasingly O
recognized O
in O
the O
past O
decade O

Very O
few O
autonomic O
tests O
have O
been O
done O
on O
pediatric O
patients O
thus O
far O

The O
purpose O
of O
this O
study O
was O
to O
investigate O
the O
autonomic O
function O
in O
patients O
with O
cerebral D
palsy D
using O
two O
noninvasive O
tests O
: O
sympathetic O
skin O
response O
( O
SSR O
) O
and O
R-R O
interval O
variation O
( O
RRIV O
) O

Twenty-four O
patients O
with O
cerebral D
palsy D
and O
24 O
control O
subjects O
between O
the O
ages O
of O
4 O
and O
12 O
yr O
were O
enrolled O
in O
this O
study O

There O
was O
no O
significant O
difference O
of O
mean O
latency O
, O
amplitude O
, O
or O
amplitude O
ratio O
of O
SSR O
between O
the O
two O
groups O
under O
electric O
stimulus O
, O
startling O
stimulus O
, O
and O
deep O
breathing O
conditions O

No O
significant O
difference O
in O
frequency O
of O
absent O
response O
and O
asymmetric O
response O
was O
also O
noted O

Mean O
heart O
rate O
under O
relaxed O
sitting O
condition O
was O
significantly O
higher O
in O
the O
study O
group O

Significant O
negative O
correlation O
between O
heart O
rate O
and O
age O
was O
noted O
in O
the O
control O
group O
but O
was O
not O
present O
in O
the O
study O
group O

Also O
, O
there O
was O
no O
statistical O
difference O
of O
mean O
RRIV O
between O
the O
two O
groups O

No O
objective O
evidence O
of O
autonomic O
disturbance O
in O
patients O
with O
cerebral D
palsy D
was O
found O
in O
this O
study O

A O
two-credits O
per O
semester O
clinical O
medicine O
course O
was O
established O
in O
the O
Department O
of O
Physical O
Medicine O
and O
Rehabilitation O
( O
PM O
& O
# O
38 O
; O
R O
) O
in O
cooperation O
with O
the O
Johns O
Hopkins O
University O
undergraduate O
Human O
Biology O
faculty O
to O
present O
the O
variety O
of O
inpatient O
consultation O
personnel O
, O
units O
, O
patient O
diagnostic O
groups O
, O
and O
functional O
problems O

College O
students O
spend O
4 O
hr O
weekly O
on O
the O
PM O
& O
# O
38 O
; O
R O
consultation O
service O
as O
team O
members O
under O
resident O
supervision O

The O
curriculum O
emphasizes O
student O
understanding O
of O
the O
roles O
of O
rehabilitation O
team O
members O

Objectives O
include O
demonstration O
of O
working O
knowledge O
of O
the O
Biopsychosocial O
Model O
, O
the O
World O
Health O
Organization O
Model O
of O
disablement O
and O
interdisciplinary O
rehabilitation O
intervention O

The O
course O
includes O
simulations O
of O
physical O
impairments O
, O
demonstrations O
of O
adaptive O
equipment O
, O
interactive O
chart O
reviews O
, O
readings O
, O
and O
audio O
lectures O

A O
retrospective O
sequential O
review O
was O
made O
of O
the O
last O
100 O
physical O
medicine O
and O
rehabilitation O
consultations O
with O
student O
attendance O

The O
results O
confirm O
student O
exposure O
to O
many O
ward O
settings O
( O
surgery O
, O
30 O
% O
; O
neurology/neurosurgery O
, O
28 O
% O
; O
medicine O
, O
24 O
% O
; O
intensive O
care O
, O
15 O
% O
; O
oncology O
, O
2 O
% O
; O
and O
psychiatry O
, O
1 O
% O
) O
, O
patient O
complexity O
( O
averaging O
10 O
problems O
) O
, O
and O
multiple O
ICD-9 O
diagnosis O
categories O
( O
circulatory O
, O
36 O
% O
; O
neurologic O
, O
22 O
% O
; O
musculoskeletal O
, O
17 O
% O
; O
neoplasms O
, O
10 O
% O
; O
injury O
, O
5 O
% O
; O
endocrine O
, O
4 O
% O
; O
infections O
, O
3 O
% O
; O
and O
others O
, O
3 O
% O
) O

The O
rehabilitation O
consultation O
service O
is O
particularly O
effective O
as O
an O
introduction O
to O
hospital-based O
medical O
practice O
due O
to O
the O
diagnostic O
variety O
of O
the O
patients O
, O
the O
functional O
approach O
of O
rehabilitation O
, O
and O
student O
exposure O
to O
multiple O
hospital O
settings O

The O
Biopsychosocial O
Model O
of O
medical O
practice O
is O
demonstrated O
through O
multiple O
interdisciplinary O
perspectives O
of O
needs O
and O
interventions O
for O
patients O
with O
obvious O
functional O
deficits O

This O
process O
develops O
a O
rudimentary O
understanding O
of O
the O
effect O
of O
illness O
on O
the O
person O
and O
the O
variety O
of O
medically O
effective O
therapeutic O
modalities O

This O
study O
is O
designed O
to O
investigate O
the O
immediate O
effectiveness O
of O
electrotherapy T
on O
myofascial D
trigger D
points D
of D
upper D
trapezius D
muscle D

Sixty O
patients O
( O
25 O
males O
and O
35 O
females O
) O
who O
had O
myofascial D
trigger D
points D
in O
one O
side O
of O
the O
upper O
trapezius O
muscles O
were O
studied O

The O
involved O
upper O
trapezius O
muscles O
were O
treated O
with O
three O
different O
methods O
according O
to O
a O
random O
assignment O
: O
group O
A O
muscles O
( O
n O
= O
18 O
) O
were O
given O
placebo O
treatment O
( O
control O
group O
) O
; O
group O
B O
muscles O
( O
n O
= O
20 O
) O
were O
treated O
with O
electrical T
nerve T
stimulation T
( T
ENS T
) T
therapy T
; O
and O
group O
C O
muscles O
( O
n O
= O
22 O
) O
were O
given O
electrical T
muscle T
stimulation T
( T
EMS T
) T
therapy T

The O
effectiveness O
of O
treatment O
was O
assessed O
by O
conducting O
three O
measurements O
on O
each O
muscle O
before O
and O
immediately O
after O
treatment O
: O
subjective O
pain O
intensity O
( O
( O
PI O
) O
with O
a O
visual O
analog O
scale O
) O
, O
pressure O
pain O
threshold O
( O
( O
PT O
) O
with O
algometry O
) O
, O
and O
range O
of O
motion O
( O
( O
ROM O
) O
with O
a O
goniometer O
) O
of O
upper O
trapezius O
muscle O
( O
lateral O
bending O
of O
cervical O
spine O
to O
the O
opposite O
side O
) O

When O
the O
effectiveness O
of O
treatment O
was O
compared O
with O
that O
of O
the O
placebo O
group O
( O
group O
A O
) O
, O
there O
was O
significant O
improvement O
in O
PI O
and O
PT O
in O
group O
B O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.01 O
) O
but O
not O
in O
group O
C O
( O
P O
> O
0.05 O
) O

The O
improvement O
of O
ROM O
was O
significantly O
more O
in O
group O
C O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.01 O
) O
as O
compared O
with O
that O
in O
group O
A O
or O
group O
B O

When O
each O
group O
was O
divided O
into O
two O
additional O
subgroups O
based O
on O
the O
initial O
PI O
, O
it O
was O
found O
that O
ENS O
could O
reduce O
PI O
and O
increase O
PT O
significantly O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
) O
, O
but O
did O
not O
significantly O
( O
P O
> O
0.05 O
) O
improve O
ROM O
, O
as O
compared O
with O
the O
placebo O
group O
for O
both O
subgroups O

EMS O
could O
significantly O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
) O
improve O
ROM O
, O
but O
not O
PT O
, O
better O
than O
the O
placebo O
groups O
, O
for O
either O
subgroup O

It O
could O
reduce O
PI O
significantly O
more O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
) O
than O
placebo O
controls O
only O
for O
the O
subgroup O
with O
mild O
to O
moderate O
pain O
, O
but O
not O
with O
severe O
pain O

For O
pain O
relief O
, O
ENS O
was O
significantly O
better O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
) O
than O
EMS O
; O
but O
for O
the O
improvement O
of O
ROM O
, O
EMS O
was O
significantly O
better O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
) O
than O
ENS O

It O
is O
concluded O
that O
ENS T
is O
more O
effective O
for O
immediate O
relief O
of O
myofascial D
trigger D
point D
pain D
than O
EMS T
, O
and O
EMS T
has O
a O
better O
effect O
on O
immediate O
release O
of O
muscle D
tightness D
than O
ENS T

Because O
activity O
and O
regular O
exercise O
are O
important O
factors O
to O
maintain O
general O
good O
health O
in O
senior O
citizens O
, O
we O
investigated O
whether O
senior O
dancing O
has O
any O
effect O
on O
peripheral O
or O
lumbar O
bone O
density O

We O
performed O
a O
prospective O
study O
over O
a12-mo O
period O
on O
bone O
density O
at O
a O
spinal O
and O
peripheral O
measuring O
site O
in O
28 O
female O
senior O
members O
( O
mean O
age O
: O
67 O
+/- O
2 O
yr O
) O
of O
a O
dancing O
group O
in O
Vienna O

Lumbar O
bone O
mineral O
density O
was O
assessed O
by O
quantitative O
computed O
tomography O
( O
qCT O
) O
and O
radial O
bone O
density O
by O
single O
photon O
absorptiometry O
of O
the O
distal O
forearm O

The O
mean O
training O
time O
per O
week O
was O
3.2 O
+/- O
0.8 O
h. O
In O
the O
entire O
group O
of O
female O
dancers O
, O
no O
significant O
effects O
of O
dancing O
on O
radial O
or O
lumbar O
bone O
density O
could O
be O
observed O

Linear O
regression O
analysis O
showed O
that O
the O
lower O
the O
qCT O
at O
the O
beginning O
of O
the O
observation O
period O
, O
the O
higher O
was O
the O
percentage O
increase O
of O
spinal O
qCT O
in O
the O
entire O
group O
during O
12 O
mo O
of O
dancing O
( O
r O
= O
0.52 O
, O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.0001 O
) O

For O
additional O
evaluation O
, O
females O
were O
divided O
into O
two O
subgroups O
, O
osteoporotic O
or O
nonosteoporotic O
, O
based O
on O
x-rays O
and O
lumbar O
bone O
mineral O
density O
( O
BMD O
) O
as O
measured O
by O
qCT O

The O
group O
classified O
as O
dancers O
with O
osteoporosis O
( O
group O
I O
) O
showed O
a O
significant O
increase O
in O
lumbar O
bone O
density O
, O
whereas O
in O
the O
group O
of O
dancers O
without O
signs O
of O
osteoporosis D
( O
group O
II O
) O
, O
BMD O
remained O
unchanged O

Additionally O
, O
radial O
bone O
density O
did O
not O
show O
any O
changes O
in O
either O
group O

Group O
I O
showed O
a O
significant O
correlation O
between O
basal O
spinal O
BMD O
and O
the O
percentage O
change O
of O
BMD O
during O
the O
observation O
period O
( O
r O
= O
0.7 O
, O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.001 O
) O

Changes O
of O
the O
biochemical O
parameters O
were O
observed O
in O
the O
bone-specific O
isoenzyme O
of O
alkaline O
phosphatase O
, O
a O
marker O
of O
osteoblastic O
activity O
, O
in O
group O
I O
giving O
additional O
evidence O
of O
increased O
bone O
formation O

OBJECTIVES O
: O
To O
estimate O
the O
prevalence O
of O
Chlamydia D
trachomatis D
in O
asymptomatic O
women O
attending O
general O
practice O
: O
to O
assess O
the O
potential O
of O
the O
ligase O
chain O
reaction O
as O
a O
screening O
tool O
; O
and O
to O
evaluate O
selective O
screening O
criteria O

DESIGN O
: O
Cross O
sectional O
survey O

SETTING O
: O
Four O
general O
practices O
in O
northeast O
London O

SUBJECTS O
: O
890 O
women O
aged O
18-35 O
years O
attending O
general O
practice O
for O
a O
cervical O
smear O
or O
a O
`` O
young O
well O
woman O
'' O
check O
between O
October O
1994 O
and O
January O
1996 O

The O
women O
were O
tested O
for O
C D
trachomatis D
with O
confirmed O
enzyme O
immunoassay O
( O
endocervical O
specimens O
) O
and O
ligase O
chain O
reaction O
assay O
on O
urine O
specimens O

MAIN O
OUTCOME O
MEASURES O
: O
Prevalence O
of O
C D
trachomatis D
infection D
in O
women O
aged O
18-35 O
on O
the O
basis O
of O
each O
test O
; O
sensitivity O
and O
specificity O
of O
both O
tests O
in O
this O
population O

RESULTS O
: O
Prevalence O
of O
confirmed O
infection O
was O
2.6 O
% O
( O
95 O
% O
confidence O
interval O
1.6 O
% O
to O
3.6 O
% O
) O
in O
all O
women O

Prevalence O
on O
the O
basis O
of O
enzyme O
immunoassay O
was O
1.6 O
% O
( O
0.8 O
% O
to O
2.7 O
% O
) O
, O
with O
a O
sensitivity O
of O
60 O
% O
and O
a O
specificity O
of O
100 O
% O

Prevalence O
on O
the O
basis O
of O
ligase O
chain O
reaction O
was O
2.5 O
% O
( O
1.5 O
% O
to O
3.9 O
% O
) O
, O
with O
90 O
% O
sensitivity O
and O
99.8 O
% O
specificity O

Screening O
all O
women O
aged O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
or O
= O
25 O
and O
all O
women O
who O
had O
had O
two O
or O
more O
partners O
in O
the O
past O
year O
would O
have O
detected O
87 O
% O
( O
20/23 O
) O
of O
infections O

CONCLUSION O
: O
Ligase O
chain O
reaction O
on O
urine O
samples O
performs O
at O
least O
as O
well O
as O
enzyme O
immunoassay O
on O
cervical O
specimens O
in O
this O
low O
prevalence O
population O

It O
offers O
potential O
as O
a O
non-invasive O
screening O
tool O

A O
simple O
selective O
screening O
strategy O
might O
be O
appropriate O
and O
would O
be O
able O
to O
detect O
most O
cases O
of O
infection D

However O
, O
a O
rigorous O
economic O
evaluation O
of O
possible O
screening O
strategies O
is O
needed O
first O

Recently O
, O
many O
advances O
have O
been O
made O
in O
the O
study O
of O
sexual O
differentiation O
, O
including O
the O
discoveries O
of O
the O
gene O
for O
antimÃ1/4llerian O
hormone O
as O
well O
as O
the O
gene O
for O
its O
receptor O

However O
, O
the O
etiology O
of O
the O
clinical O
syndrome O
of O
mÃ1/4llerian O
agenesis O
remains O
elusive O

We O
hypothesize O
that O
activating O
mutations O
of O
either O
the O
antimÃ1/4llerian O
hormone O
gene O
or O
its O
receptor O
gene O
may O
cause O
mÃ1/4llerian O
duct O
regression O
in O
a O
genetic O
female O
during O
embryogenesis O

This O
clinical O
commentary O
discusses O
the O
current O
management O
of O
the O
syndrome O
including O
the O
Abbe-McIndoe T
procedure T
, O
the O
most O
commonly O
used O
method O
of O
surgical T
correction T
, O
and O
the O
Frank T
vaginal T
dilation T
method T
, O
the O
most O
common O
nonsurgical O
method O
of O
correction O

OBJECTIVES O
: O
Obesity D
is O
an O
important O
clinical O
problem O
, O
and O
the O
use O
of O
dexfenfluramine T
hydrochloride T
for O
weight O
reduction O
has O
been O
widely O
publicized O
since O
its O
approval O
by O
the O
Food O
and O
Drug O
Administration O

However O
, O
animal O
and O
human O
studies O
have O
demonstrated O
toxic O
effects O
of O
fenfluramines T
that O
clinicians O
should O
be O
aware O
of O
when O
considering O
prescribing O
the O
drugs O

Our O
purpose O
was O
to O
systematically O
review O
data O
on O
brain O
serotonin O
neurotoxicity O
in O
animals O
treated O
with O
fenfluramines T
and O
the O
evidence O
linking O
fenfluramines T
to O
primary D
pulmonary D
hypertension D
( D
PPH D
) D

DATA O
SOURCES O
: O
Archival O
articles O
and O
reviews O
identified O
through O
a O
computerized O
search O
of O
MEDLINE O
from O
1966 O
to O
April O
1997 O
using O
`` O
fenfluramine O
( O
s O
) O
, O
'' O
`` O
serotonin O
, O
'' O
`` O
neurotoxicity O
, O
'' O
`` O
behavior O
, O
'' O
`` O
anorexigens O
, O
'' O
`` O
weight O
loss O
, O
'' O
and O
`` O
primary O
pulmonary O
hypertension O
'' O
as O
index O
terms O

STUDY O
SELECTION O
: O
Reports O
dealing O
with O
long-term O
effects O
of O
fenfluramines T
on O
brain O
serotonin O
neurons O
, O
body O
weight O
, O
and O
pulmonary O
function O
in O
animals O
and O
humans O

DATA O
EXTRACTION O
: O
Reports O
were O
reviewed O
by O
individuals O
with O
expertise O
in O
serotonin O
neurobiology O
, O
neurotoxicity O
, O
neuropsychiatry O
, O
and O
pulmonary O
medicine O
and O
evaluated O
for O
appropriateness O
for O
inclusion O
in O
this O
review O

DATA O
SYNTHESIS O
: O
Fenfluramines T
cause O
dose-related O
, O
long-lasting O
reductions O
in O
serotonin O
axonal O
markers O
in O
all O
the O
animal O
species O
tested O
and O
with O
all O
the O
routes O
of O
drug O
administration O
used O

Doses O
of O
fenfluramines O
that O
produce O
signs O
of O
brain O
serotonin O
neurotoxicity O
in O
animals O
are O
on O
the O
same O
order O
as O
those O
used O
to O
treat O
humans O
for O
weight O
loss O
when O
one O
takes O
into O
account O
known O
relations O
between O
body O
mass O
and O
drug O
clearance O

However O
, O
no O
human O
studies O
have O
been O
conducted O
, O
and O
the O
pathological O
and O
clinical O
potential O
for O
neurotoxicity O
in O
humans O
is O
unknown O

Appetite O
suppressants-most O
commonly O
fenfluramines T
-increase O
the O
risk O
of O
developing O
PPH D
( O
odds O
ratio O
, O
6.3 O
) O
, O
particularly O
when O
used O
for O
more O
than O
3 O
months O
( O
odds O
ratio O
, O
> O
20 O
) O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Fenfluramine T
and O
dexfenfluramine T
have O
been O
demonstrated O
to O
damage O
brain O
serotonin O
neurons O
in O
animal O
studies O

It O
is O
not O
known O
if O
such O
damage O
occurs O
in O
humans O
or O
if O
there O
are O
clinical O
consequences O

Use O
of O
fenfluramines T
is O
associated O
with O
an O
increased O
risk O
of O
PPH D

Future O
studies O
should O
address O
the O
long-term O
consequences O
of O
prolonged O
use O
of O
fenfluramines T

Moxonidine T
( T
Physiotens-Solvay T
) T
was O
introduced O
last O
year O
as O
the O
first O
of O
a O
new O
class O
of O
centrally-acting O
antihypertensive T
agents T
, O
the O
selective O
imidazoline O
receptor O
agonists O

The O
manufacturer O
claims O
that O
moxonidine T
`` O
accurately O
targets O
imidazoline O
receptors O
at O
the O
cardiovascular O
control O
centre O
in O
the O
brainstem O
'' O
and O
is O
`` O
as O
effective O
as O
current O
first-line O
therapies O
for O
essential D
hypertension D
`` O

Other O
claims O
suggest O
that O
it O
causes O
fewer O
unwanted O
effects O
than O
older O
centrally-acting O
antihypertensive T
drugs T
such O
as O
clonidine T
and O
methyldopa T

Is O
moxonidine T
a O
useful O
addition O
to O
the O
growing O
number O
of O
antihypertensives O
on O
the O
market O
? O

This O
article O
discusses O
dental O
anxiety O
and O
phobia O

The O
author O
presents O
background O
information O
, O
including O
incidence O
and O
etiology O

A O
discussion O
of O
evaluative O
techniques O
for O
assessing O
anxiety O
levels O
follows O

Examination O
and O
treatment O
planning O
are O
considered O
in O
relation O
to O
this O
patient O
's O
special O
needs O

The O
article O
stresses O
behavioral O
treatment O
modalities O
that O
eliminate O
the O
debilitating O
phobia O

In O
closing O
, O
the O
author O
presents O
practical O
information O
regarding O
prevention O
of O
dental O
phobia O
and O
the O
merits O
of O
incorporating O
this O
type O
of O
patient O
into O
a O
dental O
practice O

In O
order O
to O
evaluate O
the O
applicability O
of O
anthelminthic T
treatment T
of O
wild O
foxes O
( O
Vulpes O
vulpes O
) O
to O
limit O
their O
infection D
with D
Echinococcus D
multilocularis D
, O
bait O
pellets O
, O
each O
containing O
50 O
mg O
praziquantel T
, O
were O
repeatedly O
distributed O
in O
an O
area O
of O
566 O
km2 O
where O
many O
foxes O
are O
infected O
, O
in O
southern O
Germany O

After O
six O
baiting O
campaigns O
( O
15-20 O
baits/km2 O
) O
over O
a O
period O
of O
14 O
months O
, O
the O
prevalence O
of O
the O
cestode O
in O
foxes O
, O
initially O
32 O
% O
, O
had O
fallen O
to O
4 O
% O

The O
effect O
was O
most O
pronounced O
in O
the O
central O
part O
of O
the O
treated O
area O
, O
where O
no O
positive O
fox O
was O
found O
in O
the O
2 O
months O
before O
the O
end O
of O
the O
trial O

The O
study O
was O
controlled O
for O
other O
factors O
that O
could O
influence O
the O
parasite O
's O
prevalence O
, O
such O
as O
the O
availability O
of O
intermediate O
hosts O

While O
the O
potential O
of O
this O
baiting O
method O
to O
remove O
E O

multilocularis O
from O
wild O
hosts O
has O
been O
demonstrated O
, O
the O
question O
of O
its O
long-term O
efficacy O
and O
other O
unresolved O
problems O
have O
to O
be O
addressed O
by O
consecutive O
studies O
before O
routine O
application O
can O
be O
recommended O

In O
patients O
with O
chronic D
myeloid D
leukemia D
( D
CML D
) D
, O
the O
neoplastic O
( O
BCR-ABL+ O
) O
progenitor O
cells O
are O
characterized O
by O
an O
increased O
proliferative O
activity O

Whether O
these O
cells O
are O
also O
resistant O
to O
apoptosis O
and O
if O
so O
, O
under O
what O
conditions O
remains O
controversial O

We O
now O
show O
that O
highly O
purified O
populations O
of O
very O
primitive O
neoplastic O
progenitor O
cells O
obtained O
directly O
from O
CML O
patients O
survive O
and O
proliferate O
in O
vitro O
for O
several O
weeks O
in O
the O
absence O
of O
any O
added O
growth O
factors O
( O
except O
insulin O
) O

In O
contrast O
, O
purified O
primary O
normal O
progenitors O
maintained O
under O
the O
same O
conditions O
die O
rapidly O

Nevertheless O
, O
both O
primary O
CML O
cells O
and O
BCR-ABL+ O
BAF3 O
cells O
show O
the O
same O
dose-dependent O
sensitivity O
to O
TNF-alpha O
or O
ceramide-induced O
apoptosis O
as O
their O
respective O
normal O
counterparts O

In O
fact O
, O
time O
course O
studies O
demonstrated O
an O
even O
faster O
onset O
of O
apoptosis O
in O
ceramide-treated O
BCR-ABL+ O
BAF3 O
cells O
as O
compared O
to O
normal O
controls O

BCR-ABL+ O
cells O
treated O
with O
ceramide O
also O
showed O
a O
rapid O
and O
sequential O
increase O
in O
the O
tyrosine O
phosphorylation O
of O
p210 O
( O
BCR-ABL O
) O
, O
p46-56SHC O
and O
p120Cbl O

These O
findings O
suggest O
growth O
factor O
deprivation O
and O
treatment O
with O
TNF-alpha O
or O
ceramide O
trigger O
different O
initial O
events O
both O
of O
which O
can O
lead O
to O
apoptosis O
in O
factor-dependent O
hematopoietic O
cells O

However O
, O
in O
the O
first O
case O
, O
activation O
of O
apoptosis O
is O
blocked O
by O
the O
basal O
activity O
of O
p210 O
( O
BCR-ABL O
) O
, O
whereas O
in O
the O
second O
, O
the O
presence O
of O
p210 O
( O
BCR-ABL O
) O
appears O
to O
accelerate O
the O
onset O
of O
apoptosis O
by O
a O
mechanism O
that O
may O
involve O
an O
activation O
of O
its O
kinase O
function O

Clinically O
, O
the O
hallmark O
of O
the O
human D
amnesic D
syndrome D
is O
an O
impaired O
ability O
to O
consciously O
recollect O
or O
remember O
daily O
events O

If O
the O
medial O
region O
of O
the O
temporal O
lobes O
, O
including O
the O
hippocampus O
and O
related O
structures O
, O
is O
critical O
for O
establishing O
these O
new O
memories O
, O
then O
this O
brain O
region O
should O
be O
active O
whenever O
events O
are O
experienced O
, O
regardless O
of O
whether O
subjects O
are O
asked O
explicitly O
to O
learn O
and O
remember O

Here O
we O
show O
that O
the O
medial O
temporal O
region O
is O
active O
during O
encoding O
and O
that O
the O
hemisphere O
activated O
and O
the O
amount O
of O
activation O
depend O
on O
the O
type O
of O
stimulus O
presented O
( O
objects O
or O
words O
) O
, O
whether O
the O
stimulus O
can O
be O
encoded O
for O
meaning O
( O
real O
objects O
and O
words O
versus O
nonsense O
objects O
and O
words O
) O
, O
and O
task O
experience O
( O
first O
versus O
the O
second O
time O
a O
task O
is O
performed O
) O

These O
findings O
demonstrate O
that O
the O
medial O
temporal O
lobe O
memory O
system O
is O
engaged O
automatically O
when O
we O
attend O
to O
a O
perceptual O
event O
and O
that O
the O
location O
and O
amount O
of O
activation O
depend O
on O
stimulus O
characteristics O
( O
physical O
form O
, O
meaning O
) O
and O
experience O

The O
involvement O
of O
structures O
in O
the O
medial O
temporal O
lobe O
during O
the O
encoding O
of O
visual O
associations O
was O
studied O
with O
functional O
magnetic O
resonance O
imaging O

In O
11 O
out O
of O
12 O
normal O
healthy O
volunteers O
this O
task O
resulted O
in O
activation O
in O
posterior O
portions O
of O
the O
parahippocampal O
region O
, O
close O
to O
the O
collateral O
sulcus O

In O
seven O
subjects O
activation O
was O
encountered O
in O
the O
hippocampal O
formation O

The O
visual O
association O
task O
as O
adapted O
for O
this O
study O
may O
provide O
a O
sensitive O
measure O
to O
study O
anterograde O
amnesia O
prevalent O
in O
Alzheimer O
's O
disease O

Therefore O
, O
the O
present O
paradigm O
enables O
the O
study O
of O
individual O
changes O
in O
learning O
and O
memory O
capacities O
over O
time O

Altered O
calcium O
( O
Ca2+ O
) O
homeostasis O
is O
thought O
to O
play O
a O
key O
role O
in O
aging O
and O
neuropathology O
resulting O
in O
memory O
deficits O

Several O
forms O
of O
hippocampal O
synaptic O
plasticity O
are O
dependent O
on O
Ca2+ O
, O
providing O
a O
potential O
link O
between O
altered O
Ca2+ O
homeostasis O
and O
memory O
deficits O
associated O
with O
aging O

The O
current O
study O
reviews O
evidence O
for O
Ca2+ O
dysregulation O
during O
aging O
which O
could O
interact O
with O
Ca O
( O
2+ O
) O
-dependent O
synaptic O
plasticity O

The O
authors O
suggest O
that O
changes O
in O
Ca2+ O
regulation O
could O
adjust O
the O
thresholds O
for O
synaptic O
modification O
, O
favoring O
processes O
for O
depression O
of O
synaptic O
strength O
during O
aging O

Transiently O
evolked O
otoacoustic O
emissions O
( O
TEOAE O
) O
have O
been O
reported O
in O
several O
studies O
as O
absent O
in O
a O
small O
minority O
of O
normal O
ears O

Other O
studies O
have O
reported O
TEOAEs O
in O
all O
normal O
ears O

Differences O
between O
studies O
may O
arise O
directly O
from O
criteria O
for O
TEOAE O
identification O
, O
criteria O
for O
selection O
of O
normals O
, O
or O
statistically O
due O
to O
limited O
sample O
sizes O

In O
order O
to O
understand O
and O
model O
cochlear O
processes O
involved O
in O
TEOAE O
generation O
, O
it O
needs O
to O
be O
known O
whether O
the O
presence O
of O
normal O
hearing O
leads O
automatically O
to O
generation O
of O
TEOAEs O

The O
present O
study O
set O
out O
to O
establish O
in O
a O
large O
sample O
if O
any O
ears O
could O
be O
found O
that O
lacked O
TEOAEs O
despite O
normal O
hearing O
threshold O
levels O
( O
HTL O
) O

A O
total O
of O
397 O
ears O
from O
highly O
cooperative O
adult O
subjects O
were O
examined O
under O
laboratory O
conditions O

Using O
cross O
correlation O
between O
replicate O
nonlinear O
waveforms O
as O
the O
criterion O
, O
TEOAEs O
were O
present O
in O
99.2 O
% O
of O
the O
sample O
( O
lower O
CI O
98.1 O
% O
) O

However O
, O
careful O
visual O
assessment O
of O
the O
recorded O
waveforms O
for O
the O
remaining O
ears O
did O
not O
unequivocally O
show O
absence O
of O
TEOAE O
characteristics O
in O
any O
ear O
with O
normal O
HTLs O

While O
TEOAE O
strength O
varies O
widely O
among O
ears O
, O
no O
clear O
evidence O
was O
found O
to O
show O
that O
TEOAEs O
can O
be O
absent O
when O
HTLs O
are O
normal O

In O
addition O
to O
a O
long O
form O
of O
591 O
amino O
acids O
( O
aa O
) O
, O
two O
other O
forms O
of O
PRL O
receptor O
( O
PRLR O
) O
, O
differing O
in O
the O
length O
of O
their O
cytoplasmic O
domains O
, O
have O
been O
identified O
in O
the O
rat O

The O
Nb2 O
form O
, O
lacking O
198 O
aa O
in O
the O
cytoplasmic O
domain O
, O
is O
able O
to O
transmit O
a O
lactogenic O
signal O
similar O
to O
the O
long O
form O
, O
whereas O
the O
short O
form O
of O
291 O
aa O
is O
inactive O

The O
ability O
of O
PRL O
to O
activate O
the O
promoter O
of O
the O
beta-casein O
gene O
or O
the O
lactogenic O
hormone O
responsive O
element O
fused O
to O
the O
luciferase O
reporter O
was O
assessed O
in O
Chinese O
hamster O
ovary O
cells O
or O
293 O
fibroblasts O
transiently O
transfected O
with O
PRLR O
cDNAs O

The O
function O
of O
the O
short O
form O
was O
examined O
after O
cotransfection O
of O
both O
the O
long O
and O
short O
forms O

These O
results O
clearly O
show O
that O
the O
short O
form O
acts O
as O
a O
dominant O
negative O
inhibitor O
through O
the O
formation O
of O
inactive O
heterodimers O
, O
resulting O
in O
an O
inhibition O
of O
Janus O
kinase O
2 O
( O
JAK2 O
) O
activation O

The O
present O
study O
also O
investigates O
the O
possible O
participation O
of O
cytoplasmic O
receptors O
in O
the O
signal O
transduction O
pathway O
, O
using O
cotransfection O
experiments O
and O
a O
new O
approach O
that O
selectively O
determines O
the O
contribution O
of O
cytoplasmic O
receptors O
in O
the O
process O
of O
signal O
transduction O

We O
cotransfected O
Chinese O
hamster O
ovary O
cells O
with O
two O
cDNA O
constructs O
: O
a O
cytoplasmic O
( O
soluble O
) O
form O
of O
the O
receptor O
with O
a O
deleted O
signal O
peptide O
( O
delta-19 O
) O
, O
which O
is O
unable O
to O
bind O
PRL O
, O
and O
a O
functionally O
inactive O
receptor O
mutant O
( O
lacking O
box O
1 O
) O
, O
which O
is O
anchored O
in O
the O
plasma O
membrane O
and O
able O
to O
bind O
PRL O

This O
approach O
has O
allowed O
us O
to O
show O
that O
delta-19 O
, O
lacking O
expression O
at O
the O
plasma O
membrane O
, O
can O
transduce O
the O
hormonal O
message O
, O
at O
least O
to O
a O
limited O
extent O
( O
up O
to O
30 O
% O
of O
wild O
type O
efficiency O
) O
, O
providing O
that O
association/activation O
occurs O
with O
a O
PRL-PRLR O
complex O
initiated O
at O
the O
cell O
surface O
level O
; O
box O
1 O
of O
the O
cytoplasmic O
form O
is O
necessary O
to O
rescue O
this O
partial O
transcriptional O
activity O
of O
the O
inactive O
mutant O

This O
partial O
recovery O
is O
also O
parallel O
to O
the O
partial O
activation O
of O
JAK2 O
, O
indicating O
that O
the O
signal O
transduction O
pathway O
implicated O
JAK2 O

Our O
results O
provide O
evidence O
that O
heterodimerization O
of O
receptors O
can O
be O
implicated O
either O
in O
the O
positive O
or O
in O
negative O
activation O
of O
gene O
transcription O

BACKGROUND O
: O
Inadequate O
dietary O
intake O
of O
calcium O
and O
vitamin O
D O
may O
contribute O
to O
the O
high O
prevalence O
of O
osteoporosis D
among O
older O
persons O

METHODS O
: O
We O
studied O
the O
effects O
of O
three O
years O
of O
dietary O
supplementation O
with O
calcium O
and O
vitamin O
D O
on O
bone O
mineral O
density O
, O
biochemical O
measures O
of O
bone O
metabolism O
, O
and O
the O
incidence O
of O
nonvertebral O
fractures O
in O
176 O
men O
and O
213 O
women O
65 O
years O
of O
age O
or O
older O
who O
were O
living O
at O
home O

They O
received O
either O
500 O
mg O
of O
calcium O
plus O
700 O
IU O
of O
vitamin O
D3 O
( O
cholecalciferol O
) O
per O
day O
or O
placebo O

Bone O
mineral O
density O
was O
measured O
by O
dual-energy O
x-ray O
absorptiometry O
, O
blood O
and O
urine O
were O
analyzed O
every O
six O
months O
, O
and O
cases O
of O
nonvertebral O
fracture O
were O
ascertained O
by O
means O
of O
interviews O
and O
verified O
with O
use O
of O
hospital O
records O

RESULTS O
: O
The O
mean O
( O
+/-SD O
) O
changes O
in O
bone O
mineral O
density O
in O
the O
calcium-vitamin O
D O
and O
placebo O
groups O
were O
as O
follows O
: O
femoral O
neck O
, O
+0.50+/-4.80 O
and O
-0.70+/-5.03 O
percent O
, O
respectively O
( O
P=0.02 O
) O
; O
spine O
, O
+2.12+/-4.06 O
and O
+1.22+/-4.25 O
percent O
( O
P=0.04 O
) O
; O
and O
total O
body O
, O
+0.06+/-1.83 O
and O
-1.09+/-1.71 O
percent O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.001 O
) O

The O
difference O
between O
the O
calcium-vitamin O
D O
and O
placebo O
groups O
was O
significant O
at O
all O
skeletal O
sites O
after O
one O
year O
, O
but O
it O
was O
significant O
only O
for O
total-body O
bone O
mineral O
density O
in O
the O
second O
and O
third O
years O

Of O
37 O
subjects O
who O
had O
nonvertebral O
fractures O
, O
26 O
were O
in O
the O
placebo O
group O
and O
11 O
were O
in O
the O
calcium-vitamin O
D O
group O
( O
P=0.02 O
) O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
In O
men O
and O
women O
65 O
years O
of O
age O
or O
older O
who O
are O
living O
in O
the O
community O
, O
dietary T
supplementation T
with T
calcium T
and T
vitamin T
D T
moderately O
reduced O
bone D
loss D
measured O
in O
the O
femoral O
neck O
, O
spine O
, O
and O
total O
body O
over O
the O
three-year O
study O
period O
and O
reduced O
the O
incidence O
of O
nonvertebral D
fractures D

The O
sterilization O
and O
contaminated O
waste O
disposal O
practices O
in O
all O
14 O
dental O
clinics O
operated O
by O
the O
Southern O
Sydney O
Area O
Health O
Service O
were O
surveyed O

All O
of O
the O
clinics O
used O
autoclaves O
for O
sterilization O

All O
hand O
instruments O
, O
handpieces O
and O
triplex O
syringes O
were O
autoclaved O
between O
patients O

Chemical O
disinfection O
solutions O
were O
used O
in O
12 O
of O
the O
14 O
dental O
clinics O
, O
mainly O
for O
surface O
decontamination O

Five O
dental O
clinics O
had O
separate O
storage O
areas O
for O
contaminated O
waste O
which O
compiled O
with O
contaminated O
waste O
separation O
and O
disposal O
guidelines O

The O
practice O
of O
recapping O
needles O
with O
fingers O
and O
some O
inadequate O
washing O
facilities O
are O
areas O
that O
require O
particular O
attention O

Safety O
and O
efficacy O
are O
crucial O
but O
separate O
issues O
for O
vitamin O
and O
mineral O
supplements O

Misinterpretation O
of O
`` O
safe O
and O
adequate O
'' O
to O
mean O
`` O
safety O
limit O
'' O
would O
impose O
restrictions O
on O
vitamin O
and O
mineral O
intakes O
that O
are O
not O
needed O
to O
ensure O
safety O

Substantial O
evidence O
indicates O
that O
intakes O
greater O
than O
the O
recommended O
dietary O
allowances O
( O
RDAs O
) O
of O
certain O
vitamins O
and O
minerals O
such O
as O
calcium O
, O
folic O
acid O
, O
vitamin O
E O
, O
selenium O
, O
and O
chromium O
reduce O
the O
risk O
of O
certain O
diseases O
for O
some O
people O

Limitation O
of O
intakes O
to O
the O
RDAs O
would O
preclude O
reductions O
in O
disease O
risk O
from O
these O
nutrients O

The O
margin O
of O
safety O
between O
the O
usual O
dietary O
intake O
and O
the O
intake O
that O
would O
produce O
adverse O
effects O
varies O
greatly O
among O
the O
different O
nutrients O

Very O
high O
intakes O
of O
vitamins O
A O
and O
D O
, O
niacin O
, O
pyridoxine O
, O
and O
selenium O
have O
produced O
adverse O
effects O

Many O
widely O
discussed O
putative O
adverse O
effects O
of O
vitamin O
C O
, O
vitamin O
E O
, O
and O
trivalent O
chromium O
have O
little O
factual O
basis O

There O
is O
no O
evidence O
of O
adverse O
effects O
from O
beta-carotene O
supplements O
except O
in O
current O
heavy O
smokers O

The O
mutator O
hypothesis O
of O
tumorigenesis O
suggests O
that O
loss O
of O
chromosomal O
stability O
or O
maintenance O
functions O
results O
in O
elevated O
mutation O
rates O
, O
leading O
to O
the O
accumulation O
of O
the O
numerous O
mutations O
required O
for O
multistep O
carcinogenesis O

The O
human O
DNA O
mismatch O
repair O
( O
MMR O
) O
genes O
are O
highly O
conserved O
homologues O
of O
the O
Escherichia O
coli O
MutHLS O
system O
, O
which O
contribute O
to O
genomic O
stability O
by O
surveillance O
and O
repair O
of O
replication O
misincorporation O
errors O
and O
exogenous O
DNA O
damage O

Mutations O
in O
one O
of O
these O
MMR O
genes O
, O
hMSH2 O
, O
account O
for O
about O
half O
of O
all O
cases O
of O
genetically O
linked O
hereditary O
non-polyposis O
colorectal O
cancer O

Loss O
of O
function O
of O
p53 O
has O
also O
been O
proposed O
to O
increase O
cellular O
hypermutability O
, O
thereby O
accelerating O
carcinogenesis O
, O
although O
a O
clear O
role O
for O
p53 O
in O
genomic O
instability O
remains O
controversial O

p53 O
is O
mutated O
frequently O
in O
a O
wide O
range O
of O
human O
cancers D
, O
including O
colonic D
tumours D

Both O
Msh2- O
and O
p53-targeted O
knockout O
mice O
are O
viable O
and O
susceptible O
to O
cancer D

Here O
we O
demonstrate O
that O
combined O
Msh2 O
and O
p53 O
ablation O
( O
Msh2-/-p53-/- O
) O
results O
in O
developmental O
arrest O
of O
all O
female O
embryos O
at O
9.5 O
days O

In O
contrast O
, O
male O
Msh2-/-p53-/- O
mice O
are O
viable O
, O
but O
succumb O
to O
tumours D
significantly O
earlier O
( O
t1-2 O
is O
73 O
days O
) O
than O
either O
Msh2-/- O
or O
p53-/- O
littermates O

Furthermore O
, O
the O
frequency O
of O
microsatellite O
instability O
( O
MSI O
) O
in O
tumours O
from O
Msh2-/-p53-/- O
mice O
is O
not O
significantly O
different O
than O
in O
Msh2-/- O
mice O

Synergism O
in O
tumorigenesis O
and O
independent O
segregation O
of O
the O
MSI O
phenotype O
suggest O
that O
Msh2 O
and O
p53 O
are O
not O
genetically O
epistatic O

Our O
data O
( O
Reddy O
et O
al O
. O
, O
Radiat O

Res O

141 O
, O
252-258 O
, O
1995 O
) O
on O
the O
kinetics O
of O
the O
repair O
of O
potentially O
lethal O
damage O
in O
log-phase O
Chinese O
hamster O
V79 O
cells O
are O
used O
to O
test O
some O
predictions O
which O
arise O
from O
the O
different O
assumptions O
of O
the O
repair-misrepair O
( O
RMR O
) O
( O
C O

A O

Tobias O
, O
Radiat O

Res O

104 O
, O
S77-S95 O
, O
1985 O
) O
, O
lethal-potentially O
lethal O
( O
LPL O
) O
( O
S. O
B O

Curtis O
, O
Radiat O

Res O

106 O
, O
252-270 O
, O
1986 O
) O
and O
double-strand O
break O
( O
DSB O
) O
( O
J O

Y O

Ostashevsky O
, O
Radiat O

Res O

118 O
, O
437-466 O
, O
1989 O
) O
models O

The O
LPL O
model O
defines O
the O
time O
available O
for O
repair O
of O
PLD O
( O
t O
( O
rep O
) O
) O
as O
the O
time O
taken O
to O
reach O
maximal O
survival O
in O
a O
delayed-plating O
recovery O
experiment O

Those O
data O
show O
that O
after O
this O
time O
has O
elapsed O
, O
contrary O
to O
the O
expectation O
of O
the O
LPL O
model O
, O
survival O
can O
be O
increased O
by O
changing O
the O
medium O
used O
for O
delayed O
plating O
from O
fresh O
growth O
medium O
to O
conditioned O
medium O

According O
to O
the O
RMR O
model O
, O
all O
potentially O
lethal O
lesions O
should O
also O
be O
committed O
by O
that O
time O
and O
be O
unavailable O
for O
repair O
in O
the O
new O
medium O

Only O
the O
DSB O
model O
correctly O
predicted O
that O
PLD O
( O
= O
DSBs O
) O
would O
still O
be O
available O
for O
repair O
after O
that O
time O

Second O
, O
data O
for O
split-dose O
recovery O
are O
used O
to O
predict O
the O
first-order O
kinetics O
time O
constant O
for O
DSB O
repair O
( O
tau O
( O
DSBR O
) O
) O
using O
the O
DSB O
model O
( O
24 O
+/- O
1.5 O
min O
) O

This O
value O
is O
nearly O
identical O
to O
the O
value O
of O
27 O
+/- O
1 O
min O
determined O
from O
the O
data O
obtained O
by O
Cheong O
et O
al O
. O
using O
pulsed-field O
gel O
electrophoresis O
( O
PFGE O
) O
( O
Mutat O

Res O

274 O
, O
111-122 O
, O
1992 O
) O

The O
value O
based O
on O
PFGE O
is O
used O
to O
calculate O
the O
value O
of O
t O
( O
rep O
) O
predicted O
by O
the O
DSB O
model O
( O
2.6 O
+/- O
0.1 O
h O
) O
, O
which O
agrees O
with O
the O
value O
determined O
experimentally O
as O
the O
time O
when O
changing O
the O
delayed-plating O
medium O
from O
growth O
medium O
to O
conditioned O
medium O
no O
longer O
gives O
the O
full O
recovery O
seen O
with O
delayed O
plating O
in O
conditioned O
medium O
( O
2.5 O
h O
) O

However O
, O
some O
recovery O
was O
seen O
for O
a O
change O
in O
the O
medium O
( O
growth O
medium O
to O
conditioned O
medium O
) O
up O
to O
5-6 O
h O
postirradiation O

Reanalysis O
of O
the O
original O
data O
on O
DSB O
repair O
shows O
that O
they O
are O
consistent O
with O
two O
first-order O
repair O
rates O
( O
18 O
+/- O
7 O
min O
and O
about O
52 O
min O
) O

These O
results O
are O
consistent O
with O
two O
pools O
of O
DSBs O
( O
or O
cells O
) O
, O
each O
with O
their O
own O
t O
( O
rep O
) O

The O
early O
t O
( O
rep O
) O
, O
associated O
with O
tau O
( O
fast O
) O
, O
is O
predicted O
to O
be O
1.7 O
+/- O
0.7 O
h O
, O
and O
the O
late O
t O
( O
rep O
) O
, O
associated O
with O
tau O
( O
slow O
) O
, O
is O
predicted O
to O
be O
about O
5 O
h. O
Both O
values O
are O
in O
excellent O
agreement O
with O
the O
times O
at O
which O
changing O
from O
growth O
medium O
to O
conditioned O
medium O
no O
longer O
gives O
the O
full O
recovery O
seen O
in O
conditioned O
medium O
only O
( O
the O
early O
t O
( O
rep O
) O
) O
, O
and O
the O
time O
when O
changing O
from O
growth O
medium O
to O
conditioned O
medium O
produces O
no O
further O
increase O
in O
survival O
( O
the O
late O
t O
( O
rep O
) O
) O
, O
respectively O

It O
is O
noted O
that O
attempts O
to O
correlate O
radiosensitivity O
with O
the O
rates O
of O
DSB O
repair O
, O
rather O
than O
using O
an O
explicit O
model O
such O
as O
the O
DSB O
model O
, O
are O
unlikely O
to O
be O
productive O
since O
survival O
depends O
on O
both O
tau O
( O
DSBR O
) O
and O
t O
( O
rep O
) O
( O
as O
defined O
in O
the O
DSB O
model O
) O
and O
the O
latter O
may O
be O
the O
more O
important O
determinant O
of O
radiosensitivity O
( O
as O
it O
appears O
to O
be O
for O
ataxia O
telangiectasia O
cells O
compared O
to O
normal O
fibroblasts O
and O
for O
irs O
compared O
to O
V79 O
cells O
) O

CONTEXT O
: O
Adolescents O
' O
concerns O
about O
privacy O
in O
clinical O
settings O
decrease O
their O
willingness O
to O
seek O
health O
care O
for O
sensitive O
problems O
and O
may O
inhibit O
their O
communication O
with O
physicians O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
investigate O
the O
influence O
of O
physicians O
' O
assurances O
of O
confidentiality O
on O
adolescents O
' O
willingness O
to O
disclose O
information O
and O
seek O
future O
health O
care O

DESIGN O
: O
Randomized O
controlled O
trial O

SETTING O
: O
Three O
suburban O
public O
high O
schools O
in O
California O

PARTICIPANTS O
: O
The O
562 O
participating O
adolescents O
represented O
92 O
% O
of O
students O
in O
mandatory O
classes O

INTERVENTION O
: O
After O
random O
assignment O
to O
1 O
of O
3 O
groups O
, O
the O
adolescents O
listened O
to O
a O
standardized O
audiotape O
depiction O
of O
an O
office O
visit O
during O
which O
they O
heard O
a O
physician O
who O
assured O
unconditional O
confidentiality O
, O
a O
physician O
who O
assured O
conditional O
confidentiality O
, O
or O
a O
physician O
who O
did O
not O
mention O
confidentiality O

MAIN O
OUTCOME O
MEASURES O
: O
Adolescents O
' O
willingness O
to O
disclose O
general O
information O
, O
willingness O
to O
disclose O
information O
about O
sensitive O
topics O
, O
intended O
honesty O
, O
and O
likelihood O
of O
return O
visits O
to O
the O
physician O
depicted O
in O
the O
scenario O
were O
assessed O
by O
anonymous O
written O
questionnaire O

RESULTS O
: O
Assurances O
of O
confidentiality O
increased O
the O
number O
of O
adolescents O
willing O
to O
disclose O
sensitive O
information O
about O
sexuality O
, O
substance O
use O
, O
and O
mental O
health O
from O
39 O
% O
( O
68/175 O
) O
to O
46.5 O
% O
( O
178/383 O
) O
( O
beta=.10 O
, O
P=.02 O
) O
and O
increased O
the O
number O
willing O
to O
seek O
future O
health O
care O
from O
53 O
% O
( O
93/175 O
) O
to O
67 O
% O
( O
259/386 O
) O
( O
beta=.17 O
, O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
.001 O
) O

When O
comparing O
the O
unconditional O
with O
the O
conditional O
groups O
, O
assurances O
of O
unconditional O
confidentiality O
increased O
the O
number O
of O
adolescents O
willing O
to O
return O
for O
a O
future O
visit O
by O
10 O
percentage O
points O
, O
from O
62 O
% O
( O
122/196 O
) O
to O
72 O
% O
( O
137/190 O
) O
( O
beta=.14 O
, O
P=.001 O
) O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Adolescents O
are O
more O
willing O
to O
communicate O
with O
and O
seek O
health O
care O
from O
physicians O
who O
assure O
confidentiality O

Further O
investigation O
is O
needed O
to O
identify O
a O
confidentiality O
assurance O
statement O
that O
explains O
the O
legal O
and O
ethical O
limitations O
of O
confidentiality O
without O
decreasing O
adolescents O
' O
likelihood O
of O
seeking O
future O
health O
care O
for O
routine O
and O
nonreportable O
sensitive O
health O
concerns O

BACKGROUND O
: O
Diabetic O
foot D
infections D
cause O
substantial O
morbidity O
and O
mortality O

Neutrophil O
superoxide O
generation O
, O
a O
crucial O
part O
of O
neutrophil O
bactericidal O
activity O
, O
is O
impaired O
in O
diabetes D

Granulocyte-colony O
stimulating O
factor O
( O
G-CSF O
) O
increases O
the O
release O
of O
neutrophils O
from O
the O
bone O
marrow O
and O
improves O
neutrophil O
function O

We O
assessed O
G-CSF T
as O
adjuvant O
therapy O
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
severe D
foot D
infections D
in D
diabetic D
patients D

METHODS O
: O
40 O
diabetic O
patients O
with O
foot D
infections D
were O
enrolled O
in O
a O
double-blind O
placebo-controlled O
study O

On O
admission O
, O
patients O
were O
randomly O
assigned O
G-CSF T
( T
filgrastim T
) T
therapy T
( O
n O
= O
20 O
) O
or O
placebo O
( O
n O
= O
20 O
) O
for O
7 O
days O

Both O
groups O
received O
similar O
antibiotic T
and T
insulin T
treatment T

Neutrophils O
from O
the O
peripheral O
blood O
of O
these O
participants O
and O
from O
healthy O
controls O
were O
stimulated O
with O
opsonised O
zymosan O
, O
and O
superoxide O
production O
was O
measured O
by O
a O
spectrophotometric O
assay O
( O
reduction O
of O
ferricytochrome O
C O
) O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
FINDINGS O
: O
G-CSF O
therapy O
was O
associated O
with O
earlier O
eradication O
of O
pathogens O
from O
the O
infected O
ulcer O
( O
median O
4 O
( O
range O
2-10 O
) O
vs O
8 O
( O
2-79 O
) O
days O
in O
the O
placebo O
group O
; O
p O
= O
0.02 O
) O
, O
quicker O
resolution O
of O
cellulitis O
< O
( O
7 O
( O
5-20 O
) O
vs O
12 O
( O
5-93 O
) O
days O
; O
p O
= O
0.03 O
) O
, O
shorter O
hospital O
stay O
( O
10 O
( O
7-31 O
) O
vs O
17.5 O
( O
9-100 O
) O
days O
; O
p O
= O
0.02 O
) O
, O
and O
a O
shorter O
duration O
of O
intravenous O
antibiotic O
treatment O
( O
8.5 O
( O
5-30 O
) O
vs O
14.5 O
( O
8-63 O
) O
days O
; O
p O
= O
0.02 O
) O

No O
G-CSF-treated O
patient O
needed O
surgery T
, O
whereas O
two O
placebo O
recipients O
underwent O
to O
amputation T
and O
two O
had O
extensive O
debridement T
under O
anaesthesia O

After O
7 O
days O
' O
treatment O
, O
neutrophil O
superoxide O
production O
was O
significantly O
higher O
in O
the O
G-CSF O
group O
than O
in O
the O
placebo O
group O
( O
16.1 O
( O
4.2-24.2 O
) O
vs O
7.3 O
( O
2.1-11.5 O
) O
nmol O
per O
10 O
( O
6 O
) O
neutrophils O
in O
30 O
min O
; O
p O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.0001 O
) O

G-CSF T
therapy T
was O
generally O
well O
tolerated O

INTERPRETATION O
: O
G-CSF T
treatment T
was O
associated O
with O
improved O
clinical O
outcome O
of O
foot D
infection D
in D
diabetic D
patients D

This O
improvement O
may O
be O
related O
to O
an O
increase O
in O
neutrophil O
superoxide O
production O

BACKGROUND O
: O
Accelerated T
infusion T
of T
alteplase T
( T
tissue T
plasminogen T
activator T
) T
over O
a O
period O
of O
90 O
minutes O
induces O
more O
rapid O
lysis O
of O
coronary-artery D
thrombi D
than O
a O
3-hour O
infusion O

With O
two O
bolus O
doses O
of O
alteplase T
, O
further O
shortening O
the O
duration O
of O
administration O
, O
complete O
reperfusion O
was O
achieved O
in O
more O
than O
85 O
percent O
of O
the O
patients O
in O
initial O
angiographic O
studies O

We O
tested O
the O
hypothesis O
that O
double-bolus T
alteplase T
is O
at O
least O
as O
effective O
as O
accelerated O
infusion O

METHODS O
: O
In O
398 O
hospitals O
, O
7169 O
patients O
with O
acute D
myocardial D
infarction D
were O
randomly O
assigned O
to O
weight-adjusted O
, O
accelerated O
infusion O
of O
100 O
mg O
of O
alteplase T
or O
to O
a O
bolus O
of O
50 O
mg O
of O
alteplase T
over O
a O
period O
of O
1 O
to O
3 O
minutes O
followed O
30 O
minutes O
later O
by O
a O
second O
bolus O
of O
50 O
mg O
( O
or O
40 O
mg O
for O
patients O
who O
weighed O
less O
than O
60 O
kg O
) O

The O
primary O
end O
point O
was O
death O
from O
any O
cause O
at O
30 O
days O

The O
trial O
was O
stopped O
prematurely O
because O
of O
concern O
about O
the O
safety O
of O
the O
double-bolus T
injection T

RESULTS O
: O
Thirty-day O
mortality O
was O
higher O
in O
the O
double-bolus O
group O
than O
in O
the O
accelerated-infusion O
group O
: O
7.98 O
percent O
as O
compared O
with O
7.53 O
percent O

The O
absolute O
difference O
was O
0.44 O
percent O
, O
with O
a O
one-sided O
95 O
percent O
upper O
boundary O
of O
1.49 O
percent O
, O
which O
exceeded O
the O
prespecified O
upper O
limit O
of O
0.40 O
percent O
to O
indicate O
equivalence O
in O
30-day O
mortality O
between O
the O
two O
regimens O

The O
respective O
rates O
of O
any O
stroke D
and O
of O
hemorrhagic D
stroke D
were O
1.92 O
and O
1.12 O
percent O
after O
double-bolus O
alteplase T
, O
as O
compared O
with O
1.53 O
and O
0.81 O
percent O
after O
an O
accelerated O
infusion O
of O
alteplase T
( O
P=0.24 O
and O
P=0.23 O
, O
respectively O
) O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Double-bolus O
alteplase T
was O
not O
shown O
to O
be O
equivalent O
, O
according O
to O
the O
prespecified O
criteria O
, O
to O
accelerated O
infusion O
with O
regard O
to O
30-day O
mortality O

There O
was O
also O
a O
slightly O
higher O
rate O
of O
intracranial D
hemorrhage D
with O
the O
double-bolus T
method T

Therefore O
, O
accelerated T
infusion T
of T
alteplase T
over O
a O
period O
of O
90 O
minutes O
remains O
the O
preferred O
regimen O

BACKGROUND O
: O
Fenfluramine T
and O
phentermine T
have O
been O
individually O
approved O
as O
anorectic T
agents T
by O
the O
Food O
and O
Drug O
Administration O
( O
FDA O
) O

When O
used O
in O
combination O
the O
drugs O
may O
be O
just O
as O
effective O
as O
either O
drug O
alone O
, O
with O
the O
added O
advantages O
of O
the O
need O
for O
lower O
doses O
of O
each O
agent O
and O
perhaps O
fewer O
side O
effects O

Although O
the O
combination O
has O
not O
been O
approved O
by O
the O
FDA O
, O
in O
1996 O
the O
total O
number O
of O
prescriptions O
in O
the O
United O
States O
for O
fenfluramine T
and O
phentermine T
exceeded O
18 O
million O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
METHODS O
: O
We O
identified O
valvular O
heart O
diseasein O
24 O
women O
treated O
with O
fenfluramine-phentermine O
who O
had O
no O
history O
of O
cardiac O
disease O

The O
women O
presented O
with O
cardiovascular D
symptoms D
or O
a O
heart D
murmur D

As O
increasing O
numbers O
of O
these O
patients O
with O
similar O
clinical O
features O
were O
identified O
, O
there O
appeared O
to O
be O
an O
association O
between O
these O
features O
and O
fenfluramine-phentermine T
therapy T

RESULTS O
: O
Twenty-four O
women O
( O
mean O
( O
+/-SD O
) O
age O
, O
44+/-8 O
years O
) O
were O
evaluated O
12.3+/-7.1 O
months O
after O
the O
initiation O
of O
fenfluramine-phentermine T
therapy T

Echocardiography O
demonstrated O
unusual O
valvular O
morphology O
and O
regurgitation O
in O
all O
patients O

Both O
right-sided O
and O
left-sided O
heart O
valves O
were O
involved O

Eight O
women O
also O
had O
newly O
documented O
pulmonary D
hypertension D

To O
date O
, O
cardiac T
surgical T
intervention T
has O
been O
required O
in O
five O
patients O

The O
heart O
valves O
had O
a O
glistening O
white O
appearance O

Histopathological O
findings O
included O
plaque-like O
encasement O
of O
the O
leaflets O
and O
chordal O
structures O
with O
intact O
valve O
architecture O

The O
histopathological O
features O
were O
identical O
to O
those O
seen O
in O
carcinoid O
or O
ergotamine-induced O
valve D
disease D

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
These O
cases O
arouse O
concern O
that O
fenfluramine-phentermine T
therapy T
may O
be O
associated O
with O
valvular D
heart D
disease D

Candidates O
for O
fenfluramine-phentermine T
therapy T
should O
be O
informed O
about O
serious O
potential O
adverse O
effects O
, O
including O
pulmonary D
hypertension D
and O
valvular D
heart D
disease D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Between O
1987 O
and O
1992 O
, O
all O
patients O
presenting O
to O
the O
senior O
author O
with O
a O
symptomatic O
failed O
silicone O
implant O
arthroplasty O
refractory O
to O
conservative O
treatment O
were O
converted O
to O
a O
metatarsophalangeal O
joint O
arthrodesis O

Internal O
fixation O
was O
achieved O
with O
either O
dual O
intrameduilary O
threaded O
Steinmann O
pins O
or O
an O
obliquely O
placed O
AO O
compression O
screw O
and O
a O
three- O
or O
four-hole O
one-third O
tubular O
dorsal O
neutralization O
plate O

Bone T
grafting T
was O
used O
to O
maintain O
hallux O
length O

Successful O
arthrodesis T
was O
achieved O
in O
all O
five O
feet O
in O
patients O
with O
rheumatoid D
arthritis D

Subjectively O
, O
patients O
improved O
from O
an O
average O
of O
0.69 O
before O
arthrodesis T
to O
4.89 O
after O
arthrodesis T

The O
average O
walking O
tolerance O
improved O
from O
1.11 O
to O
4.80 O
, O
and O
the O
overall O
level O
of O
satisfaction O
improved O
from O
0.0 O
to O
4.79 O

The O
patient O
's O
ability O
to O
wear O
shoes O
improved O
from O
0.87 O
to O
3.1 O

Successful O
arthrodesis T
produces O
a O
foot O
that O
is O
more O
functional O
and O
durable O
than O
excisional T
arthroplasty T

Subjectively O
, O
these O
patients O
stated O
that O
their O
level O
of O
pain O
, O
walking O
tolerance O
, O
and O
overall O
satisfaction O
improved O
significantly O
after O
the O
arthrodesis T

Clinically O
, O
there O
was O
no O
evidence O
of O
transfer D
lesions D
, O
tenderness O
, O
or O
hallux D
subluxation D

Hallux O
length O
was O
well O
maintained O
after O
surgery T
with O
bone T
grafting T
, O
but O
it O
was O
more O
difficult O
to O
obtain O
the O
alignment O
goals O

The O
average O
postoperative O
metatarsophalangeal O
dorsiflexion O
angle O
was O
15.6 O
degrees O
and O
the O
first O
metatarsophalangeal O
angle O
was O
3.1 O
degrees O

Despite O
this O
, O
patient O
satisfaction O
was O
high O

Arthrodesis T
of O
the O
first O
metatarsophalangeal O
joint O
using O
a O
bone T
graft T
to O
salvage O
failed O
silicone T
implant T
arthroplasty T
produces O
acceptable O
subjective O
and O
radiographic O
results O

Although O
technically O
demanding O
, O
it O
provides O
long-term O
stability O
to O
the O
hallux O
, O
restores O
weightbearing O
, O
and O
allows O
for O
maintenance O
of O
a O
propulsive O
gait O

We O
recommend O
this O
procedure O
instead O
of O
an O
excisional T
arthroplasty T
to O
maintain O
high O
level O
of O
function O
and O
overall O
patient O
satisfaction O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
estimate O
the O
crude O
incidence O
rates O
of O
cerebrovascular D
accidents D
among O
the O
black O
residents O
of O
Harare O

DESIGN O
: O
Prospective O
community-based O
study O

SETTING O
: O
Black O
residents O
of O
Harare O
, O
Zimbabwe O

PARTICIPANTS O
: O
Two O
hundred O
and O
seventy-three O
'first-ever O
' O
strokes D
prospectively O
identified O
over O
a O
12-month O
period O

MAIN O
OUTCOME O
STUDY O
FACTORS O
: O
Cerebrovascular D
accident D
first-week O
fatality O
rate O
; O
age- O
and O
sex-related O
incidence O

RESULTS O
: O
The O
crude O
incidence O
rate O
was O
estimated O
to O
be O
30.7 O
per O
100000 O
( O
95 O
% O
confidence O
interval O
27.1-34.4 O
) O
and O
the O
standardised O
rate O
was O
68 O
per O
100000 O

Fifty-one O
per O
cent O
of O
stroke D
victims O
were O
below O
the O
age O
of O
54 O
years O

Thirty-five O
per O
cent O
of O
patients O
died O
within O
1 O
week O
of O
the O
stroke O

Overall O
, O
the O
age-specific O
rates O
for O
both O
sexes O
rose O
with O
age O
, O
with O
the O
rates O
for O
women O
being O
higher O
at O
all O
age O
strata O
except O
for O
the O
group O
45-54 O
years O

CONCLUSION O
: O
With O
a O
standardised O
rate O
of O
68 O
per O
100000 O
and O
a O
first-week O
mortality O
rate O
of O
35 O
% O
, O
stroke D
must O
now O
be O
considered O
an O
important O
cause O
of O
morbidity O
and O
mortality O
in O
the O
population O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
explore O
the O
long-term O
effect O
of O
calcium T
supplementation T
during O
pregnancy O
on O
the O
offspring O
's O
blood O
pressure O
during O
childhood O

DESIGN O
: O
Follow O
up O
of O
a O
population O
enrolled O
in O
a O
double O
blind O
, O
randomised O
, O
placebo O
controlled O
trial O

SETTING O
: O
Perinatal O
research O
unit O
, O
World O
Health O
Organisation O
's O
collaborative O
research O
centre O

SUBJECTS O
: O
591 O
children O
at O
a O
mean O
age O
of O
7 O
years O
whose O
mothers O
were O
randomly O
assigned O
during O
pregnancy O
to O
receive O
2 O
g/day O
of O
elemental O
calcium O
( O
n O
= O
298 O
) O
or O
placebo O
( O
n O
= O
293 O
) O

MAIN O
OUTCOME O
MEASURES O
: O
Mean O
blood O
pressure O
and O
rate O
of O
high D
blood D
pressure D
of O
children O

RESULTS O
: O
Overall O
, O
systolic O
blood O
pressure O
was O
lower O
in O
the O
calcium O
group O
( O
mean O
difference O
-1.4 O
mm O
Hg O
; O
95 O
% O
confidence O
interval O
-3.2 O
to O
0.5 O
) O
than O
in O
the O
placebo O
group O

The O
effect O
was O
found O
predominantly O
among O
children O
whose O
body O
mass O
index O
at O
assessment O
was O
above O
the O
median O
for O
this O
population O
( O
mean O
difference O
in O
systolic O
blood O
pressure O
-5.8 O
mm O
Hg O
( O
-9.8 O
mm O
Hg O
to O
-1.7 O
mm O
Hg O
) O
for O
children O
with O
an O
index O
> O
17.5 O
and O
-3.2 O
mm O
Hg O
( O
-6.3 O
mm O
Hg O
to O
-0.1 O
mm O
Hg O
) O
for O
those O
with O
an O
index O
of O
> O
15.7 O
to O
17.5 O
) O

The O
risk O
of O
high O
systolic O
blood O
pressure O
was O
also O
lower O
in O
the O
calcium O
group O
than O
in O
the O
placebo O
group O
( O
relative O
risk O
0.59 O
; O
0.39 O
to O
0.90 O
) O
and O
particularly O
among O
children O
in O
the O
highest O
fourth O
of O
body O
mass O
index O
( O
0.43 O
; O
0.26 O
to O
0.71 O
) O

CONCLUSION O
: O
Calcium T
supplementation T
during O
pregnancy O
is O
associated O
with O
lower O
systolic O
blood O
pressure O
in O
the O
offspring O
, O
particularly O
among O
overweight O
children O

The O
fast O
reaction O
of O
peroxynitrite O
with O
CO2 O
and O
the O
high O
concentration O
of O
dissolved O
CO2 O
in O
vivo O
( O
ca O

1 O
mM O
) O
suggest O
that O
CO2 O
modulates O
most O
of O
the O
reactions O
of O
peroxynitrite O
in O
biological O
systems O

The O
addition O
of O
peroxynitrite O
to O
CO2 O
produces O
of O
the O
adduct O
ONOO-CO2- O
( O
1 O
) O

The O
production O
of O
1 O
greatly O
accelerates O
the O
decomposition O
of O
peroxynitrite O
to O
give O
nitrate O

We O
now O
show O
that O
the O
formation O
of O
1 O
is O
followed O
by O
reformation O
of O
CO2 O
( O
rather O
than O
another O
carbonate O
species O
such O
as O
CO3 O
= O
or O
HCO3- O
) O

To O
show O
this O
, O
it O
is O
necessary O
to O
study O
systems O
with O
limiting O
concentrations O
of O
CO2 O

( O
When O
CO2 O
is O
present O
in O
excess O
, O
its O
concentration O
remains O
nearly O
constant O
during O
the O
decomposition O
of O
peroxynitrite O
, O
and O
the O
recycling O
of O
CO2 O
, O
although O
it O
occurs O
, O
can O
not O
be O
detected O
kinetically O
) O

We O
find O
that O
CO2 O
is O
a O
true O
catalyst O
of O
the O
decomposition O
of O
peroxynitrite O
, O
and O
this O
fundamental O
insight O
into O
its O
action O
must O
be O
rationalized O
by O
any O
in O
vivo O
or O
in O
vitro O
reaction O
mechanism O
that O
is O
proposed O

When O
the O
concentration O
of O
CO2 O
is O
lower O
than O
that O
of O
peroxynitrite O
, O
the O
reformation O
of O
CO2 O
amplifies O
the O
fraction O
of O
peroxynitrite O
that O
reacts O
with O
CO2 O

Even O
low O
concentrations O
of O
CO2 O
that O
result O
from O
the O
dissolution O
of O
ambient O
CO2 O
can O
have O
pronounced O
catalytic O
effects O

These O
effects O
can O
cause O
deviations O
from O
predicted O
kinetic O
behavior O
in O
studies O
of O
peroxynitrite O
in O
noncarbonate O
buffers O
in O
vitro O
, O
and O
since O
1 O
and O
other O
intermediates O
derived O
from O
it O
are O
oxidants O
and/or O
nitrating O
agents O
, O
some O
of O
the O
reactions O
attributed O
to O
peroxynitrite O
may O
depend O
on O
the O
availability O
of O
CO2 O

A O
prospective O
, O
randomized O
, O
placebo-controlled O
, O
double-blind O
, O
parallel-group O
, O
6-month O
study O
assessed O
the O
efficacy O
and O
safety O
of O
ropinirole T
, T
a T
nonergoline T
D2-dopamine T
agonist T
, O
in O
patients O
with O
early D
Parkinson D
's D
disease D
( O
n O
= O
241 O
; O
Hoehn O
& O
# O
38 O
; O
Yahr O
stages O
I O
to O
III O
) O
with O
limited O
or O
no O
prior O
dopaminergic T
therapy T

Patients O
( O
mean O
age O
, O
62.8 O
years O
) O
, O
stratified O
by O
concomitant O
use O
of O
selegiline T
, O
were O
randomized O
to O
ropinirole T
( O
n O
= O
116 O
) O
or O
placebo O
( O
n O
= O
125 O
) O

The O
starting O
dose O
of O
ropinirole T
was O
0.25 O
mg O
tid O
with O
titration O
to O
at O
least O
1.5 O
mg O
tid O
( O
maximum O
dose O
, O
8 O
mg O
tid O
) O

Primary O
efficacy O
endpoint O
was O
the O
percentage O
improvement O
in O
Unified O
Parkinson D
's D
Disease D
Rating O
Scale O
( O
UPDRS O
) O
motor O
score O

Ropinirole-treated O
patients O
had O
a O
significantly O
greater O
percentage O
improvement O
in O
UPDRS O
motor O
score O
than O
patients O
who O
received O
placebo O
( O
+24 O
% O
vs O
-3 O
% O
; O
p O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.001 O
) O

Ropinirole T
was O
well O
tolerated O
and O
patient O
withdrawals O
were O
infrequent O

Most O
adverse O
experiences O
were O
related O
to O
peripheral O
dopaminergic O
activity O

Ropinirole T
monotherapy T
is O
an O
effective O
and O
well-tolerated O
therapeutic O
option O
for O
treatment O
of O
early D
Parkinson D
's D
disease D

Starfish O
oocytes O
can O
be O
fertilized O
after O
germinal O
vesicle O
breakdown O
( O
GVBD O
) O
and O
artificial O
parthenogenesis O
can O
be O
induced O
by O
activating O
the O
oocytes O
after O
GVBD O
( O
post-GVBD O
activation O
) O

In O
the O
present O
study O
, O
parthenogenotes O
were O
obtained O
by O
the O
activation O
of O
immature O
oocytes O
with O
caffeine O
before O
treatment O
with O
1-methyladenine T
( T
1-MeAde T
) T
to O
induce O
oocyte O
maturation O

Most O
of O
the O
caffeine-treated O
eggs O
developed O
as O
tetraploids O
, O
as O
parthenogenotes O
produced O
by O
the O
post-GVBD O
activation O

The O
parthengenotes O
were O
derived O
only O
from O
eggs O
that O
failed O
to O
extrude O
polar O
bodies O
, O
mostly O
from O
eggs O
failing O
to O
extrude O
a O
second O
polar O
body O

Eggs O
derived O
from O
immature O
oocytes O
activated O
by O
A23187 O
, O
treated O
with O
1-MeAde T
and O
post-treated O
with O
cytochalasin T
B T
failed O
to O
extrude O
polar O
bodies O
, O
and O
eventually O
developed O
into O
parthenogenetic O
embryos O

These O
results O
indicate O
that O
the O
present O
parthenogenesis O
mechanism O
shares O
the O
same O
characteristics O
as O
that O
achieved O
by O
post-GVBD O
activation O
in O
the O
suppression O
of O
polar O
body O
formation O
as O
a O
key O
means O
for O
successful O
starfish O
parthenogenesis O

We O
hypothesized O
that O
fluoride T
partly O
acts O
by O
changing O
the O
levels O
of O
circulating O
calcium-regulating O
hormones O
and O
skeletal O
growth O
factors O

The O
effects O
of O
oral T
fluoride T
on O
24 O
female O
, O
Dutch-Belted O
, O
young O
adult O
rabbits O
were O
studied O

The O
rabbits O
were O
divided O
into O
two O
study O
groups O
, O
one O
control O
and O
the O
other O
receiving O
about O
16 O
mg O
fluoride/rabbit/day O
in O
their O
drinking O
water O

After O
6 O
months O
of O
fluoride T
dosing T
, O
all O
rabbits O
were O
euthanized O
and O
bone O
and O
blood O
samples O
were O
taken O
for O
analyses O

Fluoride T
treatment T
increased O
serum O
and O
bone O
fluoride O
levels O
by O
over O
an O
order O
of O
magnitude O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.001 O
) O
, O
but O
did O
not O
affect O
body O
weight O
or O
the O
following O
serum O
biochemical O
variables O
: O
urea O
, O
creatinine O
, O
phosphorus O
, O
total O
protein O
, O
albumin O
, O
bilirubin O
, O
SGOT O
, O
or O
total O
alkaline O
phosphatase O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
No O
skeletal D
fluorosis D
or O
osteomalacia D
was O
observed O
histologically O
, O
nor O
did O
fluoride T
affect O
serum O
PTH O
or O
Vitamin O
D O
metabolites O
( O
P O
> O
0.4 O
) O

BAP O
was O
increased O
37 O
% O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
) O
by O
fluoride O
; O
serum O
TRAP O
was O
increased O
42 O
% O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
) O
; O
serum O
IGF-1 O
was O
increased O
40 O
% O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
) O

Fluoride T
increased O
the O
vertebral O
BV/TV O
by O
35 O
% O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
) O
and O
tibial O
ash O
weight O
by O
10 O
% O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
) O

However O
, O
the O
increases O
in O
bone O
mass O
and O
bone O
formation O
were O
not O
reflected O
in O
improved O
bone O
strength O

Fluoride O
decreased O
bone O
strength O
by O
about O
19 O
% O
in O
the O
L5 O
vertebra O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.01 O
) O
and O
25 O
% O
in O
the O
femoral O
neck O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0 O

05 O
) O

X-ray O
diffraction O
showed O
altered O
mineral O
crystal O
thickness O
in O
fluoride-treated O
bones O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.001 O
) O
, O
and O
there O
was O
a O
negative O
association O
between O
crystal O
width O
and O
fracture O
stress O
of O
the O
femur O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.02 O
) O

In O
conclusion O
, O
fluoride O
's O
effects O
on O
bone O
mass O
and O
bone O
turnover O
were O
not O
mediated O
by O
PTH O

IGF-1 O
was O
increased O
by O
fluoride O
and O
was O
associated O
with O
increased O
bone O
turnover O
, O
but O
was O
not O
correlated O
with O
bone O
formation O
markers O

High-dose O
fluoride T
treatment T
did O
not O
improve O
, O
but O
decreased O
, O
bone O
strength O
in O
rabbits O
, O
even O
in O
the O
absence O
of O
impaired O
mineralization O

PURPOSE O
: O
To O
determine O
the O
effect O
of O
various O
methods O
of O
managing O
the O
posterior O
capsule O
and O
anterior O
vitreous O
on O
the O
rate O
of O
posterior D
capsule D
opacification D
in O
pediatric O
eyes O
implanted O
with O
posterior T
chamber T
intraocular T
lenses T
( T
PC T
IOLs T
) T

SETTING O
: O
Cullen O
Eye O
Institute O
, O
Baylor O
College O
of O
Medicine O
, O
Houston O
, O
Texas O
, O
USA O

METHODS O
: O
We O
reviewed O
the O
charts O
of O
20 O
eyes O
of O
15 O
children O
( O
aged O
1.5 O
to O
2 O
years O
) O
who O
had O
primary O
cataract D
surgery T
with T
PC T
IOL T
implantation T
during O
the O
past O
5 O
years O

The O
posterior O
capsule O
and O
anterior O
vitreous O
were O
managed O
in O
a O
variety O
of O
ways O
: O
In O
5 O
eyes O
, O
the O
posterior O
capsule O
was O
left O
intact O
; O
in O
15 O
eyes O
, O
a O
posterior T
continuous T
curvilinear T
capsulorhexis T
( T
PCCC T
) T
was O
performed O
- O
6 O
with O
and O
9 O
without O
anterior T
vitrectomy T
; O
in O
8 O
eyes O
, O
posterior T
optic T
capture T
was O
performed O
- O
3 O
with O
and O
5 O
without O
vitrectomy T

The O
follow-up O
ranged O
from O
1 O
to O
4.5 O
years O
( O
mean O
2 O
years O
) O

RESULTS O
: O
Visually O
significant O
secondary O
cataract D
developed O
in O
the O
five O
eyes O
with O
intact O
posterior O
capsules O
and O
in O
the O
four O
eyes O
that O
had O
PCCC T
without O
vitrectomy T
and O
without O
posterior T
optic T
capture T
( O
i.e O
. O
, O
the O
optic O
was O
left O
in O
the O
capsular O
bag O
) O

The O
optical O
axis O
remained O
clear O
in O
the O
six O
eyes O
that O
had O
PC T
IOL T
implantation T
with O
vitrectomy T
( O
with O
or O
without O
posterior T
optic T
capture T
) O

Initially O
, O
all O
eyes O
that O
had O
optic T
capture T
without O
vitrectomy T
also O
remained O
clear O
, O
but O
after O
6 O
months O
, O
four O
of O
five O
developed O
opacification D

CONCLUSION O
: O
In O
this O
series O
, O
PCCC T
with T
anterior T
vitrectomy T
was O
the O
only O
effective O
method O
of O
preventing O
or O
delaying O
secondary D
cataract D
formation D
in O
infants O
and O
children O

Evidence O
for O
the O
presence O
of O
a O
serotonin1A O
( O
5-HT1A O
) O
receptor O
subtype O
in O
the O
salmonid O
fish O
brain O
has O
recently O
been O
presented O

In O
the O
present O
study O
the O
potent O
5-HT1A O
receptor O
agonist O
, O
8-hydroxy-2- O
( O
di-n-propylamino O
) O
-tetralin O
( O
8-OH-DPAT O
) O
was O
tested O
for O
its O
effect O
on O
plasma O
cortisol O
concentrations O
in O
rainbow O
trout O
( O
Oncorhynchus O
mykiss O
) O

Blood O
was O
sampled O
and O
8-OH-DPAT O
administered O
through O
a O
catheter O
in O
the O
dorsal O
aorta O

Thirty O
minutes O
after O
the O
injection O
of O
40 O
microg O
of O
8-OH-DPAT/kg O
, O
plasma O
cortisol O
levels O
had O
increased O
from O
12 O
to O
149 O
ng/ml O
, O
whereupon O
they O
fell O
, O
reaching O
baseline O
levels O
after O
4 O
h. O
The O
effect O
of O
1-40 O
microg O
8-OH-DPAT/kg O
on O
plasma O
cortisol O
concentrations O
was O
dose-dependent O

The O
results O
lends O
further O
support O
to O
the O
hypothesis O
that O
the O
brain O
serotonergic O
system O
plays O
a O
key O
role O
in O
integrating O
autonomic O
, O
behavioral O
and O
neuroendocrine O
stress-responses O
in O
fish O
as O
well O
as O
mammals O
, O
suggesting O
that O
not O
only O
the O
structural O
and O
biochemical O
organization O
, O
but O
also O
the O
function O
of O
the O
serotonergic O
system O
has O
been O
conserved O
during O
vertebrate O
evolution O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
assess O
the O
medicalising O
effect O
of O
prescribing O
antibiotics T
for O
sore D
throat D

SETTING O
: O
11 O
general O
practices O
in O
England O

DESIGN O
: O
Randomised O
trial O
of O
three O
approaches O
to O
sore D
throat D
: O
a O
10 O
day O
prescription O
of O
antibiotics T
, O
no O
antibiotics O
, O
or O
a O
delayed O
prescription O
if O
the O
sore D
throat D
had O
not O
started O
to O
settle O
after O
three O
days O

PATIENTS O
: O
716 O
patients O
aged O
4 O
and O
over O
with O
sore D
throat D
and O
an O
abnormal O
physical O
sign O
: O
84 O
% O
had O
tonsillitis D
or O
pharyngitis D

OUTCOME O
MEASURES O
: O
Number O
and O
rate O
of O
patients O
making O
a O
first O
return O
with O
sore D
throat D
, O
pharyngitis D
, O
or O
tonsillitis D

Early O
returns O
( O
within O
two O
weeks O
) O
and O
complications O
( O
otitis D
media D
, O
sinusitis D
, O
quinsy D
) O

Outcomes O
were O
documented O
in O
675 O
subjects O
( O
94 O
% O
) O

RESULTS O
: O
Mean O
follow O
up O
time O
was O
similar O
( O
antibiotic O
group O
1.07 O
years O
, O
other O
two O
groups O
1.03 O
years O
) O

More O
of O
those O
initially O
prescribed O
antibiotics T
initially O
returned O
to O
the O
surgery O
with O
sore D
throat D
( O
38 O
% O
v O
27 O
% O
, O
adjusted O
hazard O
ratio O
for O
return O
1.39 O
% O
, O
95 O
% O
confidence O
interval O
1.03 O
to O
1.89 O
) O

Antibiotics T
prescribed O
for O
sore D
throat D
during O
the O
previous O
year O
had O
an O
additional O
effect O
( O
hazard O
ratio O
1.69 O
, O
1.20 O
to O
2.37 O
) O

Longer O
duration O
of O
illness O
( O
> O
5 O
days O
) O
was O
associated O
with O
increased O
return O
within O
six O
weeks O
( O
hazard O
ratio O
2.90 O
, O
1.70 O
to O
4.92 O
) O

Prior O
attendance O
with O
upper D
respiratory D
conditions D
was O
also O
associated O
with O
increased O
reattendance O

There O
was O
no O
difference O
between O
groups O
in O
early O
return O
( O
13/238 O
( O
5.5 O
% O
) O
v O
27/437 O
( O
6 O
% O
) O
) O
, O
or O
complications O
( O
2/236 O
( O
0.8 O
% O
) O
v O
3/434 O
( O
0.7 O
% O
) O
) O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Complications O
and O
early O
return O
resulting O
from O
no O
or O
delayed O
prescribing O
of O
antibiotics T
for O
sore D
throat D
are O
rare O

Both O
current O
and O
previous O
prescribing O
for O
sore D
throat D
increase O
reattendance O

To O
avoid O
medicalising O
a O
self O
limiting O
illness O
doctors O
should O
avoid O
antibiotics T
or O
offer O
a O
delayed O
prescription O
for O
most O
patients O
with O
sore D
throat D

This O
study O
was O
designed O
to O
determine O
and O
compare O
the O
dose-response O
characteristics O
, O
speed O
of O
onset O
, O
and O
relative O
potency O
of O
single-dose O
epidural T
fentanyl T
( T
F T
) T
and O
sufentanil T
( T
S T
) T
for O
postoperative D
pain D
relief D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Eighty O
women O
undergoing O
cesarean O
section O
( O
C/S O
) O
with O
epidural O
2 O
% O
lidocaine O
with O
epinephrine O
( O
1 O
: O
200 O
, O
000 O
) O
were O
randomly O
assigned O
to O
receive O
double-blind O
epidural O
administration O
of O
F O
( O
25 O
, O
50 O
, O
100 O
, O
or O
200 O
microg O
) O
or O
S O
( O
5 O
, O
10 O
, O
20 O
, O
or O
30 O
microg O
) O
( O
n O
= O
10 O
per O
group O
) O
upon O
complaint O
of O
pain O
postoperatively O

Visual O
analog O
scales O
( O
VAS O
, O
0-100 O
mm O
) O
were O
used O
to O
assess O
pain O
and O
sedation O
at O
baseline O
; O
at O
3 O
, O
6 O
, O
9 O
, O
12 O
, O
15 O
, O
20 O
, O
25 O
, O
30 O
, O
45 O
, O
and O
60 O
min O
; O
and O
every O
30 O
min O
until O
further O
analgesia O
was O
requested O

The O
study O
was O
terminated O
at O
30 O
min O
if O
satisfactory O
analgesia O
was O
not O
achieved O

Side O
effects O
were O
recorded O

A O
dose-response O
was O
demonstrated O
for O
both O
opioids O

F O
25 O
microg O
and O
S O
5 O
microg O
were O
ineffective O
, O
with O
significantly O
fewer O
women O
achieving O
VAS O
scores O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
10 O
mm O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
compared O
with O
F O
100 O
or O
200 O
microg O
and O
S O
20 O
or O
30 O
microg O
) O

F O
100 O
and O
200 O
microg O
and O
S O
20 O
and O
30 O
microg O
all O
achieved O
VAS O
scores O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
10 O
mm O
in O
all O
women O
with O
no O
differences O
in O
time O
to O
50 O
% O
reduction O
in O
VAS O
( O
mean O
11-16 O
min O
) O
and O
no O
differences O
in O
duration O
of O
analgesia O
( O
mean O
117-138 O
min O
) O

The O
50 O
% O
and O
95 O
% O
effective O
dose O
values O
for O
each O
opioid O
to O
achieve O
a O
VAS O
score O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
10 O
mm O
were O
F O
33 O
microg O
and O
92 O
microg O
and O
S O
6.7 O
microg O
and O
17.5 O
microg O

There O
were O
no O
differences O
among O
groups O
in O
sedation O
scores O
or O
side O
effects O

Our O
data O
suggest O
that O
the O
relative O
analgesic O
potency O
of O
epidural O
S O
: O
F O
is O
approximately O
5 O
and O
that O
there O
are O
no O
differences O
between O
the O
opioids O
in O
the O
onset O
, O
duration O
, O
and O
effectiveness O
of O
analgesia O
when O
equianalgesic O
doses O
are O
administered O
postoperatively O
after O
lidocaine O
anesthesia O
for O
C/S O

We O
describe O
2 O
cases O
in O
which O
intraoperative O
transesophageal O
echocardiography O
detected O
complications O
related O
to O
the O
proximal O
coronary O
arteries O
during O
homograft T
aortic T
valve T
and T
root T
replacement T

In O
both O
cases O
, O
cardiopulmonary T
bypass T
could O
not O
be O
discontinued O
despite O
the O
use O
of O
large O
doses O
of O
inotropic T
drugs T

Transesophageal O
echocardiography O
demonstrated O
aliasing O
on O
color O
flow O
mapping O
in O
the O
left O
main O
coronary O
artery O
in O
1 O
case O
and O
proximal O
right O
coronary O
artery O
in O
the O
other O
, O
along O
with O
severely O
depressed O
left O
ventricular O
anterior O
wall O
and O
right O
ventricular O
function O
, O
respectively O

Coronary T
artery T
bypass T
grafting T
was O
performed O
in O
both O
cases O
, O
and O
the O
outcome O
was O
successful O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Granulocyte O
colony-stimulating O
factor O
( O
G-CSF O
) O
has O
been O
used O
to O
improve O
granulocyte O
count O
in O
chronic O
neutropenia O
and O
myelodysplasia O
, O
to O
minimize O
the O
incidence O
and O
duration O
of O
neutropenia O
during O
conventional O
chemotherapy O
, O
and O
to O
mobilize O
peripheral O
blood O
stem O
cells O
prior O
to O
leukapheresis O
for O
use O
in O
autologous O
and O
allogeneic O
marrow O
transplantation O

The O
most O
common O
toxicity O
is O
bone D
pain D
, O
and O
other O
reactions O
such O
as O
inflammation D
at O
the O
site O
of O
injection T
have O
also O
occurred O

In O
patients O
with O
chronic D
neutropenia D
, O
splenomegaly D
has O
been O
described O
with O
long-term O
use O
, O
and O
extramedullary D
hematopoiesis D
has O
also O
been O
reported O

However O
, O
thus O
far O
, O
no O
life-threatening O
sequelae O
of O
these O
effects O
are O
found O
in O
the O
literature O

We O
now O
describe O
a O
case O
of O
spontaneous O
splenic D
rupture D
four O
days O
following O
a O
six-day O
course O
of O
G-CSF T
therapy T
in O
an O
allogeneic O
donor O
of O
peripheral O
blood O
stem O
cells O

Evidence-based O
medicine O
( O
EBM O
) O
aids O
clinical O
decision O
making O
in O
all O
fields O
of O
medicine O
, O
including O
primary O
care O

General O
practice O
is O
characterized O
by O
particular O
emphasis O
on O
the O
doctor-patient O
relationship O
and O
on O
biomedical O
, O
personal O
and O
contextual O
perspectives O
in O
diagnosis O

Most O
evidence O
available O
to O
general O
practitioners O
( O
GPs O
) O
addresses O
only O
the O
bio-medical O
perspective O
and O
is O
often O
not O
directly O
applicable O
to O
primary O
care O
, O
as O
it O
derives O
from O
secondary O
or O
tertiary O
care O

Emphasis O
on O
the O
biomedical O
domain O
and O
the O
randomized O
controlled O
trial O
( O
RCT O
) O
alone O
reflects O
a O
reductionist O
approach O
that O
fails O
to O
do O
justice O
to O
the O
philosophy O
of O
general O
practice O

The O
art O
of O
medicine O
is O
founded O
on O
context O
, O
anecdote O
, O
patient O
stories O
of O
illness O
and O
personal O
experience O
, O
and O
we O
should O
continue O
to O
blend O
this O
with O
good O
quality O
and O
appropriate O
research O
findings O
in O
patient O
care O

Abdominal D
tuberculosis D
is O
not O
uncommon O
in O
the O
UK O
, O
especially O
in O
Asian O
immigrants O

It O
resembles O
Crohn D
's D
disease D
clinically O
and O
radiologically O
, O
and O
it O
may O
be O
difficult O
to O
differentiate O
between O
them O
, O
even O
at O
laparotomy O
or O
histology O

The O
distinction O
is O
important O
, O
however O
, O
for O
proper O
management O
of O
the O
two O
conditions O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Every O
effort O
must O
be O
made O
to O
exclude O
abdominal D
tuberculosis D
before O
the O
patient O
is O
diagnosed O
as O
having O
Crohn D
's D
disease D
and O
is O
treated O
with O
steroids T

PURPOSE O
: O
The O
American O
Urological O
Association O
convened O
the O
Female D
Stress D
Urinary D
Incontinence D
Clinical O
Guidelines O
Panel O
to O
analyze O
the O
literature O
regarding O
surgical T
procedures T
for O
treating O
stress D
urinary D
incontinence D
in O
the O
otherwise O
healthy O
female O
subject O
and O
to O
make O
practice O
recommendations O
based O
on O
the O
treatment O
outcomes O
data O

MATERIALS O
AND O
METHODS O
: O
The O
panel O
searched O
the O
MEDLINE O
data O
base O
for O
all O
articles O
through O
1993 O
on O
surgical T
treatment T
of O
female D
stress D
urinary D
incontinence D

Outcomes O
data O
were O
extracted O
from O
articles O
accepted O
after O
panel O
review O

The O
data O
were O
then O
meta-analyzed O
to O
produce O
outcome O
estimates O
for O
alternative O
surgical T
procedures T

RESULTS O
: O
The O
data O
indicate O
that O
after O
48 O
months O
retropubic T
suspensions T
and O
slings T
appear O
to O
be O
more O
efficacious O
than O
transvaginal T
suspensions T
, O
and O
also O
more O
efficacious O
than O
anterior T
repairs T

The O
literature O
suggests O
higher O
complication O
rates O
when O
synthetic O
materials O
are O
used O
for O
slings T

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
The O
panel O
found O
sufficient O
acceptable O
long-term O
outcomes O
data O
( O
longer O
than O
48 O
months O
) O
to O
conclude O
that O
surgical T
treatment T
of O
female D
stress D
urinary D
incontinence D
is O
effective O
, O
offering O
a O
long-term O
cure O
in O
a O
significant O
percentage O
of O
women O

The O
evidence O
supports O
surgery T
as O
initial O
therapy O
and O
as O
a O
secondary O
form O
of O
therapy O
after O
failure O
of O
other O
treatments O
for O
stress D
urinary D
incontinence D

Retropubic T
suspensions T
and O
slings T
are O
the O
most O
efficacious O
procedures O
for O
long-term O
success O
( O
based O
on O
cure/dry O
rates O
) O

However O
, O
in O
the O
panel O
's O
opinion O
retropubic T
suspensions T
and O
sling T
procedures T
are O
associated O
with O
slightly O
higher O
complication O
rates O
, O
including O
longer O
convalescence O
and O
postoperative D
voiding D
dysfunction D

A O
55-year-old O
lady O
underwent O
repeat O
aortic T
valve T
replacement T
using O
a O
16-mm O
Carbomedics O
prosthesis O

She O
made O
an O
uneventful O
postoperative O
recovery O
and O
now O
leads O
an O
unrestricted O
life O

Doppler O
echocardiography O
reveals O
a O
21-mm O
Hg O
gradient O
across O
the O
valve O
at O
rest O

This O
did O
not O
increase O
with O
an O
infusion O
of O
30 O
mcg/kg O
per O
min O
of O
dobutamine O
, O
which O
resulted O
in O
an O
increase O
in O
the O
cardiac O
output O
from O
1.96 O
to O
5.46 O
l/min O

BACKGROUND O
: O
For O
more O
than O
30 O
years O
it O
has O
been O
known O
that O
gastric O
acid O
secretion O
is O
inversely O
related O
to O
the O
extent O
and O
severity O
of O
corpal D
gastritis D

We O
therefore O
evaluated O
the O
effect O
of O
cure O
of O
Helicobacter D
pylori D
infection D
on O
basal O
and O
pentagastrin-stimulated O
acid O
secretion O

METHODS O
: O
Basal O
acid O
output O
( O
BAO O
) O
and O
maximal O
acid O
output O
( O
MAO O
) O
were O
assessed O
in O
11 O
H. O
pylori-infected O
dyspeptic O
patients O
( O
8 O
women O
and O
3 O
men O
; O
mean O
age O
, O
28 O
years O
) O
before O
and O
after O
successful O
anti-H O

pylori O
therapy O

RESULTS O
: O
The O
gastritis O
index O
was O
significantly O
lower O
after O
therapy O
and O
was O
associated O
with O
an O
increase O
in O
both O
BAO O
and O
MAO O
after O
cure O
of O
the O
H. D
pylori D
infection D
( O
BAO O
from O
0.3 O
mmol/h O
and O
MAO O
from O
4.8 O
mmol/h O
to O
19 O
mmol/ O
h O
) O

Basal O
and O
stimulated O
acid O
concentrations O
also O
increased O
( O
29.1 O
+/- O
36.6 O
to O
54 O
+/- O
31 O
mmol/l O
and O
72.5 O
+/- O
46 O
to O
120.1 O
+/- O
30 O
mmol/l O
, O
respectively O
, O
for O
basal O
and O
stimulated O
acid O
concentrations O
; O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
for O
peak O
and O
MAO O
, O
P O
= O
0.07 O
for O
BAO O
) O

CONCLUSION O
: O
Gastric O
acid O
secretion O
increased O
into O
the O
normal O
range O
after O
successful O
treatment O
of O
H. D
pylori D
infection D
, O
suggesting O
that O
gastric O
function O
can O
recover O
to O
normal O
or O
almost O
normal O
after O
cure O
of O
H. D
pylori D
infection D

OBJECTIVE O
: O
Reports O
suggest O
that O
there O
is O
an O
increased O
incidence O
of O
preeclampsia D
after O
a O
previously O
normal O
pregnancy O
if O
there O
is O
a O
change O
in O
paternity O

We O
hypothesize O
that O
there O
is O
a O
higher O
incidence O
of O
preeclampsia D
( D
proteinuric D
hypertension D
) D
in O
women O
conceiving O
by O
intrauterine O
insemination O
with O
donor O
sperm O
versus O
intrauterine O
insemination O
with O
partner O
sperm O

STUDY O
DESIGN O
: O
This O
was O
a O
retrospective O
cohort O
study O

In O
women O
with O
primary O
infertility D
all O
pregnancies O
achieved O
by O
either O
partner O
or O
donor O
intrauterine T
insemination T
carried O
to O
birth O
of O
a O
fetus O
( O
> O
20 O
weeks O
) O
were O
identified O

The O
medical O
records O
were O
examined O
for O
the O
maternal O
and O
pregnancy O
outcome O
data O

The O
relative O
risk O
and O
95 O
% O
confidence O
interval O
were O
calculated O
for O
the O
risk O
of O
preeclampsia D

The O
baseline O
data O
were O
compared O
with O
t O
tests O
, O
chi O
2 O
analysis O
and O
Fisher O
's O
exact O
test O
where O
appropriate O

RESULTS O
: O
Forty-four O
patients O
in O
the O
partner O
intrauterine T
insemination T
group O
and O
37 O
in O
the O
donor T
insemination T
group O
were O
identified O
as O
having O
primary O
infertility D

Three O
cases O
of O
mild O
preeclampsia D
were O
found O
in O
the O
partner T
insemination T
program O
and O
nine O
cases O
of O
preeclampsia D
( O
five O
severe O
, O
four O
mild O
) O
in O
the O
donor T
insemination T
program O
( O
relative O
risk O
1.85 O
, O
95 O
% O
confidence O
interval O
1.20 O
to O
2.85 O
) O
. O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
There O
is O
a O
higher O
incidence O
of O
preeclampsia D
in O
women O
conceiving O
by O
intrauterine T
insemination T
with O
washed O
donor O
sperm O
compared O
with O
intrauterine T
insemination T
with O
washed O
partner O
sperm O
. O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
There O
is O
a O
higher O
incidence O
of O
preeclampsia D
in O
women O
conceiving O
by O
intrauterine T
insemination T
with O
washed O
donor O
sperm O
compared O
with O
intrauterine T
insemination T
with O
washed O
partner O
sperm O
. O

This O
supports O
, O
indirectly O
, O
an O
immunologic O
basis O
for O
preeclampsia D

The O
antigenic O
factor O
would O
appear O
to O
be O
located O
on O
the O
sperm O
as O
opposed O
to O
the O
seminal O
fluid O
itself O

After O
a O
rapid O
examination O
of O
a O
few O
basic O
concepts O
concerning O
cellular O
aging O
and O
programmed O
cell O
death O
, O
the O
aging O
of O
the O
tissues O
and O
organs O
, O
the O
authors O
discuss O
the O
principal O
theories O
on O
senescence O

They O
underline O
that O
it O
is O
necessary O
to O
agree O
in O
considering O
the O
various O
genetic O
and O
epigenetic O
, O
endogenous O
and O
exogenous O
mechanisms O
that O
lead O
to O
the O
complex O
aging O
phenomenon O
multiple O
and O
interrelated O

In O
particular O
they O
stress O
the O
hypothesis O
that O
senescence O
can O
be O
due O
to O
a O
sum O
of O
molecular O
damages O
caused O
by O
free O
radicals O
, O
and O
to O
the O
loss O
of O
telomeric O
DNA O

Radical O
reactions O
can O
cause O
mutations O
, O
inactivation O
or O
a O
decrease O
in O
the O
turnover O
of O
mitochondrial O
DNA O
which O
is O
more O
vulnerable O
than O
the O
nuclear O
genoma O
to O
the O
attack O
of O
mutagenic O
agents O
, O
acting O
also O
as O
a O
continuous O
source O
of O
initial O
and/or O
promoting O
factors O
of O
the O
carcinogenetic O
process O

The O
somatic O
cells O
become O
senescent O
because O
during O
cell O
division O
, O
they O
lose O
the O
mechanisms O
for O
the O
lengthening O
of O
the O
telomere O

The O
telomerase O
prevents O
the O
shortening O
of O
telomeres O
in O
neoplastic O
cells O
and O
therefore O
renders O
them O
immortal O

Paradoxically O
the O
protection O
of O
the O
telomere O
is O
exactly O
what O
must O
be O
avoided O
in O
the O
case O
of O
tumor O
cells O

Recently O
the O
demonstration O
that O
telomerase O
is O
not O
always O
involved O
in O
the O
restoration O
of O
telomere O
length O
shows O
the O
complexity O
of O
the O
problems O
connected O
to O
the O
cause O
of O
senescence O

Chromosomally O
integrated O
retroviral O
switch O
( O
S O
) O
substrates O
have O
been O
developed O
to O
reveal O
switch O
recombinase-like O
activities O
( O
SRLA O
) O
in O
pre-B O
and O
mature O
B O
cell O
lines O

Switch O
substrate O
retrovectors O
( O
SSR O
) O
contain O
a O
long-terminal O
repeat-driven O
neomycin O
( O
Neo O
) O
gene O
for O
proviral O
chromosomal O
maintenance O
( O
pre- O
and O
post-S O
recombination O
) O
and O
a O
CMV O
promoter-driven O
, O
chimeric O
hygromycin-thymidine O
kinase O
( O
Hytk O
) O
gene O
( O
flanked O
by O
S O
mu O
and O
S O
gamma O
2b O
recombination O
targets O
) O
to O
select O
for O
( O
ganciclovir O
) O
and O
against O
( O
hygromycin O
B O
) O
S O
region O
recombination O

The O
retro-substrates O
' O
strong O
, O
constitutive O
promoters O
ensure O
that O
variations O
in O
cellular O
switch O
recombinase O
activities O
are O
independent O
of O
S O
region O
accessibility O
control O

By O
initially O
selecting O
for O
proviral O
integrants O
in O
hygromycin O
followed O
by O
shifting O
into O
neomycin O
+ O
ganciclovir O
to O
select O
for O
S O
sequence-mediated O
deletions O
, O
switch O
recombinations O
can O
be O
specifically O
forestalled O
in O
B O
cell O
lines O
whilst O
most O
switch-incompetent O
cells O
do O
not O
survive O
secondary O
selection O

A O
qualitative O
, O
direct O
PCR O
assay O
reveals O
that O
SSR O
recombinations O
are O
stochastic O
in O
B O
cell O
lines O
generating O
a O
product O
array O
akin O
to O
natural O
GH O
class O
switching O

A O
semi-quantitative O
DC-PCR O
assay O
detects O
a O
significant O
recombinase O
activity O
only O
in O
a O
restricted O
set O
of O
late O
stage O
pre-B O
and O
mature O
B O
cell O
lines O

BCL1B1 O
mature O
B O
cells O
have O
the O
highest O
level O
of O
recombinase O
activity O
with O
25 O
% O
or O
more O
of O
proviral O
integrants O
accumulating O
S O
mu/S O
gamma O
2b O
substrate O
recombinations O
within O
10-14 O
cell O
generations O

The O
SSR O
recombinase O
assay O
can O
be O
performed O
in O
a O
transient O
fashion O
wherein O
extensive O
, O
B O
cell-specific O
recombination O
can O
be O
visualized O
within O
only O
a O
few O
cell O
divisions O
post O
proviral O
integration O

We O
propose O
that O
switch O
recombinase O
activity O
becomes O
activated O
during O
B O
cell O
ontogeny O
independent O
of O
or O
prior O
to O
the O
acquisition O
of O
CH O
locus O
accessibility O
and O
that O
endogenous O
S O
segment O
targeting O
to O
pre-existing O
recombinase O
requires O
a O
level O
of O
accessibility O
beyond O
transcriptional O
activation O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
determine O
the O
prevalence O
of O
illicit O
drug O
abuse O
and O
alcohol O
use O
in O
an O
obstetric O
population O
based O
in O
an O
urban O
maternity O
hospital O

SETTING O
: O
A O
collaborative O
study O
between O
the O
Rotunda O
Hospital O
, O
Dublin O
and O
the O
Irish O
National O
Drug O
Advisory O
& O
# O
38 O
; O
Treatment O
Centre O

DESIGN O
: O
A O
prospective O
study O
consisting O
of O
anonymous O
, O
unlinked O
urine O
testing O
of O
504 O
'first O
visit O
' O
antenatal O
patients O
and O
a O
separate O
group O
of O
515 O
patients O
six O
weeks O
after O
delivery O

METHODS O
& O
# O
38 O
; O
OUTCOME O
MEASURES O
: O
Toxicological O
screening O
using O
enzyme-linked O
immunoassay O
techniques O
, O
with O
all O
positive O
samples O
being O
reanalysed O

Drug O
histories O
were O
taken O
and O
samples O
were O
tested O
for O
alcohol O
and O
six O
of O
the O
most O
commonly O
abused O
drugs O

The O
pre- O
and O
postnatal O
prevalence O
of O
abuse O
was O
matched O
with O
demographic O
data O

RESULTS O
: O
The O
prevalence O
of O
chemical O
substance O
misuse O
in O
the O
antenatal O
population O
was O
2.8 O
% O
and O
5.6 O
% O
in O
the O
postnatal O
population O

Substances O
identified O
included O
benzodiazepines O
, O
cannabis O
, O
amphetamines O
, O
opiates O
and O
cocaine O

Less O
than O
2 O
% O
of O
samples O
tested O
positive O
for O
alcohol O

None O
of O
the O
women O
yielding O
positive O
samples O
had O
been O
pre-identified O
on O
the O
basis O
of O
history O

A O
significant O
proportion O
of O
the O
women O
were O
in O
the O
high O
risk O
categories O
with O
regard O
to O
age O
and O
socio-economic O
status O

CONCLUSION O
: O
The O
prevalence O
of O
drug O
misuse O
antenatally O
was O
nearly O
3 O
% O
and O
postnatally O
almost O
6 O
% O

Substance O
abusers O
in O
pregnancy O
are O
more O
likely O
to O
be O
single O
, O
unemployed O
, O
and O
to O
have O
had O
a O
previous O
pregnancy O

Schizophrenic D
illnesses D
occur O
with O
approximately O
the O
same O
incidence O
in O
all O
human O
populations O
with O
a O
characteristic O
distribution O
( O
slightly O
earlier O
in O
males O
) O
of O
ages O
of O
onset O

Given O
that O
the O
predisposition O
( O
which O
presumably O
is O
genetic O
) O
is O
associated O
with O
a O
procreative O
disadvantage O
why O
do O
such O
illnesses O
persist O
? O
Here O
it O
is O
suggested O
that O
these O
conditions O
are O
a O
manifestation O
of O
genetic O
diversity O
in O
the O
evolution O
of O
the O
specifically O
human O
characteristic O
of O
language O
, O
an O
innovation O
that O
has O
occurred O
by O
a O
process O
of O
progressive O
hemispheric O
specialization-the O
establishment O
of O
dominance O
for O
some O
critical O
component O
of O
language O
in O
one O
or O
the O
other O
hemisphere O

Individuals O
who O
develop O
schizophrenic D
symptoms D
show O
lesser O
anatomical O
and O
functional O
asymmetries O
than O
the O
population O
as O
a O
whole O
; O
such O
symptoms O
may O
reflect O
'dominance O
failure O
' O
for O
language O

Cloacal D
anomalies D
are O
extremely O
rare O
and O
have O
variable O
presentations O

Prenatal O
diagnosis O
can O
be O
difficult O
especially O
if O
they O
present O
in O
late O
gestation O

Here O
we O
present O
two O
cases O
diagnosed O
in O
the O
late O
third O
trimester O
and O
review O
the O
literature O
regarding O
prenatal O
diagnosis O
of O
cloacal D
anomalies D

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
determine O
whether O
patients O
with O
myocardial D
amyloidosis D
due O
either O
to O
AL O
( O
primary O
) O
amyloid O
or O
familial O
amyloid O
have O
distinguishing O
echocardiographic O
or O
electrocardiographic O
features O
; O
and O
to O
compare O
the O
prevalence O
of O
heart D
failure D
and O
survival O
in O
the O
two O
types O
of O
amyloidosis D
in O
relation O
to O
echocardiographic O
findings O

DESIGN O
: O
Blinded O
group O
comparison O
of O
randomly O
selected O
cases O
of O
cardiac D
amyloidosis D

SETTING O
: O
International O
referral O
centre O
for O
amyloid O
research O
and O
treatment O

PATIENTS O
: O
36 O
patients O
with O
cardiac D
amyloid D
heart D
disease D
, O
of O
whom O
12 O
had O
familial O
and O
24 O
had O
primary O
AL O
amyloidosis D

RESULTS O
: O
Familial O
and O
AL O
echocardiograms O
were O
morphologically O
indistinguishable O
, O
with O
similar O
left O
ventricular O
wall O
thickness O
, O
mean O
( O
SD O
) O
15.4 O
( O
2.3 O
) O
nu O
15.8 O
( O
2.5 O
) O
mm O
, O
respectively O
; O
right O
ventricular O
wall O
thickness O
was O
also O
similar O
between O
amyloid O
types O
: O
9.6 O
( O
2.8 O
) O
nu O
9.7 O
( O
6.5 O
) O
mm O
, O
respectively O

Doppler O
indices O
of O
left O
and O
right O
ventricular O
function O
, O
left O
ventricular O
volume O
, O
and O
ejection O
fraction O
were O
also O
similar O

Low O
voltage O
electrocardiograms O
( O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.5 O
mV O
) O
were O
more O
common O
in O
the O
AL O
( O
16/24 O
, O
67 O
% O
) O
than O
in O
the O
familial O
group O
( O
4/12 O
, O
25 O
% O
) O
, O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O

The O
one O
year O
survival O
for O
familial O
and O
AL O
forms O
was O
92 O
% O
( O
11/12 O
) O
nu O
38 O
% O
( O
6/24 O
) O
, O
respectively O
, O
with O
virtually O
all O
deaths O
due O
to O
cardiac O
causes O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Although O
cardiac O
involvement O
is O
echocardiographically O
indistinguishable O
, O
cardiac O
mortality O
is O
very O
different O
between O
the O
two O
forms O
of O
amyloidosis D

Preservation O
of O
electrocardiographic O
voltage O
in O
familial O
amyloidosis D
suggests O
that O
the O
particular O
biochemical O
characteristics O
of O
distinct O
types O
of O
amyloid O
fibril O
have O
different O
pathological O
effects O
on O
the O
myocardium O

This O
distinction O
becomes O
critical O
in O
the O
evaluation O
, O
treatment O
, O
and O
management O
of O
patients O
who O
have O
a O
diagnosis O
within O
the O
spectrum O
of O
the O
protein D
deposition D
diseases D

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
examine O
the O
relationship O
between O
plasma O
plasminogen O
activator O
inhibitor O
1 O
( O
PAI-1 O
) O
activity O
and O
PAI-1 O
gene O
( O
4G/5G O
) O
polymorphism O
and O
diabetic D
retinopathy D
in O
Pima O
Indians O
with O
type O
2 O
diabetes D

RESEARCH O
DESIGN O
AND O
METHODS O
: O
We O
studied O
171 O
Pima O
Indians O
with O
type O
2 O
diabetes D
between O
the O
ages O
of O
30-70 O
years O
in O
a O
population-based O
epidemiological O
survey O

Plasma O
PAI-1 O
activity O
was O
measured O
by O
a O
spectrophotometric O
assay O
and O
PAI-1 O
4G/5G O
promoter O
genotype O
by O
the O
polymerase O
chain O
reaction O
( O
PCR O
) O
using O
allele-specific O
primers O

Retinopathy D
was O
assessed O
by O
ophthalmoscopy O
after O
pupillary O
dilation O
and O
classified O
as O
any O
retinopathy D
or O
as O
nonproliferative O
and O
proliferative O

RESULTS O
: O
Retinopathy D
was O
present O
in O
70 O
( O
41 O
% O
) O
subjects O
, O
and O
4 O
( O
2.3 O
% O
) O
subjects O
had O
proliferative O
retinopathy D

Plasma O
PAI-1 O
activity O
was O
not O
significantly O
different O
among O
subjects O
with O
and O
without O
retinopathy D
( O
17.1 O
+/- O
vs. O
19.7 O
+/- O
9.1 O
arbitrary O
units O
( O
AU O
) O
/ml O
, O
P O
= O
0.09 O
) O

PAI-1 O
activity O
was O
negatively O
correlated O
with O
duration O
of O
diabetes D
( O
rs O
= O
-0.18 O
, O
P O
= O
0.02 O
) O

In O
a O
logistic O
regression O
analysis O
controlled O
for O
age O
, O
sex O
, O
BMI O
, O
and O
duration O
of O
diabetes D
, O
any O
retinopathy D
was O
significantly O
associated O
with O
fasting O
plasma O
glucose O
concentrations O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.05 O
) O
, O
2-h O
postload O
glucose O
( O
P O
= O
0.02 O
) O
, O
and O
HbA1c O
( O
P O
= O
0.008 O
) O
, O
but O
not O
with O
PAI-1 O
activity O
( O
P O
= O
0.48 O
) O

The O
prevalence O
of O
retinopathy D
in O
the O
three O
genotype O
groups O
differed O
significantly O
( O
4G/4G O
, O
4G/5G O
, O
and O
5G/5G O
were O
44 O
, O
49 O
, O
and O
24 O
% O
, O
respectively O
; O
chi O
2 O
= O
8.22 O
, O
df O
= O
2 O
, O
P O
= O
0.016 O
) O
and O
remained O
significant O
after O
controlling O
for O
age O
, O
sex O
, O
BMI O
, O
duration O
of O
diabetes D
, O
glycated O
hemoglobin O
, O
and O
urine O
albumin-to-creatine O
ratio O
in O
a O
logistic O
regression O
analysis O

The O
odds O
ratios O
for O
retinopathy D
in O
subjects O
with O
4G/4G O
and O
4G/5G O
, O
compared O
with O
the O
5G/5G O
genotype O
, O
were O
2.0 O
and O
3.1 O
, O
respectively O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Although O
diabetic D
retinopathy D
in O
Pima O
Indians O
with O
type O
2 O
diabetes D
is O
not O
associated O
with O
PAI-1 O
activity O
, O
subjects O
with O
the O
4G/4G O
and O
4G/5G O
genotype O
had O
a O
higher O
prevalence O
of O
retinopathy D
compared O
with O
5G/5G O
PAI-1genotype O

These O
preliminary O
findings O
indicate O
that O
in O
Pima O
Indians O
with O
type O
2 O
diabetes D
, O
presence O
of O
the O
4G O
allele O
of O
the O
PAI-1 O
gene O
was O
associated O
with O
a O
higher O
risk O
of O
diabetic D
retinopathy D

BACKGROUND O
: O
Diagnostic O
peritoneal O
lavage O
( O
DPL O
) O
is O
used O
to O
diagnose O
intra-abdominal D
injury D
in O
patients O
with O
stab D
wounds D
and O
blunt D
trauma D

Because O
exploratory T
celiotomy T
is O
routinely O
performed O
on O
patients O
with O
gunshot D
wounds D
to D
the D
abdomen D
, O
DPL O
is O
rarely O
employed O

However O
, O
several O
studies O
have O
questioned O
routine O
exploration O
and O
have O
drawn O
attention O
to O
the O
associated O
morbidity O
of O
negative O
celiotomy O

Diagnostic O
peritoneal O
lavage O
is O
an O
easily O
performed O
and O
inexpensive O
test O
that O
may O
be O
useful O
in O
this O
situation O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
evaluate O
the O
performance O
of O
DPL O
in O
the O
diagnosis O
of O
intra-abdominal D
injury D
in O
hemodynamically O
stable O
patients O
with O
gunshot D
wounds D
to O
the O
abdomen O

DESIGN O
: O
A O
prospective O
clinical O
trial O

SETTING O
: O
Two O
urban O
trauma O
centers O

PATIENTS O
: O
Patients O
with O
gunshot D
wounds D
to O
the O
abdomen O
and O
a O
systolic O
blood O
pressure O
of O
at O
least O
90 O
mm O
Hg O

INTERVENTIONS O
: O
Clinical O
predication O
of O
intra-abdominal D
injury D
in O
the O
emergency O
department O
and O
DPL O
performed O
in O
the O
operating O
room O
before O
the O
initiation O
of O
celiotomy O

Injuries O
found O
during O
the O
celiotomy O
were O
recorded O

MAIN O
OUTCOME O
MEASURES O
: O
The O
results O
of O
the O
clinical O
evaluation O
and O
DPL O
were O
compared O
with O
the O
findings O
of O
the O
celiotomy O

RESULTS O
: O
Forty-four O
patients O
were O
enrolled O
into O
the O
study O

Intra-abdominal D
injury D
was O
present O
in O
32 O
( O
73 O
% O
) O
of O
these O
patients O

The O
senior O
surgery O
resident O
correctly O
predicted O
the O
presence O
of O
intra-abdominal D
injury D
in O
36 O
( O
82 O
% O
) O
of O
the O
patients O
( O
sensitivity O
= O
90.0 O
% O
, O
specificity O
= O
58.3 O
% O
, O
positive O
predictive O
value O
= O
85.3 O
% O
, O
negative O
predictive O
value O
= O
63.6 O
% O
, O
phi O
= O
0.52 O
, O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
.01 O
) O
in O
the O
emergency O
department O
before O
DPL O
and O
celiotomy O
were O
performed O

Diagnostic O
peritoneal O
lavage O
correctly O
identified O
the O
presence O
or O
absence O
of O
intra-abdominal D
injury D
in O
40 O
( O
91 O
% O
) O
of O
the O
patients O
( O
positive O
predictive O
value O
= O
96.7 O
% O
, O
negative O
predictive O
value O
= O
78.6 O
% O
, O
phi O
= O
0.79 O
, O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
.01 O
) O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Clinical O
judgment O
is O
highly O
accurate O
in O
separating O
patients O
with O
tangential O
gunshot D
wounds D
to O
the O
abdomen O
from O
those O
with O
intra-abdominal D
injury D
but O
may O
miss O
patients O
with O
intra-abdominal D
hemorrhage D

Diagnostic O
peritoneal O
lavage O
is O
highly O
predictive O
of O
the O
presence O
of O
intra-abdominal D
injury D

The O
return O
of O
gross O
blood O
on O
aspiration O
or O
a O
lavage O
red O
blood O
cell O
count O
greater O
than O
10 O
x O
10 O
( O
9 O
) O
/L O
should O
prompt O
an O
urgent O
celiotomy O

Missed O
injuries O
are O
rare O
and O
most O
likely O
to O
be O
bowel D
perforations D

Diagnostic O
peritoneal O
lavage O
is O
an O
objective O
test O
that O
may O
augment O
clinical O
judgment O
in O
selecting O
hemodynamically O
stable O
patients O
with O
potential O
tangential O
gunshot D
wounds D
for O
observation O
and O
is O
especially O
useful O
in O
identifying O
intra-abdominal D
hemorrhage D

BACKGROUND O
: O
To O
evaluate O
the O
frequency O
of O
Blastocystis D
hominis D
parasitation D
and O
to O
ascertain O
its O
role O
as O
an O
intestinal O
a O
prospective O
study O
during O
18 O
months O
pathogen O
has O
been O
carried O
out O

SUBJECTS O
AND O
METHODS O
: O
The O
study O
included O
2 O
, O
039 O
patients O
, O
which O
were O
classified O
in O
three O
groups O
( O
asymptomatic O
( O
group O
A O
) O
, O
with O
suspicion O
of O
parasitosis D
( O
group O
B O
) O
, O
with O
diarrhoea D
( O
group O
C O
) O
) O

In O
all O
cases O
a O
coproparasitological O
study O
was O
performed O

In O
the O
group O
C O
the O
presence O
of O
non-parasitic O
enteropathogens O
was O
also O
investigated O

In O
patients O
with O
B O

hominis O
in O
the O
absence O
of O
other O
pathogens O
clinical O
and O
epidemiological O
characteristics O
were O
evaluated O

Also O
, O
its O
was O
determined O
the O
morphology O
and O
quantification O
of O
parasites O

RESULTS O
: O
Parasites O
were O
identified O
in O
26.2 O
% O
of O
population O

B O

hominis O
was O
identified O
in O
336 O
patients O
( O
16.5 O
% O
) O

The O
frequency O
of O
parasitation D
was O
superior O
in O
adults O
( O
p O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.0001 O
) O
, O
with O
a O
slight O
predominance O
in O
the O
female O
sex O

The O
rate O
of O
asymptomatic O
carriers O
was O
3.3 O
% O

In O
21 O
patients O
B O

hominis O
( O
group O
C O
) O
was O
observed O
in O
absence O
of O
other O
enteropathogens O

Statistical O
significant O
association O
was O
found O
between O
B O

hominis O
, O
in O
absence O
of O
other O
pathogens O
and O
the O
presence O
of O
clinical O
manifestations O
( O
p O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
0.0001 O
) O
, O
the O
most O
common O
of O
which O
were O
diarrhoea D
and O
abdominal D
pain D

We O
did O
not O
find O
a O
statistically O
significant O
association O
between O
the O
number O
of O
B O

hominis O
present O
and O
stool O
characteristics O

The O
vacuolar O
form O
was O
the O
predominant O
morphological O
type O

The O
ameboid O
form O
was O
observed O
only O
in O
diarrhoeal O
stools O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
B O

hominis O
is O
the O
most O
frequent O
parasite O
found O
in O
faecal O
parasitological O
investigation O

In O
absence O
of O
other O
causes O
, O
B O

hominis O
must O
be O
considered O
as O
a O
pathogen O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
BACKGROUND O
: O
The O
cause O
of O
severe O
acquired O
hyperammonemia O
, O
an O
uncommon O
but O
often O
fatal O
complication O
of O
organ O
transplantation O
and O
chemotherapy O
for O
cancer O
, O
is O
obscure O

< O
/TO_SEES O
> O
OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
test O
the O
hypothesis O
that O
liver O
glutamine O
synthetase O
deficiency O
may O
explain O
hyperammonemia D
in O
patients O
who O
have O
had O
organ T
transplantation T
or O
are O
receiving O
chemotherapy T

DESIGN O
: O
Case O
report O

PATIENTS O
: O
Two O
patients O
who O
had O
fatal O
hyperammonemia D
after O
orthotopic O
lung T
transplantation T
. O

MEASUREMENTS O
: O
Liver O
tissue O
was O
analyzed O
to O
determine O
the O
activities O
of O
two O
urea O
cycle O
enzymes O
and O
glutamine O
synthetase O

Western O
blot O
assays O
for O
hepatic O
glutamine O
synthetase O
were O
performed O
to O
determine O
whether O
glutamine O
synthetase O
deficiency O
resulted O
from O
reduced O
enzyme O
levels O

RESULTS O
: O
Activities O
of O
carbamoyl O
phosphate O
synthetase O
I O
and O
ornithine O
carbamoyltransferase O
in O
the O
liver O
were O
normal O

The O
activity O
of O
hepatic O
glutamine O
synthetase O
was O
markedly O
reduced O
( O
in O
patient O
1 O
, O
12 O
% O
of O
the O
mean O
value O
in O
controls O
; O
in O
patient O
2 O
, O
28 O
% O
of O
the O
mean O
value O
in O
controls O
) O
, O
and O
a O
concomitant O
reduction O
in O
the O
amount O
of O
glutamine O
synthetase O
protein O
was O
observed O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
CONCLUSION O
: O
Hyperammonemia O
after O
transplantation O
was O
associated O
with O
hepatic O
glutamine O
synthetase O
deficiency O
in O
two O
patients O
, O
but O
the O
causal O
relation O
between O
these O
two O
conditions O
must O
be O
further O
studied O

Postnatal O
growth O
was O
prospectively O
measured O
from O
birth O
to O
1 O
y O
in O
54 O
term O
infants O
born O
small O
for O
gestational O
age O
( O
SGA O
) O
, O
fed O
either O
breast O
milk O
or O
a O
standard O
term O
infant O
formula O

Breastfeeding O
was O
associated O
with O
a O
0.36 O
and O
0.64 O
standard O
deviation O
( O
SD O
) O
increase O
in O
weight O
at O
2 O
weeks O
and O
3 O
months O
of O
age O
, O
respectively O
, O
which O
persisted O
beyond O
the O
breastfeeding O
period O
( O
0.64 O
SD O
at O
1 O
y O
) O

Breastfed O
infants O
also O
showed O
greater O
catch-up O
growth O
in O
head O
circumference O
( O
SD O
score O
( O
SDS O
) O
0.53 O
higher O
at O
3 O
months O
) O
, O
and O
greater O
body O
length O
gain O
( O
SDS O
0.68 O
higher O
at O
6 O
months O
) O

This O
increased O
growth O
was O
independent O
of O
potentially O
confounding O
obstetric O
, O
social O
and O
demographic O
factors O

Our O
findings O
suggest O
that O
breastfeeding O
may O
promote O
faster O
growth O
in O
infants O
compromised O
by O
poor O
growth O
in O
utero O

SGA O
infants O
may O
be O
programmed O
for O
a O
number O
of O
adverse O
outcomes O
; O
the O
possibility O
that O
such O
events O
are O
altered O
by O
choice O
of O
postnatal O
diet O
is O
a O
key O
issue O
for O
future O
research O

BACKGROUND O
: O
Few O
studies O
have O
explored O
the O
health O
practices O
of O
critical O
care O
nurses O

Critical O
care O
nurses O
routinely O
teach O
patients O
about O
using O
healthy O
practices O
such O
as O
low-fat O
diets O
, O
exercise O
, O
and O
routine O
screening O
examinations O

However O
, O
it O
may O
be O
even O
more O
important O
that O
the O
nurses O
themselves O
have O
a O
healthy O
lifestyle O
, O
thus O
serving O
as O
role O
models O
for O
patients O

Nurses O
are O
selling O
a O
product O
, O
and O
that O
product O
is O
health O

The O
best O
salespersons O
are O
those O
who O
are O
genuinely O
committed O
to O
their O
product O
and O
model O
its O
benefits O

Therefore O
, O
critical O
care O
nurses O
' O
healthful O
practices O
can O
have O
a O
profound O
effect O
on O
their O
patients O

OBJECTIVES O
: O
The O
purpose O
of O
this O
descriptive O
exploratory O
study O
was O
to O
examine O
critical O
care O
nurses O
' O
responses O
to O
three O
questions O
about O
health O
practices O
in O
their O
daily O
lives O
: O
( O
1 O
) O
What O
are O
critical O
care O
nurses O
doing O
currently O
to O
stay O
healthy O
? O
( O
2 O
) O
Do O
they O
anticipate O
making O
any O
changes O
in O
their O
lifestyle O
in O
the O
future O
? O
( O
3 O
) O
Would O
they O
recommend O
their O
lifestyle O
to O
their O
patients O
? O
METHODS O
: O
One O
hundred O
twenty-seven O
critical O
care O
nurses O
attending O
a O
midwestern O
critical O
care O
conference O
completed O
a O
two-part O
questionnaire O
designed O
to O
produce O
a O
health O
profile O

In O
a O
man-on-the-street O
approach O
, O
23 O
nurses O
participated O
in O
an O
interview O
via O
video O
camera O

Descriptive O
statistics O
were O
used O
to O
analyze O
the O
data O
retrieved O
from O
the O
questionnaires O

Interviews O
were O
transcribed O
verbatim O
and O
analyzed O
for O
themes O
with O
a O
constant O
comparative O
method O

RESULTS O
: O
More O
than O
70 O
% O
of O
the O
critical O
care O
nurses O
who O
responded O
engage O
in O
exercise O
and O
follow O
a O
healthy O
, O
low-fat O
diet O

Seventy-one O
percent O
said O
that O
they O
anticipate O
making O
a O
change O
in O
their O
lifestyle O
in O
the O
future O
, O
and O
70 O
% O
said O
that O
they O
would O
recommend O
their O
lifestyle O
to O
their O
patients O

Five O
themes O
emerged O
from O
the O
videotaped O
interviews O
: O
( O
1 O
) O
Heart-healthy O
practices O
predominated O
the O
responses O

( O
2 O
) O
Incorporating O
a O
healthy O
lifestyle O
was O
easy O
for O
some O
and O
a O
struggle O
for O
others O

( O
3 O
) O
Critical O
care O
nurses O
readily O
listed O
barriers O
to O
healthy O
living O

( O
4 O
) O
The O
nurses O
had O
a O
positive O
attitude O
about O
their O
healthy O
lifestyles O
and O
felt O
optimistic O
about O
being O
role O
models O
for O
their O
patients O

( O
5 O
) O
Future O
plans O
were O
either O
singular O
in O
focus O
or O
limited O
to O
maintenance O
of O
current O
health O
habits O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
The O
majority O
of O
the O
nurses O
reported O
practicing O
a O
healthy O
lifestyle O
and O
thought O
that O
they O
were O
good O
role O
models O
for O
patients O

Cytochrome O
P450 O
1A1 O
( O
CYP1A1 O
) O
and O
glutathione O
S-transferase O
M1 O
( O
GSTM1 O
) O
genetic O
polymorphisms O
are O
involved O
in O
the O
activation O
and O
detoxification O
of O
chemical O
carcinogens O
found O
in O
tobacco O
smoke O
; O
thus O
they O
may O
influence O
host O
susceptibility O
to O
lung D
cancer D

In O
this O
study O
at O
Massachusetts O
General O
Hospital O
( O
Boston O
, O
MA O
, O
USA O
) O
of O
416 O
cases O
and O
446 O
controls O
( O
mostly O
White O
) O
we O
evaluated O
the O
association O
between O
the O
CYP1A1 O
MspI O
and O
GSTM1 O
polymorphisms O
and O
lung D
cancer D
risk O
, O
and O
their O
interaction O
with O
cigarette O
smoke O

The O
CYP1A1 O
MspI O
heterozygous O
genotype O
was O
present O
in O
18 O
percent O
of O
cases O
and O
16 O
percent O
of O
controls O
, O
and O
one O
percent O
of O
cases O
and O
controls O
were O
CYP1A1 O
MspI O
homozygous O
variant O

The O
GSTM1 O
null O
genotype O
was O
detected O
in O
54 O
percent O
of O
cases O
and O
52 O
percent O
of O
controls O

After O
adjusting O
for O
age O
, O
gender O
, O
pack-years O
of O
smoking O
, O
and O
years O
since O
quitting O
smoking O
, O
while O
neither O
the O
CYP1A1 O
MspI O
heterozygous O
genotype O
alone O
nor O
the O
GSTM1 O
null O
genotype O
alone O
were O
associated O
with O
a O
significant O
increase O
in O
lung D
cancer D
risk O
, O
having O
both O
genetic O
traits O
was O
associated O
with O
a O
twofold O
increase O
in O
risk O
( O
95 O
percent O
confidence O
interval O
( O
CI O
) O
= O
1.0-3.4 O
) O

Our O
data O
did O
not O
provide O
enough O
evidence O
for O
a O
substantial O
modification O
of O
the O
effect O
of O
pack-years O
on O
lung D
cancer D
risk O
by O
the O
CYP1A1 O
MspI O
and O
GSTM1 O
genotypes O

However O
, O
limitations O
of O
our O
study O
preclude O
a O
conclusion O
about O
this O
potential O
interaction O

BACKGROUND O
: O
Thrombolytic T
treatment T
has O
been O
shown O
to O
accelerate O
resolution O
of O
major D
pulmonary D
embolism D
and O
lead O
to O
a O
rapid O
improvement O
of O
right-side O
hemodynamics O

However O
, O
the O
association O
between O
these O
favorable O
effects O
and O
the O
clinical O
outcome O
of O
patients O
who O
have O
no O
severe O
hemodynamic D
compromise D
at O
presentation O
remains O
unknown O

METHODS O
AND O
RESULTS O
: O
The O
present O
multicenter O
registry O
included O
719 O
consecutive O
patients O
with O
major D
pulmonary D
embolism D
according O
to O
clinical O
, O
echocardiographic O
, O
scintigraphic O
, O
and O
cardiac O
catheterization O
criteria O

Symptom O
onset O
was O
acute O
( O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
48 O
hours O
) O
in O
63 O
% O
of O
patients O

All O
patients O
were O
hemodynamically O
stable O
( O
ie O
, O
without O
evidence O
of O
cardiogenic D
shock D
) O
at O
presentation O

treatment T
( O
within O
24 O
hours O
of O
diagnosis O
) O
was O
given O
to O
169 O
patients O
( O
23.5 O
% O
) O
, O
whereas O
the O
remaining O
550 O
patients O
were O
initially O
treated O
with O
heparin T
alone O

Overall O
30-day O
mortality O
was O
significantly O
lower O
in O
the O
patients O
who O
received O
thrombolytic T
agents T
( O
4.7 O
versus O
11.1 O
% O
, O
P=.016 O
) O

Clinical O
factors O
associated O
with O
a O
higher O
death O
rate O
were O
syncope D
( O
P=.012 O
) O
, O
arterial D
hypotension D
( O
P=.021 O
) O
, O
history O
of O
congestive D
heart D
failure D
( O
P=.013 O
) O
, O
and O
chronic D
pulmonary D
disease D
( O
P=.032 O
) O

However O
, O
only O
primary D
thrombolysis D
was O
found O
by O
multivariate O
analysis O
to O
be O
an O
independent O
predictor O
of O
survival O
( O
odds O
ratio O
for O
in-hospital O
death O
, O
0.46 O
; O
95 O
% O
confidence O
interval O
, O
0.21 O
to O
1.00 O
) O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Patients O
who O
underwent O
early O
thrombolytic O
treatment O
had O
a O
reduced O
rate O
of O
recurrent O
pulmonary O
embolism O
( O
7.7 O
versus O
18.7 O
% O
, O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
.001 O
) O
but O
also O
a O
higher O
frequency O
of O
major O
bleeding O
episodes O
( O
21.9 O
% O
versus O
7.8 O
% O
, O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
.001 O
) O

Cerebral D
bleeding D
occurred O
in O
2 O
patients O
in O
each O
treatment O
group O
, O
and O
1 O
patient O
in O
each O
group O
died O
of O
a O
bleeding D
complication O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
The O
results O
of O
our O
study O
suggest O
that O
thrombolysis T
may O
favorably O
affect O
the O
clinical O
outcome O
of O
hemodynamically O
stable O
patients O
with O
major D
pulmonary D
embolism D

A O
66-year-old O
male O
engineer O
diagnosed O
with O
malignant D
pleural D
mesothelioma D
4 O
years O
previously O
had O
thoracotomy T
, T
radiotherapy T
, T
and T
chemotherapy T

He O
was O
followed O
regularly O
with O
chest O
computed O
tomography O
( O
CT O
) O
scan O
and O
had O
been O
asymptomatic O

During O
one O
of O
his O
physical O
examinations O
, O
routine O
sigmoidoscopy O
showed O
incidental O
colonic D
polyps D
which O
were O
biopsied O

Subsequently O
, O
recurrence O
of O
pleural D
mesothelioma D
and O
peritoneal O
involvement O
by O
mesothelioma D
was O
documented O

Two O
of O
the O
polyps O
showed O
metastatic D
malignant D
mesothelioma D
in O
the O
lamina O
propia O
which O
strongly O
resembled O
adenocarcinoma D
histologically O
causing O
difficulty O
in O
making O
definitive O
diagnosis O

Review O
of O
the O
literature O
disclosed O
no O
previously O
documented O
similar O
occurrence O

This O
case O
shows O
the O
importance O
of O
clinical O
history O
and O
ancillary O
laboratory O
procedures O
such O
as O
immunohistochemistry O
and O
electron O
microscopy O
to O
avoid O
diagnostic O
pitfalls O

The O
authors O
report O
the O
postoperative O
magnetic O
resonance O
( O
MR O
) O
imaging O
findings O
in O
36 O
patients O
with O
advanced D
Parkinson D
's D
disease D
who O
underwent O
unilateral T
microelectrode-guided T
posteroventral T
pallidotomy T

The O
lesions O
were O
placed O
within O
1 O
mm O
of O
the O
ventral O
border O
of O
the O
globus O
pallidus O
internus O
( O
GPi O
) O
to O
include O
pallidothalamic O
outflow O
pathways O

Sequential O
MR O
studies O
were O
obtained O
within O
1 O
to O
3 O
days O
postoperatively O
and O
at O
6-month O
follow-up O
examination O

Thirty-four O
( O
94 O
% O
) O
of O
the O
36 O
patients O
enjoyed O
sustained O
moderate O
or O
marked O
improvement O
of O
their O
parkinsonian D
symptoms D
6 O
months O
postoperatively O

Transient O
side O
effects O
occurred O
in O
five O
patients O
( O
14 O
% O
) O
, O
but O
there O
were O
no O
persistent O
complications O

The O
pallidal O
radiofrequency O
lesions O
were O
prolate O
spheroid O
shaped O
and O
were O
composed O
of O
three O
concentric O
zones O
in O
the O
early O
postoperative O
studies O

The O
mean O
volume O
of O
the O
middle O
zone O
, O
corresponding O
to O
the O
area O
of O
hemorrhagic D
coagulation D
necrosis D
, O
was O
44.4 O
+/- O
17.6 O
mm3 O
; O
the O
mean O
lesion O
volume O
as O
defined O
by O
the O
outer O
zone O
, O
corresponding O
to O
perilesional D
edema D
, O
was O
262.2 O
+/- O
111.6 O
mm3 O

Additional O
edema D
spreading O
to O
the O
internal O
capsule O
was O
noted O
in O
32 O
of O
34 O
cases O
and O
to O
the O
optic O
tract O
in O
11 O
of O
34 O
cases O

In O
two O
patients O
small O
ischemic D
infarctions D
involving O
the O
corona O
radiata O
were O
found O
, O
and O
in O
one O
a O
venous D
infarction D
was O
detected O

Ischemic D
infarction D
resulted O
in O
mild O
transient O
Broca D
's D
aphasia D
in O
one O
patient O
, O
but O
there O
was O
no O
detectable O
neurological O
deficit O
in O
the O
other O
two O

The O
mean O
volume O
of O
late-phase O
( O
6 O
months O
) O
lesions O
was O
22 O
+/- O
28.8 O
mm3 O

In O
three O
patients O
no O
lesion O
was O
identified O
despite O
sustained O
clinical O
improvement O

The O
lesion O
was O
located O
in O
the O
posteroventral O
GPi O
in O
all O
cases O
except O
in O
one O
patient O
in O
whom O
it O
was O
confined O
to O
the O
GP O
externus O
( O
GPe O
) O

This O
49-year-old O
woman O
did O
not O
experience O
sustained O
benefit O

The O
authors O
found O
no O
consistent O
correlations O
between O
lesion O
size O
and O
location O
and O
clinical O
outcome O
as O
measured O
by O
a O
global O
outcome O
score O
, O
the O
Unified O
Parkinson O
's O
Disease O
Rating O
Scale O
motor O
, O
activities O
of O
daily O
living O
, O
and O
bradykinesia O
`` O
off O
'' O
scores O
or O
rating O
of O
dyskinesias O

Lesioning O
of O
pallidal O
and O
subpallidal O
pathways O
may O
contribute O
to O
the O
sustained O
clinical O
benefit O
in O
this O
series O

Magnetic O
resonance O
imaging O
analysis O
showed O
that O
intraoperative O
microelectrode O
recording O
facilitated O
accurate O
placement O
of O
the O
lesion O
in O
this O
critical O
area O

A O
commercially O
available O
health O
food O
product O
of O
cold-pressed O
hemp O
seed O
oil O
ingested O
by O
one O
volunteer O
twice O
a O
day O
for O
4 O
1/2 O
days O
( O
135 O
mL O
total O
) O

Urine O
specimens O
collected O
from O
the O
volunteer O
were O
subjected O
to O
standard O
workplace O
urine O
drug O
testing O
procedures O
, O
and O
the O
following O
concentrations O
of O
11-nor-delta9- O
tetrahydrocannabinol O
carboxylic O
acid O
( O
9-THCA O
) O
were O
detected O
: O
41 O
ng/mL O
9-THCA O
at O
45 O
h O
, O
49 O
ng/mL O
at O
69 O
h O
, O
and O
55 O
ng/mL O
at O
93 O
h. O
Ingestion O
was O
discontinued O
after O
93 O
h O
, O
and O
the O
following O
concentrations O
were O
detected O
: O
68 O
ng/mL O
at O
108 O
h O
, O
57 O
ng/mL O
at O
117 O
h O
, O
31 O
ng/mL O
at O
126 O
h O
, O
and O
20 O
ng/mL O
at O
142 O
h. O
The O
first O
specimen O
that O
tested O
negative O
( O
50 O
ng/mL O
initial O
immunoassay O
test O
, O
15 O
ng/mL O
confirmatory O
gas O
chromatographic-mass O
spectrometric O
test O
) O
was O
at O
146 O
h O
, O
which O
was O
53 O
h O
after O
the O
last O
hemp O
seed O
oil O
ingestion O

Four O
subsequent O
specimens O
taken O
to O
177 O
h O
were O
also O
negative O

This O
study O
indicates O
that O
a O
workplace O
urine O
drug O
test O
positive O
for O
cannabinoids O
may O
arise O
from O
the O
consumption O
of O
commercially O
available O
cold-pressed O
hemp O
seed O
oil O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
We O
determined O
the O
sensitivity O
and O
specificity O
of O
neonatal O
brain-stem O
auditory O
evoked O
potentials O
( O
BAEP O
) O
as O
markers O
for O
subsequent O
hearing D
impairment D
and O
for O
developmental D
problems D
found O
later O
in O
infancy O
and O
childhood O

METHODS O
: O
BAEP O
studies O
were O
performed O
before O
discharge O
in O
infants O
treated O
with O
extracorporeal T
membrane T
oxygenation T
( T
ECMO T
) T
, O
and O
two O
specific O
abnormalities O
were O
analyzed O
: O
elevated O
threshold O
and O
delayed O
central O
auditory O
conduction O

Behavioral O
audiometry O
was O
repeated O
during O
periodic O
follow-up O
until O
reliable O
responses O
were O
obtained O
for O
all O
frequencies O
, O
and O
standardized O
developmental O
testing O
was O
also O
conducted O

The O
sensitivity O
and O
specificity O
of O
an O
elevated O
threshold O
on O
the O
neonatal O
BAEP O
for O
detecting O
subsequent O
hearing O
loss O
, O
and O
the O
relationship O
of O
any O
neonatal O
BAEP O
abnormality O
to O
language O
or O
developmental O
disorders O
in O
infancy O
, O
were O
calculated O

RESULTS O
: O
Test O
results O
for O
46 O
ECMO-treated O
infants O
( O
57.5 O
% O
) O
were O
normal O
, O
and O
those O
for O
34 O
infants O
( O
42.5 O
% O
) O
were O
abnormal O
, O
with O
either O
elevated O
wave O
V O
threshold O
, O
prolonged O
wave O
I-V O
interval O
, O
or O
both O
on O
neonatal O
BAEP O
recordings O

Most O
significantly O
, O
7 O
( O
58 O
% O
) O
of O
the O
12 O
children O
with O
subsequent O
sensorineural D
hearing D
loss D
had O
left O
the O
hospital O
after O
showing O
normal O
results O
on O
threshold O
tests O

There O
was O
no O
significant O
difference O
in O
the O
frequency O
of O
hearing D
loss D
between O
subjects O
with O
abnormal O
( O
5/21 O
, O
or O
24 O
% O
) O
and O
those O
with O
normal O
BAEP O
thresholds O
( O
7/59 O
, O
or O
12 O
% O
; O
Fisher O
Exact O
Test O
, O
p O
= O
0.28 O
) O

Therefore O
the O
sensitivity O
of O
neonatal O
BAEP O
testing O
for O
predicting O
subsequent O
hearing D
loss D
was O
only O
42 O
% O

Neonatal O
BAEP O
specificity O
for O
excluding O
subsequent O
hearing D
loss D
was O
76 O
% O

In O
contrast O
, O
on O
language O
development O
testing O
, O
19 O
children O
demonstrated O
receptive O
language O
delay O

Of O
these O
children O
, O
12 O
( O
63 O
% O
) O
had O
abnormal O
neonatal O
BAEP O
recordings O
and O
7 O
( O
37 O
% O
) O
had O
a O
normal O
BAEP O
threshold O
, O
normal O
central O
auditory O
conduction O
test O
results O
, O
or O
both O
( O
p O
= O
0.04 O
) O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Neonatal O
BAEP O
threshold O
recordings O
were O
of O
limited O
value O
for O
predicting O
subsequent O
hearing D
loss D
common O
in O
ECMO T
-treated O
survivors O

However O
, O
an O
abnormal O
neonatal O
BAEP O
significantly O
increased O
the O
probability O
of O
finding O
a O
receptive O
language O
delay O
during O
early O
childhood O
, O
even O
in O
those O
with O
subsequently O
normal O
audiometry O
findings O

Because O
neonatal O
ECMO T
is O
associated O
with O
a O
high O
risk O
of O
hearing D
and D
receptive D
language D
disorders D
, O
parents O
should O
be O
counseled O
that O
audiologic O
and O
developmental O
follow-up O
evaluations O
in O
surviving O
children O
are O
essential O
regardless O
of O
the O
results O
of O
neonatal O
BAEP O
testing O

The O
Federated O
Council O
of O
Internal O
Medicine O
has O
developed O
a O
resource O
guide O
to O
help O
internal O
medicine O
residency O
programs O
produce O
internists O
who O
are O
prepared O
for O
today O
's O
practice O
of O
internal O
medicine O
and O
the O
challenges O
of O
practice O
in O
the O
future O

The O
guide O
situates O
general O
internal O
medicine O
as O
the O
primary O
care O
profession O
that O
focuses O
on O
preventive O
, O
short-term O
, O
and O
long-term O
care O
of O
adult O
patients O

It O
assumes O
that O
a O
single O
pathway O
is O
sufficient O
for O
educating O
general O
internists O
and O
subspecialty-bound O
trainees O

It O
identifies O
the O
learning O
experiences O
that O
should O
be O
part O
of O
general O
internal O
medicine O
residency O
training O
, O
lists O
the O
clinical O
competencies O
that O
are O
important O
for O
primary O
care O
practice O
, O
and O
describes O
the O
role O
of O
the O
integrative O
disciplines O
that O
should O
inform O
the O
care O
of O
every O
patient O

It O
also O
describes O
a O
process O
that O
program O
directors O
and O
local O
program O
committees O
can O
use O
to O
develop O
competency-based O
curricula O

BACKGROUND O
: O
Darier D
disease D
is O
an O
uncommon O
genodermatosis D
characterized O
by O
the O
symmetrical O
eruption O
of O
keratotic O
reddish-brown O
papules O
occurring O
in O
the O
seborrheic O
areas O
of O
the O
body O

A O
unilateral O
, O
or O
localized O
, O
variant O
has O
been O
identified O

We O
report O
4 O
new O
cases O
of O
localized O
Darier D
disease D
and O
review O
the O
English-language O
literature O

The O
implications O
of O
these O
cases O
on O
future O
genetic O
studies O
are O
also O
discussed O

OBSERVATIONS O
: O
Localized O
Darier D
disease D
occurred O
with O
equal O
frequency O
in O
males O
and O
females O

The O
average O
age O
at O
onset O
was O
27 O
years O

The O
most O
frequent O
site O
of O
involvement O
was O
the O
trunk O
( O
40 O
% O
( O
16/40 O
) O
) O

This O
condition O
was O
aggravated O
by O
sunlight O
, O
heat O
, O
or O
sweating O
in O
42 O
% O
( O
19/40 O
) O
of O
reported O
cases O
, O
and O
38 O
% O
( O
15/40 O
) O
of O
the O
patients O
responded O
to O
treatment O
with O
topical O
tretinoin T

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Many O
of O
the O
clinical O
features O
of O
localized O
Darier D
disease D
suggest O
that O
it O
is O
a O
genetic O
mosaic O
of O
generalized O
Darier D
disease D

Further O
studies O
of O
localized O
Darier D
disease D
may O
therefore O
prove O
to O
be O
instrumental O
in O
the O
search O
for O
the O
Darier D
disease D
gene O

UV O
radiation O
induces O
two O
major O
DNA O
damage O
products O
, O
the O
cyclobutane O
pyrimidine O
dimer O
( O
CPD O
) O
and O
, O
at O
a O
lower O
frequency O
, O
the O
pyrimidine O
( O
6-4 O
) O
pyrimidinone O
dimer O
( O
6-4 O
product O
) O

Although O
Escherichia O
coli O
and O
Saccharomyes O
cerevisiae O
produce O
a O
CPD-specific O
photolyase O
that O
eliminates O
only O
this O
class O
of O
dimer O
, O
Arabidopsis O
thaliana O
, O
Drosphila O
melanogaster O
, O
Crotalus O
atrox O
, O
and O
Xenopus O
laevis O
have O
recently O
been O
shown O
to O
photoreactivate O
both O
CPDs O
and O
6-4 O
products O

We O
describe O
the O
isolation O
and O
characterization O
of O
two O
new O
classes O
of O
mutants O
of O
Arabidopsis O
, O
termed O
uvr2 O
and O
uvr3 O
, O
that O
are O
defective O
in O
the O
photoreactivation O
of O
CPDs O
and O
6-4 O
products O
, O
respectively O

We O
demonstrate O
that O
the O
CPD O
photolyase O
mutation O
is O
genetically O
linked O
to O
a O
DNA O
sequence O
encoding O
a O
type O
II O
( O
metazoan O
) O
CPD O
photolyase O

In O
addition O
, O
we O
are O
able O
to O
generate O
plants O
in O
which O
only O
CPDs O
or O
6-4 O
products O
are O
photoreactivated O
in O
the O
nuclear O
genome O
by O
exposing O
these O
mutants O
to O
UV O
light O
and O
then O
allowing O
them O
to O
repair O
one O
or O
the O
other O
class O
of O
dimers O

This O
provides O
us O
with O
a O
unique O
opportunity O
to O
study O
the O
biological O
consequences O
of O
each O
of O
these O
two O
major O
UV-induced O
photoproducts O
in O
an O
intact O
living O
system O

A O
diffuse O
macular D
erythroderma D
and O
subsequent O
desquamation D
after O
1 O
to O
2 O
weeks O
are O
two O
of O
the O
five O
major O
diagnostic O
criteria O
of O
toxic D
shock D
syndrome D
( D
TSS D
) D

We O
present O
the O
case O
of O
a O
15-month-old O
girl O
with O
TSS D
, O
but O
without O
erythroderma D
or O
desquamation D

She O
was O
admitted O
with O
high D
fever D
, O
shock D
, O
and O
multiorgan O
involvement O

Minimal O
or O
no O
cutaneous O
signs O
were O
present O

Initially O
the O
diagnosis O
of O
the O
syndrome O
of O
hemorrhagic D
shock D
and O
encephalopathy D
was O
made O

After O
7 O
days O
, O
a O
TSS D
toxin O
1-producing O
strain O
of O
Staphylococcus O
aureus O
was O
cultured O
from O
an O
inguinal O
lymph O
node O
, O
where O
inflammation D
had O
already O
been O
noticed O
on O
admission O

Moreover O
, O
the O
girl O
had O
no O
antibodies O
against O
this O
toxin O

The O
serum O
cytokine O
profile O
during O
the O
acute O
phase O
of O
her O
illness O
showed O
high O
levels O
of O
tumor O
necrosis O
factor-alpha O
, O
interleukin-6 O
and O
interferon-gamma O
, O
as O
is O
seen O
during O
activation O
of O
the O
immune O
system O
by O
TSS D
toxin O
1 O

Other O
possible O
causes O
for O
the O
patient O
's O
illness O
were O
excluded O

We O
conclude O
that O
the O
patient O
had O
TSS D
without O
rash D

Without O
the O
evidence O
implicating O
a O
TSS D
toxin O
1-producing O
strain O
of O
S. O
aureus O
as O
the O
cause O
of O
her O
disease O
, O
a O
diagnosis O
of O
syndrome O
of O
hemorrhagic D
shock D
and O
encephalopathy D
would O
have O
been O
made O

It O
is O
possible O
that O
some O
cases O
of O
syndrome O
of O
hemorrhagic D
shock D
and O
encephalopathy D
represent O
a O
variant O
of O
TSS D
in O
small O
children O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
BACKGROUND O
: O
The O
growing O
teratoma O
syndrome O
refers O
to O
the O
phenomenon O
whereby O
germ O
cell O
tumors O
enlarge O
after O
chemotherapy O
despite O
complete O
eradication O
of O
malignant O
cells O
and O
normalization O
of O
serum O
tumor O
markers O

This O
clinical O
scenario O
must O
be O
differentiated O
from O
that O
in O
which O
germ D
cell D
tumors D
maintain O
their O
malignant O
characteristics O
with O
elevated O
levels O
of O
serum O
tumor O
markers O

METHODS O
: O
Hospital O
record O
review O
was O
conducted O
of O
2 O
cases O

RESULTS O
: O
Two O
male O
patients O
are O
presented O
, O
1 O
with O
a O
metastatic D
germ D
cell D
tumor D
of O
both O
the O
retroperitoneum O
and O
mediastinum O
( O
with O
elevated O
alpha-fetoprotein O
level O
) O
and O
1 O
with O
a O
primary D
germ D
cell D
tumor D
of O
the O
mediastinum O
( O
with O
elevated O
alpha-fetoprotein O
and O
beta-human O
chorionic O
gonadotropin O
levels O
) O

After O
completion O
of O
chemotherapy T
and O
normalization O
of O
tumor O
markers O
, O
both O
patients O
presented O
with O
pulmonary D
symptoms D
attributable O
to O
their O
massively O
enlarging O
mediastinal D
teratomas D
. O

The O
clinical O
and O
roentgenographic O
features O
of O
patients O
with O
thoracic O
manifestations O
of O
the O
growing O
teratoma D
syndrome D
, O
as O
well O
as O
its O
management O
, O
are O
reviewed O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
CONCLUSIONS O
: O
After O
chemotherapy T
in O
patients O
with O
primary D
or D
metastatic D
mediastinal D
germ D
cell D
tumors D
whose O
tumor O
markers O
normalize O
, O
a O
growing O
mass O
in O
the O
mediastinum O
may O
represent O
the O
growing O
teratoma D
syndrome D

The O
chicken O
calmodulin O
I O
( O
CaMI O
) O
gene O
has O
been O
isolated O
and O
characterized O
on O
the O
level O
of O
cDNA O
and O
genomic O
DNA O

The O
deduced O
amino O
acid O
( O
aa O
) O
sequence O
is O
identical O
to O
the O
one O
of O
chicken O
CaMII O
which O
consists O
of O
148 O
aa O

The O
CaMI O
gene O
contains O
six O
exons O

Its O
intron/exon O
organization O
is O
identical O
to O
that O
of O
the O
chicken O
CaMII O
and O
the O
CaMI O
and O
CaMIII O
genes O
of O
rat O
and O
human O

Expression O
of O
the O
CaMI O
gene O
was O
detected O
in O
all O
chicken O
tissues O
examined O
, O
although O
at O
varying O
levels O

The O
gene O
is O
transcribed O
into O
four O
mRNAs O
of O
0.8 O
, O
1.4 O
, O
1.7 O
and O
4.4 O
kb O
as O
determined O
by O
Northern O
blot O
analysis O

Our O
results O
demonstrate O
that O
the O
`` O
multigene-one-protein O
'' O
principle O
of O
CaM O
synthesis O
is O
not O
only O
applicable O
to O
mammals O
whose O
CaM O
is O
encoded O
by O
three O
different O
genes O
, O
but O
also O
to O
chickens O

BACKGROUND O
: O
We O
assessed O
the O
accuracy O
of O
two O
electron O
beam O
computed O
tomography O
( O
EBCT O
) O
protocols O
for O
predicting O
coronary D
events D

METHODS O
AND O
RESULTS O
: O
In O
1994 O
, O
24 O
months O
after O
enrollment O
in O
a O
longitudinal O
study O
, O
326 O
high-risk O
adults O
underwent O
both O
3- O
and O
6-mm O
image-slice O
thickness O
EBCT O
scanning O
and O
were O
followed O
up O
for O
32.0+/-4.0 O
additional O
months O

Events O
were O
defined O
as O
either O
coronary O
death O
, O
myocardial D
infarction D
, O
or O
revascularization D

We O
monitored O
these O
subjects O
for O
the O
32-month O
postscanning O
period O
with O
yearly O
phone O
calls O
and O
acquisition O
of O
records O
for O
all O
hospital O
admissions O

At O
the O
time O
of O
scanning O
, O
11 O
subjects O
( O
3 O
% O
) O
had O
already O
suffered O
12 O
events O
( O
5 O
infarctions D
and O
7 O
revascularizations D
) O
during O
the O
24-month O
prescanning O
period O

During O
the O
postscanning O
period O
, O
18 O
subjects O
( O
6 O
% O
) O
suffered O
23 O
events O
( O
5 O
coronary O
deaths O
, O
6 O
infarctions D
, O
and O
12 O
revascularizations D
) O

Thus O
, O
28 O
subjects O
( O
9 O
% O
) O
suffered O
35 O
events O

Calcium O
quantities O
calculated O
for O
both O
protocols O
, O
performed O
on O
the O
same O
subjects O
, O
were O
sorted O
in O
ascending O
order O
and O
divided O
into O
equal O
quartiles O

When O
revascularizations D
were O
included O
, O
there O
was O
a O
significant O
trend O
toward O
higher O
frequencies O
of O
events O
with O
increasing O
calcium O
quantity O
( O
P O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
.01 O
) O

However O
, O
coronary O
death O
and O
infarction D
were O
not O
significantly O
more O
frequent O
in O
higher O
quartiles O

These O
relationships O
were O
preserved O
in O
the O
subjects O
without O
prior O
events O
at O
the O
time O
of O
scanning O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Calcium O
quantities O
from O
the O
3-mm O
and O
the O
more O
reproducible O
6-mm O
scanning O
are O
equally O
accurate O
for O
predicting O
events O

Coronary O
calcium O
amount O
appears O
to O
be O
a O
weak O
predictor O
of O
coronary O
death O
and O
infarction D

Its O
predictive O
accuracy O
is O
superior O
for O
predicting O
revascularization D

Research O
into O
the O
genetic O
component O
of O
some O
complex O
behaviors O
often O
causes O
controversy O
, O
depending O
on O
the O
social O
meaning O
and O
significance O
of O
the O
behavior O
under O
study O

Research O
into O
sexual O
orientation-simplistically O
referred O
to O
as O
`` O
gay O
gene O
'' O
research-is O
an O
example O
of O
research O
that O
provokes O
intense O
controversy O

This O
research O
is O
worrisome O
for O
many O
reasons O
, O
including O
the O
fact O
that O
it O
has O
been O
used O
to O
harm O
lesbians O
and O
gay O
men O

Many O
homosexual O
people O
have O
been O
forced O
to O
undergo O
`` O
treatments O
'' O
to O
change O
their O
sexual O
orientation O

Other O
chose O
to O
undergo O
them O
to O
escape O
discrimination O
and O
social O
disapprobation O

But O
there O
are O
other O
reasons O
to O
worry O
about O
such O
research O

The O
very O
motivation O
for O
seeking O
an O
`` O
origin O
'' O
of O
homosexuality O
reveals O
homophobia O

Moreover O
, O
such O
research O
may O
lead O
to O
prenatal O
tests O
that O
claim O
to O
predict O
for O
homosexuality O

For O
homosexual O
people O
who O
live O
in O
countries O
with O
no O
legal O
protections O
these O
dangers O
are O
particularly O
serious O

The O
efficiency O
of O
testicular T
sperm T
retrieval T
by T
testicular T
fine T
needle T
aspiration T
( T
TEFNA T
) T
was O
compared O
with O
open T
biopsy T
and T
testicular T
sperm T
extraction T
( T
TESE T
) T
, O
in O
37 O
rigorously O
selected O
patients O
with O
non-obstructive D
azoospermia D

All O
patients O
underwent O
TEFNA T
and O
TESE T
consecutively O

Thus O
, O
each O
patient O
served O
as O
his O
own O
control O

The O
case O
was O
regarded O
as O
successful O
if O
at O
least O
one O
testicular O
spermatozoon O
was O
found O
allowing O
intracytoplasmic O
sperm O
injection O
( O
ICSI O
) O
of O
at O
least O
one O
oocyte O

The O
mean O
age O
of O
the O
male O
patients O
was O
32.7 O
years O
( O
range O
24-47 O
) O

Whereas O
by O
TEFNA T
spermatozoa O
enabling O
performance O
of O
ICSI O
were O
found O
in O
only O
four O
patients O
out O
of O
37 O
( O
11 O
% O
) O
, O
open T
biopsy T
and T
TESE T
yielded O
spermatozoa O
in O
16 O
cases O
( O
43 O
% O
) O

The O
negative O
predictive O
value O
of O
high O
serum O
follicle O
stimulating O
hormone O
( O
FSH O
) O
concentrations O
( O
> O
or O
=10 O
IU/l O
) O
( O
predicting O
failure O
to O
find O
spermatozoa O
for O
ICSI O
) O
was O
low O
( O
38.4 O
% O
) O

The O
positive O
predictive O
value O
( O
predicting O
the O
chance O
to O
find O
spermatozoa O
for O
ICSI O
) O
of O
normal-sized O
testicle O
was O
not O
different O
from O
that O
of O
small-sized O
( O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
15 O
ml O
) O
testicle O
( O
50 O
% O
) O

Complications O
included O
one O
case O
of O
testicular D
bleeding D
following O
fine T
needle T
aspiration T
, O
treated O
locally O
, O
and O
two O
cases O
of O
extratunical D
haematomata D
following O
TESE O
requiring O
no O
intervention O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
In O
patients O
with O
non-obstructive O
azoospermia O
, O
TEFNA O
has O
a O
significantly O
lower O
yield O
compared O
to O
TESE O

Performance O
of O
ICSI O
with O
testicular O
sperm O
in O
these O
cases O
resulted O
in O
satisfactory O
fertilization O
and O
high O
embryo O
transfer O
rates O

The O
implantation O
and O
pregnancy O
rates O
per O
embryo O
transfer O
were O
13 O
and O
29 O
% O
respectively O

Neither O
serum O
FSH O
values O
nor O
testicular O
size O
were O
predictive O
of O
the O
chances O
to O
find O
spermatozoa O
for O
ICSI O

Some O
complications O
may O
occur O
even O
following O
TEFNA T

Cyclin O
D1 O
, O
the O
regulatory O
subunit O
of O
certain O
protein O
kinases O
thought O
to O
advance O
the O
G1 O
phase O
of O
the O
cell O
cycle O
, O
is O
now O
established O
as O
a O
proto-oncogene O
, O
with O
evidence O
indicating O
that O
its O
derangement O
may O
contribute O
to O
the O
uncontrolled O
cell O
growth O
characteristic O
of O
tumors D

The O
chromosomal O
translocation O
t O
( O
11 O
; O
14 O
) O
( O
q13 O
: O
q32 O
) O
, O
involving O
rearrangement O
of O
the O
BCL-1 O
locus O
, O
is O
closely O
associated O
with O
human D
lymphoid D
neoplasia D
affecting O
mantle D
cell D
lymphomas D
( D
MCL D
) D

Recently O
, O
the O
putative O
BCL-1 O
proto-oncogene O
turned O
out O
to O
be O
none O
other O
than O
the O
cyclin O
D1 O
gene O

Although O
the O
observed O
break O
points O
in O
the O
BCL-1 O
locus O
are O
not O
tightly O
clustered O
, O
its O
rearrangement O
has O
been O
documented O
in O
40-70 O
% O
of O
cases O
of O
mantle D
cell D
lymphoma D
, O
whereas O
it O
only O
rarely O
occurs O
in O
other O
B D
cell D
lymphomas D

Of O
note O
, O
all O
of O
the O
known O
break O
points O
leave O
the O
cyclin O
D1 O
coding O
region O
structurally O
intact O
and O
result O
in O
increased O
protein O
expression O
, O
implying O
that O
this O
may O
provide O
a O
highly O
sensitive O
and O
specific O
marker O
for O
MCL D

Recent O
studies O
demonstrated O
that O
immunohistochemical O
detection O
in O
paraffin-embedded O
material O
, O
using O
a O
monoclonal O
antibody O
, O
is O
very O
useful O
for O
routine O
diagnosis O

Current O
knowledge O
of O
cyclin O
D1 O
overexpression O
in O
malignant D
lymphomas D
, O
with O
emphasis O
on O
its O
clinicopathologic O
significance O
, O
is O
reviewed O

In O
the O
mammalian O
central O
nervous O
system O
, O
a O
diverse O
group O
of O
basic O
helix-loop-helix O
( O
bHLH O
) O
proteins O
is O
involved O
in O
the O
determination O
of O
progenitor O
cells O
and O
, O
subsequently O
, O
in O
regulating O
neuronal O
differentiation O

Here O
we O
report O
the O
identification O
of O
a O
novel O
subfamily O
of O
bHLH O
proteins O
, O
defined O
by O
two O
mammalian O
enhancer-of-split- O
and O
hairy-related O
proteins O
, O
termed O
SHARP-1 O
and O
SHARP-2 O

In O
contrast O
to O
known O
bHLH O
genes O
, O
detectable O
transcription O
of O
SHARP O
genes O
begins O
at O
the O
end O
of O
embryonic O
development O
marking O
differentiated O
neurons O
that O
have O
reached O
a O
final O
position O
, O
and O
increases O
as O
postnatal O
development O
proceeds O

In O
the O
adult O
, O
SHARP O
genes O
are O
expressed O
in O
subregions O
of O
the O
CNS O
that O
have O
been O
associated O
with O
adult O
plasticity O

In O
PC12 O
cells O
, O
a O
model O
system O
to O
study O
neurite O
outgrowth O
, O
SHARP O
genes O
can O
be O
induced O
by O
NGF O
with O
the O
kinetics O
of O
an O
immediate-early O
gene O

Similarly O
, O
within O
1 O
h O
after O
the O
administration O
of O
kainic O
acid O
in O
vivo O
, O
SHARP-2 O
is O
induced O
in O
neurons O
throughout O
the O
rat O
cerebral O
cortex O

This O
suggests O
that O
neuronal O
bHLH O
proteins O
are O
also O
involved O
in O
the O
`` O
adaptive O
'' O
changes O
of O
mature O
CNS O
neurons O
which O
are O
coupled O
to O
glutamatergic O
stimulation O

The O
embryonic O
development O
of O
the O
face O
has O
been O
studied O
in O
many O
reviews O
, O
this O
work O
purposes O
only O
to O
clear O
up O
some O
points O
which O
remain O
obscure O
concerning O
cervico-facial O
morphogenesis O

In O
the O
first O
part O
of O
this O
study O
only O
the O
facial O
development O
, O
properly O
speaking O
, O
is O
considered O
, O
although O
it O
can O
not O
be O
separate O
of O
cervical O
development O
to O
which O
a O
second O
study O
will O
be O
reserved O

In O
the O
present O
study O
we O
recall O
the O
particular O
aspects O
of O
the O
neurulation O
in O
the O
cephalic O
area O
, O
then O
the O
establishment O
of O
the O
facial O
processes O

Then O
we O
approach O
among O
other O
things O
the O
way O
to O
consider O
the O
maxillary O
process O
with O
regard O
to O
the O
other O
facial O
processes O

After O
is O
considered O
constitution O
and O
natured O
of O
the O
prechordal O
plate O
which O
has O
been O
diversely O
explained O

Finally O
, O
the O
modelling O
of O
the O
face O
is O
evocated O
, O
in O
which O
the O
dissociation O
between O
the O
olfactive O
and O
buccal O
spheres O
is O
pointed O
out O
, O
with O
the O
disparition O
of O
the O
muzzle O
, O
as O
it O
is O
established O
in O
the O
haplorhinae O
, O
a O
class O
of O
primates O
in O
which O
the O
human O
being O
is O
involved O

This O
phenomenon O
raises O
different O
questions O
, O
in O
particular O
about O
the O
relation O
of O
this O
disposition O
with O
the O
nasoseptal O
center O
, O
the O
medial O
part O
of O
the O
nasodorsal O
center O

A O
case-control O
study O
was O
performed O
in O
eight O
pairs O
of O
women O
to O
determine O
whether O
preeclamptic O
women O
developed O
abnormalities O
in O
minor O
hemoglobins O
, O
glycolytic O
enzymes O
, O
or O
other O
blood O
components O
that O
might O
provide O
insight O
into O
the O
pathophysiology O
of O
preeclampsia D
, O
or O
that O
in O
combination O
might O
be O
used O
as O
a O
marker O
for O
the O
condition O

These O
variables O
and O
standard O
clinical O
tests O
were O
analyzed O
as O
discriminators O
between O
preeclamptic O
and O
control O
women O

The O
subjects O
were O
matched O
for O
age O
, O
ethnicity O
, O
parity O
, O
and O
gestational O
age O

Blood O
samples O
were O
taken O
at O
the O
time O
of O
diagnosis O
of O
preeclampsia D
and O
at O
comparable O
gestational O
ages O
for O
matched O
normal O
controls O

Variables O
differing O
significantly O
between O
groups O
included O
increases O
in O
uric O
acid O
( O
UA O
) O
, O
low-density O
lipoproteins O
( O
LDL O
) O
, O
phosphoglycerate O
kinase O
( O
PGK O
) O
, O
and O
mean O
platelet O
volume O
( O
MPV O
) O
, O
and O
decreases O
in O
glyceraldehyde O
phosphate O
dehydrogenase O
( O
G3PD O
) O
in O
preeclamptic O
women O
compared O
to O
normal O
controls O

Discriminant O
analysis O
revealed O
the O
following O
function O
to O
separate O
the O
groups O
: O
0.7764 O
( O
UA O
) O
+ O
0.8086 O
( O
PGK O
) O
-0.7032 O
( O
G3PD O
) O
+ O
0.1399 O
( O
LDL O
) O
-0.2386 O
( O
MPV O
) O

A O
discriminant O
score O
of O
> O
or O
= O
275 O
indicated O
a O
> O
or O
= O
90 O
% O
probability O
of O
preeclampsia D

The O
results O
are O
consistent O
with O
perturbations O
in O
red O
cell O
glycolysis O
in O
preeclampsia D

Further O
prospective O
studies O
are O
warranted O
to O
test O
the O
efficacy O
of O
this O
discriminant O
function O
in O
predicting O
preeclampsia D

A O
novel O
technique O
for O
patterning O
immobilized O
antibody O
layers O
based O
upon O
photolithography O
and O
oxygen O
plasma O
exposure O
has O
been O
developed O

Mouse O
monoclonal O
antibodies O
specific O
for O
thiabendazole T
( O
a O
post-harvest O
fungicide O
and O
veterinary O
anthelmintic O
) O
were O
covalently O
linked O
through O
free O
amine O
groups O
to O
aminosilanized O
silicon O
dioxide O
films O
using O
glutaraldehyde O

Immobilized O
antibody O
layers O
were O
stabilized O
with O
sucrose O
, O
dehydrated O
, O
and O
stored O
refrigerated O
with O
desiccant O

Photolithographic O
patterning O
was O
performed O
with O
a O
positive O
photoresist O
with O
modified O
bake O
temperatures O
and O
times O
, O
selective O
UV O
exposure O
with O
a O
contact O
mask O
, O
and O
aqueous O
alkaline O
solubilization O
of O
exposed O
resist O

Exposed O
regions O
of O
immobilized O
antibody O
were O
then O
removed O
by O
exposure O
to O
a O
low O
power O
, O
radio O
frequency O
oxygen O
discharge O

Residual O
resist O
was O
stripped O
with O
acetone O

Successful O
patterning O
was O
demonstrated O
by O
challenging O
surfaces O
with O
goat O
anti-mouse O
antibody O
conjugated O
to O
tetramethylrhodamine O
isothiocyanate O

Sucrose O
stabilization O
was O
necessary O
for O
antibody O
to O
undergo O
photoresist O
processing O
without O
loss O
of O
binding O
activity O

Challenge O
with O
enzyme O
linked O
antigen O
of O
oxygen O
plasma O
exposed O
antibody O
layers O
demonstrated O
that O
plasma O
treatment O
completely O
neutralized O
antibody O
capture O
ability O

Ellipsometry O
measurements O
of O
oxygen O
plasma O
exposed O
antibody O
layers O
indicated O
complete O
removal O
of O
immobilized O
antibodies O

Fluorescent O
imaging O
demonstrated O
smallest O
line O
widths O
of O
2-3 O
microns O

Immune O
cells O
in O
vivo O
routinely O
perform O
highly O
selective O
immunosensing O
in O
blood O
and O
tissues O
as O
part O
of O
their O
normal O
immune O
surveillance O
functions O

We O
have O
been O
investigating O
the O
potential O
of O
exploiting O
the O
immunosensing O
detection O
abilities O
of O
excitable O
immune O
cells O
( O
i.e O
. O
the O
mast O
cell O
) O
for O
the O
development O
of O
whole O
cell O
immunobiosensors O

A O
key O
feature O
is O
that O
these O
immune O
cells O
can O
be O
selectively O
engineered O
to O
recognize O
specific O
antigens O
in O
vitro O

In O
the O
presence O
of O
antigen O
, O
these O
cells O
undergo O
excitable O
activation O
responses O
which O
result O
in O
increased O
metabolism O
and O
the O
exocytosis O
of O
stored O
intracellular O
mediators O

We O
have O
previously O
determined O
that O
mast O
cell O
metabolic O
responses O
can O
be O
thermally O
transduced O
in O
real O
time O
, O
thus O
indicating O
the O
possibility O
of O
whole O
cell O
thermoelectric O
immunobiosensing O

In O
this O
work O
we O
investigated O
the O
use O
of O
enzyme O
amplification O
systems O
to O
enhance O
the O
direct O
transduction O
of O
immune O
cell O
responses O
to O
analyte O

It O
was O
found O
that O
with O
appropriate O
enzymes O
, O
peak O
outputs O
occurred O
within O
approximately O
5 O
min O
( O
4-20 O
times O
faster O
than O
without O
enzymes O
) O
and O
peak O
response O
magnitudes O
were O
up O
to O
nine-fold O
greater O
than O
without O
enzymes O

An O
easy-to-use O
technique O
for O
detection O
of O
antibodies O
specific O
for O
the O
parasite O
L. O
donovani O
in O
human O
serum O
sample O
has O
been O
developed O

The O
method O
is O
based O
on O
an O
evanescent O
wave O
generated O
from O
a O
tapered O
configuration O
of O
decladded O
optical O
fibre O
and O
does O
not O
require O
any O
volumetric O
measurement O

Tapered O
fibres O
are O
immobilized O
with O
the O
purified O
cell O
surface O
protein O
of O
L. O
donovani O
by O
covalent O
bonding O

Treated O
fibres O
are O
incubated O
with O
the O
patient O
serum O
for O
10 O
min O
followed O
by O
incubation O
with O
goat O
anti O
human O
IgG O
tagged O
FITC O

Fluorescent O
intensity O
from O
the O
fibre O
has O
been O
shown O
to O
be O
proportional O
to O
L. O
donovani O
specific O
antibodies O
present O
in O
the O
test O
sera O

Direct O
readings O
can O
be O
obtained O
after O
signal O
enhancement O
through O
a O
photomultiplier O
tube O
within O
5 O
min O

The O
system O
, O
when O
tested O
on O
12 O
positive O
sera O
, O
did O
not O
show O
any O
false O
negative O
result O

Also O
, O
no O
false O
positive O
result O
was O
obtained O
with O
serum O
samples O
of O
patients O
infected O
with O
leprosy D
, O
tuberculosis D
, O
typhoid D
and O
malaria D
, O
showing O
the O
specificity O
of O
the O
sensor O
and O
efficacy O
of O
the O
technique O

We O
present O
an O
optical O
biosensor O
design O
that O
expands O
the O
utility O
of O
enzyme O
biosensors O

These O
biosensors O
are O
fabricated O
by O
site-selective O
photodeposition O
of O
analyte-sensitive O
polymer O
matrices O
on O
optical O
imaging O
fibres O

These O
dual-analyte O
arrays O
allow O
for O
the O
simultaneous O
, O
independent O
measurement O
of O
the O
analyte O
of O
interest O
and O
the O
transducing O
analyte O

The O
first O
integrated O
optical-biosensors O
using O
this O
design O
have O
been O
prepared O
that O
allow O
both O
the O
dependent O
and O
independent O
analytes O
to O
be O
measured O
simultaneously O
, O
for O
example O
penicillin O
and O
pH O
( O
Healey O
& O
# O
38 O
; O
Walt O
, O
1995 O
) O
or O
glucose O
and O
O2 O
( O
Li O
& O
# O
38 O
; O
Walt O
, O
1995 O
) O

Independent O
measurement O
of O
the O
transducing O
analyte O
allows O
penicillin T
or O
glucose O
to O
be O
quantitated O
in O
the O
presence O
of O
a O
concurrent O
pH O
or O
O2 O
change O
, O
respectively O

Penicillin T
can O
be O
measured O
in O
the O
range O
0.25-10.0 O
mM O
in O
the O
pH O
range O
6.2-7.5 O

Glucose O
can O
be O
measured O
in O
the O
range O
0.6-20.0 O
mM O
in O
the O
O2 O
range O
20-100 O
% O

The O
utility O
of O
the O
sensor O
design O
was O
demonstrated O
by O
using O
the O
penicillin-dual-analyte O
biosensor O
to O
quantitate O
penicillin T
produced O
during O
a O
Penicillium O
chrysogenum O
fermentation O

The O
characterization O
of O
low O
molecular O
weight O
ligand O
interaction O
with O
receptor O
molecules O
is O
of O
importance O
for O
the O
investigation O
of O
biological O
processes O
and O
for O
drug O
research O

We O
report O
on O
the O
investigation O
of O
the O
binding O
of O
low O
molecular O
weight O
ligands O
to O
immobilized O
receptors O
by O
label-free O
detection O

Reflectometric O
interference O
spectroscopy O
, O
an O
optical O
transducer O
which O
allows O
the O
monitoring O
of O
a O
few O
picograms O
per O
square O
millimetre O
changes O
in O
surface O
coverage O
, O
was O
used O
to O
study O
two O
model O
systems O

In O
both O
cases O
detection O
of O
the O
binding O
event O
was O
successful O

High O
affinity O
binding O
of O
biotin O
to O
immobilized O
streptavidin O
was O
clearly O
detectable O
at O
receptor O
surface O
concentrations O
as O
low O
as O
1-2 O
x O
10 O
( O
10 O
) O
binding O
sites/mm2 O

Linear O
correlation O
between O
the O
receptor O
surface O
concentration O
and O
the O
response O
to O
biotin O
binding O
was O
observed O

Using O
immobilized O
DNA O
, O
we O
investigated O
the O
binding O
of O
common O
intercalators O
with O
respect O
to O
kinetics O
and O
thermodynamics O
by O
evaluation O
of O
the O
association O
and O
the O
dissociation O
part O
of O
the O
binding O
curve O

Bi-exponential O
increase O
and O
decrease O
of O
intercalator O
loading O
was O
observed O
, O
indicating O
complex O
interaction O
kinetics O

The O
four O
structurally O
different O
intercalators O
showed O
significant O
distinction O
in O
binding O
kinetics O
and O
equilibrium O
signals O

Improvement O
of O
experimental O
parameters O
is O
required O
to O
obtain O
more O
reliable O
kinetic O
data O

An O
amperometric O
lactate O
oxidase O
catheter O
has O
been O
developed O
for O
in O
vivo O
application O
to O
real-time O
lactate O
monitoring O

The O
electrochemical O
behaviour O
of O
the O
1 O
x O
3 O
mm O
Pt-Ag/AgCl O
thin O
film O
electrode O
is O
not O
significantly O
influenced O
by O
lactate O
oxidase-polyurethane O
covering O

Gamma-irradiation O
( O
25 O
kGy O
) O
is O
suitable O
for O
the O
sterilization O
procedure O

The O
final O
lactate O
catheter O
is O
characterized O
by O
a O
linear O
concentration O
range O
between O
0.5 O
and O
20 O
mmol/l O
lactate O
with O
a O
sensitivity O
around O
2 O
nA O
mmol-1 O
l-1 O
lactate O

The O
accuracy O
is O
demonstrated O
by O
the O
measurement O
of O
control O
sera O

Both O
physiological O
and O
pathological O
materials O
correlate O
well O
with O
the O
declared O
values O

The O
dry O
stored O
lactate O
catheter O
needs O
about O
10 O
min O
for O
hydration O
and O
is O
characterized O
by O
response O
times O
t98 O
% O
of O
less O
than O
2 O
min O

Ex O
vivo O
whole O
blood O
measurements O
using O
the O
lactate O
catheter O
( O
y O
) O
give O
a O
correlation O
with O
the O
BIOSEN O
Med O
L O
( O
x O
) O
of O
y O
= O
( O
1.010x O
+ O
0.513 O
) O
mmol/l O
( O
r O
= O
0.9748 O
) O

Lactate O
values O
obtained O
by O
continuous O
catheter O
operation O
ex O
vivo O
correlate O
well O
with O
those O
obtained O
by O
BIOSEN O
Med O
L. O
First O
subcutaneous O
implantation O
( O
dog O
) O
underlines O
the O
characteristics O
obtained O
ex O
vivo O
: O
after O
30 O
min O
hydration O
the O
lactate O
catheter O
follows O
the O
lactate O
concentration O
measured O
ex O
vivo O
with O
samples O
from O
the O
leg O
vein O
by O
BIOSEN O
Med O
L. O

The O
diffusion-limited O
binding O
kinetics O
of O
antigen O
( O
or O
antibody O
) O
in O
solution O
to O
antibody O
( O
or O
antigen O
) O
immobilized O
on O
a O
biosensor O
and O
other O
surfaces O
is O
analyzed O
within O
a O
fractal O
framework O

Often O
, O
the O
binding O
kinetics O
may O
be O
described O
by O
a O
single-fractal O
analysis O

In O
some O
cases O
, O
the O
binding O
curve O
exhibits O
complexities O

Then O
, O
for O
these O
cases O
, O
the O
dual-fractal O
analysis O
provides O
an O
improved O
fit O
when O
compared O
with O
a O
single-fractal O
analysis O

This O
indicates O
a O
change O
in O
the O
reaction O
mechanism O
on O
the O
surface O

It O
is O
of O
interest O
to O
note O
that O
the O
state O
of O
disorder O
( O
or O
the O
fractal O
dimension O
) O
and O
the O
binding O
rate O
coefficient O
both O
increase O
as O
the O
reaction O
progresses O
on O
the O
biosensor O
surface O

For O
example O
, O
for O
the O
binding O
of O
10 O
nM O
insulin O
growth O
factor-1 O
in O
solution O
to O
insulin O
growth O
factor O
binding O
protein-1 O
immobilized O
on O
a O
biosensor O
surface O
, O
a O
64 O
% O
increase O
in O
the O
fractal O
dimension O
from O
1.73 O
( O
Df1 O
) O
to O
2.85 O
( O
Df2 O
) O
leads O
to O
an O
increase O
in O
the O
binding O
rate O
coefficient O
by O
a O
factor O
of O
31.8 O
from O
3.92 O
( O
k1 O
) O
to O
125 O
( O
k2 O
) O

Furthermore O
, O
as O
the O
IGF-1 O
concentration O
in O
solution O
increases O
from O
10 O
to O
80 O
nM O
in O
solution O
, O
k2 O
and O
Df2 O
exhibit O
a O
linear O
increase O

k1 O
and O
Df1 O
exhibit O
a O
linear O
increase O
with O
the O
reciprocal O
of O
the O
IGF-1 O
concentration O
in O
solution O

The O
different O
examples O
analyzed O
and O
presented O
together O
provide O
a O
means O
by O
which O
the O
antigen-antibody O
reactions O
may O
be O
better O
controlled O
by O
noting O
the O
magnitude O
of O
the O
changes O
in O
the O
fractal O
dimension O
and O
in O
the O
binding O
rate O
coefficient O
as O
the O
reaction O
progresses O
on O
the O
biosensor O
surface O

Also O
, O
the O
magnitude O
of O
the O
changes O
in O
the O
binding O
rate O
coefficients O
( O
k1 O
and O
k2 O
) O
and O
in O
the O
fractal O
dimensions O
( O
Df1 O
and O
Df2 O
) O
as O
different O
parameters O
are O
changed O
for O
the O
different O
biosensor O
applications O
are O
of O
particular O
value O
, O
since O
they O
provide O
us O
with O
a O
measure O
or O
extent O
of O
changes O
in O
the O
binding O
rate O
coefficient O
on O
changing O
different O
experimental O
parameter O
values O

It O
is O
of O
interest O
to O
note O
the O
effect O
of O
different O
parameters O
on O
the O
extent O
or O
heterogeneity O
that O
exists O
on O
the O
surface O
and O
how O
this O
influences O
the O
binding O
rate O
coefficients O

This O
may O
be O
one O
method O
to O
help O
manipulate O
or O
control O
the O
binding O
rate O
coefficients O
on O
the O
reaction O
surface O

To O
determine O
if O
microscopic O
urinalysis O
is O
needed O
in O
all O
pediatric O
emergency O
room O
patients O
screened O
for O
urinary D
tract D
infections D
( D
UTI D
) D
, O
we O
compared O
the O
dipstick O
urinalysis O
and O
complete O
urinalysis O
( O
dipstick O
and O
microscopy O
) O
with O
urine O
cultures O
in O
236 O
children O
, O
aged O
3 O
weeks O
to O
21 O
years O

The O
ability O
to O
detect O
UTI D
by O
dipstick O
only O
and O
by O
complete O
urinalysis O
was O
the O
same O
, O
however O
microscopic O
evaluation O
added O
many O
false-positive O
results O
without O
detecting O
additional O
UTIs D

Because O
the O
ability O
to O
detect O
UTI D
( O
sensitivity O
) O
is O
maintained O
, O
we O
now O
offer O
a O
dipstick O
only O
urinalysis O
to O
our O
emergency O
room O
for O
children O
2 O
years O
of O
age O
or O
older O
, O
with O
a O
microscopic O
analysis O
performed O
automatically O
if O
dipstick O
results O
are O
positive O

If O
no O
microscopic O
urinalysis O
is O
required O
, O
testing O
turn-around O
time O
is O
reduced O
by O
12.3 O
min/test O
and O
the O
hospital O
charge O
is O
reduced O
from O
U.S O

$ O
32 O
to O
U.S O

$ O
12 O

Using O
video-intensified O
fluorescence O
microscopy O
and O
a O
pseudocolor O
display O
of O
fluorescence O
intensity O
, O
we O
analyzed O
the O
distribution O
of O
microinjected O
molecules O
within O
the O
nurse-cell/oocyte O
syncytium O
of O
Drosophila O
ovarian O
follicles O

We O
varied O
the O
composition O
and O
the O
osmolarity O
of O
the O
culture O
solution O
as O
well O
as O
the O
electrical O
charge O
and O
the O
molecular O
mass O
of O
the O
microinjected O
fluorescent O
probe O

As O
culture O
solutions O
, O
we O
used O
four O
simple O
salines O
( O
IMADS O
) O
and O
a O
complex O
tissue-culture O
medium O
( O
R-14 O
) O
that O
matched O
the O
osmolarity O
of O
adult O
hemolymph O

Small O
amounts O
of O
two O
anionic O
dyes O
( O
Lucifer O
Yellow O
CH O
and O
Lucifer O
Yellow O
dextran O
) O
as O
well O
as O
of O
two O
cationic O
dyes O
( O
rhodamine O
6G O
and O
tetramethylrhodamine O
dextran-lysine O
) O
were O
iontophoretically O
microinjected O
either O
into O
a O
nurse O
cell O
or O
into O
the O
oocyte O
of O
stage-10 O
follicles O

In O
the O
tissue-culture O
medium O
, O
within O
a O
few O
seconds O
following O
microinjection O
, O
all O
tested O
dyes O
passed O
through O
the O
intercellular O
bridges O
in O
both O
the O
anterior O
direction O
( O
to O
the O
nurse O
cells O
) O
and O
the O
posterior O
direction O
( O
to O
the O
oocyte O
) O
, O
independent O
of O
their O
electrical O
charge O
or O
molecular O
mass O

In O
all O
simple O
salines O
, O
irrespective O
of O
their O
osmolarity O
, O
Lucifer O
Yellow O
CH O
was O
found O
to O
preferentially O
migrate O
in O
the O
posterior O
direction O
and O
to O
accumulate O
in O
the O
oocyte O
due O
to O
progressive O
binding O
to O
yolk O
spheres O

Thus O
, O
with O
this O
sensitive O
method O
, O
no O
correlation O
was O
detectable O
between O
the O
external O
osmolarity O
, O
the O
electrical O
charge O
and O
the O
preferential O
direction O
of O
migration O
of O
a O
microinjected O
probe O

Our O
results O
indicate O
that O
the O
electrical O
gradient O
described O
by O
other O
authors O
does O
not O
exert O
significant O
influence O
on O
the O
migration O
of O
charged O
molecules O
through O
intercellular O
bridges O
in O
situ O

The O
AF-4 O
gene O
on O
human O
chromosome O
4q21 O
is O
involved O
in O
reciprocal O
translocations O
to O
the O
ALL-1 O
gene O
on O
chromosome O
11q23 O
, O
which O
are O
associated O
with O
acute D
lymphoblastic D
leukaemias D

A O
set O
of O
recombinant O
phage O
carrying O
genomic O
fragments O
for O
the O
coding O
region O
and O
flanking O
sequences O
of O
the O
AF-4 O
gene O
were O
isolated O

Phage O
inserts O
were O
assembled O
into O
four O
contigs O
with O
21 O
exons O
, O
and O
an O
intron O
phase O
map O
was O
produced O
enabling O
the O
interpretation O
of O
translocation-generated O
fusion O
proteins O

The O
gene O
contains O
two O
alternative O
first O
exons O
, O
1a O
and O
1b O
, O
both O
including O
a O
translation O
initiation O
codon O

The O
translocation O
breakpoint O
cluster O
region O
is O
flanked O
by O
exons O
3 O
and O
6 O
and O
two O
different O
polyadenylation O
signals O
were O
identified O

Polyclonal O
antisera O
directed O
against O
three O
different O
portions O
of O
the O
AF-4 O
protein O
were O
produced O
and O
used O
to O
detect O
a O
116 O
kD O
protein O
in O
cellular O
extracts O
of O
human O
B-lymphoblastoid O
and O
proB O
cell O
lines O

In O
mitogen-stimulated O
human O
peripheral O
blood O
mononuclear O
cells O
the O
AF-4 O
antigen O
was O
predominantly O
located O
in O
the O
nucleus O

The O
AF-4 O
gene O
is O
a O
member O
of O
the O
AF-4 O
, O
LAF-4 O
and O
FMR-2 O
gene O
family O

The O
members O
of O
this O
family O
encode O
serine-proline-rich O
proteins O
with O
properties O
of O
nuclear O
transcription O
factors O

Comparison O
of O
AF-4 O
protein O
coding O
sequences O
with O
the O
LAF-4 O
and O
FMR-2 O
sequences O
revealed O
five O
highly O
conserved O
domains O
of O
potential O
functional O
relevance O

Immunoglobulin O
superfamily O
molecules O
in O
the O
brain O
are O
involved O
in O
distinct O
aspects O
of O
nervous O
system O
histogenesis O
, O
for O
example O
neuronal O
migration O
and O
axonal O
growth O

To O
identify O
novel O
members O
of O
this O
superfamily O
in O
the O
chick O
nervous O
system O
, O
we O
developed O
a O
polymerase O
chain O
reaction-based O
approach O
making O
use O
of O
sequence O
motifs O
of O
immunoglobulin-like O
domains O

In O
the O
present O
study O
, O
we O
report O
the O
molecular O
cloning O
of O
three O
isoforms O
, O
the O
biochemical O
analysis O
and O
the O
immunohistochemical O
characterization O
of O
one O
of O
the O
proteins O
identified O
in O
this O
screen O

This O
molecule O
has O
91 O
% O
sequence O
identity O
with O
the O
limbic O
system-associated O
membrane O
protein O
( O
LAMP O
) O
characterized O
in O
the O
rat O
and O
is O
therefore O
referred O
to O
as O
the O
chicken O
homologue O
of O
the O
latter O
( O
chLAMP O
) O

The O
molecule O
is O
a O
glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-anchored O
60 O
kDa O
protein O
with O
three O
immunoglobulin-like O
domains O
and O
contains O
40 O
% O
N-linked O
carbohydrate O

We O
identify O
three O
different O
mRNA O
forms O
of O
chLAMP O
and O
show O
that O
two O
forms O
with O
distinct O
5'-termini O
are O
differentially O
transcribed O
in O
neural O
development O

In O
addition O
, O
we O
demonstrate O
using O
a O
fusion O
protein O
expressed O
in O
eukaryotic O
cells O
that O
chLAMP O
has O
homophilic O
binding O
activity O

The O
protein O
was O
found O
on O
a O
subset O
of O
axons O
in O
the O
central O
and O
peripheral O
nervous O
system O
and O
is O
likely O
to O
be O
involved O
in O
specific O
cell-cell O
interactions O
in O
neurohistogenesis O

Two O
novel O
cDNAs O
, O
DNAS1L2 O
and O
DNAS1L3 O
, O
are O
predicted O
to O
encode O
proteins O
of O
299 O
and O
305 O
amino O
acids O
with O
56 O
and O
46 O
% O
residue O
identity O
( O
71 O
and O
63 O
% O
similarity O
) O
, O
respectively O
, O
to O
deoxyribonuclease O
I O
( O
DNase O
I O
) O

DNAS1L2 O
is O
located O
on O
a O
16p13.3 O
cosmid O
, O
while O
DNAS1L3 O
maps O
to O
3p14.3-p21.1 O
by O
fluorescence O
in O
situ O
hybridization O
and O
by O
PCR O
analysis O
of O
a O
radiation O
hybrid O
panel O

Northern O
analysis O
revealed O
DNAS1L3 O
expression O
nearly O
exclusively O
in O
liver O
, O
while O
DNAS1L2 O
expression O
was O
detected O
in O
brain O
by O
RT-PCR O

The O
previously O
defined O
DNL1L O
or O
DNAS1L1 O
is O
expressed O
highest O
in O
heart O
and O
skeletal O
muscle O
, O
while O
DNase O
I O
is O
expressed O
in O
the O
pancreas O
, O
parotid O
gland O
, O
and O
kidney O

Thus O
, O
to O
date O
, O
four O
DNase O
I-like O
genes O
that O
show O
different O
tissue O
expression O
patterns O
are O
known O

A O
comparison O
of O
DNAS1L1 O
, O
DNAS1L2 O
, O
and O
DNAS1L3 O
with O
the O
well-characterized O
DNase O
I O
suggests O
that O
the O
DNAS1L O
proteins O
are O
unlikely O
to O
be O
glycosylated O
or O
bind O
actin O
; O
however O
, O
catalytic O
and O
calcium- O
and O
DNA-binding O
residues O
are O
conserved O
, O
and O
potentially O
cleavable O
signal O
peptides O
are O
present O
among O
all O
these O
proteins O

This O
analysis O
also O
identifies O
regions O
of O
high O
conservation O
among O
these O
proteins O
with O
no O
currently O
assigned O
function O

Two O
different O
responses O
to O
the O
therapy O
were O
observed O
in O
a O
group O
of O
patients O
receiving O
the O
protease T
inhibitor T
indinavir T

In O
one O
, O
suppression O
of O
virus O
replication O
occurred O
and O
has O
persisted O
for O
90 O
weeks O
( O
bDNA O
, O
& O
# O
60 O
; O
500 O
human O
immunodeficiency O
virus O
type O
1 O
( O
HIV-1 O
) O
RNA O
copies/ml O
) O

In O
the O
second O
group O
, O
a O
rebound O
in O
virus O
levels O
in O
plasma O
followed O
the O
initial O
sharp O
decline O
observed O
at O
the O
start O
of O
therapy O

This O
was O
associated O
with O
the O
emergence O
of O
drug-resistant O
variants O

Sequence O
analysis O
of O
the O
protease O
gene O
during O
the O
course O
of O
therapy O
revealed O
that O
in O
this O
second O
group O
there O
was O
a O
sequential O
acquisition O
of O
protease O
mutations O
at O
amino O
acids O
46 O
, O
82 O
, O
54 O
, O
71 O
, O
89 O
, O
and O
90 O

In O
the O
six O
patients O
in O
this O
group O
, O
there O
was O
also O
an O
identical O
mutation O
in O
the O
gag O
p7/p1 O
gag O
protease O
cleavage O
site O

In O
three O
of O
the O
patients O
, O
this O
change O
was O
seen O
as O
early O
as O
6 O
to O
10 O
weeks O
after O
the O
start O
of O
therapy O

In O
one O
patient O
, O
a O
second O
mutation O
occurred O
at O
the O
gag O
p1/p6 O
cleavage O
site O
, O
but O
it O
appeared O
18 O
weeks O
after O
the O
time O
of O
appearance O
of O
the O
p7/p1 O
mutation O

Recombinant O
HIV-1 O
variants O
containing O
two O
or O
three O
mutations O
in O
the O
protease O
gene O
were O
constructed O
either O
with O
mutations O
at O
the O
p7/p1 O
cleavage O
site O
or O
with O
wild-type O
( O
WT O
) O
gag O
sequences O

When O
recombinant O
HIV-1-containing O
protease O
mutations O
at O
46 O
and O
82 O
was O
grown O
in O
MT2 O
cells O
, O
there O
was O
a O
68 O
% O
reduction O
in O
its O
rate O
of O
replication O
compared O
to O
the O
WT O
virus O

Introduction O
of O
an O
additional O
mutation O
at O
the O
gag O
p7/p1 O
protease O
cleavage O
site O
compensated O
for O
the O
partially O
defective O
protease O
gene O

Similarly O
, O
rates O
of O
replication O
of O
viruses O
with O
mutations O
M46L/I O
, O
I54V O
, O
and O
V82A O
in O
protease O
were O
enhanced O
both O
in O
the O
presence O
and O
in O
the O
absence O
of O
Indinavir O
when O
combined O
with O
mutations O
in O
the O
gag O
p7/p1 O
and O
the O
gag O
p1/p6 O
cleavage O
sites O

Optimal O
rates O
of O
virus O
replication O
require O
protease O
cleavage O
of O
precursor O
polyproteins O

A O
mutation O
in O
the O
cleavage O
site O
that O
enhanced O
the O
availability O
of O
a O
protein O
that O
was O
rate O
limiting O
for O
virus O
maturation O
would O
confer O
on O
that O
virus O
a O
significant O
growth O
advantage O
and O
may O
explain O
the O
uniform O
emergence O
of O
viruses O
with O
alterations O
at O
the O
p7/p1 O
cleavage O
site O

This O
is O
the O
first O
report O
of O
the O
emergence O
of O
mutations O
in O
the O
gag O
p7/p1 O
protease O
cleavage O
sites O
in O
patients O
receiving O
protease T
therapy T
and O
identifies O
this O
change O
as O
an O
important O
determinant O
of O
HIV-1 O
resistance O
to O
protease O
inhibitors O
in O
patient O
populations O

A O
novel O
intracellular O
calcium-binding O
protein O
from O
Echinococcus O
granulosus O
is O
described O
in O
this O
work O

A O
cDNA O
was O
isolated O
from O
a O
lambdagt11 O
protoscolex O
expression O
library O
and O
the O
deduced O
amino O
acid O
sequence O
has O
at O
least O
fifteen O
sequentially O
repeated O
twelve-residue O
repeats O
that O
resemble O
the O
calcium-binding O
loop O
of O
EF-hands O
; O
however O
, O
the O
dodecamer O
motif O
has O
no O
flanking O
helices O

The O
cDNA O
was O
expressed O
in O
Escherichia O
coli O
using O
the O
pGEX O
vector O
, O
and O
a O
recombinant O
fusion O
protein O
( O
EgCaBP1-GST O
) O
was O
obtained O

The O
recombinant O
fusion O
protein O
binds O
calcium O
when O
assayed O
with O
45Ca O

It O
is O
possible O
that O
the O
calcium-binding O
motifs O
present O
a O
secondary O
structure O
similar O
to O
the O
parallel O
beta O
roll O
structure O
described O
for O
an O
alkaline O
protease O
from O
Pseudomonas O
aeruginosa O

A O
native O
protein O
of O
more O
than O
300 O
kDa O
was O
recognized O
by O
an O
anti-EgCaBP1 O
monoclonal O
antibody O
by O
Western-blot O
analysis O

Immunohistochemistry O
using O
a O
pool O
of O
anti-EgCaBP1-GST O
mouse O
sera O
demonstrated O
a O
strong O
association O
of O
the O
protein O
with O
calcareous O
corpuscles O

The O
possible O
role O
of O
this O
protein O
and O
that O
of O
the O
calcareous O
corpuscles O
in O
the O
protoscolex O
are O
discussed O

The O
enzyme O
activity O
of O
mitogen-activated O
protein O
kinase O
( O
MAP O
kinase O
) O
increases O
in O
response O
to O
agents O
acting O
on O
a O
variety O
of O
cell O
surface O
receptors O
, O
including O
receptors O
linked O
to O
heterotrimeric O
G O
proteins O

In O
this O
report O
, O
we O
demonstrated O
that O
Raf-1 O
protein O
kinase O
activity O
in O
the O
mouse O
parotid O
glands O
was O
induced O
by O
chronic O
isoproterenol O
administration O
in O
whole O
animals O

To O
investigate O
the O
molecular O
nature O
underlying O
cellular O
responses O
to O
Raf-1 O
activation O
, O
we O
have O
stably O
transfected O
rat O
salivary O
epithelial O
Pa-4 O
cells O
with O
human O
Raf-1-estrogen O
receptor O
fusion O
gene O
( O
DeltaRaf-1 O
: O
ER O
) O
and O
used O
mRNA O
differential O
display O
in O
search O
of O
messages O
induced O
by O
DeltaRaf-1 O
: O
ER O
activation O

Through O
this O
approach O
, O
the O
gene O
encoding O
non-histone O
chromosomal O
protein O
HMGI-C O
was O
identified O
as O
one O
of O
the O
target O
genes O
activated O
by O
oncogenic O
Raf-1 O
kinase O

Activation O
of O
Raf-1 O
kinase O
resulted O
in O
a O
delayed O
and O
sustained O
increase O
of O
HMGI-C O
expression O
in O
the O
Pa-4 O
cells O

The O
induction O
of O
HMGI-C O
mRNA O
level O
is O
sensitive O
to O
both O
the O
protein O
synthesis O
inhibitor O
cycloheximide O
and O
transcription O
inhibitor O
actinomycin O
D O

The O
role O
of O
the O
extracellular O
signal-related O
kinase O
( O
ERK O
) O
signaling O
pathway O
in O
the O
HMGI-C O
induction O
was O
highlighted O
by O
the O
result O
that O
the O
MAP O
kinase O
kinase O
( O
MEK O
) O
inhibitor O
, O
PD O
98059 O
, O
blocked O
DeltaRaf-1 O
: O
ER- O
and O
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-stimulated O
HMGI-C O
induction O

Altogether O
, O
these O
findings O
support O
the O
notion O
that O
the O
Raf/MEK/ERK O
signaling O
module O
, O
at O
least O
in O
part O
, O
regulates O
transcriptional O
activation O
of O
the O
chromosomal O
architectural O
protein O
HMGI-C O

Pendred D
syndrome D
is O
a O
recessively O
inherited O
disorder O
with O
the O
hallmark O
features O
of O
congenital D
deafness D
and O
thyroid D
goitre D

By O
some O
estimates O
, O
the O
disorder O
may O
account O
for O
upwards O
of O
10 O
% O
of O
hereditary D
deafness D

Previous O
genetic O
linkage O
studies O
localized O
the O
gene O
to O
a O
broad O
interval O
on O
human O
chromosome O
7q22-31.1 O

Using O
a O
positional O
cloning O
strategy O
, O
we O
have O
identified O
the O
gene O
( O
PDS O
) O
mutated O
in O
Pendred D
syndrome D
and O
found O
three O
apparently O
deleterious O
mutations O
, O
each O
segregating O
with O
the O
disease O
in O
the O
respective O
families O
in O
which O
they O
occur O

PDS O
produces O
a O
transcript O
of O
approximately O
5 O
kb O
that O
was O
found O
to O
be O
expressed O
at O
significant O
levels O
only O
in O
the O
thyroid O

The O
predicted O
protein O
, O
pendrin O
, O
is O
closely O
related O
to O
a O
number O
of O
known O
sulphate O
transporters O

These O
studies O
provide O
compelling O
evidence O
that O
defects O
in O
pendrin O
cause O
Pendred D
syndrome D
thereby O
launching O
a O
new O
area O
of O
investigation O
into O
thyroid O
physiology O
, O
the O
pathogenesis O
of O
congenital D
deafness D
and O
the O
role O
of O
altered O
sulphate O
transport O
in O
human O
disease O

We O
report O
the O
cDNA O
cloning O
, O
partial O
genomic O
organization O
, O
and O
expression O
pattern O
of O
Stra10 O
, O
a O
novel O
retinoic O
acid-inducible O
gene O
in O
P19 O
embryonal D
carcinoma D
cells O

Four O
murine O
cDNA O
isoforms O
have O
been O
isolated O
, O
which O
are O
likely O
to O
result O
from O
alternative O
splicing O

The O
predicted O
protein O
sequences O
exhibit O
approximately O
85 O
% O
identity O
with O
the O
Pbx-related O
Meis1 O
homeobox O
gene O
products O
, O
which O
are O
involved O
in O
myeloid D
leukemia D
in O
BXH-2 O
mice O
, O
and O
one O
of O
the O
Stra10 O
isoforms O
corresponds O
to O
the O
recently O
published O
Meis2 O
sequence O
( O
Nakamura O
et O
al O
. O
( O
1996 O
) O
Oncogene O
13 O
: O
2235-2242 O
) O

The O
Meis2 O
homeodomain O
is O
identical O
to O
that O
of O
Meis1 O
, O
and O
is O
most O
closely O
related O
to O
those O
of O
the O
Pbx/TGIF O
homeobox O
gene O
products O

By O
in O
situ O
hybridization O
analysis O
, O
we O
show O
that O
the O
Meis2 O
gene O
displays O
spatially O
restricted O
expression O
patterns O
in O
the O
developing O
nervous O
system O
, O
limbs O
, O
face O
, O
and O
in O
various O
viscera O

In O
adult O
mice O
, O
Meis2 O
is O
mainly O
expressed O
in O
the O
brain O
and O
female O
genital O
tract O
, O
with O
a O
different O
distribution O
of O
the O
alternative O
splice O
forms O
in O
these O
organs O

A O
methodical O
strategy O
for O
the O
isolation O
of O
microsatellite O
markers O
specific O
for O
targeted O
regions O
of O
bovine O
chromosomes O
is O
presented O

The O
procedure O
involves O
directed O
microdissection O
of O
one O
defined O
subchromosomal O
area O
, O
its O
DOP-PCR-amplification O
and O
cloning O

With O
this O
approach O
, O
a O
library O
specific O
to O
the O
BTA O
6q21-31 O
chromosomal O
region O
was O
constructed O

Eleven O
unique O
microsatellite-containing O
sequences O
were O
isolated O
, O
converted O
into O
sequence-tagged O
microsatellite O
sites O
, O
and O
characterized O
concerning O
their O
species-specific O
origin O

Seven O
primer O
pairs O
generated O
bovine-specific O
PCR O
products O
and O
provided O
a O
set O
of O
microsatellite O
markers O
that O
generally O
revealed O
high O
informativity O
in O
the O
HF O
breed O

Linkage O
analysis O
assigned O
six O
of O
them O
to O
their O
predefined O
subchromosomal O
origin O
on O
BTA O
6 O
corresponding O
to O
the O
specific O
rehybridization O
signal O
of O
the O
DOP-PCR O
product O
generated O
from O
the O
microdissected O
chromosome O
area O
6q21-31 O

The O
results O
underline O
the O
usefulness O
of O
the O
BTA O
6q21-31 O
library O
for O
targeted O
isolation O
of O
unique O
sequences O
that O
are O
specific O
for O
the O
dissected O
chromosomal O
region O
as O
demonstrated O
here O
by O
the O
isolation O
of O
microsatellite O
markers O

Phylogeographic O
structure O
was O
determined O
for O
the O
yellow O
mongoose O
, O
Cynictis O
penicillata O
, O
using O
mtDNA O
RFLPs O
and O
control O
region O
sequences O

The O
RFLP O
analysis O
revealed O
13 O
haplotypes O
which O
showed O
weak O
geographical O
patterning O
consistent O
with O
a O
recent O
range O
expansion O
from O
a O
refugial O
population O
( O
s O
) O

An O
analysis O
of O
molecular O
variance O
( O
AMOVA O
) O
revealed O
no O
correspondence O
between O
mtDNA O
phylogeography O
and O
subspecies O
delimitation O
, O
nor O
between O
matrilines O
and O
areas O
characterized O
by O
a O
high O
incidence O
of O
the O
viverrid-type D
rabies D
, O
of O
which O
the O
yellow O
mongoose O
is O
the O
principal O
vector O

The O
lack O
of O
structure O
was O
also O
shown O
by O
control O
region O
sequences O
although O
four O
of O
the O
maternal O
lineages O
shared O
a O
near-perfect O
81 O
bp O
repeat O

We O
speculate O
that O
regional O
hot O
spots O
of O
the O
viverrid D
rabies D
biotype O
reflect O
population O
density O
differences O
in O
the O
yellow O
mongoose O
that O
are O
not O
underscored O
by O
genetic O
partitioning O
, O
at O
least O
at O
the O
level O
of O
resolution O
provided O
by O
our O
analyses O

The O
indoor O
pollution O
, O
where O
the O
patients O
pass O
in O
general O
close O
to O
90 O
% O
of O
their O
time O
, O
is O
an O
important O
factor O
to O
take O
in O
consideration O
if O
one O
wants O
to O
evaluate O
suitably O
the O
effects O
of O
the O
air O
pollution O
on O
the O
health O

Causes O
of O
this O
kind O
of O
pollution O
are O
partially O
linked O
to O
the O
external O
pollution O
and O
the O
outdoor O
environment O
and O
also O
are O
function O
of O
human O
activities O
and O
introduced O
products O
in O
the O
habitat O
( O
heating O
, O
tabagisme O
, O
handywork O
, O
products O
of O
maintenance O
, O
coatings O
, O
materials O
of O
construction O
, O
etc O

) O

The O
effects O
on O
health O
are O
as O
various O
as O
the O
pollutants O
, O
going O
from O
sharp O
intoxication O
to O
irritations O
or O
simply O
desagreements O

In O
this O
problem O
of O
public O
health O
we O
may O
not O
underestimated O
sensitive O
persons O
and O
risky O
group O
as O
well O
as O
long O
terme O
effects O
, O
and O
chronic O
exposition O
effects O

The O
search O
of O
solutions O
needs O
multiple O
competences O
from O
the O
physician O
, O
who O
has O
to O
play O
an O
essential O
role O

Dioxins O
are O
a O
family O
of O
chlorinated O
aromatic O
hydrocarbons O
that O
are O
produced O
during O
combustion O
processes O
in O
the O
presence O
of O
a O
chlorine O
donor O
and O
as O
by-products O
of O
the O
chlorine-processing O
chemical O
industries O

Several O
dioxins O
are O
extremely O
stable O
compounds O
and O
persist O
for O
years O
in O
the O
environment O

Exposure O
to O
dioxins O
occurs O
mainly O
via O
the O
ingestion O
of O
contaminated O
food O

The O
lipophilic O
character O
of O
dioxins O
prevents O
their O
excretion O
in O
the O
urine O
and O
causes O
their O
accumulation O
in O
body O
fat O

The O
mechanisms O
of O
dioxin O
action O
are O
similar O
to O
those O
of O
a O
hormone O

Dioxins O
bind O
to O
a O
specific O
intracellular O
receptor O
and O
the O
complex O
acts O
as O
a O
transcription O
factor O
that O
induces O
the O
production O
of O
a O
great O
number O
of O
proteins O

Certain O
dioxins O
, O
particularly O
2 O
, O
3 O
, O
7 O
, O
8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin O
, O
are O
very O
toxic O
and O
able O
to O
induce O
numerous O
clinical O
conditions O

The O
carcinogenicity O
of O
dioxins O
is O
well O
documented O
in O
animal O
models O
and O
has O
been O
described O
in O
humans O
after O
professional O
and O
accidental O
exposures O

Recent O
experimental O
data O
also O
indicate O
that O
dioxins O
can O
cause O
dysfunction D
of D
the D
sexual D
and D
thyroid D
hormone D
systems D
and O
that O
the O
administration O
of O
dioxins O
induces O
several O
conditions O
related O
to O
hormonal D
dysfunction D

Chronic O
exposure O
of O
female O
Rhesus O
monkeys O
increases O
the O
incidence O
and O
severity O
of O
endometriosis D

The O
administration O
of O
dioxins O
during O
pregnancy O
and O
nursing O
causes O
altered O
development O
of O
the O
reproductive O
system O
, O
decreased O
spermatogenesis O
, O
hypothyroidism D
and O
disturbed O
psychomotor O
development O
in O
the O
offspring O

The O
particular O
sensibility O
of O
the O
fetus O
and O
newborn O
is O
of O
concern O
because O
the O
exposition O
to O
dioxins O
is O
particularly O
important O
during O
those O
periods O
of O
life O

In O
humans O
a O
series O
of O
conditions O
related O
to O
hormonal D
dysfunction D
as O
undescended O
testis O
, O
decreased O
spermatogenesis O
, O
testicular D
cancer D
and O
endometriosis D
have O
increased O
in O
incidence O
during O
the O
last O
decades O

The O
chronological O
parallelism O
with O
the O
appearance O
of O
dioxins O
in O
the O
environment O
suggests O
that O
these O
might O
exert O
biological O
effects O
at O
the O
prevailing O
level O
of O
exposure O

Nevertheless O
this O
hypothesis O
is O
currently O
unconfirmed O
by O
epidemiological O
studies O

The O
implications O
of O
this O
scientific O
incertitude O
for O
the O
implementation O
of O
preventive O
measures O
are O
briefly O
discussed O

This O
presentation O
summarizes O
the O
debate O
on O
the O
suggested O
progressive O
impairment O
of O
semen O
quality O
( O
the O
`` O
sperm O
fall O
'' O
) O
in O
the O
last O
forty O
years O
in O
the O
developed O
countries O

The O
various O
available O
data O
strongly O
suggesting O
an O
environmental O
toxic O
origin O
for O
the O
`` O
sperm O
fall O
'' O
will O
be O
presented O
as O
well O
as O
the O
most O
frequently O
suspected O
class O
of O
substances O
, O
the O
xenoestrogens O

Diabetes D
mellitus D
is O
a O
still O
growing O
disease O

New O
diagnostic O
criteria O
lowered O
the O
cut O
off O
value O
to O
126 O
mg/dl O
, O
in O
order O
to O
detect O
more O
rapidly O
diabetes D
and O
its O
complications O

The O
treatment O
of O
diabetes D
2 D
by O
the O
classic T
oral T
antidiabetic T
drugs T
( T
sulfamides T
and T
biguanides T
) T
is O
completed O
by O
intestinal T
glycosidases T
inhibitors T
and O
thiazolidendiones T

These O
last O
drugs O
seem O
very O
attractive O
because O
they O
decrease O
insulin O
resistance O
in O
obese O
, O
diabetics O

Their O
hepatic O
side O
effects O
must O
be O
however O
under O
control O

Better O
knowledge O
of O
non O
lipidic O
effects O
of O
statins O
on O
the O
arterial O
wall O
and O
the O
discovery O
of O
the O
action O
of O
fibrates O
on O
PPAR O
( O
Peroxisome O
Proliferator O
Activated O
Receptors O
) O
improved O
strongly O
the O
therapeutic O
management O
of O
hyperlipidemias D

Recent O
intervention O
studies O
have O
demonstrated O
the O
necessity O
to O
treat O
vigorously O
dysipidemias D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Despite O
Beta-blockade T
therapy T
has O
been O
considered O
as O
an O
absolute O
contraindication O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
heart D
failure D
, O
it O
has O
been O
shown O
that O
they O
could O
have O
a O
beneficial O
effect O
, O
provided O
that O
they O
were O
introduced O
at O
very O
low O
dose O
, O
and O
very O
progressively O
in O
addition O
of O
the O
traditional O
treatment O

The O
advances O
in O
the O
understanding O
of O
the O
neuro-hormonal O
mechanisms O
of O
heart O
failure O
have O
modified O
the O
therapeutic O
strategy O
: O
the O
deleterious O
effect O
of O
the O
activation O
of O
the O
sympathetic O
nervous O
system O
on O
the O
myocardium O
has O
served O
as O
the O
rationale O
for O
randomized O
clinical O
trials O
comparing O
beta-blockade O
to O
placebo O
: O
the O
current O
data O
are O
promising O
, O
suggesting O
a O
beneficial O
effect O
on O
survival O
as O
well O
as O
on O
quality O
of O
life O

However O
, O
these O
results O
have O
to O
be O
confirmed O
by O
larger O
trials O
, O
currently O
underway O
, O
before O
to O
consider O
that O
beta-blockade O
should O
definitely O
be O
incorporated O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
heart O
failure O

Calcium T
antagonists T
have O
been O
used O
for O
treatment O
of O
cardiovascular D
diseases D
for O
more O
than O
25 O
years O

Several O
recent O
retrospective O
studies O
have O
suggested O
that O
chronic O
treatment O
with O
short-acting T
dihydropyridines T
increased O
the O
incidence O
of O
cardiac D
events D
, O
cancer D
and O
gastrointestinal D
bleedings D

Randomized O
prospective O
studies O
have O
, O
however O
, O
never O
been O
able O
to O
confirm O
these O
observations O

In O
addition O
, O
well-conducted O
studies O
using O
verapamil T
and O
diltiazem T
have O
suggested O
that O
these O
calcium T
antagonists T
may O
even O
improve O
cardiovascular D
mortality D
and D
morbidity D
of O
the O
hypertensive O
patient O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
There O
is O
therefore O
no O
reason O
to O
believe O
that O
the O
questionable O
results O
derived O
from O
retrospective O
studies O
of O
the O
effects O
of O
short-acting O
calcium O
antagonists O
on O
cardiac O
and O
noncardiac O
events O
may O
apply O
to O
the O
newer O
generation O
of O
long-acting O
calcium O
antagonists O

Sumatriptan T
and O
other O
selective O
serotonin T
agonists T
represent O
a O
major O
breakthrough O
in O
acute D
migraine D
treatment O

These O
drugs O
are O
very O
efficacious O
and O
generally O
devoided O
of O
important O
side O
effects O
, O
but O
they O
are O
expensive O
and O
therefore O
have O
to O
be O
compared O
with O
other O
, O
more O
conventional O
drugs O
with O
established O
or O
assumed O
efficacy O

We O
summarize O
the O
pharmacologic O
characteristics O
of O
Sumatriptan T
and O
give O
recommendations O
about O
its O
use O
in O
clinical O
practice O

Fiercer O
competition O
between O
athletes O
and O
a O
wider O
knowledge O
of O
optimal O
training O
regimens O
dramatically O
influence O
current O
training O
methods O

A O
single O
training O
bout O
per O
day O
was O
previously O
considered O
sufficient O
, O
whereas O
today O
athletes O
regularly O
train O
twice O
a O
day O
or O
more O

Consequently O
, O
the O
number O
of O
athletes O
who O
are O
overtraining O
and O
have O
insufficient O
rest O
is O
increasing O

Positive O
overtraining O
can O
be O
regarded O
as O
a O
natural O
process O
when O
the O
end O
result O
is O
adaptation O
and O
improved O
performance O
: O
the O
supercompensation O
principle O
-- O
which O
includes O
the O
breakdown O
process O
( O
training O
) O
followed O
by O
the O
recovery O
process O
( O
rest O
) O
-- O
is O
well O
known O
in O
sports O

However O
, O
negative O
overtraining O
, O
causing O
maladaptation O
and O
other O
negative O
consequences O
such O
as O
staleness O
, O
can O
occur O

Physiological O
, O
psychological O
, O
biochemical O
and O
immunological O
symptoms O
must O
be O
considered O
, O
both O
independently O
and O
together O
, O
to O
fully O
understand O
the O
'staleness O
' O
syndrome O

However O
, O
psychological O
testing O
may O
reveal O
early-warning O
signs O
more O
readily O
than O
the O
various O
physiological O
or O
immunological O
markers O

The O
time O
frame O
of O
training O
and O
recovery O
is O
also O
important O
since O
the O
consequences O
of O
negative O
overtraining O
comprise O
an O
overtraining-response O
continuum O
from O
short O
to O
long O
term O
effects O

An O
athlete O
failing O
to O
recover O
within O
72 O
hours O
has O
presumably O
negatively O
overtrained O
and O
is O
in O
an O
overreached O
state O

For O
an O
elite O
athlete O
to O
refrain O
from O
training O
for O
> O
72 O
hours O
is O
extremely O
undesirable O
, O
highlighting O
the O
importance O
of O
a O
carefully O
monitored O
recovery O
process O

There O
are O
many O
methods O
used O
to O
measure O
the O
training O
process O
but O
few O
with O
which O
to O
match O
the O
recovery O
process O
against O
it O

One O
such O
framework O
for O
this O
is O
referred O
to O
as O
the O
total O
quality O
recovery O
( O
TQR O
) O
process O

By O
using O
a O
TQR O
scale O
, O
structured O
around O
the O
scale O
developed O
for O
ratings O
of O
perceived O
exertion O
( O
RPE O
) O
, O
the O
recovery O
process O
can O
be O
monitored O
and O
matched O
against O
the O
breakdown O
( O
training O
) O
process O
( O
TQR O
versus O
RPE O
) O

The O
TQR O
scale O
emphasises O
both O
the O
athlete O
's O
perception O
of O
recovery O
and O
the O
importance O
of O
active O
measures O
to O
improve O
the O
recovery O
process O

Furthermore O
, O
directing O
attention O
to O
psychophysiological O
cues O
serves O
the O
same O
purpose O
as O
in O
RPE O
, O
i.e O
. O
increasing O
self-awareness O

This O
article O
reviews O
and O
conceptualises O
the O
whole O
overtraining O
process O

In O
doing O
so O
, O
it O
( O
i O
) O
aims O
to O
differentiate O
between O
the O
types O
of O
stress O
affecting O
an O
athlete O
's O
performance O
: O
( O
ii O
) O
identifies O
factors O
influencing O
an O
athlete O
's O
ability O
to O
adapt O
to O
physical O
training O
: O
( O
iii O
) O
structures O
the O
recovery O
process O

The O
TQR O
method O
to O
facilitate O
monitoring O
of O
the O
recovery O
process O
is O
then O
suggested O
and O
a O
conceptual O
model O
that O
incorporates O
all O
of O
the O
important O
parameters O
for O
performance O
gain O
( O
adaptation O
) O
and O
loss O
( O
maladaptation O
) O

Little O
attention O
has O
been O
directed O
toward O
identifying O
the O
changes O
which O
occur O
in O
salivary O
composition O
in O
response O
to O
exercise O

To O
address O
this O
, O
our O
article O
first O
refers O
to O
the O
main O
aspects O
of O
salivary O
gland O
physiology O

A O
knowledge O
of O
the O
neural O
control O
of O
salivary O
secretion O
is O
especially O
important O
for O
the O
understanding O
of O
the O
effects O
of O
exertion O
on O
salivary O
secretion O

Both O
salivary O
output O
and O
composition O
depend O
on O
the O
activity O
of O
the O
autonomic O
nervous O
system O
and O
any O
modification O
of O
this O
activity O
can O
be O
observed O
indirectly O
by O
alternations O
in O
the O
salivary O
excretion O

The O
effects O
of O
physical O
activity O
( O
with O
reference O
to O
factors O
such O
as O
exercise O
intensity O
and O
duration O
, O
or O
type O
of O
exercise O
protocol O
) O
on O
salivary O
composition O
are O
then O
considered O

Exercise O
might O
indeed O
induce O
changes O
in O
several O
salivary O
components O
such O
as O
immunoglobulins O
, O
hormones O
, O
lactate O
, O
proteins O
and O
electrolytes O

Saliva O
composition O
might O
therefore O
be O
used O
as O
an O
alternative O
noninvasive O
indicator O
of O
the O
response O
of O
the O
different O
body O
tissues O
and O
systems O
to O
physical O
exertion O

In O
this O
respect O
, O
the O
response O
of O
salivary O
amylase O
and O
salivary O
electrolytes O
to O
incremental O
levels O
of O
exercise O
is O
of O
particular O
interest O

Beyond O
a O
certain O
intensity O
of O
exercise O
, O
and O
coinciding O
with O
the O
accumulation O
of O
blood O
lactate O
( O
anaerobic O
threshold O
or O
AT O
) O
, O
a O
'saliva O
threshold O
' O
( O
Tsa O
) O
does O
indeed O
exist O

Tsa O
is O
the O
point O
during O
exercise O
at O
which O
the O
levels O
of O
salivary O
alpha-amylase O
and O
electrolytes O
( O
especially O
Na+ O
) O
also O
begin O
to O
rise O
above O
baseline O
levels O

The O
occurrence O
of O
the O
2 O
thresholds O
( O
AT O
and O
Tsa O
) O
might O
, O
in O
turn O
, O
be O
attributable O
to O
the O
same O
underlying O
mechanism O
, O
that O
of O
increased O
adrenal O
sympathetic O
activity O
at O
high O
exercise O
intensities O

Fat O
is O
an O
extremely O
important O
substrate O
for O
muscle O
contraction O
, O
both O
at O
rest O
and O
during O
exercise O

Triglycerides O
( O
TGs O
) O
, O
stored O
in O
adipose O
tissue O
and O
within O
muscle O
fibres O
, O
are O
considered O
to O
be O
the O
main O
source O
of O
the O
free O
fatty O
acids O
( O
FFAs O
) O
oxidised O
during O
exercise O

It O
is O
still O
unclear O
, O
however O
, O
how O
the O
use O
of O
these O
substrates O
is O
regulated O
during O
exercise O

The O
regulation O
seems O
to O
be O
multifactorial O
and O
includes O
: O
( O
i O
) O
dietary O
and O
nutritional O
status O
; O
( O
ii O
) O
hormonal O
milieu O
; O
( O
iii O
) O
exercise O
mode O
, O
intensity O
and O
duration O
; O
and O
( O
iv O
) O
training O
status O

On O
the O
other O
hand O
, O
the O
mechanism O
for O
FFA O
transport O
from O
its O
storage O
as O
triglycerides O
in O
adipose O
tissue O
and O
muscle O
to O
its O
place O
of O
utilisation O
in O
heart O
, O
skeletal O
muscle O
, O
kidney O
and O
liver O
is O
more O
clearly O
understood O

It O
has O
been O
determined O
that O
the O
plasma O
FFA O
turnover O
rate O
is O
sufficiently O
rapid O
to O
account O
for O
most O
of O
the O
fat O
metabolised O
during O
low O
intensity O
exercise O
( O
25 O
to O
40 O
% O
VO2max O
) O

However O
, O
an O
exercise O
intensity O
of O
65 O
% O
VO2max O
results O
in O
a O
slight O
decrease O
in O
the O
amount O
of O
plasma O
FFA O
uptake O
by O
muscle O
tissue O

Other O
studies O
have O
found O
that O
during O
prolonged O
exercise O
, O
muscle O
TGs O
become O
the O
predominant O
source O
of O
energy O
obtained O
from O
fat O

Furthermore O
, O
it O
is O
widely O
documented O
that O
endurance O
activities O
increase O
the O
energy O
utilisation O
from O
fat O
while O
sparing O
carbohydrate O
sources O

For O
example O
, O
during O
exercise O
on O
a O
cycle O
ergometer O
, O
nonplasma O
FFAs O
and O
plasma O
FFAs O
contribute O
40 O
% O
, O
and O
carbohydrates O
60 O
% O
, O
of O
the O
total O
calculated O
amount O
of O
energy O
expenditure O
before O
exercise O
and O
vice O
versa O
after O
exercise O
( O
60 O
% O
nonplasma O
and O
plasma O
FFAs O
and O
40 O
% O
carbohydrates O
) O

Although O
it O
was O
many O
years O
before O
it O
was O
fully O
demonstrated O
, O
fat O
is O
now O
known O
to O
be O
transported O
in O
the O
blood O
as O
FFA O
bound O
to O
the O
protein O
carrier O
albumin O

The O
mobilisation O
of O
FFA O
is O
primarily O
a O
function O
of O
sympathetic O
nervous O
activity O
directed O
towards O
the O
adipocytes O
, O
or O
the O
'fat O
pad O
' O
. O
This O
nervous O
activity O
can O
be O
direct O
or O
may O
be O
an O
effect O
of O
circulating O
catecholamines O
such O
as O
adrenaline O
( O
epinephrine O
) O

This O
article O
summarises O
the O
role O
of O
fat O
metabolism O
during O
exercise O

As O
the O
clinical O
availability O
of O
glycohaemoglobin/GHb O
measurement O
increases O
, O
so O
does O
the O
need O
for O
comparable O
and O
accurate O
values O
among O
different O
laboratories O
and O
different O
methods O

At O
least O
there O
should O
be O
comparability O
, O
i.e O
. O
, O
commutability O
or O
feasibility O
of O
providing O
comparable O
results O
from O
different O
assays O
in O
different O
laboratories O

A O
clinical O
joint O
study O
on O
insulin T
therapy T
, O
a O
survey O
of O
the O
actual O
inter-laboratory O
differences O
in O
GHb O
measurement O
among O
41 O
institutions O
and O
an O
assessment O
of O
11 O
assay O
methods O
for O
the O
determination O
of O
GHb O
were O
performed O
using O
commercial O
calibrators O
and O
fresh O
blood O
samples O

Data O
on O
the O
actual O
state O
of O
inter-laboratory O
and O
inter-assay O
differences O
of O
observed O
values O
were O
useful O
for O
comparing O
results O
among O
facilities O

The O
recommendation O
of O
the O
Japan O
Diabetes O
Society O
to O
measure O
only O
the O
stable O
GHb O
component O
and O
to O
correct O
the O
GHb O
percentage O
by O
two-point O
calibration O
with O
assigned O
values O
, O
was O
effective O
but O
not O
sufficient O

Even O
after O
correction O
, O
8 O
out O
of O
11 O
methods O
still O
remained O
of O
little O
practical O
use O
because O
of O
their O
large O
relative O
errors O

Inter-method O
differences O
among O
11 O
available O
assay O
methods O
were O
great O
even O
after O
correction O
and O
depended O
on O
not O
only O
the O
methods O
but O
the O
samples O
used O
for O
the O
determination O

The O
performance O
of O
some O
methods O
or O
instruments O
used O
are O
only O
poor O
at O
distinguishing O
the O
stable O
glycated O
haemoglobin O
itself O

Some O
alternative O
measurement O
system O
with O
comparability O
, O
commutability O
and O
precision O
should O
be O
established O

An O
urgent O
and O
worldwide O
problem O
to O
remove O
inter-laboratory O
differences O
in O
the O
measurement O
of O
GHb O
needs O
to O
be O
solved O

Users O
in O
clinical O
practice O
must O
recognize O
these O
problems O
, O
and O
, O
before O
supply O
, O
the O
providers O
should O
check O
their O
method O
and O
keep O
records O
that O
are O
readily O
traceable O

A O
postal O
survey O
was O
performed O
to O
determine O
the O
current O
practices O
and O
attitudes O
of O
radiologists O
towards O
the O
imaging O
of O
suspected O
lower O
limb O
deep D
vein D
thrombosis D
( D
DVT D
) D

One O
hundred O
and O
twenty-seven O
departments O
responded O
to O
a O
questionnaire O
sent O
in O
March O
1996 O

The O
results O
show O
that O
87 O
% O
of O
hospitals O
possess O
colour O
Doppler O
ultrasound O
( O
CDUS O
) O
machines O
and O
that O
46 O
% O
of O
departments O
perform O
ultrasound O
as O
the O
first O
line O
investigation O
in O
over O
90 O
% O
of O
cases O

Thirty O
per O
cent O
of O
departments O
considered O
calf O
vein O
visualization O
to O
be O
generally O
adequate O
and O
34 O
% O
thought O
that O
clinicians O
in O
their O
hospitals O
invariably O
anticoagulated O
patients O
with O
isolated T
calf T
thrombus T

In O
hospitals O
where O
venography O
was O
routinely O
used O
as O
the O
first O
line O
investigation O
, O
the O
most O
common O
reasons O
were O
: O
the O
perceived O
inferiority O
of O
ultrasound O
( O
US O
) O
in O
demonstrating O
below-knee O
clot D
, O
its O
time-consuming O
nature O
and O
the O
limited O
access O
to O
suitable O
ultrasound O
machines O

The O
widespread O
use O
of O
ultrasound O
is O
encouraging O
, O
however O
, O
there O
are O
clearly O
diverse O
views O

A O
significant O
minority O
of O
departments O
depend O
principally O
upon O
venography O
in O
the O
diagnosis O
of O
DVT D

Existential O
phenomenology O
and O
the O
sociological O
tradition O

Dual O
leadership O
in O
complex O
organizations O

Scientists O
at O
major O
and O
minor O
universities O
: O
a O
study O
of O
productivity O
and O
recognition O

Demotion O
in O
industrial O
management O

Career O
anchorage O
: O
managerial O
mobility O
motivations O

Social O
class O
and O
premarital O
sexual O
permissiveness O
: O
a O
re-examination O

A O
comment O
on O
`` O
anomy O
'' O

A O
factor O
analytic O
exploration O
of O
the O
alienation O
, O
anomia O
and O
authoritarianism O
domain O

Technical O
note O
on O
two O
rates O
of O
mixed O
marriage O

Some O
comments O
on O
awareness O

On O
experimental O
design O

Observations O
on O
the O
incidence O
of O
following O
of O
visual O
and O
auditory O
stimuli O
in O
naive O
mallard O
ducklings O
( O
Anas O
platyrhynchos O
) O

The O
comfort O
movements O
of O
Anatidae O

Potential O
ethological O
isolating O
mechanisms O
and O
assortative O
mating O
in O
the O
domestic O
fowl O

An O
experimental O
study O
of O
conflict O
and O
fear O
: O
an O
analysis O
of O
behavior O
of O
young O
chicks O
toward O
a O
mealworm O

I O
. O
The O
behavior O
of O
chicks O
which O
do O
not O
eat O
the O
mealworm O

The O
measuring O
function O
of O
the O
first O
legs O
of O
Araneus O
diadematus O
Cl O

The O
transport O
of O
prey O
by O
ants O

Courtship O
behaviour O
in O
the O
Drosophila O
obscura O
group O

II O

Comparative O
studies O

Vision O
versus O
touch O
in O
form O
discrimination O

Short-term O
retention O
as O
a O
function O
of O
method O
of O
measurement O
, O
recording O
time O
, O
and O
meaningfulness O
of O
the O
material O

The O
conservation O
of O
a O
shape O
property O
and O
a O
proposal O
about O
the O
origin O
of O
the O
conservations O

Persisting O
odours O
as O
a O
biasing O
factor O
in O
open-field O
research O
with O
mice O

The O
display O
of O
information O
and O
the O
judgment O
of O
contingency O

Vividness O
of O
words O
and O
learning O
to O
learn O
in O
free-recall O
learning O

Genetic O
study O
of O
the O
memorization O
of O
words O
and O
pictures O

Amylase O
production O
by O
Streptomyces O
species O

Physico-chemical O
studies O
on O
the O
stability O
of O
penicillin T
salts T

IV O

A O
statistical O
evaluation O

Studies O
on O
nitrogen O
metabolism O
of O
Penicillium O
chrysogenum O
Thom O
. O
I O
. O
Effects O
of O
lactose O
and O
sucrose O
additions O
on O
nitrogen O
metabolism O

Studies O
on O
nitrogen O
metabolism O
of O
Penicillium O
chrysogenum O
Thom O
. O
II O

Amino O
acid O
metabolism O
and O
its O
relation O
to O
the O
biosynthesis O
of O
penicillin T

The O
contribution O
of O
thoracic T
surgery T
to O
our O
discipline O

Research O
past O
and O
present O
, O
with O
particular O
reference O
to O
the O
application O
of O
the O
techniques O
of O
basic O
science O
to O
the O
problems O
of O
adrenal O
pathology O

Some O
inflammatory D
disorders D
of O
the O
large O
intestine O

Coexistence O
of O
subdural O
and O
archnoidal O
collections O
of O
fluid O
: O
an O
unusual O
case O

The O
scope O
of O
sphincterotomy T
in O
biliary T
and T
pancreatic T
surgery T

Sarcoidosis T
involving O
the O
veriform O
appendix O

`` O
Chronic D
pancreatitis D
`` O
and O
carcinoma D
of D
the D
pancreas D

A O
method O
to O
aid O
correct O
diagnosis O

Control O
of O
post-haemorrhoidectomy D
bleeding D
with O
a T
Foley T
catheter T
and T
a T
pack T

Diagnosis O
and O
therapy O
of O
chronic D
aspecific D
pancreatitis D

Behavior O
of O
the O
tetanus D
patient O
subjected O
to O
resuscitation T
treatment T

Further O
data O
on O
mediastinal D
and D
pulmonary D
tumors D
of O
the O
child O

Review O
and O
personal O
cases O

Dextran O
of O
low O
molecular O
weight O
in O
peripheral D
arterial D
insufficiency D

Clinico-statistical O
considerations O
on O
vescicular D
mole D

On O
the O
significance O
of O
histologic O
findings O
in O
neoplasms D
of O
the O
trophoblast O
( O
case O
contributions O
) O

Diagnostic O
evaluation O
of O
the O
patient O
with O
high D
blood D
pressure D

Epidemiology O
of O
hypertension D

Renal D
vascular D
hypertension D
; O
diagnosis O
and O
treatment O

The O
use O
of O
radioactive O
isotopes O
in O
the O
diagnosis O
of O
hypertension D

The O
angiogram O
in O
the O
study O
of O
hypertension D

Guanethidine O

Hepatocerebral D
degeneration D
( D
portal D
systemic D
encephalopathy D
) D

The O
relationship O
to O
fatty O
acids O

Oviposition O
and O
its O
regulation O
in O
the O
polygynous O
society O
of O
Polistes O
gallicus O
L. O

Interaction O
of O
aggressive O
and O
sexual O
behavior O
in O
male O
mice O

Conflict O
and O
conditioned O
aversive O
stimuli O
in O
the O
development O
of O
experimental O
neuroses O

Study O
of O
the O
effect O
of O
newer O
analeptic O
( O
Micoren O
) O
in O
hypoventilation O
syndrome O

Treatment O
of O
a D
disorder D
of D
perception D
and D
concept D
formation D
in O
a O
case O
of O
school O
failure O

Rorschach O
correlates O
of O
time O
estimation O

Use O
of O
food O
in O
child T
psychotherapy T

About O
genital O
discharge O
with O
special O
consideration O
of O
its O
cervical O
manifestation O

Auto-uro T
therapy T
: O
status O
and O
future O
prospects O

Clinical O
experience O
with O
the O
surface T
anesthetic T
xylocaine T
in O
obstetrics O

The O
problem O
of O
medicinal O
management O
of O
labor O

Conglutination O
of O
the O
labia O
minora O

The O
fight O
against O
hemolytic D
disease D
of O
the O
newborn O
in O
general O
practice O

Long O
term O
results O
in O
the O
300 O
most O
grave O
cases O
out O
of O
4000 O
hyperthyroid D
patients D
treated O
with O
iodine T
I-131 T
at O
the O
center O
of O
Ancona O

On O
socalled O
nervous O
exhaustion O

Examination O
of O
neonatal O
archaic O
( O
primitive O
) O
reflexes O
in O
icterus D
gravis D

Urologic O
complications O
in O
non-recurrent D
cancer D
of O
the O
cervix O

Prolonged T
cortisone T
therapy T
in O
treatment O
of O
allergic D
diseases D

The O
complexing O
of O
calcium O
by O
citrate O
, O
ortho- O
and O
polyphosphates O

A O
method O
of O
determining O
the O
patency O
of O
the O
nasolacrimal O
apparatus O

Intra-arterial O
infusion O
of O
the O
head O
and O
neck O

Anatomic O
and O
distributional O
problems O

Lymphatics O
of O
the O
mouth O
and O
neck O

Effect O
of O
sodium O
ions O
on O
the O
behavior O
of O
rest O
and O
action O
potentials O
of O
the O
cell O
membrane O
of O
the O
rat O
myometrium O

Studies O
on O
contractile O
properties O
of O
the O
blood O
serum O

Twin O
pregnancy O
and O
fetal O
and O
infantile O
perinatal D
mortality D

Fate O
of O
the O
2d O
twin O

Differential O
diagnosis O
of O
infectious D
hepatitis D
in O
pregnancy O

Epithelial O
metaplasia D
of O
the O
endometrium O

Leukoplakia D
of O
the O
vaginal O
portion O
of O
the O
uterus O
and O
its O
clinical O
evaluation O

Blood O
loss O
in O
artificial O
interruption O
of O
pregnancy O

Modified T
bra T
in O
the O
prevention O
of O
mastitis D
in O
nursing O
mothers O

Hormonal O
phenomenon O
after O
the O
excision O
of O
hydatiform O
mole O

Fetal O
chondrodystrophy O

Malignant D
mesodermal D
mixed D
tumor D
of O
the O
uterus O
following O
irradiation T

Supportive O
role O
of O
nurse O
in O
first O
stage O
of O
labor O
`` O
can O
not O
be O
emphasized O
enough O
'' O
, O
according O
to O
patient O

Toxemia D
of O
pregnancy O

Outpatient O
care O
-- O
the O
role O
of O
the O
nurse O

Abandonment O
: O
deepest O
fear O
of O
hospitalized O
children O

Support O
in O
first O
stage O
of O
labor O

The O
family O
physician O
and O
cervical D
carcinoma D
-- O
challenge O
and O
opportunity O

Purposeful O
`` O
heroic O
'' O
heart O
treatment O

Skilled O
workers O
are O
vital O
to O
maintenance O
cost O
cuts O

Karen O
: O
the O
other O
side O
of O
the O
picture O

Rhesus D
haemolytic D
disease D
; O
an O
approach O
to O
prevention O

Tumours D
of O
the O
uterus O

2 O

Malignancy O

Cancer D
of O
the O
vulva O

Effects O
of O
smoking O
on O
selected O
clinical O
obstetric O
factors O

Amniotic D
fluid D
embolism D

A O
review O
of O
the O
syndrome O
with O
a O
report O
of O
4 O
cases O

Chronic D
histiocytosis D
X D
associated O
with O
pregnancy O

Disseminated D
lupus D
erythematosus D
in O
pregnancy O

Intralesional T
therapy T
with T
betamethasone T

Strucutre O
of O
the O
influenza D
virus D

2 O
students O
at O
Quo O
Vadis O

Double O
aortic O
arch O
associated O
with O
tetralogy O
of O
Fallot O
in O
infants O
; O
report O
of O
two O
cases O

Tested O
questionnaires O
help O
administration O
learn O
if O
programs O
are O
a O
success O
, O
and O
why O

Dumping D
syndrome D
following O
pyloroplasty T
. O

Measured O
subtotal O
gastrectomy O
for O
duodenal O
ulcer O

The O
lesions O
in O
bovine O
udders O
shedding O
nonhemolytic O
coagulase-negative O
staphylococci O

Repository O
vitamin O
B O
12 O
preparations O

Mass O
spectrometry O
in O
structural O
and O
stereochemical O
problems O

93 O

Further O
observations O
on O
the O
importance O
of O
interatomic O
distance O
in O
the O
McLafferty O
rearrangement O

Synthesis O
and O
fragmentation O
behavior O
of O
deuterium-labeled O
12-keto O
steroids O

Treatment O
of O
childhood D
schizophrenia D

A O
three-year O
comparison O
of O
day O
and O
residental O
treatment O

Polycystic O
ovaries O
associated O
with O
congenital D
adrenal D
hyperplasia D

Beta-propiolactone T
as O
used O
in O
sterilization O
of O
homografts O
not O
carcinogenic O
for O
mice O

New O
operations O
in O
children O
's O
cardiac O
disease O

Effect O
of O
diabetes D
and O
starvation O
on O
myocardial O
triglyceride O
and O
free O
fatty O
acid O
utilization O

Effect O
of O
epinephrine O
on O
myocardial O
triglyceride O
and O
free O
fatty O
acid O
utilization O

Diurnal O
periodicity O
in O
the O
metabolic O
activity O
of O
bone O
tissue O

Fine O
structure O
of O
desmosomes O

, O
hemidesmosomes O
, O
and O
an O
adepidermal O
globular O
layer O
in O
developing O
newt O
epidermis O

Redundant O
myelin O
sheaths O
and O
other O
ultrastructural O
features O
of O
the O
toad O
cerebellum O

A O
radioautographic O
study O
with O
H3-thymidine O
on O
adrenal O
medulla O
nuclei O
of O
rats O
intermittently O
exposed O
to O
cold O

A O
fine O
structural O
analysis O
of O
the O
epidermis O
of O
the O
earthworm O
, O
Lumbricus O
terrestris O
L. O

Effect O
of O
thoracic O
cava O
obstruction O
on O
response O
of O
proximal O
tubule O
sodium O
reabsorption O
to O
saline O
infusion O

The O
metabolism O
of O
intravenously O
injected O
isotopic O
cholic O
acid O
in O
Laennec D
's D
cirrhosis D

The O
origin O
and O
glyceride O
distribution O
of O
fatty O
acids O
in O
rat O
adipose O
tissue O

Absorption O
of O
medium O
and O
long O
chain O
triglycerides O
: O
factors O
influencing O
their O
hydrolysis O
and O
transport O

The O
effect O
of O
epinephrine O
on O
immunoreactive O
insulin O
levels O
in O
man O

The O
role O
of O
the O
liver O
in O
serum-induced O
hypercoagulability D

Comparative O
fates O
of O
intravenously O
and O
orally O
administered O
aldosterone O
: O
evidence O
for O
extrahepatic O
formation O
of O
acid-hydrolyzable O
conjugate O
in O
man O

Binding O
of O
sulfobromophthalein O
( O
BSP O
) O
sodium O
by O
plasma O
albumin O

Its O
role O
in O
hepatic O
BSP O
extraction O

The O
rationale O
of O
extended T
resection T
for O
complicated D
cancer D
of D
the D
large D
bowel D

Etiology O
and O
incidence O
of O
renal D
stones D

Diagnosis O
of O
stone D
disease D

Medical T
treatment T
of O
stone D
disease D

Surgical T
treatment T
of O
urinary D
stones D

Prevention O
of O
stone D
formation D

Urinary O
calculi O

Is O
the O
task O
hopeless O
? O

The O
family O
medicine O
program O
of O
the O
University O
of O
Miami O

Electron O
microscopic O
studies O
of O
Mycoplasma O
( O
PPLO O
strain O
880 O
) O
in O
artificial O
medium O
and O
in O
tissue O
culture O

Chemotherapeutic O
effects O
on O
mammalian D
tumor D
cells D

3 O

Modification O
of O
leukemia O
L1210 O
growth O
kinetics O
with O
an O
antimetabolite O

Comparison O
of O
the O
sensitivity O
of O
normal O
hematopoietic O
and O
transplanted O
lymphoma O
colony-forming O
cells O
of O
mice O
to O
vinblastine O
administered O
in O
vivo O

Evidence O
for O
an O
immunological O
reaction O
of O
the O
host O
directed O
against O
its O
own O
actively O
growing O
primary D
tumor D

Hyperbaric T
oxygen T
, T
whole-body T
X T
irradiation T
, T
and T
cyclophosphamide T
combination T
therapy T
in O
mouse D
leukemia D
L1210 D

Clinical O
staging O
in O
cancer D
of D
the D
larynx D
: O
a O
report O
on O
788 O
cases O
using O
the O
American O
Joint O
Committee O
's O
method O
of O
stage O
classification O

Comparison O
of O
the O
international O
and O
American O
systems O
for O
the O
staging O
of O
breast D
cancer D

Effects O
of O
tryptophan O
mustard O
on O
incorporation O
of O
amino O
acids O
into O
proteins O
in O
tumor-bearing O
rats O

An O
electron O
microscope O
study O
of O
plant D
neoplasia D
induced O
by O
wound D
tumor D
virus D

Possibilities O
of O
surgical T
correction T
of O
malformations D
of D
the D
bones D
of D
the D
foot D

The O
postprandial O
period O
of O
the O
gastrectomized O
patient O

Radiocinematographic O
and O
clinical O
correlation O

Muscle O
pathology O
; O
contribution O
of O
experimentation O

Origin O
of O
milk O
cholesterol O
in O
the O
rat O
: O
dietary O
versus O
endogenous O
sources O

Comparative O
effects O
of O
two O
benzodiazepine O
compounds O
on O
isolated O
human O
myometrium O

Histochemistry O
of O
hydrolytic O
and O
oxidative O
enzymes O
in O
the O
human O
and O
experimentally O
induced O
adenocarcinoma D
of O
the O
endometrium O

Cardiac O
monitors O
work O
-- O
but O
they O
should O
report O
more O
than O
they O
do O

Delivery O
room O
pediatrics O

The O
responsibilities O
of O
the O
obstetrician O

A O
pediatrician O
's O
checklist O
for O
adolescents O

Community O
clinic O
treatment O
for O
back-ward O
patients O

Studies O
in O
infantile D
malnutrition D

V O

The O
effect O
of O
dietary O
protein O
source O
on O
serum O
proteins O

Fish T
protein T
concentrates T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
kwashiorkor D

athyrism D
in O
the O
fetal O
rat O

Evidence O
for O
impairment O
of O
elastin O
formation O

Familial D
vitamin D
D D
resistant D
rickets D
in O
untreated O
adult O

Bony O
proliferation O
of O
neural O
arches O
with O
cord O
compression O

Amyloidosis D
of O
the O
cornea O

Report O
of O
a O
case O
without O
conjunctival O
involvement O

Effect O
of O
tranquilizing T
drugs T
on O
postnatal O
behavior O

Fathers O
in O
the O
delivery O
room O
-- O
an O
opposition O
standpoint O

Fathers O
in O
the O
delivery O
-- O
'' O
helpful O
and O
supportive O
'' O

`` O
Return O
the O
joy O
of O
home O
delivery O
'' O
with O
fathers O
in O
the O
delivery O
room O

Fathers O
in O
the O
delivery O
room O
-- O
long O
experience O
molds O
one O
viewpoint O

Doctors O
-- O
we O
need O
you O

Pharmacological O
blockade O
of O
ovulation O
in O
the O
ewe O

Some O
factors O
affecting O
the O
response O
of O
the O
immature O
mouse O
to O
pregnant O
mare O
serum O
gonadotrophin O
and O
human O
chorionic O
gonadotrophin O

The O
metabolism O
of O
cortisol O
by O
human O
extra-hepatic O
tissues O

Aromatization O
of O
7-alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone O
and O
of O
its O
3-sulphate O
by O
ovarian O
and O
placental O
tissue O
cultures O

Metabolic O
and O
endocrine O
effects O
of O
lysergic O
acid O
diethylamide O
( O
LSD-25 O
) O
on O
male O
rats O

Mutation O
frequencies O
detected O
following O
irradiation T
of O
virgin O
and O
inseminated O
Drosophila O
melanogaster O
females O

Relationship O
of O
fractons O
of O
soybeans O
and O
a O
crystalline O
soybean O
trypsin O
inhibitor O
to O
the O
effects O
of O
feeding O
unheated O
soybean O
meal O
to O
chicks O

Metabolism O
of O
polyunsaturated O
fatty O
acids O
and O
serum O
cholesterol O
levels O
in O
the O
rat O

Comparison O
of O
neutral O
fat O
and O
free O
fatty O
acids O
in O
high O
lipid-low O
carbohydrate O
diets O
for O
the O
growing O
chicken O

An O
approach O
to O
quantitative O
analysis O
of O
intrauterine O
pressure O
data O

Intracranial D
teratomas D
in O
fetal O
life O
and O
infancy O

Twinning O
in O
relation O
to O
birth O
weight O
, O
mortality O
, O
and O
congenital D
anomalies D

Breast O
engorgement O
and O
postpartum D
fever D

Evolution O
of O
a O
placenta O
circumvallata O

Sequential O
estrogen-progestogen T
therapy T
in O
gynecology O

Ovarian D
carcinoma D

The O
problems O
of O
staging O
and O
grading O

Oxytocin O
induction O
in O
pregnant O
rabbits O
, O
with O
special O
reference O
to O
the O
stillbirth O
rate O

Significance O
of O
a O
single O
umbilical O
artery O

Report O
from O
the O
collaborative O
study O
of O
cerebral O
palsy O

Perforated D
peptic D
ulcer D
in O
pregnancy O

Poverty O
as O
an O
isolated O
factor O
in O
relation O
to O
perinatal D
asphyxia D

Perforation D
of D
the D
postpartum D
uterus D
with O
an O
intrauterine O
contraceptive O
device O

Congenital D
heart D
disease D
, O
deaf-mutism D
and O
associated D
somatic D
malformations D
occurring O
in O
several O
members O
of O
one O
family O

Toward O
a O
community O
alcoholism O
program O

Cases O
8 O
and O
9 O

Anesthesia T
accidents O

Gynaecological O
pain O

Profileplasty T

Hypertrophic O
obstructive O
cardiomyopathy D

Oral T
contraceptives T
, O
thrombosis D
, O
and O
cyclical O
factors O
affecting O
veins O
. O

On O
the O
influence O
of O
cytostatic O
agents O
and O
immune O
bodies O
on O
choriocarcinoma O
cells O
in O
tissue O
culture O

Fat O
absorption O
: O
a O
transport O
problem O

Corpora D
lutea D
in O
proven O
mules O

Reconstructive O
tubal T
surgery T

Studies O
on O
the O
natural O
posterior O
pituitary O
hormones O

II O

On O
the O
official O
inspection O
of O
coal-tar O
dyes O
in O
1969 O

3 O

Analysis O
of O
Cr O
, O
Zn O
, O
Fe O
and O
Pb O
contaminants O
in O
food O
coal-tar O
dyes O
and O
their O
aluminium O
lakes O
by O
atomic O
absorption O
spectrophotometry O

Radiosterilization O
of O
medical O
products O

I O
. O
Effects O
of O
radiation O
on O
physical O
and O
chemical O
properties O
of O
injection O
needles O

Screening O
tests O
of O
microorganisms O
for O
the O
microbial O
transformation O
of O
griseophenone O
A O
, O
N-methylcoclaurine O
and O
sparteine O

Gas O
chromatographic O
studies O
on O
organic O
mercurials O

Application O
of O
infra-red O
absorption O
spectroscopy O
to O
examination O
of O
drugs O
and O
their O
preparation O

XIX O

Determination O
of O
silicone O
oil O
in O
disposable O
plastic O
syringes O

Observation O
of O
air O
pollution O
with O
the O
aid O
of O
continuous O
analysers O

3 O

Correlation O
between O
the O
concentration O
of O
various O
kinds O
of O
pollutants O
in O
atmosphere O
and O
wind O
direction O
and O
velocity O
at O
Kasumigaseki O
, O
central O
district O
of O
Tokyo O

Ultramicro-analysis O
of O
cyclohexylamine O
and O
low O
fatty O
amines O
by O
gas O
chromatography O

Some O
knowledges O
on O
the O
potency O
of O
heparin O
fractions O
obtained O
by O
gel O
filtration O

On O
the O
peripheral O
effects O
of O
endotoxin O
and O
leucocyte O
pyrogen O
in O
rabbit O

A O
tentative O
draft O
of O
qualitative O
test O
of O
fluoride O
for O
adoption O
to O
the O
general O
tests O
of O
eighth O
revised O
edition O
of O
the O
Pharmacopoeia O
of O
Japan O

Identification O
of O
tranquillizers T
by O
thin-layer O
chromatography O

Analysis O
of O
steroids O

II O

A O
note O
on O
the O
assay O
of O
corticoid O
preparations O
by O
tetrazolium O
salt O

Analysis O
of O
steroids O

3 O

Colorimetric O
assay O
of O
thiomesterone O

Studies O
on O
the O
radioimmunoassay O
of O
insulin T

I O
. O
The O
production O
and O
detection O
of O
anti-insulin O
serum O
and O
anti-guinea-pig O
globulin O
rabbit O
serum O

Synthesis O
of O
lysergic O
acid O
diethylamide O
( O
LSD O
) O

Studies O
on O
the O
anti-microbial O
activity O
of O
nonionic O
and O
anionic O
surfactants O

On O
the O
National O
Institute O
of O
Hygienic O
Sciences O
Standard O
`` O
lysozyme O
standard O
'' O

On O
the O
examination O
of O
ginseng O
and O
powdered O
ginseng O
in O
1969 O

On O
the O
standardization O
of O
plastic T
suture T

Undergraduate O
research O
assistants O
in O
the O
Faculty O
of O
Medicine O

University O
College O
of O
Rhodesia O

Congenital D
aortic D
stenosis D

Sodium O
in O
heart D
failure D

Potassium O
in O
heart D
failure D

Hydrogen O
ion O
equilibrium O
in O
heart D
failure D

Various O
aspects O
of O
water-salt O
metabolism O
in O
heart D
congestive D
failure D

Clinical O
physiopathology O
of O
the O
patency O
of O
the O
interatrial O
septum O

Various O
aspects O
of O
diuresis D
in O
heart D
congestive D
failure D

Changes O
in O
the O
mechanism O
of O
renal O
acidification O
in O
congestive D
heart D
failure D
: O
effects O
of O
diuretic T
treatment T
on O
the O
acid-base O
equilibrium O

Defects O
of O
the O
interventricular O
septum O
not O
associated O
with O
other O
malformations O

Clinical O
physiopathology O
of O
the O
patency O
of O
Botallo D
's D
ductus D
arteriosus D

Clinical O
physiopathology O
of O
congenital D
cyanogenic D
cardiopathies D

Electronic O
computers O
in O
medical O
education O
of O
the O
future O

Anesthesiology O
and O
computers O

Immediate O
outcome O
and O
long-term O
results O
of O
108 O
sphincterotomies O
of O
Oddi O
's O
sphincter O
of O
biliary O
indication O

Neuraminic O
acid-containing O
oligosaccharides O
of O
human O
urine O
: O
isolation O
and O
identification O
of O
di-N-acetylneuraminyl-3-galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine O
, O
6-2-Nacetylneuraminyl-lactose O
, O
6-2-N-acetylneuraminyl-N-acetyllactosamine O
and O
3-2-N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose O

Determination O
of O
serum O
oxytocinase O
( O
1-cystine-aminopeptidase O
) O
activity O

Intolerance O
to O
milk O
in O
ulcerative D
colitis D

A O
preliminary O
report O

Rhinitis D
in O
herds O
with O
piglet D
influenza D

Research O
on O
breeding O
hygiene O
in O
pigs O
and O
piglets O
free O
from O
epidemic D
diseases D

The O
stimulatory O
effect O
of O
luteinizing O
hormone O
on O
adenosine O
3 O
' O
, O
5'-monophosphate O
accumulation O
in O
corpus O
luteum O
slices O

Electrolyte O
and O
acid-base O
balance O
in O
fetal O
and O
maternal O
blood O

An O
experimental O
and O
a O
clinical O
study O

Q D
fever D
at O
a O
combined O
meat O
and O
poultry O
abattoir O

Some O
functional O
and O
morphological O
alterations O
occurring O
during O
and O
after O
the O
adaptation O
of O
BHK O
21 O
clone O
13 O
cells O
to O
suspension O
culture O

Asbestos O
as O
an O
urban O
air O
contaminant O

Gas O
permeability O
of O
plastic O
membranes O
for O
artificial T
lungs T

Technoogy O
, O
automation O
and O
human O
welfare O

A O
radium O
accident O
in O
a O
hospital O

High O
energy O
roentgen O
ray O
contamination O
of O
the O
electron O
beam O
from O
a O
medical O
betatron O

The O
genetically O
significant O
dose O
from O
roentgen O
examinations O
in O
Finland O
in O
1963 O

Differential O
expression O
of O
fibroblast O
growth O
factor-2 O
and O
receptor O
by O
glial O
cells O
in O
experimental O
autoimmune D
encephalomelitis D
( D
EAE D
) D

Cesarean O
deliveries O
at O
a O
university O
hospital O
: O
analysis O
of O
rates O
and O
indications O

Increase O
in O
ambient O
temperature O
may O
explain O
decrease O
in O
amniotic O
fluid O
index O

Early O
treatment O
of O
gestational D
diabetes D
reduces O
the O
rate O
of O
fetal D
macrosomia D

Antenatally O
detectable O
markers O
for O
the O
diagnosis O
of O
autosomally D
trisomic D
fetuses D
in O
at-risk O
pregnancies O

The O
rate O
of O
severe O
preeclampsia D
is O
increased O
in O
triplet O
as O
compared O
to O
twin O
gestations O

Thermal O
equipment O
usage O
patterns O
in O
neonatal O
intensive O
care O
units O
: O
interunit O
variability O
and O
intraunit O
consistency O

Massive O
fetomaternal D
hemorrhage D

Perinatal O
features O
of O
omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate D
anus-spinal D
defects D
( D
OEIS D
complex D
) D
associated O
with O
large O
meningomyeloceles D
and O
severe D
limb D
defects D

Subchorial D
hematoma D
: O
a O
probable O
cause O
of O
reversible O
nonimmune O
hydrops O
fetalis D

Pregnancy O
in O
chronic O
progressive O
external O
ophthalmoplegia D
: O
a O
case O
report O

Effect O
of O
magnesium O
sulfate O
on O
the O
development O
of O
cystic O
periventricular O
leukomalacia D
in O
preterm O
infants O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Repeated O
courses O
of O
steroids O
in O
preterm O
membrane O
rupture O
do O
not O
increase O
the O
risk O
of O
histologic O
chorioamnionitis O

Intrapartum O
sonography O
of O
the O
lower O
uterine O
segment O
in O
patients O
with O
breech-presenting O
fetuses O

Isolated O
persistent O
fetal O
bradycardia O
in O
complete O
A-V O
block O
: O
a O
conservative O
approach O
is O
appropriate O

A O
case O
report O
and O
a O
review O
of O
the O
literature O

Spontaneous O
rectus D
sheath D
hematoma D
during O
pregnancy O
mimicking O
abruptio D
placenta D

Amnioinfusion T
for O
prevention O
of O
pulmonary D
hypoplasia D
in O
second-trimester O
rupture O
of O
membranes O

Trauma O
and O
pregnancy O

Fetal O
breathing O
movements O
within O
24 O
hours O
of O
delivery O
in O
prematurity O
are O
related O
to O
histologic O
and O
clinical O
evidence O
of O
amnionitis D

Laerdal O
infant O
resuscitators O
are O
unreliable O
as O
free-flow O
oxygen O
delivery O
devices O

Laryngeal D
obstruction D
caused O
by O
lingual D
thyroglossal D
duct D
cyst D
presenting O
at O
birth O

Oligohydramnios O
and O
the O
appropriately O
grown O
fetus O

Ultrastructure O
of O
human O
colostral O
cells O

Dubowitz O
assessment O
of O
gestational O
age O
and O
agreement O
with O
prenatal O
methods O

Low O
prenatal O
weight O
gain O
among O
low-income O
women O
: O
what O
are O
the O
risk O
factors O
? O

Depression D
after O
childbirth O
: O
the O
views O
of O
medical O
students O
and O
women O
compared O

Breastfeeding O
and O
the O
use O
of O
pacifiers O

Care O
in O
normal O
birth O
: O
a O
practical O
guide O

Technical O
Working O
Group O
, O
World O
Health O
Organization O

Cesarean O
sections O
: O
women O
's O
choice O
for O
giving O
birth O
? O

Epidurals T
and O
breastfeeding O

Lamaze O
and O
Bradley O
childbirth O
classes O

Concerns O
about O
the O
institutionalization O
of O
childbirth O
education O

Index O
to O
current O
literature O

A O
randomized O
trial O
of O
one-to-one O
nurse O
support O
of O
women O
in O
labor O

Commentary O
: O
are O
nurses O
effective O
providers O
of O
labor O
support O
? O
Should O
they O
be O
? O
Can O
they O
be O
? O

Women O
's O
views O
of O
different O
models O
of O
antenatal O
care O
in O
Victoria O
, O
Australia O

The O
effect O
of O
discharge O
pack O
formula O
and O
breast O
pumps O
on O
breastfeeding O
duration O
and O
choice O
of O
infant O
feeding O
method O

Commentary O
: O
discharge O
packs O
: O
how O
much O
do O
they O
matter O
? O

Quality O
framework O
for O
force O
plate O
testing O

Bone O
registration O
method O
for O
robot T
assisted T
surgery T
: O
pedicle O
screw O
insertion O

Parameter O
sensitivity O
of O
a O
mathematical O
model O
of O
the O
anterior O
cruciate O
ligament O

Simultaneous O
measurement O
of O
stiffness O
and O
energy O
absorptive O
properties O
of O
articular O
cartilage O
and O
subchondral O
trabecular O
bone O

Estimation O
of O
loads O
and O
stresses O
in O
abdominal O
muscles O
during O
slow O
lifts O

Contralateral O
modification O
of O
transitory O
evoked O
otoacoustic O
emissions O

Treatment O
of O
cavernous D
hemangiomas D
with O
the O
neodymium T
: T
YAG T
laser T

Mucous D
membrane D
melanomas D
of O
the O
upper O
aerodigestive O
tract O

An O
analysis O
of O
34 O
cases O

Are O
the O
products O
of O
CD44 O
exons O
v5 O
and O
v6 O
markers O
for O
metastasis O
of O
laryngeal D
carcinomas D
? O

Detection O
of O
differentially O
expressed O
genes O
in O
head-neck D
carcinomas D

Tuberculosis D
of O
the O
parotid O
gland O
: O
a O
rare O
differential O
diagnosis O
of O
parotid D
tumor D

A O
case O
of O
sarcoidosis D
of O
the O
mastoid O

Genomic O
medicine O

Internet O
resources O
for O
medical O
genetics O

Genetics O

A O
piece O
of O
my O
mind O

A O
'normal O
' O
practice O

Predisposition O
genetic O
testing O
for O
late-onset D
disorders D
in O
adults O

A O
position O
paper O
of O
the O
National O
Society O
of O
Genetic O
Counselors O

Scientists O
revel O
in O
new O
research O
tool O
: O
an O
online O
index O
of O
cancer O
genes O

Center O
for O
genetic O
research O
on O
scleroderma D

As O
discoveries O
unfold O
, O
a O
new O
urgency O
to O
bring O
genetic O
literacy O
to O
physicians O

> O
From O
the O
Centers O
for O
Disease O
Control O
and O
Prevention O

Gonorrhea D
among O
men O
who O
have O
sex O
with O
men O
-- O
selected O
sexually O
transmitted O
diseases O
clinics O
, O
1993-1996 O

> O
From O
the O
Centers O
for O
Disease O
Control O
and O
Prevention O

Chlamydia D
screening O
practices O
of O
primary-care O
providers O
-- O
Wake O
County O
, O
North O
Carolina O
, O
1996 O

Social O
ties O
and O
susceptibility O
to O
the O
common D
cold D

Prevention O
of O
bacterial D
endocarditis D
: O
American O
Heart O
Association O
recommendations O

Issues O
regarding O
antiretroviral T
treatment T
for O
patients O
with O
HIV-1 D
infection D

Prescribing O
protease T
inhibitors T
for O
the O
homeless O

Treatment O
of O
verruca D
vulgaris D
with O
topical T
cidofovir T

Complete O
genomic O
screen O
in O
late-onset O
familial O
Alzheimer D
disease D

Evidence O
for O
a O
new O
locus O
on O
chromosome O
12 O

BRCA1 O
sequence O
analysis O
in O
women O
at O
high O
risk O
for O
susceptibility O
mutations O

Risk O
factor O
analysis O
and O
implications O
for O
genetic O
testing O

Characteristics O
of O
prostate D
cancer D
in O
families O
potentially O
linked O
to O
the O
hereditary O
prostate O
cancer O
1 O
( O
HPC1 O
) O
locus O

Chromosome O
19 O
single-locus O
and O
multilocus O
haplotype O
associations O
with O
multiple D
sclerosis D

Evidence O
of O
a O
new O
susceptibility O
locus O
in O
Caucasian O
and O
Chinese O
patients O

Cancer D
incidence O
after O
retinoblastoma D

Radiation O
dose O
and O
sarcoma O
risk O

Genetic O
testing O
in O
hereditary O
colorectal D
cancer D

Molecular O
neurogenetics O
: O
the O
genome O
is O
settling O
the O
issue O

Family O
history O
and O
genetic O
risk O
factors O
: O
forward O
to O
the O
future O

Preparing O
health O
professionals O
for O
the O
genetic O
revolution O

Preterm O
premature O
rupture D
of D
the D
membranes D
associated O
with O
recent O
cocaine O
use O

Attitudes O
toward O
health-care O
, O
HIV D
infection D
, O
and O
perinatal O
transmission O
interventions O
in O
a O
cohort O
of O
inner-city O
, O
pregnant O
women O

Association O
of O
parvovirus D
infection D
with O
isolated O
fetal O
effusions O

Early O
and O
long-term O
results O
of O
rehabilitation O
of O
cochlear T
implant T
patients O
) O

Principles O
of O
signal O
detection O
in O
pharmacovigilance O

Homology O
modeling O
of O
adenylosuccinate O
synthetase O
from O
Saccharomyces O
cerevisiae O
reveals O
a O
possible O
binding O
region O
for O
single-stranded O
ARS O
sequences O

Deletion O
analysis O
of O
the O
p16/CDKN2 O
gene O
in O
head O
and O
neck O
squamous O
cell O
carcinoma D
using O
quantitative O
polymerase O
chain O
reaction O
method O

Ribosomal O
S6 O
kinase O
p90rsk O
and O
mRNA O
cap-binding O
protein O
eIF4E O
phosphorylations O
correlate O
with O
MAP O
kinase O
activation O
during O
meiotic O
reinitiation O
of O
mouse O
oocytes O

Hyaluronidase O
activity O
of O
macaque O
sperm O
assessed O
by O
an O
in O
vitro O
cumulus O
penetration O
assay O

The O
comparison O
of O
the O
responsiveness O
of O
human O
isolated O
internal O
mammary O
and O
gastroepiploic O
arteries O
to O
levcromakalim O
: O
an O
alternative O
approach O
to O
the O
management O
of O
graft O
spasm O

Single-dose O
pharmacokinetics O
of O
felbamate O
in O
patients O
with O
renal O
dysfunction O

Reporting O
of O
adverse O
drug O
reactions O
by O
hospital O
doctors O
and O
the O
response O
to O
intervention O

Glutamate O
receptors O
and O
gene O
induction O
: O
signalling O
from O
receptor O
to O
nucleus O

Role O
of O
phosphatidylinositol O
3-kinase O
in O
degranulation O
induced O
by O
IgE-dependent O
and O
-independent O
mechanisms O
in O
rat O
basophilic O
RBL-2H3 O
( O
ml O
) O
cells O

Platelet-derived O
growth O
factor O
activates O
a O
mammalian O
Ste20 O
coupled O
mitogen-activated O
protein O
kinase O
in O
airway O
smooth O
muscle O

Cyclic O
AMP O
inhibitors O
inhibits O
PDGF-stimulated O
mitogen-activated O
protein O
kinase O
activity O
in O
rat O
aortic O
smooth O
muscle O
cells O
via O
inactivation O
of O
c-Raf-1 O
kinase O
and O
induction O
of O
MAP O
kinase O
phosphatase-1 O

Mitochondrial O
cytopathies O
and O
renal D
tubular D
acidosis D

Elective T
surgery T
for O
colorectal D
cancer D
in O
the O
aged O
: O
a O
clinical-economical O
evaluation O

Leukaemia D
and O
non-Hodgkin D
's D
lymphoma D
in O
children O
and O
young O
adults O
: O
are O
prenatal O
and O
neonatal O
factors O
important O
determinants O
of O
disease O
? O

Inverse O
correlation O
between O
loss O
of O
heterozygosity O
of O
the O
short O
arm O
of O
chromosome O
12 O
and O
p15ink4B/p16ink4 O
gene O
inactivation O
in O
childhood D
acute D
lymphoblastic D
leukaemia D

Drug O
resistance O
markers O
: O
are O
they O
bad O
or O
good O
? O

Elective T
surgery T
for O
gastrointestinal D
tumours D
in O
the O
elderly O

Folate T
and O
heart D
disease D
: O
theoretical O
link O
needs O
study O
. O

A O
call O
for O
stepped-up O
melanoma D
screening O

New O
approaches O
to O
stroke D
require O
immediate O
action O

The O
focus O
is O
now O
on O
standards O
and O
privacy O
in O
electronic O
patient O
records O

Osteopathic O
manifesto O

I O
. O
Introduction O

II O

The O
roots O

1981 O

Treatment O
uncertainties O
surround O
early O
diagnosis O
of O
breast D
cancer D

Depression D
in O
the O
chronically O
ill O
needs O
separate O
treatment O

Medical O
centers O
tackle O
delays O
, O
reduce O
wait O
times O

Epilepsy O
and O
attention O
deficit O
hyperactivity O
disorder O
: O
is O
methylphenidate O
safe O
and O
effective O
? O

Applying O
the O
AIDS D
paradigm O
to O
hepatitis D

New O
asthma D
guidelines O
emphasize O
better O
diagnosis O
, O
stricter O
control O

Osteopathic O
manifesto O

IV O

The O
search O

1981 O

Researchers O
puzzle O
over O
origin O
of O
type O
2 O
diabetes D

Ovarian D
cancer D
: O
diagnostic O
limitations O
, O
treatment O
obstacles O

Osteopathic O
manifesto O

V O

Legislative O
and O
legal O
vigilance O

1981 O

Osteopathic O
manifesto O

VI O

The O
light O
of O
the O
profession O

1981 O

Electrophysiological O
evidence O
on O
the O
time O
course O
of O
semantic O
and O
phonological O
processes O
in O
speech O
production O

Effects O
of O
alanine O
and O
glycine O
substitution O
for O
tryptophan O
on O
the O
heterogeneity O
of O
gramicidin O
A O
analogs O
in O
micelles O

Torsion-angle O
molecular O
dynamics O
as O
a O
new O
efficient O
tool O
for O
NMR O
structure O
calculation O

Time-domain O
quanification O
of O
amplitude O
, O
chemical O
shift O
, O
apparent O
relaxation O
time O
T2 O
, O
and O
phase O
by O
wavelet-transform O
analysis O

Application O
to O
biomedical O
magnetic O
resonance O
spectroscopy O

Investigation O
of O
uncertainties O
in O
relaxation O
analysis O
of O
2D O
NOE O
which O
arise O
from O
spectral O
noise O

An O
efficient O
HN O
( O
CA O
) O
NH O
pluse O
scheme O
for O
triple-resonance O
4D O
correlation O
of O
sequential O
amide O
protons O
and O
nitrogens-15 O
in O
deuterated O
proteins O

Optimal O
detection O
of O
weak O
nJ O
( O
1H- O
119Sn O
) O
couplings O
by O
gradient-enhanced O
1D O
and O
2D O
heteronuclear O
multiple-quantum O
correlation O
spectroscopy O

Application O
to O
a O
novel O
tin O
derivative O
of O
erythromycin O
A O

Thermoelectric O
cooling O
for O
NMR O
sample O
temperature O
control O

H2NCO-E.COSY O
, O
a O
simple O
method O
for O
the O
sterospecific O
assignment O
of O
side-chain O
amide O
protons O
in O
proteins O

Applying O
excitation O
sculpting O
to O
construct O
singly O
and O
doubly O
selective O
1D O
NMR O
experiments O

Radiation O
dosimetry O
by O
localized O
magnetic O
resonance O
spectroscopy O

The O
2D O
NMR O
experiments O
H O
( O
C O
) O
CO2 O
and O
HCCO2 O
for O
assignment O
and O
pH O
titration O
of O
carboxylate O
groups O
in O
uniformly O
15N/13C-labeled O
proteins O

Post-acquisition O
solvent O
suppression O
by O
singular-value O
decomposition O

Osteopathic O
manifesto O

IX O

What O
about O
our O
distinctiveness O
? O
1981 O

Preparing O
for O
thalidomide T
's T
comeback O

Heart D
disease D
: O
women O
's O
unique O
risks O
demand O
attention O

Resolution O
due O
in O
medical O
software O
regulation O

Osteopathic O
manifesto O

VII O

Shadows O
and O
images O

1981 O

The O
practical O
use O
of O
PCR O
for O
rapid O
detection O
of O
methicillin T
resistance O
among O
staphylococcal O
clinical O
isolates O
from O
Turkish O
hospitals O

Randomised O
double-blind O
trial O
of O
fixed O
low-dose O
warfarin T
with T
aspirin T
after O
myocardial D
infarction D

Coumadin O
Aspirin O
Reinfarction O
Study O
( O
CARS O
) O
Investigators O

Randomised O
trial O
of O
roxithromycin T
in O
non-Q-wave D
coronary D
syndromes D
: O
ROXIS O
Pilot O
Study O

ROXIS O
Study O
Group O

Association O
between O
5-HT2A O
gene O
promoter O
polymorphism O
and O
anorexia D
nervosa D

Randomised O
study O
of O
radical T
surgery T
versus T
radiotherapy T
for O
stage D
Ib-IIa D
cervical D
cancer D

State O
regulation O
in O
a O
world O
of O
`` O
boundary-less O
'' O
technology O

Screening O
for O
Chlamydia D
trachomatis D
? O

Physician-assisted O
suicide O
in O
Oregon O

Common O
nutritional O
issues O
in O
pediatric O
and O
adult O
critical O
care O
medicine O

A O
multifactorial O
analysis O
of O
facial O
nerve O
results O
in O
surgery O
for O
cerebellopontine O
angle O
tumors O

Osteopathic O
manifesto O

VIII O

Our O
distinct O
image O

1981 O

Quality O
in O
general O
practice O

Winning O
the O
war O
on O
cancer D

Clinical O
problem-solving O
-- O
where O
did O
good O
old O
clinical O
diagnosis O
go O
? O

The O
named O
nurse O
: O
patient O
and O
nurse O
expectations O

Genetic O
testing O
opens O
brave O
new O
world O

Heterologous O
vaccines T
: O
proponent O
sparks O
some O
interest O

Steps O
still O
being O
taken O
to O
undo O
damage O
of O
`` O
America O
's O
Nuremberg O
'' O

Patient-centered O
ethics O
reclaiming O
center O
stage O

Social O
ties O
and O
susceptibility O
to O
the O
common D
cold D

Connecting O
peptide O
, O
correcting O
peptide O
? O

Winning O
health O
victories O
with O
community O
commitment O

Telemedicine O
gets O
a O
chance O
to O
prove O
itself O

Additional O
opinions O
on O
the O
mortality O
of O
animal O
research O

Recurrent D
strokes D
in O
a O
34-year-old O
man O

A O
plan O
for O
improving O
outcomes O
for O
patients O
with O
chronic D
renal D
failure D

Scientific O
evidence O
in O
family O
and O
community O
medicine O

Evidence O
that O
the O
expression O
of O
progesterone-induced O
blocking O
factor O
by O
maternal O
T-lymphocytes O
is O
positively O
correlated O
with O
conception O

Another O
use O
of O
androgens T
: O
treatment O
of O
anemia D
of D
end-stage D
renal D
disease D

Isotopic O
evidence O
for O
extraterrestrial O
non-racemic O
amino O
acids O
in O
the O
Murchison O
meteorite O

The O
American O
Medical O
Association O
Guidelines O
for O
Adolescent O
Preventive O
Services O

Classification O
of O
malignant D
lymphomas D
: O
the O
updated O
Kiel O
classification O

Rethink O
on O
screening O
for O
breast D
cancer D

Sports-related O
ocular D
injuries D

Fruit O
juice O
consumption O

The O
case O
of O
the O
missing O
methylphenidate T

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Intensive T
insulin T
treatment T
after O
acute D
myocardial D
infarction D
in O
diabetes D
mellitus D

Intensive O
insulin O
regimens O
in O
primary O
prevention O
should O
be O
assessed O

GPs O
' O
perceptions O
of O
tolerability O
of O
selective O
serotonin O
reuptake O
inhibitors O
and O
tricyclic O
antidepressants T

Research O
into O
long O
term O
use O
is O
needed O

Diagnosing O
and O
managing O
polymyalgia D
rheumatica D
and O
temporal D
arteritis D

Sensitivity O
of O
temporal O
artery O
biopsy O
varies O
with O
biopsy O
length O
and O
sectioning O
strategy O

Obstructive O
sleep D
apnoea D

Authors O
' O
reply O

Impact O
of O
postmenopausal O
hormone T
therapy T
on O
cardiovascular O
events O
and O
cancer D
. O

Search O
for O
studies O
was O
limited O

Treating O
shoulder O
complaints O
in O
general O
practice O

Diagnostic O
criteria O
must O
be O
used O
and O
therapeutic O
regimens O
standardised O

Authorship O

System O
acknowledging O
roles O
of O
contributors O
is O
best O

Authorship O

New O
authorship O
practices O
are O
needed O
in O
developing O
countries O

Authorship O

Researchers O
' O
objective O
is O
to O
get O
the O
job O
done O

Quality O
and O
clinical O
audit O

Transurethral T
microwave T
thermotherapy T

Management O
of O
ileosigmoid D
knotting D

Epitome O
of O
myocarditis D

Producing O
consistent O
estimates O
of O
the O
power O
spectral O
density O
of O
NN O
sequences O

Environmental O
tobacco O
smoke O
and O
coronary D
heart D
disease D

Long-term O
benefit O
of O
one O
thrombolytic T
over O
another O

Coupling O
of O
hemodynamic O
measurements O
with O
oxygen O
during O
exercise O
does O
not O
improve O
risk O
stratification O
in O
patients O
with O
heart D
failure D

Smoking O
-- O
good O
or O
bad O
for O
semen O
? O

The O
pruning O
of O
Doctor O
McDonough O
and O
the O
`` O
humanizing O
'' O
of O
statistics O

Violence O

Prevention O
in O
the O
home O
health O
setting O

Contempo O
1997 O
: O
obstetrics O
and O
gynecology O

Mortality O
and O
refusal O
of O
ICU O
admission O

Extracorporeal O
photopheresis O
in O
SÃ O
( O
c O
) O
zary O
syndrome O

Attacks O
on O
tobacco O
industry O

Does O
blinding O
of O
readers O
affect O
results O
of O
meta-analyses O
? O

Consumption O
of O
alcohol O
and O
mortality O
in O
Russia O

Presenilin O
polymorphisms O
in O
Alzheimer D
's D
disease D

Autoimmune D
enteropathy D
in O
adults O

Cyclosporiasis D
and O
raspberries O

Protean O
agonists O

Keys O
to O
receptor O
active O
states O
? O

Kinetic O
models O
of O
ion O
channels O

Agonist O
efficacy O
and O
allosteric O
models O
of O
receptor O
action O

Receptor O
Classification O
: O
The O
Integration O
of O
Operational O
, O
Structural O
, O
and O
Transductional O
Information O

Conference O
proceedings O

Verona O
, O
Italy O
, O
September O
21-22 O
, O
1995 O

Policies O
for O
posting O
biomedical O
journal O
information O
on O
the O
Internet O

International O
Committee O
of O
Medical O
Journal O
Editors O

Who O
understands O
the O
menopause O
? O

Comparison O
of O
two O
methods O
of O
screening O
for O
genital O
chlamydial D
infection D
in O
women O
attending O
in O
general O
practice O
: O
cross O
sectional O
survey O

Antimicrobial T
therapy T
in O
neutropenia D

MÃ1/4llerian O
agenesis O
: O
an O
update O

The O
US O
attack O
on O
Cuba O
's O
health O

Patient O
consent O
for O
publication O
and O
the O
health O
of O
the O
public O

Brain D
serotonin D
neurotoxicity D
and O
primary D
pulmonary D
hypertension D
from O
fenfluramine T
and O
dexfenfluramine T

Battling O
HI D
on O
many O
fronts O

Medical O
Injury O
Compensation O
Reform O
Act O
: O
good O
or O
bad O
? O

Fever O
of O
unknown O
origin O

Moxonidine T
for O
hypertension D

Researchers O
make O
slow O
headway O
in O
managing O
dry D
mouth D

A O
kinder O
, O
gentler O
approach O

Putting O
patients O
first O
? O

Managing O
the O
anxious O
and O
phobic O
dental O
patient O

Do O
it O
or O
lose O
it O

Assessment O
of O
fetal O
nuchal O
translucency O
test O
for O
Down D
's D
syndrome D

Amiodarone T
and O
thyroid O
function O

Chemotherapy T
with T
praziquantel T
has O
the O
potential O
to O
reduce O
the O
prevalence O
of O
Echinococcus D
multilocularis D
in O
wild O
foxes O
( O
Vulpes O
vulpes O
) O

Death O
rates O
from O
childhood D
leukaemia D
near O
nuclear O
sites O

Other O
studies O
showed O
that O
radiation O
levels O
in O
Newbury O
area O
were O
low O

Haemoptysis D
: O
a O
rare O
cause O

Human D
papillomavirus D
types O
52 O
and O
58 O
are O
prevalent O
in O
cervical D
cancer D
from O
Chinese O
women O

Breastfeeding O
after O
early O
discharge O

Malnutrition D
and O
microcephaly D
in O
Australian O
aboriginal O
children O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Probucol T
and T
multivitamins T
in O
the O
prevention O
of O
restenosis D
after O
coronary O
angioplasty O

Generalised O
caseous D
lymphadenitis D

Public O
health O
approach O
to O
activated O
protein O
C O
resistance O
assay O

Hormone T
replacement T
therapy T

Dose-volume O
histograms O
can O
be O
interpreted O
in O
different O
ways O

Addressing O
needle-stick O
concerns O

Cervical D
cancer D
screening O

CyberCHEST O

An O
open O
future O

Keeping O
us O
on O
our O
toes O
! O

Thalidomide O
in O
oral O
Crohn O
's O
disease O
refractory O
to O
conventional O
medical O
treatment O

Mortality O
and O
length O
of O
stay O
in O
teaching O
vs O
nonteaching O
hospitals O

Early O
discharge O
of O
newborns O

Patient O
consent O
for O
publication O

Flucticasone T
propionate T
is O
safe O
in O
recommended O
doses O

Fetal O
nuchal O
translucency O
test O
for O
Down D
's D
syndrome D

Treatment O
of O
hypertension D
in O
elderly O
patients O

Meta-analyses O
and O
large O
randomized O
, O
controlled O
trials O

Low-fat O
diets O

Ultrasonographic O
evaluation O
of O
parathyroid D
hyperplasia D

Misconceptions O
about O
mosaicism D

Are O
normal O
hearing O
thresholds O
a O
sufficient O
condition O
for O
click-evoked O
otoacoustic O
emissions O
? O

Structure O
and O
in O
vitro O
substrate O
specificity O
of O
the O
murine O
multidrug O
resistance-associated O
protein O

ATP-dependent O
transport O
of O
lipophilic O
cytotoxic O
drugs O
by O
membrane O
vesicles O
prepared O
from O
MRP-overexpressing O
HL60/ADR O
cells O

Cellular O
and O
in O
vitro O
transport O
of O
glutathione O
conjugates O
by O
MRP O

Dominant O
negative O
and O
cooperative O
effects O
of O
mutant O
forms O
of O
prolactin O
receptor O

Effect O
of O
calcium O
and O
vitamin O
D O
supplementation O
on O
bone O
density O
in O
men O
and O
women O
65 O
years O
of O
age O
or O
older O

Infection O
control O
and O
contaminated O
waste O
disposal O
practices O
in O
Southern O
Sydney O
Area O
Health O
Service O
Dental O
Clinics O

Vitamins O
and O
minerals O
: O
efficacy O
and O
safety O

Joint O
Commission O
on O
Accreditation O
of O
Healthcare O
Organizations O
' O
infection O
control O
requirements O
: O
fact O
or O
fiction O
? O

Poppy O
tea O
and O
the O
baker O
's O
first O
seizure D

ABC O
of O
mental O
health O

Mental O
health O
and O
the O
law O

Female O
embryonic O
lethality O
in O
mice O
nullizygous O
for O
both O
Msh2 O
and O
p53 O

Tests O
of O
the O
double-strand O
break O
, O
lethal-potentially O
lethal O
and O
repair-misrepair O
models O
for O
mammalian O
cell O
survival O
using O
data O
for O
survival O
as O
a O
function O
of O
delayed-plating O
interval O
for O
log-phase O
Chinese O
hamster O
V79 O
cells O

Influence O
of O
physician O
confidentiality O
assurances O
on O
adolescents O
' O
willingness O
to O
disclose O
information O
and O
seek O
future O
health O
care O

A O
randomized O
controlled O
trial O

Fever D
in O
Africa O
: O
do O
patients O
know O
when O
they O
are O
hot O
? O

Randomised O
placebo-controlled O
trial O
of O
granulocyte-colony T
stimulating T
factor T
in O
diabetic D
foot D
infection D

Systemic O
absorption O
of O
sunscreen O
after O
topical O
application O

A O
comparison O
of O
continuous T
infusion T
of T
alteplase T
with T
double-bolus T
administration T
for O
acute D
myocardial D
infarction D

The O
Continuous O
Infusion O
versus O
Double-Bolus O
Administration O
of O
Alteplase O
( O
COBALT O
) O
Investigators O

Evaluation O
and O
management O
of O
traumatic D
lacerations D

Atrial D
fibrillation D
begets O
trouble O

Ethics O
of O
HIV O
trials O

The O
ethics O
industry O

Fever D
in O
Africa O
and O
WHO O
recommendation O

`` D
Whiplash D
'' D
injury D
of O
the O
cervical O
spine O
: O
value O
of O
modern O
diagnostic O
imaging O

Guidelines O
and O
cardiac O
anaesthetists O

Antibiotic T
management T
of O
sore D
throat D

Lansoprazole T
, O
H. O
pylori O
, O
and O
atrophic D
gastritis D
. O

Help O
wanted O
: O
ultrasonographers O

`` O
Children O
are O
not O
supposed O
to O
die O

'' O
Combined O
pediatric O
and O
radiation O
oncology O
grand O
rounds O
addresses O
severe O
illness O
and O
death O

Structure-activity O
and O
mechanism O
studies O
on O
silicon O
phthalocyanines O
with O
Plasmodium O
falciparum O
in O
the O
dark O
and O
under O
red O
light O

The O
importance O
of O
being O
where O
? O
Balancing O
the O
perspective O
on O
practice O
coverage O

Effects O
of O
dobutamine T
at O
maximally O
tolerated O
dose O
on O
myocardial O
blood O
flow O
in O
humans O
with O
ischemic D
heart D
disease D
. O

Cholesterol-lowering T
therapy T

Ion O
composition O
of O
airway O
surface O
liquid O
of O
patients O
with O
cystic D
fibrosis D
as O
compared O
with O
normal O
and O
disease-control O
subjects O

Research O
in O
Copenhagen O
hospitals O
-- O
a O
bibliometric O
evaluation O

More O
on O
infertility D

Dermatobia O
-- O
tropical D
myiasis D

Progressive O
sensorineural O
hearing D
loss D
, O
subjective O
tinnitus D
and O
vertigo D
caused O
by O
elevated O
blood O
lipids O

Chronic O
telogen D
effluvium D
: O
potential O
complication O
for O
clinical O
trials O
in O
female O
androgenetic D
alopecia D
? O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Measles D
vaccination T
and O
inflammatory O
bowel O
disease O

Treatment O
of O
suicidal O
patients O

The O
systemic O
amyloidoses T

Cancer D
therapy T
and O
tumor O
physiology O

Mutual O
relationships O
based O
on O
equality O

Specialists O
and O
nurses O
: O
the O
pillars O
of O
hospital O
care O

Disability O
models O
in O
geriatrics O
: O
comprehensive O
rather O
than O
competing O
models O
should O
be O
promoted O

Ethical O
issues O
in O
interventional T
radiology T

Taking O
issue O
with O
UK O
funding O
priorities O

Phototherapeutic T
keratectomy T
in O
recurrent D
corneal D
erosions D
refractory O
to O
other O
forms O
of O
treatment O

Wegener D
's D
granulomatosis D
from O
infancy O
to O
adolescence O

Hormonal O
responses O
to O
restraint O
in O
rhesus O
monkeys O

Planned O
parenthood O
and O
artifical O
selection O

Valvular D
heart D
disease D
associated O
with O
fenfluramine-phentermine T

The O
role O
of O
procedures O
in O
family O
practice O
: O
is O
there O
a O
right O
answer O
? O

Arthrodesis T
of T
the T
first T
metatarsophalangeal T
joint T
to O
salvage O
failed D
silicone D
implant D
arthroplasty D

Methadone T
maintenance T
treatment T
: O
a O
Canadian O
perspective O

Survey O
on O
rotavirus D
infections D
in O
a O
German O
pediatric O
hospital O

Stroke D
incidence O
rates O
among O
black O
residents O
of O
Harare O
-- O
a O
prospective O
community-based O
study O

Long-term O
effect O
of O
calcium O
supplementation O
during O
pregnancy O
on O
the O
blood O
pressure O
of O
offspring O
: O
follow O
up O
of O
a O
randomised O
controlled O
trial O

The O
catalytic O
role O
of O
carbon O
dioxide O
in O
the O
decomposition O
of O
peroxynitrite O

Unethical O
trials O
of O
interventions O
to O
reduce O
perinatal O
transmission O
of O
the O
human O
immunodeficiency O
virus O
in O
developing O
countries O

Ropinirole T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
early D
Parkinson D
's D
disease D

The O
Ropinirole O
Study O
Group O

DOTS O
-- O
are O
we O
over-optimistic O
? O

Activation O
at O
the O
germinal O
vesicle O
stage O
of O
starfish O
oocytes O
produces O
parthenogenetic O
development O
through O
the O
failure O
of O
polar O
body O
extrusion O

Female O
genital O
mutilation O
: O
a O
contemporary O
issue O
, O
and O
a O
Victorian O
obsession O

Early O
death O
amongst O
anaesthetists O

Fluoride T
treatment T
increased O
serum O
IGF-1 O
, O
bone O
turnover O
, O
and O
bone O
mass O
, O
but O
not O
bone O
strength O
, O
in O
rabbits O

Retrospective O
comparison O
of O
techniques O
to O
prevent O
secondary D
cataract D
formation D
after O
posterior O
chamber O
intraocular O
lens T
implantation T
in O
infants O
and O
children O

Serotonin O
as O
a O
regulator O
of O
hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal O
activity O
in O
teleost O
fish O

Predicting O
functional O
appliance O
treatment O
outcome O
in O
Class O
II O
malocclusions D
-- O
a O
review O

Effect O
of O
cereal O
fibre O
source O
and O
processing O
on O
rectal O
epithelial O
cell O
proliferation O

Update O
: O
influenza D
activity O
-- O
worldwide O
, O
March-August O
1997 O

A O
drop O
in O
pediatric O
subject O
examination O
scores O
after O
curriculum O
changes O
that O
emphasize O
general O
pediatric O
topics O

Paradigms O
and O
the O
rise O
( O
or O
fall O
? O
) O
of O
molecular O
biology O

Water O
fluoridation O
, O
tooth D
decay D
in O
5 O
year O
olds O
, O
and O
social O
deprivation O
measured O
by O
the O
Jarman O
score O
: O
analysis O
of O
data O
from O
British O
dental O
surveys O

The O
diabetes D
audit O
and O
research O
in O
Tayside O
Scotland O
( O
DARTS O
) O
study O
: O
electronic O
record O
linkage O
to O
create O
a O
diabetes O
register O

DARTS/MEMO O
Collaboration O

Pharmaceutical O
industry O
is O
invited O
to O
respond O
to O
amnesty O
for O
unreported O
trials O

Should O
we O
screen O
for O
gestational D
diabetes D
? O

Vesico-uterine D
fistula D
-- O
a O
rare O
complication O
of O
vacuum T
extraction T
in O
a O
patient O
with O
previous O
caesarean T
section T

Managing O
endophthalmitis D

The O
plug O
and O
patch O
repair O
for O
managing O
the O
inguinal O
hernia O
of O
the O
adult O

Human O
herpesvirus O
8 O
variants O
in O
sarcoid O
tissues O

Practice O
parameters O
for O
the O
assessment O
and O
treatment O
of O
children O
and O
adolescents O
with O
schizophrenia D

American O
Academy O
of O
Child O
and O
Adolescent O
Psychiatry O

Practice O
parameters O
for O
the O
psychiatric O
assessment O
of O
infants O
and O
toddlers O
( O
0-36 O
months O
) O

American O
Academy O
of O
Child O
and O
Adolescent O
Psychiatry O

Practice O
parameters O
for O
the O
forensic O
evaluation O
of O
children O
and O
adolescents O
who O
may O
have O
been O
physically O
or O
sexually O
abused O

American O
Academy O
of O
Child O
and O
Adolescent O
Psychiatry O

Practice O
parameters O
for O
the O
psychiatric O
assessment O
of O
children O
and O
adolescents O

American O
Academy O
of O
Child O
and O
Adolescent O
Psychiatry O

Alternative O
medicine O

Leprosy D
beyond O
the O
year O
2000 O

Effect O
of O
danaparoid T
sodium T
on O
hard O
exudates O
in O
diabetic D
retinopathy D
. O

Lead O
based O
paint O
hazards O
in O
early O
childhood O
centres O
in O
the O
Wellington O
region O

Gene O
technology O
and O
democracy O

Use O
of O
statins T

Adequacy O
of O
SMAC O
's O
statement O
should O
be O
judged O
by O
clinicians O
, O
not O
health O
economists O

Glasgow O
has O
already O
produced O
strategy O
for O
treatment O

Evidence O
on O
effectiveness O
is O
stronger O
for O
statins T
than O
for O
other O
treatments O

Evidence O
based O
advertising O
? O
Half O
of O
drug O
advertisements O
in O
BMJ O
over O
six O
months O
cited O
no O
supporting O
evidence O

Non-steroidal T
anti-inflammatory T
therapy T
for O
bronchial D
asthma D

Drugs O
for O
the O
Third O
World O

Getting O
a O
handle O
on O
the O
molecules O
that O
guide O
axons O

The O
functional O
neuroanatomy O
of O
episodic O
memory O
retrieval O

Re O
: O
`` O
Biologic O
synergism O
and O
parallelism O
'' O

Shifting O
medical O
education O
from O
the O
icebox O
to O
the O
refrigerator O

Reattendance O
and O
complications O
in O
a O
randomised O
trial O
of O
prescribing O
strategies O
for O
sore O
throat O
: O
the O
medicalising O
effect O
of O
prescribing O
antibiotics O

Pure D
alexia D
could O
not O
be O
a O
disconnection O
syndrome O

A O
randomized O
, O
double-blind O
, O
dose-response O
comparison O
of O
epidural T
fentanyl T
versus O
sufentanil T
analgesia T
after O
cesarean T
section T

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Coronary O
artery O
problems O
during O
homograft O
aortic O
valve O
replacement O
: O
role O
of O
transesophageal O
echocardiography O

Spontaneous O
splenic D
rupture D
following O
administration O
of O
granulocyte T
colony-stimulating T
factor T
( T
G-CSF T
) T
: O
occurrence O
in O
an O
allogeneic O
donor O
of O
peripheral O
blood O
stem O
cells O

Evidence-based O
medicine O
and O
general O
practice O

Koch O
's O
or O
Crohn O
's O
? O

Female O
Stress O
Urinary O
Incontinence O
Clinical O
Guidelines O
Panel O
summary O
report O
on O
surgical T
management T
of O
female D
stress D
urinary D
incontinence D

The O
American O
Urological O
Association O

Haemodynamic O
performance O
of O
a O
16-mm O
Carbomedics O
aortic O
prosthesis O

Case O
records O
of O
the O
Massachusetts O
General O
Hospital O

Weekly O
clinicopathological O
exercises O

Case O
30-1997 O

A O
preterm O
newborn O
female O
triplet O
with O
diffuse O
cystic O
changes O
in O
the O
left O
lung O

Cure O
of O
Helicobacter D
pylori D
infection D
improves O
gastric O
acid O
secretion O
in O
patients O
with O
corpus D
gastritis D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Increased O
incidence O
of O
preeclampsia D
in O
women O
conceiving O
by O
intrauterine T
insemination T
with T
donor T
versus T
partner T
sperm T
for O
treatment O
of O
primary D
infertility D

Pediatric D
cervical D
spine D
injury D
sustained O
in O
falls O
from O
low O
heights O

Prophylaxis O
after O
occupational O
exposure O
to O
HIV O

How O
critical O
are O
critical O
values O
? O

Back O
from O
the O
dead O
: O
extracorporeal T
rewarming T
of O
severe D
accidental D
hypothermia D
victims O
in O
accident O
and O
emergency O

A O
classification O
of O
nucleotide-diphospho-sugar O
glycosyltransferases O
based O
on O
amino O
acid O
sequence O
similarities O

EU O
directive O
on O
bovine D
spongiform D
encephalopathy D
will O
not O
affect O
drugs O

Management O
of O
patients O
with O
HIV/AIDS D

Who O
should O
care O
? O

Anesthesiology O

Second O
of O
two O
parts O

Overdrugging O
and O
undertreatment O
in O
primary O
health O
care O

Transesophageal O
echocardiography O
probe O
holder O

Pregnancy O
outcomes O
in O
women O
with O
gestational D
diabetes D
compared O
with O
the O
general O
obstetric O
population O

Confidentiality O
as O
a O
barrier O
to O
treatment O

Recombinant O
human O
DNase O
( O
rhDNase O
) O
influences O
phospholipid O
composition O
, O
surface O
activity O
, O
rheology O
and O
consecutively O
clearance O
indices O
of O
cystic D
fibrosis D
sputum O

Palliative O
options O
of O
last O
resort O
: O
a O
comparison O
of O
voluntarily O
stopping O
eating O
and O
drinking O
, O
terminal O
sedation O
, O
physician-assisted O
suicide O
, O
and O
voluntary O
active O
euthanasia O

Automation O
in O
cervical O
cytology O
: O
whose O
cost O
and O
whose O
benefit O
? O

Losing O
weight O
-- O
an O
ill-fated O
New O
Year O
's O
resolution O

Lumbar D
puncture D
need O
n't O
be O
a O
headache O

Profiting O
from O
closure O
: O
the O
private O
finance O
initiative O
and O
the O
NHS O

Incidence O
of O
dog D
bite D
injuries D
treated O
in O
emergency O
departments O

Use O
of O
rotational O
movements O
to O
remove O
mandibular O
molars O

Comparison O
of O
three O
methods O
used O
for O
assessment O
of O
pain D
in O
dogs O

Randomised O
controlled O
trial O
of O
magnetic-resonance T
pelvimetry T
in O
breech D
presentation D
at D
term D

Single-breath O
diffusing O
capacities O
for O
NO O
, O
CO O
and O
C18O2 O
in O
rabbits O

Improved O
control O
will O
provide O
better O
quality O

Interview O
by O
Tom O
Heinemann O

Case O
of O
the O
month O

Autopsy O
Committee O
of O
the O
College O
of O
American O
Pathologists O

Cor O
pulmonale O

Human O
papillomavirus O
in O
the O
woman O
with O
HIV O

Reducing O
risk O
is O
best O
strategy O

The O
realpolitik O
of O
a O
new O
National O
Health O
Service O
for O
the O
UK O

What O
is O
your O
diagnosis O
? O
Foreign O
body O
in O
the O
abdomen O

Septic D
arthritis D

Brain D
tumours D
and O
mobile O
phones O
? O

Lung D
cancer D
, O
tobacco O
smoking O
and O
environmental O
factors O
in O
Denmark O

Emergency O
department O
use O
as O
a O
component O
of O
total O
ambulatory O
care O
: O
a O
population O
perspective O

Occupational T
therapy T
and O
outcomes O
for O
older O
adults O

Anesthesiology O

Low-molecular-weight O
heparins O

Case O
30-1997 O
: O
pulmonary D
interstitial D
emphysema D
in O
infancy O

The O
tobacco O
settlement O

Two O
actions O
are O
possible O
for O
doctors O
wanting O
to O
promote O
human O
welfare O
in O
Africa O

Carcinogenesis O
in O
transgenic O
mouse O
models O

Trouble O
in O
paradise O

Atomic O
legacy O
in O
the O
Marshall O
Islands O

The O
road O
to O
justice O

Solvent O
solution O

Role O
of O
free O
radicals O
, O
telomeres O
, O
and O
telomerases O
in O
aging O
and O
cancerogenesis O

The O
effect O
of O
ephedrine O
on O
the O
onset O
time O
of O
rocuronium O

Antibody O
class O
switch O
recombinase O
activity O
is O
B O
cell O
stage O
specific O
and O
functions O
stochastically O
in O
the O
absence O
of O
'targeted O
accessibility O
' O
control O

Systematic O
review O
of O
prophylactic O
vs O
rescue O
surfactant O

The O
safety-net O
role O
of O
international O
medical O
graduates O

The O
prevalence O
of O
chemical O
substance O
and O
alcohol O
abuse O
in O
an O
obstetric O
population O
in O
Dublin O

schizophrenia D
as O
failure O
of O
hemispheric O
dominance O
for O
language O

Late O
prenatal O
ultrasound O
features O
of O
hydrometrocolpos O
secondary O
to O
cloacal D
anomaly D
: O
case O
reports O
and O
review O
of O
the O
literature O

Familial O
and O
primary O
( O
AL O
) O
cardiac D
amyloidosis D
: O
echocardiographically O
similar O
diseases O
with O
distinctly O
different O
clinical O
outcomes O

Diabetic O
retinopathy O
, O
promoter O
( O
4G/5G O
) O
polymorphism O
of O
PAI-1 O
gene O
, O
and O
PAI-1 O
activity O
in O
Pima O
Indians O
with O
type O
2 O
diabetes D

Evaluation O
of O
diagnostic O
peritoneal O
lavage O
in O
stable O
patients O
with O
gunshot D
wounds D
to O
the O
abdomen O

Cerebral D
abscesses D
in O
a O
patient O
with O
AIDS D
caused O
by O
methicillin-resistant O
Staphylococcus O
aureus O
( O
MRSA O
) O

A O
randomised O
comparison O
of O
the O
EuroQol O
and O
Short O
Form-36 O
after O
stroke D

United O
Kingdom O
collaborators O
in O
the O
International O
Stroke O
Trial O

Clinical O
significance O
of O
Blastocystis D
hominis D
infection D
: O
epidemiologic O
study O

Karolinska O
Institute O
rocked O
by O
research O
misconduct O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Hepatic O
glutamine O
synthetase O
deficiency O
in O
fatal O
hyperammonemia O
after O
lung O
transplantation O

Where O
next O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
rectal D
cancer D
? O

GAPS O
( O
AMA O
Guidelines O
for O
Adolescent O
Preventive O
Services O
) O

Protocols O
for O
wound O
management O

Chronic O
leg D
ulcers D
: O
beware O
the O
'wolf O
in O
sheep O
's O
clothing O
! O
' O
. O

Role O
of O
fine T
needle T
aspiration T
cytology T
in O
the O
management O
of O
the O
discrete D
parotid D
lump D

More O
than O
20 O
years O
second-look O
surgery T
in O
advanced D
epithelial D
ovarian D
cancer D
: O
what O
did O
we O
learn O
? O

Evaluating O
prostate T
needle T
biopsy T
: O
therapeutic O
and O
prognostic O
importance O

Sudden O
cryptococcal D
deafness D

Methicillin-resistant O
Staphylococcus O
aureus O
clinical O
strain O
with O
reduced O
vancomycin T
susceptibility O

HIV O
and O
AIDS D
awareness O
: O
an O
evaluation O
of O
a O
short O
training O
programme O
for O
midwives O

What O
investigations O
and O
procedures O
do O
patients O
in O
hospices O
want O
? O
Interview O
based O
survey O
of O
patients O
and O
their O
nurses O

Occupational O
asthma D
due O
to O
porcine O
pancreatic O
amylase O

Double-blind O
study O
of O
pulsing T
magnetic T
field T
effects O
on O
multiple D
sclerosis D
. O

CDA O
opposes O
proposed O
HBV O
recommendations O

The O
influence O
of O
allergy D
and O
smoking O
on O
the O
sulphation O
of O
nasal O
mucins O

Clinical O
problem-solving O

A O
hidden O
agenda O

A O
comparison O
of O
the O
early O
outcome O
of O
acute O
myocardial D
infarction D
in O
women O
and O
men O

The O
Third O
International O
Study O
of O
Infarct O
Survival O
Collaborative O
Group O

Management O
of O
life-threatening O
acid-base D
disorders D

Second O
of O
two O
parts O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Freeze-dried O
cortical O
allograft O
in O
posterior O
spinal O
arthrodesis O
: O
use O
with O
segmental O
instrumentation O
for O
idiopathic O
adolescent O
scoliosis O

Removal O
of O
a O
broken O
solid-core O
intramedullary O
femoral O
nail O
using O
both O
antegrade O
and O
retrograde O
starting O
points O

Do O
no O
harm O

Thalidomide T
, O
laser O
cavity O
preparation O
and O
oral O
hydrogen O
peroxide O

Emergency O
! O
Meningococcal D
disease D

First O
the O
bad O
news O
... O

Does O
hyperglycemia D
really O
cause O
coronary D
heart D
disease D
? O

Diagnosis O
and O
therapy O
of O
primary O
stomach D
lymphoma D

Consensus O
of O
the O
Surgical O
Working O
Group O
for O
Oncology O
, O
the O
Working O
Group O
for O
Medical O
Oncology O
and O
the O
Working O
Group O
for O
Radiologic O
Oncology O

Rate O
of O
RhD O
sensitisation O
before O
and O
after O
implementation O
of O
a O
community O
based O
antenatal O
prophylaxis O
programme O

Ovine D
Johne D
's D
disease D

Effect O
of O
HAART O
on O
natural O
history O
of O
AIDS-related D
opportunistic D
disorders D

Psoas D
abscess D

Diagnosed O
if O
suspected O

Breastfeeding O
and O
catch-up O
growth O
in O
infants O
born O
small O
for O
gestational O
age O

Health O
practices O
of O
critical O
care O
nurses O
: O
are O
these O
nurses O
good O
role O
models O
for O
patients O
? O

Testing O
for O
Helicobacter D
pylori D
infection D
after O
antibiotic T
treatment T
. O

Bullous O
eruption O
in O
a O
patient O
with O
systemic D
lupus D
erythematosus D
: O
mite D
dermatitis D
caused O
by O
Cheyletiella O
blakei O

A O
case-control O
study O
of O
cytochrome O
P450 O
1A1 O
, O
glutathione O
S-transferase O
M1 O
, O
cigarette O
smoking O
and O
lung O
cancer O
susceptibility O
( O
Massachusetts O
, O
United O
States O
) O

Association O
between O
thrombolytic T
treatment T
and O
the O
prognosis O
of O
hemodynamically O
stable O
patients O
with O
major D
pulmonary D
embolism D
: O
results O
of O
a O
multicenter O
registry O
. O

Metastatic D
malignant D
mesothelioma D
presenting O
as O
colonic O
polyps O

Microelectrode-guided T
posteroventral T
pallidotomy T
for O
treatment O
of O
Parkinson D
's D
disease D
: O
postoperative O
magnetic O
resonance O
imaging O
analysis O

A O
positive O
cannabinoids O
workplace O
drug O
test O
following O
the O
ingestion O
of O
commercially O
available O
hemp O
seed O
oil O

Congenital D
diaphragmatic D
hernia D
: O
what O
happens O
after O
discharge O
? O

Goldilocks O
and O
Mrs O

Ilych O
: O
a O
critical O
look O
at O
the O
`` O
philosophy O
of O
hospice O
'' O

Sensitivity O
and O
specificity O
of O
the O
neonatal O
brain-stem O
auditory O
evoked O
potential O
for O
hearing O
and O
language O
deficits O
in O
survivors O
of O
extracorporeal O
membrane O
oxygenation O

The O
Federated O
Council O
of O
Internal O
Medicine O
's O
resource O
guide O
for O
residency O
education O
: O
an O
instrument O
for O
curricular O
change O

A O
reluctant O
doctor O
shopper O

Frequent O
users O
of O
emergency O
services O

Localized O
Darier D
disease D

Implications O
for O
genetic O
studies O

Follow O
up O
after O
potential O
curative O
surgery T
of O
colorectal D
cancer D

Guidelines O
from O
the O
Norwegian O
Gastrointestinal O
Cancer O
Group O

The O
prison O
patient O

Fulminant O
hepatic D
failure D
in O
murine D
hepatitis D
virus D
strain D
3 D
infection D
: O
tissue-specific O
expression O
of O
a O
novel O
fgl2 O
prothrombinase O

Lung T
volume T
reduction T
surgery T
for O
emphysema D

The O
use O
and O
effects O
of O
postcoital O
contraception O

Vancomycin-resistant O
Staphylococcus O
aureus O
: O
apocalypse O
now O
? O

Reflex D
sympathetic D
dystrophy D
: O
fact O
and O
fiction O

Acute D
hydrocephalus D
and O
brain D
abscess D
in O
Listeria D
monocytogenes D
meningitis D

Antisense O
suppression O
of O
4-coumarate O
: O
coenzyme O
A O
ligase O
activity O
in O
Arabidopsis O
leads O
to O
altered O
lignin O
subunit O
composition O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Alopecia O
as O
a O
consequence O
of O
tacrolimus O
therapy O
in O
renal O
transplantation O
? O

Implementation O
of O
pharmaceutical O
practice O
guidelines O

In O
vitro O
interactions O
of O
oxidatively O
modified O
LDL O
with O
type O
I O
, O
II O
, O
III O
, O
IV O
, O
and O
V O
collagen O
, O
laminin O
, O
fibronectin O
, O
and O
poly-D-lysine O

Factors O
influencing O
blood O
flow O
in O
the O
optic O
nerve O
head O

Mutations O
of O
the O
Drosophila O
dDP O
, O
dE2F O
, O
and O
cyclin O
E O
genes O
reveal O
distinct O
roles O
for O
the O
E2F-DP O
transcription O
factor O
and O
cyclin O
E O
during O
the O
G1-S O
transition O

SYT-SSX O
gene O
fusion O
as O
a O
determinant O
of O
morphology O
and O
prognosis O
in O
synovial O
sarcoma O

A O
rapid O
molecular O
method O
( O
polymerase O
chain O
reaction O
with O
sequence-specific O
primers O
) O
to O
genotype O
for O
ABO O
blood O
group O
and O
secretor O
status O
and O
its O
potential O
for O
organ T
transplants T

A O
population-based O
registry O
on O
paraproteinaemia D
in O
The O
Netherlands O

Comprehensive O
Cancer O
Centre O
West O
, O
Leiden O
, O
The O
Netherlands O

Intra- O
and O
inter-individual O
biological O
variability O
data O
bank O

Genetic O
testing O
for O
cancer D
risk O
: O
how O
to O
reconcile O
the O
conflicts O

Run-in O
periods O
in O
randomized O
trials O
: O
implications O
for O
the O
application O
of O
results O
in O
clinical O
practice O

Rapid O
and O
ultrarapid O
opioid T
detoxification T
techniques O

Fulminant O
hepatitis T
associated O
with O
hepatitis T
A T
virus T
superinfection T
in O
patients O
with O
chronic O
hepatitis T
C T

The O
Overactive T
Bladder T
: O
From O
Basic O
Science O
to O
Clinical O
Management O
Consensus O
Conference O

Proceedings O

London O
, O
England O
, O
June O
29 O
, O
1997 O

Techniques O
for O
erbium T
: T
YAG T
laser T
skin T
resurfacing T
: O
initial O
pearls O
from O
the O
first O
100 O
patients O

Predicting O
changes O
in O
the O
distribution O
of O
sweating D
following O
thoracoscopic T
sympathectomy T
. O

The O
AACC O
Lectureship O
Award O
Address O

The O
market O
for O
health O
care O
: O
where O
is O
the O
patient O
? O

Human O
fetal O
pituitary O
expresses O
functional O
growth O
hormone-releasing O
peptide O
receptors O

The O
Bizarro O
world O
of O
osteodistraction T

A O
piece O
of O
my O
mind O

Leaders O
or O
lemmings O
? O

Sales O
of O
food O
aid O
as O
sign O
of O
distress O
, O
not O
excess O

Gastrointestinal O
absorption O
of O
metals O

Embryonic O
stem O
cells O
and O
hematopoietic O
stem O
cell O
biology O

Shark T
cartilage T
for O
cancer D
? O

The O
role O
of O
the O
school O
in O
the O
management O
of O
attention D
deficit D
hyperactivity D
disorder D

Photorepair O
mutants O
of O
Arabidopsis O

Toxic D
shock D
syndrome D
without O
rash D
in O
a O
young O
child O
: O
link O
with O
syndrome O
of O
hemorrhagic D
shock D
and O
encephalopathy D
? O

Mediastinal O
growing O
teratoma D
syndrome D

Structure O
and O
expression O
of O
the O
chicken O
calmodulin O
I O
gene O

Fibromyalgia D
-- O
out O
of O
control O
? O

Fibromyalgia D
: O
La O
Maladie O
est O
Morte O

Vive O
le O
Malade O
! O

Electron O
beam O
computed O
tomographic O
coronary O
calcium O
as O
a O
predictor O
of O
coronary O
events O
: O
comparison O
of O
two O
protocols O

The O
ethics O
of O
genetic O
research O
on O
sexual O
orientation O

Testicular T
sperm T
retrieval T
by T
percutaneous T
fine T
needle T
sperm T
aspiration T
compared O
with O
testicular T
sperm T
extraction T
by T
open T
biopsy T
in O
men O
with O
non-obstructive D
azoospermia D

Cyclin O
D1 O
overexpression O
in O
malignant D
lymphomas D

Patient O
safety O
and O
scented O
pediatric O
anesthesia O
facemasks O

Ion O
channels O

SHARPs O
: O
mammalian O
enhancer-of-split- O
and O
hairy-related O
proteins O
coupled O
to O
neuronal O
stimulation O

Complementary O
and O
alternative O
medicine O
: O
friend O
, O
foe O
, O
or O
OWA O
? O

Ondansetron T
is O
not O
a O
panacea O

Masking O
, O
blinding O
, O
and O
peer O
review O
: O
the O
blind O
leading O
the O
blinded O

Human O
cervico-facial O
morphogenesis O

Evaluation O
of O
acquired O
data O
and O
current O
outlook O

( O
Part O
1 O
: O
facial O
morphogenesis O
) O

The O
effect O
of O
TRK-530 T
on O
experimental O
arthritis D
in O
mice O

Spontaneous O
exfoliation O
of O
teeth O
following O
severe O
elemental O
mercury D
poisoning D
: O
case O
report O
and O
histological O
investigation O
for O
mechanism O

Small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
can O
express O
CD34 O
antigen O

X O
inactivation O
in O
females O
with O
X-linked D
disease D

Report O
of O
spores O
of O
Henneguya O
salminicola O
( O
Myxozoa O
) O
in O
human O
stool O
specimens O
: O
possible O
source O
of O
confusion O
with O
human O
spermatozoa O

Evaluation O
of O
a O
ventilation T
strategy T
to O
prevent O
barotrauma D
in O
patients O
at O
high O
risk O
for O
acute D
respiratory D
distress D
syndrome D

Pressure- O
and O
Volume-Limited O
Ventilation O
Strategy O
Group O

Audit O
commission O
tackles O
anaesthetic O
services O

Abdominal D
tuberculosis D
involving O
hepatic O
hilar O
lymph O
nodes O

A O
cause O
of O
portal D
vein D
thrombosis D
and O
portal D
hypertension D

Treatment O
of O
men O
with O
paraphilia D
with O
a O
long-acting O
analogue T
of T
gonadotropin-releasing T
hormone T

Analgesic D
nephropathy D

Translocations O
of O
11q13 O
in O
mantle D
cell D
lymphoma D
fail O
to O
disrupt O
the O
S O
mu O
bp-2 O
gene O

Variation O
in O
proficiency O
testing O
performance O
by O
testing O
site O

The T
`` T
H T
'' T
graft T
: O
an O
alternative O
approach O
for O
performing O
minimally O
invasive O
direct T
coronary T
artery T
bypass T

Effect O
of O
interferon T
on O
hepatitis D
B D
. O

Health O
insurance O
for O
children O
-- O
a O
model O
for O
incremental O
health O
reform O
? O

Distinction O
awards O
and O
racial O
discrimination O

Potential O
biases O
were O
not O
taken O
into O
account O
in O
study O
of O
waiting O
times O

Factors O
affecting O
uptake O
of O
antenatal O
HIV O
testing O
in O
London O
: O
results O
of O
a O
multicentre O
study O

Coronary O
arterioluminal O
communications O
in O
routine O
angiography O

Peptide O
nucleic O
acid O
( O
PNA O
) O
from O
DNA O
recognition O
to O
antisense O
and O
DNA O
structure O

Homeopathy T
for O
postoperative D
ileus D
? O
A O
meta-analysis O

Treatment O
of O
postmenopausal D
osteoporosis D

Fascioloidiasis D
in O
game-ranched O
elk O
from O
Montana O

Connexin-26 O
mutations O
in O
sporadic O
non-syndromal D
sensorineural D
deafness D

Lyme D
disease D
presenting O
as O
Tourette D
's D
syndrome D

The O
screening O
muddle O

Treatment O
of O
hypertensive O
patients O
with O
diabetes D

China O
's O
human-organ O
trade O
highlighted O
by O
US O
arrest O
of O
`` O
salesman O
'' O

Dimension O
in O
defining O
tumor D
response O

Administration O
of O
dexamethasone T
induces O
proteinuria D
of O
glomerular O
origin O
in O
mice O

Preoperative O
thromboxane O
A2/prostaglandin O
H2 O
receptor O
activity O
predicts O
early O
graft D
thrombosis D

Hypertension D
treatment O
and O
control O
in O
sub-Saharan O
Africa O
: O
the O
epidemiological O
basis O
for O
policy O

Needle-exchange O
programmes O
in O
the O
USA O

A O
discriminant O
function O
for O
preeclampsia D
: O
case-control O
study O
of O
minor O
hemoglobins O
, O
red O
cell O
enzymes O
, O
and O
clinical O
laboratory O
values O

Patterning O
of O
immobilized O
antibody O
layers O
via O
photolithography O
and O
oxygen O
plasma O
exposure O

A O
cell-based O
immunobiosensor O
with O
engineered O
molecular O
recognition O
-- O
Part O
II O
: O
Enzyme O
amplification O
systems O

Evanescent O
wave O
fibre O
optic O
sensor O
for O
detection O
of O
L. O
donovani O
specific O
antibodies O
in O
sera O
of O
kala O
azar O
patients O

Multianalyte O
biosensors O
on O
optical O
imaging O
bundles O

Specific O
binding O
of O
low O
molecular O
weight O
ligands O
with O
direct O
optical O
detection O

Amperometric O
lactate O
oxidase O
catheter O
for O
real-time O
lactate O
monitoring O
based O
on O
thin O
film O
technology O

Dual-fractal O
analysis O
for O
antigen O
-- O
antibody O
binding O
kinetics O
for O
biosensor O
applications O

Dipstick O
only O
urinalysis O
screen O
for O
the O
pediatric O
emergency O
room O

Cytoplasmic O
transport O
in O
Drosophila O
ovarian O
follicles O
: O
the O
migration O
of O
microinjected O
fluorescent O
probes O
through O
intercellular O
bridges O
depends O
neither O
on O
electrical O
charge O
nor O
on O
external O
osmolarity O

Further O
evidence O
for O
the O
importance O
of O
an O
androgen O
response O
element O
in O
the O
factor O
IX O
promoter O

The O
obstetric O
experience O
of O
carriers O
of O
haemophilia D

Acquired O
haemophilia D
, O
an O
unusual O
cause O
of O
severe O
postpartum D
haemorrhage D

Zoonotic O
and O
viral D
infection D
in O
fetal O
loss O
after O
12 O
weeks O

High-affinity O
binding O
of O
the O
neonatal O
Fc O
receptor O
to O
its O
IgG O
ligand O
requires O
receptor O
immobilization O

Molecular O
distances O
from O
dipolar O
coupled O
spin-labels O
: O
the O
global O
analysis O
of O
multifrequency O
continuous O
wave O
electron O
paramagnetic O
resonance O
data O

Computer O
science O
and O
biology O
-- O
the O
German O
Conference O
on O
Bioinformatics O
( O
GCB'96 O
) O

Surface O
plasmon O
resonance O
analysis O
of O
topoisomerase O
I-DNA O
binding O
: O
effect O
of O
Mg2+ O
and O
DNA O
sequence O

The O
1996 O
list O

Proposed O
new O
bacterial O
taxa O
and O
proposed O
changes O
of O
bacterial O
names O
published O
during O
1996 O
and O
considered O
to O
be O
of O
interest O
to O
medical O
or O
veterinary O
bacteriology O

An O
informational O
note O

The O
1995 O
list O

Proposed O
new O
bacterial O
taxa O
and O
proposed O
changes O
of O
bacterial O
names O
published O
during O
1995 O
and O
considered O
to O
be O
of O
interest O
to O
medical O
or O
veterinary O
bacteriology O

An O
informational O
note O

Biobehavioral O
pain D
research O
: O
a O
multi-institute O
assessment O
of O
cross-cutting O
issues O
and O
research O
needs O

Use O
of O
surface O
plasmon O
resonance O
to O
probe O
the O
equilibrium O
and O
dynamic O
aspects O
of O
interactions O
between O
biological O
macromolecules O

ABC O
of O
mental O
health O

Psychosexual D
problems D

Hazards O
of O
running O
a O
marathon O

Troponin-T O
concentrations O
should O
be O
measured O

Second O
Strang O
International O
Cancer O
Conference O
: O
genetics O
and O
the O
environment O
New O
York O
, O
USA O
, O
15-16 O
November O
1996 O

Use O
of O
a O
modified O
version O
of O
the O
Overt O
Aggression O
Scale O
in O
the O
measurement O
and O
assessment O
of O
aggressive O
behaviours O
following O
brain D
injury D

Ectopic D
pregnancy D
recurrence O
: O
role O
of O
gynecologic O
, O
obstetric O
, O
contraceptive O
and O
smoking O
history O

AIDS O
: O
a O
world O
, O
a O
desire O

Urogynaecology O
proceedings O
of O
the O
joint O
RCOG/BAUS O
urogynaecology O
meeting O

19 O
September O
1996 O

The O
naming O
of O
a O
syndrome O

The O
use O
of O
implantable O
venous O
access O
devices O
( O
IVADs O
) O
in O
children O
with O
hemophilia D

Nephrotic D
syndrome D
associated O
with O
hypocomplementemia D
in O
a O
4-year-old O
boy O
with O
hemophilia D
B D

Growth O
hormone O
secretion O
in O
HIV-positive O
versus O
HIV-negative O
hemophilic O
males O
with O
abnormal O
growth O
and O
pubertal O
development O

The O
Hemophilia O
Growth O
and O
Development O
Study O

Trends O
in O
HIV O
counseling O
and O
testing O
of O
clients O
attending O
a O
public O
sexually O
transmitted O
disease O
clinic O
in O
Portland O
, O
Oregon O
, O
1989-1995 O

Risk O
factors O
for O
HIV-1 D
infection D
among O
pregnant O
women O
in O
French O
Guiana O

Angiogenesis O
in O
inflammatory D
disease D

Epidemiology O
and O
association O
with O
extra-gastrointestinal D
diseases D

Extra-gastrointestinal D
diseases D
and O
Helicobacter O
pylori O

Update O
on O
Helicobacter O
pylori O
research O

Diagnosis O

Uptake O
on O
Helicobacter O
pylori O
research O

Pathogenesis O
and O
host O
response O

Update O
on O
Helicobacter O
pylori O
research O

Malignancies O

Update O
on O
Helicobacter O
pylori O
research O

Dyspepsia D

Update O
on O
Helicobacter O
pylori O
research O

Eradication O

Sequence O
analysis O
of O
the O
36-kb O
region O
between O
gntZ O
and O
trnY O
genes O
of O
Bacillus O
subtilis O
genome O

A O
review O
of O
interferon O
immunogenicity O

Based O
on O
a O
roundtable O
workshop O
held O
in O
London O
, O
United O
Kingdom O
, O
9 O
February O
1996 O

Histologic O
diagnosis O
of O
chronic D
hepatitis D
, O
grading O
and O
staging O

Inositol T
treatment O
of O
autism D

Current O
progress O
in O
early O
pregnancy O
investigation O

Truncated-gene O
reporter O
system O
for O
studying O
the O
regulation O
of O
manganese O
peroxidase O
expression O

Disparate O
sequence O
characteristics O
of O
the O
Erysiphe O
graminis O
f.sp O

hordei O
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate O
dehydrogenase O
gene O

The O
Integrative O
Neurobiology O
of O
Affiliation O

Proceedings O
of O
a O
conference O

Washington O
, O
DC O
, O
USA O

March O
14-17 O
, O
1996 O

Proceedings O
of O
the O
10th O
International O
Symposium O
on O
the O
Pharmacology O
of O
Thermoregulation O

Memphis O
, O
Tennessee O
, O
USA O

August O
17-22 O
, O
1996 O

Neuropeptides O
in O
Development O
and O
Aging O

Proceedings O
of O
a O
conference O

Breckenridge O
, O
Colorado O
, O
USA O

February O
3-6 O
, O
1996 O

Receptor O
Classification O
: O
The O
Integration O
of O
Operational O
, O
Structural O
, O
and O
Transductional O
Information O

Proceedings O
of O
a O
conference O

Verona O
, O
Italy O
, O
September O
21-22 O
, O
1995 O

Psychobiology O
of O
Postraumatic D
Stress D
Disorder D

Proceedings O
of O
a O
conference O

New O
York O
, O
New O
York O
, O
USA O

September O
7-10 O
, O
1996 O

Adolescent O
Gynecology O
and O
Endocrinology O
: O
Basic O
and O
Clinical O
Aspects O

Proceedings O
of O
the O
3rd O
International O
Congress O

Athens O
, O
Greece O
, O
December O
6-9 O
, O
1995 O

Proceedings O
of O
the O
3rd O
International O
Conference O
on O
Neuroprotective O
Agents O
: O
Clinical O
and O
Experimental O
Aspects O

Lake O
Como O
, O
Italy O
, O
September O
9-12 O
, O
1996 O

Exon/intron O
structure O
of O
the O
human O
AF-4 O
gene O
, O
a O
member O
of O
the O
AF-4/LAF-4/FMR-2 O
gene O
family O
coding O
for O
a O
nuclear O
protein O
with O
structural O
alterations O
in O
acute O
leukaemia D

Cloning O
and O
characterization O
of O
a O
neural O
cell O
recognition O
molecule O
on O
axons O
of O
the O
retinotectal O
system O
and O
spinal O
cord O

Identification O
, O
localization O
, O
and O
expression O
of O
two O
novel O
human O
genes O
similar O
to O
deoxyribonuclease O
I O
. O

Drug O
resistance O
during O
indinavir T
therapy T
is O
caused O
by O
mutations O
in O
the O
protease O
gene O
and O
in O
its O
Gag O
substrate O
cleavage O
sites O

A O
protein O
with O
a O
novel O
calcium-binding O
domain O
associated O
with O
calcareous O
corpuscles O
in O
Echinococcus D
granulosus D

Oncogenic O
raf-1 O
induces O
the O
expression O
of O
non-histone O
chromosomal O
architectural O
protein O
HMGI-C O
via O
a O
p44/p42 O
mitogen-activated O
protein O
kinase-dependent O
pathway O
in O
salivary O
epithelial O
cells O

Pendred D
syndrome D
is O
caused O
by O
mutations O
in O
a O
putative O
sulphate O
transporter O
gene O
( O
PDS O
) O

Meis2 O
, O
a O
novel O
mouse O
Pbx-related O
homeobox O
gene O
induced O
by O
retinoic O
acid O
during O
differentiation O
of O
P19 O
embryonal O
carcinoma O
cells O

Proceedings O
of O
the O
VIIIth O
International O
Conference O
on O
the O
Na/K-ATPase O
and O
Related O
Transport O
ATPases O

Mar O
del O
Plata O
, O
Argentina O
, O
August O
26-30 O
, O
1996 O

Targeted O
development O
of O
microsatellite O
markers O
from O
the O
defined O
region O
of O
bovine O
chromosome O
6q21-31 O

Genetic O
population O
structure O
in O
the O
yellow O
mongoose O
, O
Cynictis O
penicillata O

ETTIN O
patterns O
the O
Arabidopsis O
floral O
meristem O
and O
reproductive O
organs O

Ancient O
DNA O
from O
amber O
fossil O
bees O
? O

The O
histone O
H1 O
genes O
of O
the O
dipteran O
insect O
, O
Chironomus O
thummi O
, O
fall O
under O
two O
divergent O
classes O
and O
encode O
proteins O
with O
distinct O
intranuclear O
distribution O
and O
potentially O
different O
functions O

Characterization O
of O
the O
orf31-petG O
gene O
cluster O
from O
the O
plastid O
genome O
of O
Populus O
deltoides O

Xenopus O
Pax-2 O
displays O
multiple O
splice O
forms O
during O
embryogenesis O
and O
pronephric O
kidney O
development O

International O
Workshop O
on O
Bone O
Research O
in O
Space O

Tokyo O
, O
Japan O
, O
November O
11-13 O
, O
1996 O

Proceedings O

Joint O
meeting O
of O
the O
Benelux O
Society O
for O
Microcirculation O
and O
the O
Gesellschaft O
fÃ1/4r O
Mikrozirkulation O
e.V O

Mainz O
, O
Germany O
, O
October O
23-25 O
, O
1997 O

Abstracts O

3rd O
Congress O
of O
the O
French O
Society O
of O
Blood T
Transfusion T

Marseille O
, O
France O
, O
28-30 O
April O
1998 O

Central O
and O
East O
European O
Regional O
INTERASMA O
Conference O

Budapest O
, O
Hungary O
, O
August O
24-27 O
, O
1997 O

Summary O
of O
symposium O
, O
antisense O
oligonucleotides O
: O
strategies O
and O
successes O

Sarasota O
, O
Florida O
, O
USA O

April O
21 O
, O
1995 O

International O
forensic O
science O
and O
justice O

Proceedings O
of O
the O
6th O
Congress O
of O
the O
Socià O
( O
c O
) O
tà O
( O
c O
) O
de O
Pharmaco-Toxicologie O
Cellulaire O
and O
the O
Socià O
( O
c O
) O
tà O
( O
c O
) O
Française O
de O
Toxicologie O
GÃ O
( O
c O
) O
nà O
( O
c O
) O
tique O

Paris O
, O
France O
, O
March O
6-7 O
, O
1997 O

The O
Italian O
Association O
for O
the O
Study O
of O
Glaucoma D

Proceedings O
of O
the O
12th O
annual O
general O
meeting O

Rapallo O
, O
Italy O
, O
14-15 O
March O
1997 O

Report O
of O
the O
61st O
National O
Scientific O
Meeting O
of O
the O
American O
College O
of O
Rheumatology O
, O
Washington O
DC O
, O
8-12 O
November O
1997 O

Topical O
dictionary O

USAN O
Council O

List O
No O

404 O

New O
names O

Nagrestipen O

Proposed O
genetic O
nomenclature O
rules O
for O
Tetrahymena O
thermophila O
, O
Paramecium O
primaurelia O
and O
Paramecium O
tetraurelia O

The O
Seventh O
International O
Meeting O
on O
Ciliate O
Molecular O
Biology O
Genetics O
Nomenclature O

Joint O
annual O
session O
of O
the O
North O
German O
Society O
of O
Radiology O
and O
the O
Radiology O
Society O
of O
Lower O
Saxony O
and O
Sachsen O
Anhalt O

Kiel O
, O
20-21 O
February O
1998 O

Abstracts O

Neurone O
development O
and O
death O
, O
from O
a O
cell O
biologist O
's O
perspective O

3rd O
Neurotrauma/Polytrauma O
Symposium O

Cologne O
, O
Germany O
, O
March O
14-15 O
, O
1998 O

Abstracts O

Neuroimmunomodulation O
: O
Molecular O
Aspects O
, O
Integrative O
Systems O
, O
and O
Clinical O
Advances O

Proceedings O
of O
the O
3rd O
Congress O
of O
the O
International O
Society O
of O
NeuroImmunoModulation O
( O
ISNIM O
) O

Bethesda O
, O
Maryland O
, O
USA O

November O
13-15 O
, O
1996 O

8th O
European O
Meeting O
on O
Dysmorphology O

Strasbourg O
, O
France O
, O
3-6 O
September O
1997 O

Abstracts O

EU O
Working O
Group O
on O
Tobacco O
and O
Oral O
Health O
Consensus O
Meeting O

Copenhagen O
, O
23-26 O
October O
1997 O

Abstracts O

Presentations O
from O
the O
2nd O
NIH O
Symposium O
on O
Therapeutic O
Oligonucleotides O
: O
Targeting O
Transcription O
Factors O
and O
Signaling O
Pathways O

Bethesda O
, O
Maryland O
, O
USA O

December O
5 O
, O
1997 O

Infectious D
diseases D
: O
their O
impact O
on O
dentistry O

What O
's O
new O
in O
protein O
folding O
? O
EMBO O
workshop O
: O
protein O
folding O
and O
misfolding O
inside O
and O
outside O
the O
cell O

Meeting O
of O
the O
European O
forum O
of O
nurses O

17th O
European O
Workshop O
on O
the O
Cell O
Biology O
of O
Phagocytes O

Catania O
, O
Italy O
, O
May O
27-31 O
, O
1998 O

Abstracts O

Onset O
of O
the O
preovulatory O
luteinizing O
hormone O
surge O
: O
diurnal O
timing O
and O
critical O
follicular O
prerequisites O

Municipal O
animal O
control O
ordinances O
-- O
some O
legal O
issues O

Psychosexual O
care O
in O
a O
multi-ethnic O
society O

Serologic O
evidence O
for O
mother-to-child O
transmission O
of O
Kaposi D
sarcoma-associated D
herpesvirus D
infection D

Brandon/Hill O
selected O
list O
of O
nursing O
books O
and O
journals O

Retraction O

The O
TSG101 O
tumor O
susceptibility O
gene O
is O
located O
in O
chromosome O
11 O
band O
p15 O
and O
is O
mutated O
in O
human O
breast D
cancer D

An O
omission O

Indoor O
pollution O
and O
health O

Dioxins O
: O
current O
knowledge O
about O
health O
effects O

Influence O
of O
environmental O
factors O
on O
fertility O
: O
example O
of O
the O
diminution O
of O
sperm O
quality O

New O
developments O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
diabetes D
and O
hyperlipidemias D

Role O
of O
beta-blockers T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
cardiac D
insufficiency D

Which O
calcium T
antagonists T
for O
hypertension D
? O

Correct O
use O
of O
serotonin T
agonists T
in O
migraine D
: O
oral O
or O
injectable O
form O
? O

Overtraining O
and O
recovery O

A O
conceptual O
model O

Saliva O
composition O
and O
exercise O

Lipid O
metabolism O
during O
exercise O

Golf D
injuries D

An O
overview O

Prevention O
of O
ankle D
injuries D

Academic O
medicine O
-- O
alternative O
medicine O
from O
the O
viewpoint O
of O
public O
health O
public O
health O
directors O

Academic O
medicine O
and O
complementary O
medicine O
-- O
campaign O
for O
the O
truth O
in O
medical O
theories O

The O
academic O
medicine O
-- O
alternative O
medicine O
tension O
field O

Are O
academic O
medicine-alternative O
medicine O
incompatible O
, O
compatible O
, O
complementary O
? O

Research O
in O
complementary O
medicine O
: O
results O
and O
problems O

Subcutaneous D
hematomas D
, O
reduced O
Quick O
value O

Factor D
VII D
deficiency D

Mononucleosis D
infectiosa D
( O
Epstein-Barr D
virus D
infection D

Morphology O
and O
molecular O
biology O
of O
malignant O
soft D
tissue D
sarcomas D

Surgical O
aspects O
in O
the O
multidisciplinary O
treatment O
of O
soft D
tissue D
sarcomas D

Surgical T
management T
of O
soft D
tissue D
sarcomas D
: O
principles O
of O
resection T
and O
reconstructive O
plastic O
procedures O

Adjuvant T
chemotherapy T
in O
early O
soft D
tissue D
sarcoma D
and O
palliative T
chemotherapy T
in O
advanced O
soft D
tissue D
sarcoma D
in O
adults O

Radiotherapy T
of O
soft D
tissue D
sarcomas D

Spinal D
muscular D
atrophy D
: O
where O
are O
we O
in O
1998 O
? O

Diseases O
transmitted O
by O
non-conventional O
agents O
( O
`` O
prions O
'' O
) O
: O
nosology O
and O
diagnosis O

A O
note O
on O
the O
epidemiology O
of O
Creutzfeldt-Jakob D
syndrome D

Biology O
of O
non-conventional O
transmissible O
agents O
or O
prions O

Cerebral D
hemosiderosis D
related O
to O
hereditary O
ceruloplasmin D
deficiency D

Clinical O
familial O
case O
study O

Intramedullary O
metastases O
of O
bronchogenic D
carcinoma D

Two O
cases O

Nervous D
system D
borreliosis D
with O
pseudo-lymphoma O
cells O
in O
cerebrospinal O
fluid O

Epidural O
and O
intramedullary O
abscess O
of O
acute O
onset O

Cranial D
nerve D
injuries D
during O
multifocal O
neuropathies O
with O
persistent O
conduction O
blocks O

Cytokines O
and O
peripheral O
neuropathies O

Clinical O
diagnosis O
of O
frontotemporal D
dementia D

Study O
of O
cortical D
atrophy D
with O
magnetic O
resonance O
imaging O
in O
corticobasal D
degeneration D

Autosomal O
dominant O
nocturnal O
frontal O
lobe O
epilepsy D

Eosinophilic D
meningitis D
due O
to O
Angiostrongylus O
cantonensis O

Case O
of O
superficial D
hemosiderosis D
of D
the D
central D
nervous D
system D
treated O
with O
trientine T

Germinal D
tumor D
metastases D

Case O
report O

Bradycardia D
: O
an O
unrecognized O
complication O
of O
some O
epileptic O
crises O

Facial D
palsy O
relevant O
to O
HIV O
seropositivity O

Pneumosinus O
dilatans O
: O
a O
little-known O
diagnostic O
tool O

Current O
status O
of O
mitochondrial D
diseases D

Vascular D
Parkinson D
syndromes D
: O
a O
controversial O
concept O

Epilepsy D
and O
psychiatric D
disorders D
: O
epidemiological O
data O

Auditory D
perception D
disorders D
due O
to O
bilateral D
cortical D
lesions D

An O
electrophysiology O
study O

Zinc T
gluconate T
lozenges T
for O
treating O
the O
common D
cold D

Body O
weight O
and O
mortality O
among O
women O

Survey O
and O
assessment O
of O
the O
actual O
state O
of O
routine O
measurement O
of O
glycohaemoglobin/GHb O
by O
commercial O
methods O
: O
warning O
to O
the O
users O
and O
the O
providers O

The O
radiological O
investigation O
of O
suspected O
lower O
limb O
deep D
vein D
thrombosis D

p53 O
mutations O
in O
BRCA1-associated O
familial O
breast D
cancer D

Metronidazole T
( O
Flagyl O
) O

The O
Preterm O
Prediction O
Study O
: O
association O
of O
cesarean T
delivery T
with O
increases O
in O
maternal O
weight O
and O
body O
mass O
index O

Controversies O
in O
hydrating O
the O
terminally O
ill O
patient O

Frequency O
and O
significance O
of O
antinuclear O
antibodies O
in O
multiple D
sclerosis D

Magnetic O
resonance O
imaging O
of O
the O
bone O
marrow O
in O
hematologic D
malignancies D

Generation O
of O
diversity O
in O
mammalian O
gut-associated O
lymphoid O
tissues O
: O
restricted O
V O
gene O
usage O
does O
not O
preclude O
complex O
V O
gene O
organization O

A O
major O
non-LTR O
retrotransposon O
of O
Bombyx O
mori O
, O
L1Bm O

Algae O
or O
protozoa O
: O
phylogenetic O
position O
of O
euglenophytes O
and O
dinoflagellates O
as O
inferred O
from O
mitochondrial O
sequences O

Structure O
and O
function O
of O
the O
long O
terminal O
repeats O
of O
feline O
leukemia O
viruses O
derived O
from O
naturally O
occurring O
acute D
myeloid D
leukemias D
in O
cats O

Use O
of O
protein-C T
concentrate T
, T
heparin T
, T
and T
haemodiafiltration T
in O
meningococcus-induced D
purpura D
fulminans D

Satellite O
DNA O
repeat O
sequence O
variation O
is O
low O
in O
three O
species O
of O
burying O
beetles O
in O
the O
genus O
Nicrophorus O
( O
Coleoptera O
: O
Silphidae O
) O

The O
importance O
of O
patient O
registration O
and O
processing O

Dose-dependent O
effects O
of O
recombinant O
human O
interleukin-6 O
on O
glucose O
regulation O

Genomic O
sequence O
of O
a O
Lyme D
disease D
spirochaete O
, O
Borrelia O
burgdorferi O

Interaction O
between O
electronic O
article O
surveillance O
systems O
and O
implantable O
defibrillators O
: O
insights O
from O
a O
fourth O
generation O
ICD O

Human O
bodily O
health O
and O
the O
common O
good O

Proposals O
for O
action O
by O
individuals O
and O
the O
Catholic O
Church O

Invited O
commentary O
: O
le O
mystère O
de O
Montrà O
( O
c O
) O
al O
. O

Why O
Oedipus O
and O
not O
Christ O
? O
: O
a O
psychoanalytic O
inquiry O
into O
innocence O
, O
human O
sacrifice O
, O
and O
the O
sacred O
-- O
Part O
I O
: O
Innocence O
, O
spirituality O
, O
and O
human O
sacrifice O

Equine O
dinucleotide O
repeat O
loci O
LEX049-LEX063 O

Molecular O
systematics O
of O
tanagers O
( O
Thraupinae O
) O
: O
evolution O
and O
biogeography O
of O
a O
diverse O
radiation O
of O
neotropical O
birds O

Expression O
of O
cytokeratin O
20 O
in O
urinary O
cytology O
of O
patients O
with O
bladder D
carcinoma D

A O
family O
of O
highly O
repetitive O
DNAs O
from O
`` O
ginbuna O
'' O
( O
Carassius O
auratus O
langsdorfi O
) O
genome O
common O
to O
Carassius O
auratus O
populations O

Characterization O
of O
cDNA O
clones O
in O
size-fractionated O
cDNA O
libraries O
from O
human O
brain O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Respiratory O
arrest O
following O
peribulbar O
anesthesia O
for O
cataract O
surgery O
: O
case O
report O
and O
review O
of O
the O
literature O

Mouse O
LIM-kinase O
2 O
gene O
: O
cDNA O
cloning O
, O
genomic O
organization O
, O
and O
tissue-specific O
expression O
of O
two O
alternatively O
initiated O
transcripts O

A O
gross O
and O
microscopic O
study O
of O
cerebral D
injuries D
accompanying O
maxillofacial O
high-velocity O
projectile D
wounding D
in O
dogs O

Does O
this O
patient O
have O
a O
mole O
or O
a O
melanoma D
? O

Methotrexate T
and O
trimethoprim T
: O
a O
fatal O
interaction O

Pellagra D
and O
the O
origin O
of O
a O
myth O
: O
evidence O
from O
European O
literature O
and O
folklore O

Absorbable T
suture T
technique T
: O
solution O
to O
the O
growth O
problem O
in O
pediatric O
pacing O
with O
endocardial O
leads O

Undergraduate O
orthodontic O
education O
: O
what O
should O
we O
teach O
rather O
than O
what O
can O
we O
teach O
? O

Genetic O
variation O
in O
the O
dimorphic O
regions O
of O
RAP-1 O
genes O
and O
rap-1 O
loci O
of O
Babesia D
bigemina D

History O
-- O
a O
living O
museum O

Interview O
by O
Grethe O
Kjaergaard O

Gastric O
site O
of O
epidermoid D
carcinoma D

Hypodermic O
needles O
in O
the O
neuropathic O
foot O
of O
a O
patient O
with O
diabetes D

Helicobacter O
pylori O
-- O
more O
light O
, O
less O
heat O

A O
national O
survey O
of O
physician-assisted O
suicide O
and O
euthanasia O
in O
the O
United O
States O

Death O
is O
a O
journey O
to O
be O
undertaken O

Replicated O
declines O
in O
assault O
rates O
after O
implementation O
of O
the O
Assaulted O
Staff O
Action O
Program O

Positive O
patch O
test O
to O
cocamidopropyl O
betaine O
in O
a O
hairdresser O

Management O
of O
dyslipidemia D
in O
adults O
with O
diabetes D

American O
Diabetes O
Association O

Acute D
diverticulitis D

Investigation O
of O
the O
yeast O
mitochondrial O
unselective O
channel O
in O
intact O
and O
permeabilized O
spheroplasts O

Acute D
sciatica D
with O
an O
infective O
cause O

An O
ecologic O
analysis O
of O
psychosocial D
stress D
and O
heart D
disease D
in O
British O
Columbia O

Human O
leukocyte O
antigen O
frequencies O
in O
a O
selected O
group O
of O
Lebanese O
Greek O
Orthodox O

Alcohol O
and O
the O
heart O

Spontaneous D
ovarian D
hyperstimulation D
syndrome D
with O
pregnancy O

Will O
the O
real O
plastic O
surgeon O
please O
stand O
up O
? O

Modulation O
of O
ultraviolet O
light-induced O
epidermal D
damage D
: O
beneficial O
effects O
of O
tocopherol T

A O
survey O
of O
the O
attitudes O
of O
chronic O
psychiatric O
patients O
living O
in O
the O
community O
toward O
their O
medication O

Alterations O
in O
the O
developing O
immune O
system O
of O
the O
F344 O
rat O
after O
perinatal O
exposure O
to O
2 O
, O
3 O
, O
7 O
, O
8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin O
: O
II O

Effects O
on O
the O
pup O
and O
the O
adult O

Renal O
ultrasonography O
: O
a O
procedure O
for O
nephrologists O

Use O
of O
cisapride T
in O
treatment O
of O
constipation D
in O
children O

Bilateral O
sampling O
of O
the O
internal O
jugular O
vein O
to O
distinguish O
between O
mechanisms O
of O
adrenocorticotropic O
hormone-dependent O
Cushing D
syndrome D

The O
influence O
of O
patients O
' O
hopes O
of O
receiving O
a O
prescription O
on O
doctors O
' O
perceptions O
and O
the O
decision O
to O
prescribe O
: O
a O
questionnaire O
survey O

Coronary D
endothelial D
dysfunction D
in O
humans O
is O
associated O
with O
myocardial D
perfusion D
defects D

Medical O
devices O
and O
the O
year O
2000 O
problem O

Internists O
' O
and O
surgeons O
' O
attitudes O
toward O
guns O
and O
firearm O
injury O
prevention O

Firearm O
injury O
prevention O

American O
College O
of O
Physicians O

Management O
of O
vaginal D
vault D
prolapse D

Death O
rates O
of O
characters O
in O
soap O
operas O
on O
British O
television O
: O
is O
a O
government O
health O
warning O
required O
? O

Child O
sexual O
abuse O
: O
when O
a O
doctor O
's O
duty O
to O
report O
abuse O
conflicts O
with O
a O
duty O
of O
confidentiality O
to O
the O
victim O

Tissue O
adhesives O
-- O
revisited O

Racial O
discrimination O
in O
the O
allocation O
of O
distinction O
awards O
? O
Analysis O
of O
list O
of O
award O
holders O
by O
type O
of O
award O
, O
specialty O
and O
region O

Multicenter O
study O
of O
surfactant T
( T
beractant T
) T
use O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
term O
infants O
with O
severe D
respiratory D
failure D

Survanta O
in O
Term O
Infants O
Study O
Group O

Consultation O
section O

Cataract D
surgical O
problem O

Changing O
the O
law O
on O
decision O
making O
for O
mentally O
incapacitated O
adults O

The O
coding O
audit O

Providing O
primary O
care O
in O
the O
accident O
and O
emergency O
department O

Challenges O
to O
Native O
American O
health O
care O

Federal O
programs O
and O
Indian O
country O
: O
a O
time O
for O
reinvention O

Chicago O
report O
profiles O

Big O
city O
health O

College-age O
drinking O
problems O

Using O
YPLL O
in O
health O
planning O

WHO O
decides O
: O
food O
irradiation O
safe O
at O
any O
level O

Genetic O
sampling O
: O
big O
brother O
or O
big O
science O
? O

Physician O
assistants O
and O
nurse O
practitioners O
in O
hospital O
outpatient O
departments O
, O
1993-1994 O

Laying O
the O
foundation O
for O
Healthy O
People O
2010 O

The O
first O
year O
of O
consultation O

The O
veracious O
etiology O
of O
ectopic D
pregnancy D

Is O
dietary O
fat O
a O
major O
determinant O
of O
body O
fat O
? O

Factors O
involved O
in O
the O
rate O
of O
fall O
of O
thyroid O
stimulating O
hormone O
in O
treated O
hypothyroidism D

Case O
complexity O

Imaging O
pulmonary D
embolism D

Early O
inpatient O
rehabilitation O
after O
elective O
hip O
and O
knee O
arthroplasty T

Inpatient O
rehabilitation O
after O
total O
joint T
replacement T

Delayed O
healing O
of O
rhytidectomy T
flap O
resurfaced O
with O
CO2 O
laser O

The O
SAPHO D
syndrome D
: O
an O
evolving O
concept O
for O
unifying O
several O
idiopathic O
disorders O
of O
bone O
and O
skin O

Beverage O
use O
and O
risk O
for O
kidney D
stones D
in O
women O

Use O
of O
a O
Foley O
catheter O
in O
the O
removal O
of O
a O
substernal D
goiter D

Early O
identification O
of O
variant O
Creutzfeldt-Jakob D
disease D

Slater O
revisited O
: O
6 O
year O
follow O
up O
study O
of O
patients O
with O
medically O
unexplained O
motor D
symptoms D

Re O
: O
Intermediate O
term O
assessment O
of O
the O
reliability O
, O
function O
and O
patient O
satisfaction O
with O
the O
AMS700 O
ultrex O
penile O
prosthesis O

Reduced O
ratio O
of O
male O
to O
female O
births O
in O
several O
industrial O
countries O
: O
a O
sentinel O
health O
indicator O
? O

Should O
we O
accept O
mediocrity O
? O

Resolution O
of O
recalcitrant D
molluscum D
contagiosum D
virus D
lesions D
in O
human O
immunodeficiency O
virus-infected O
patients O
treated O
with O
cidofovir T

Colonoscopic O
removal O
of O
chicken O
bones O
impacted O
in O
the O
sigmoid O
in O
two O
patients O

`` O
Pull O
'' O
or O
`` O
push O
'' O
PEG O
: O
the O
reinsertion O
of O
the O
gastroscope O
is O
often O
unnecessary O

Clear D
cell D
papulosis D
: O
case O
report O
and O
literature O
review O

Malignant D
melanoma D
in O
situ O
: O
an O
oxymoron O
whose O
time O
has O
come O

External T
beam T
radiation T
therapy T
for O
choroidal D
neovascularization D

Somatic O
mesoderm O
differentiation O
and O
the O
development O
of O
a O
subset O
of O
pericardial O
cells O
depend O
on O
the O
not O
enough O
muscles O
( O
nem O
) O
locus O
, O
which O
contains O
the O
inscuteable O
gene O
and O
the O
intron O
located O
gene O
, O
skittles O

Hemodynamic O
effects O
of O
acute O
tetrandrine O
and O
terlipressin O
administration O
on O
portal O
hypertensive O
rats O

Nonneoplastic D
disorders D
of D
the D
eccrine D
glands D

Cerebrospinal O
fluid O
and O
plasma O
insulin O
levels O
in O
Alzheimer D
's D
disease D
: O
relationship O
to O
severity O
of O
dementia D
and O
apolipoprotein O
E O
genotype O

Isolated O
internal D
ophthalmoplegia D
associated O
with O
IgG O
anti-GQ1b O
antibody O

Bolus T
thrombolytic T
infusions T
during O
CPR O
for O
patients O
with O
refractory D
arrest D
rhythms D
: O
outcome O
of O
a O
case O
series O

Enthesopathy D
in O
a O
case O
of O
primary D
biliary D
cirrhosis D
with O
positive O
HLA-B27 O

Remifentanil T
in O
the O
critically O
ill O

Hyponatremia D
with O
venlafaxine T
. O

Use O
of O
a O
nerve T
stimulator T
for O
phrenic D
nerve D
block D
in O
treatment O
of O
hiccups D

Anaesthesia O
for O
laparoscopic T
cholecystectomy T
in O
a O
patient O
with O
Eisenmenger D
's D
syndrome D

Micronutrients T
and O
human O
cancer D
risks D
-- O
prospects O
for O
prevention O

Joint O
International O
Symposium O
of O
the O
Danish O
Cancer O
Society O
, O
European O
Cancer O
Prevention O
Organization O
and O
National O
Food O
Agency O
of O
Denmark O

Aarhus O
, O
Denmark O
, O
21-24 O
May O
1997 O

Abstracts O

Vitamin O
K2 O
and O
serum O
cholesterol O
in O
patients O
on O
continuous O
ambulatory O
peritoneal T
dialysis T

Income O
inequality O
and O
population O
health O

Naloxone T
-precipitated O
acute D
opioid D
withdrawal D
syndrome D
after O
epidural T
morphine T

Idiopathic D
atrial D
flutter D

Munchausen D
's D
syndrome D

Clinical O
evaluation O
of O
adjuvant T
chemoradiotherapy T
with T
CDDP T
, T
5-FU T
, T
and T
VP-16 T
for O
advanced D
esophageal D
cancer D

New T
drug T
treatment T
for O
Alzheimer D
's D
disease D
: O
lessons O
for O
healthcare O
policy O

Development O
of O
neurosurgery T
in O
Greece O
: O
past O
, O
present O
, O
and O
future O

Intravascular-catheter-related D
infections D

The O
effect O
of O
a O
social O
support O
boosting O
intervention O
on O
stress O
, O
coping O
, O
and O
social O
support O
in O
caregivers O
of O
children O
with O
HIV/AIDS D

Point-counterpoint O

Mass O
population O
skin D
cancer D
screening O
is O
not O
worthwhile O

Persons O
successful O
at O
long-term O
weight O
loss O
and O
maintenance O
continue O
to O
consume O
a O
low-energy O
, O
low-fat O
diet O

Ultrasound O
measurements O
of O
the O
newborn O
hip O

Comparison O
of O
two O
methods O
in O
657 O
newborns O

Inferences O
from O
symphysiotomy T
experience O

1995 O
coronary T
artery T
bypass T
risk O
model O
: O
The O
Society O
of O
Thoracic O
Surgeons O
Adult O
Cardiac O
National O
Database O

Informed O
consent O
: O
edging O
forwards O
( O
and O
backwards O
) O

Online O
medical O
surveys O
: O
using O
the O
Internet O
as O
a O
research O
tool O

US-guided O
puncture O
of O
the O
internal O
jugular O
vein O
: O
complications O
and O
anatomic O
considerations O

Mouth O
care O
and O
skin O
care O
in O
palliative O
medicine O

Simple O
antiseptic T
mouthwashes T
are O
best O
for O
infection D

The O
effect O
of O
melatonin O
administration O
on O
ethanol-induced O
lipid O
peroxidation O
in O
rats O

A O
comparison O
of O
aspirin T
plus T
tirofiban T
with O
aspirin T
plus T
heparin T
for O
unstable D
angina D

Platelet O
Receptor O
Inhibition O
in O
Ischemic O
Syndrome O
Management O
( O
PRISM O
) O
Study O
Investigators O

Mike O
Grace O
talks O
to O
Mike O
Joy O

Interview O
by O
Mike O
Grace O

Multivalent O
cations O
depress O
ligand O
affinity O
of O
insulin-like O
growth O
factor-binding O
proteins-3 O
and O
-5 O
on O
human O
GM-10 O
fibroblast O
cell O
surfaces O

Effect O
of O
continuous O
spinal O
remifentanil O
infusion O
on O
behaviour O
and O
spinal O
glutamate O
release O
evoked O
by O
subcutaneous O
formalin O
in O
the O
rat O

How O
long O
should O
suction O
drains O
stay O
in O
after O
breast T
surgery T
with O
axillary T
dissection T
? O

Physicians O
disciplined O
for O
sex-related O
offenses O

Something O
from O
nothing O
: O
the O
evolution O
and O
utility O
of O
satellite O
repeats O

Sudden O
death O
in O
young O
athletes O
: O
screening O
for O
the O
needle O
in O
a O
haystack O

Chemotherapy T
alone T
compared O
with O
chemotherapy T
plus T
radiotherapy T
for O
localized O
intermediate- O
and O
high-grade O
non-Hodgkin D
's D
lymphoma D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Prevention O
of O
a O
first O
stroke D
by O
transfusions T
in O
children O
with O
sickle O
cell O
anemia O
and O
abnormal O
results O
on O
transcranial O
Doppler O
ultrasonography O

HIV T
vaccines T
: O
prospects O
and O
challenges O

Occupation O
: O
the O
keystone O
of O
a O
curriculum O
for O
a O
self-defined O
profession O

Touch O
sensibility O
in O
the O
breast O
after O
subcutaneous T
mastectomy T
and O
immediate O
reconstruction O
with O
a O
prosthesis O

Iatrogenic T
ruptures T
of O
the O
tracheobronchial O
tree O

Endoscopic T
hemostasis T
of O
bleeding D
duodenal D
ulcer D
in O
a O
child O
with O
Henoch-Schönlein D
purpura D

Classification O
of O
primary O
gastric D
lymphomas D
according O
to O
histologic O
features O

SCIM O
-- O
spinal O
cord O
independence O
measure O
: O
a O
new O
disability O
scale O
for O
patients O
with O
spinal D
cord D
lesions D

Molecular O
analysis O
of O
cellulose O
biosynthesis O
in O
Arabidopsis O

Users O
' O
guides O
to O
the O
medical O
literature O
: O
XIV O

How O
to O
decide O
on O
the O
applicability O
of O
clinical O
trial O
results O
to O
your O
patient O

Evidence-Based O
Medicine O
Working O
Group O

Hemispheric O
difference O
in O
human O
skin O
color O

Limitations O
of O
diagnostic O
criteria O
and O
assessment O
instruments O
for O
mental D
disorders D

Implications O
for O
research O
and O
policy O

Causing O
death O
or O
allowing O
to O
die O
? O
Developments O
in O
the O
law O

Albumin O
synthesis O
rates O
are O
not O
decreased O
in O
hypoalbuminemic D
cachectic D
cancer D
patients O
with O
an O
ongoing O
acute-phase O
protein O
response O

Brain-gut O
axis O
in O
health O
and O
disease O

Pins O
and O
Rubbers O
Traction O
System O

A O
specialist O
nurse O
can O
replace O
pre-registration O
house O
officers O
in O
the O
surgical O
pre-admission O
clinic O

Voluntary O
death O
: O
a O
comparison O
of O
terminal O
dehydration D
and O
physician-assisted O
suicide O

Ionized O
magnesium O
in O
serum O
and O
ultrafiltrate O
: O
pH O
and O
bicarbonate O
effect O
on O
measurements O
with O
the O
AVL O
988-4 O
electrolyte O
analyzer O

Anterior D
glenohumeral D
dislocations D
: O
what O
to O
do O
and O
how O
to O
do O
it O

Relationship O
between O
topotecan T
systemic O
exposure O
and O
tumor O
response O
in O
human O
neuroblastoma D
xenografts D

Cerebral D
infarct D
following O
central T
venous T
cannulation T

The O
Gram O
stain O

Heavy O
caffeine O
intake O
in O
pregnancy O
and O
sudden D
infant D
death D
syndrome D

New O
Zealand O
Cot O
Death O
Study O
Group O

When O
can O
odds O
ratios O
mislead O
? O

Treatment O
of O
renal D
failure D
in O
idiopathic D
membranous D
nephropathy D
with O
azathioprine T
and T
prednisolone T

Enzyme O
structure O
with O
two O
catalytic O
sites O
for O
double-sieve O
selection O
of O
substrate O

Role O
of O
the O
ketogenic T
diet T
in O
children O
with O
intractable D
seizures D
. O

Building-associated O
pulmonary D
disease D
from O
exposure O
to O
Stachybotrys O
chartarum O
and O
Aspergillus O
versicolor O

Interleukin-8 O
participates O
in O
angiogenesis O
in O
non-small O
cell O
, O
but O
not O
small O
cell O
carcinoma D
of O
the O
lung O

Antenatal T
indomethacin T
-- O
adverse O
fetal O
effects O
confirmed O

Evaluation O
of O
the O
microparticle O
enzyme O
immunoassay O
Abbott O
IMx O
Select O
Chlamydia O
and O
the O
importance O
of O
urethral O
site O
sampling O
to O
detect O
Chlamydia D
trachomatis D
in O
women O

The O
persistent O
vegetative O
state O
after O
closed D
head D
injury D
: O
clinical O
and O
magnetic O
resonance O
imaging O
findings O
in O
42 O
patients O

Wegener D
's D
granulomatosis D
of O
the O
head O
and O
neck O

Chromosomal O
abnormalities O
of O
a O
new O
nasopharyngeal D
carcinoma D
cell O
line O
( O
NPC-BM1 O
) O
derived O
from O
a O
bone D
marrow D
metastatic D
lesion D

Relation O
between O
intellectual D
dysfunctioning D
and O
mortality O
in O
community-residing O
older O
people O

Anxiety O
and O
autonomic O
flexibility O
: O
a O
cardiovascular O
approach O

Cross-reactivity O
of O
specific O
antibodies O
directed O
to O
heat O
shock O
proteins O
from O
periodontopathogenic O
bacteria O
and O
of O
human O
origin O
( O
corrected O
) O

Immunogenicity O
of O
hepatitis D
B D
vaccine T
in O
term O
and O
preterm O
infants O

Secondary O
prevention O
for O
stroke D
after O
CAPRIE T
and T
ESPS-2 T

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
New-onset O
angina O
preceding O
acute O
myocardial O
infarction O
is O
associated O
with O
improved O
contractile O
recovery O
after O
thrombolysis O

Magnetic O
resonance O
imaging O
in O
focal D
myositis D

Concomitant D
alveolitis D
and O
asthma D
following O
exposure O
to O
triphenylmethane O
triisocyanate O

Gorlin D
syndrome D
: O
identification O
of O
4 O
novel O
germ-line O
mutations O
of O
the O
human O
patched O
( O
PTCH O
) O
gene O

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

137 O

Online O

Genetic O
findings O
in O
congenital D
bilateral D
aplasia D
of O
vas O
deferens O
patients O
and O
identification O
of O
six O
novel O
mutatations O

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

138 O

Online O

A O
novel O
point O
mutation O
in O
a O
splice O
acceptor O
site O
of O
intron O
1 O
of O
the O
human O
low O
density O
lipoprotein O
receptor O
gene O
which O
causes O
severe O
hypercholesterolemia D
: O
an O
unexpected O
absence O
of O
exon O
skipping O

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

139 O

Online O

A O
de O
novo O
missense O
mutation O
( O
R1623Q O
) O
of O
the O
SCN5A O
gene O
in O
a O
Japanese O
girl O
with O
sporadic D
long D
QT D
sydrome D

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

140 O

Online O

Missense O
mutation O
in O
exon O
11 O
( O
Codon O
378 O
) O
of O
the O
presenilin-1 O
gene O
in O
a O
French O
family O
with O
early-onset O
Alzheimer D
's D
disease D
and O
transmission O
study O
by O
mismatch O
enhanced O
allele O
specific O
amplification O

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

141 O

Online O

besancon O
@ O
rockefeller1.univ.lyon1.fr O

Mutation O
sharing O
, O
predominant O
involvement O
of O
the O
MLH1 O
gene O
and O
description O
of O
four O
novel O
mutations O
in O
hereditary D
nonpolyposis D
colorectal D
cancer D

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

144 O

Online O

A O
new O
informative O
Alw O
26 O
I O
polymorphism O
in O
exon O
10 O
of O
the O
human O
low O
density O
lipoprotein O
receptor O
gene O

Application O
to O
prenatal O
diagnosis O

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

145 O

Online O

Novel O
acceptor O
splice O
site O
mutation O
in O
the O
invariant O
AG O
of O
intron O
6 O
of O
alpha-galactosidase O
A O
gene O
, O
causing O
Fabry D
disease D

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

146 O

Online O

Meta-analysis O
of O
trials O
comparing O
antidepressants T
with O
active O
placebos O

Evidence-based O
guidelines O
for O
universal O
counselling O
and O
offering O
of O
HIV O
testing O
in O
pregnancy O
in O
Canada O

Chelation T
therapy T
for O
peripheral D
arterial D
occlusive D
disease D
: O
a O
systematic O
review O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Sodium T
channel T
block T
with T
mexiletine T
is O
effective O
in O
reducing O
dispersion O
of O
repolarization O
and O
preventing O
torsade D
des D
pointes D
in O
LQT2 O
and O
LQT3 O
models O
of O
the O
long-QT O
syndrome O

Simultaneous O
microsurgical T
vasal T
reconstruction T
and O
varicocele T
ligation T
: O
safety O
profile O
and O
outcomes O

A O
predetermined O
design O
for O
easier O
aesthetic T
abdominoplasty T

Significance O
of O
revision O
of O
the O
occupational O
illness O
legislation O
for O
evaluating O
intervertebral D
disk D
damage D

Serum O
urate O
during O
bouts O
of O
acute D
gouty D
arthritis D

Isolated O
axial O
lateral O
pulse O
as O
a O
sign O
of O
latero-bulbar D
ischemia D
: O
clinical O
topographic O
correlation O

Microalbuminuria D
is O
positively O
associated O
with O
usual O
dietary O
saturated O
fat O
intake O
and O
negatively O
associated O
with O
usual O
dietary O
protein O
intake O
in O
people O
with O
insulin-dependent D
diabetes D
mellitus D

Endoscopic T
ultrasound T
miniprobe-guided T
steroid T
injection T
for O
treatment O
of O
refractory D
esophageal D
strictures D

Purification O
and O
characterization O
of O
an O
acetyl O
xylan O
esterase O
from O
Bacillus O
pumilus O

The O
Stresst'er O
ergometer O
as O
an O
alternative O
to O
treadmill O
testing O
in O
patients O
with O
claudication D

Renal D
trauma D
and O
the O
risk O
of O
long-term O
complications O
in O
shock T
wave T
lithotripsy T

Current O
management O
of O
corneal D
abrasions D
: O
evidence O
based O
practice O
? O

Placebo O
in O
drug O
clinical O
trials O

Chromosome O
22qII O
deletions O

An O
under-recognised O
cause O
of O
idiopathic D
learning D
disability D

Serial O
magnetic O
resonance O
imaging O
findings O
for O
a O
spontaneously O
resolving O
spinal D
subdural D
hematoma D
: O
case O
report O

A O
simple O
technique O
for O
correction O
of O
mucosal D
irregularities D
of D
the D
lip D

Cancer D
risk O
in O
the O
rubber O
industry O
: O
a O
review O
of O
the O
recent O
epidemiological O
evidence O

HIV O
treatment O
strategies O
: O
planning O
for O
the O
long O
term O

The O
project O
of O
a O
national O
control O
program O
for O
tuberculosis D
in O
Spain O

Decrease O
in O
antibiotic O
susceptibility O
or O
increase O
in O
resistance O
? O

Helicobacter O
pylori O
and O
abdominal O
symptoms O
: O
a O
population-based O
study O
among O
preschool O
children O
in O
southern O
Germany O

Have O
we O
treated O
AIDS D
too O
well O
? O
Rationing O
and O
the O
future O
of O
AIDS O
exceptionalism O

Recommendations O
on O
antiretroviral T
treatment T

The O
AIDS O
Study O
Group O
of O
the O
Spanish O
Society O
of O
Infectious O
Diseases O
and O
Clinical O
Microbiology O

Requirements O
for O
training O
to O
ensure O
competence O
of O
endoscopists O
performing O
invasive O
procedures O
in O
children O

Safe O
motherhood O
: O
can O
we O
make O
a O
difference O
? O

Lumbar D
spine D
stenosis D
: O
a O
common O
cause O
of O
back O
and O
leg O
pain D

Myoepithelial D
carcinoma D
with O
predominance O
of O
plasmacytoid O
cells O
arising O
in O
a O
pleomorphic D
adenoma D
of O
the O
parotid O
gland O

Lonomia O
obliqua O
caterpillar O
spicules O
trigger O
human O
blood O
coagulation O
via O
activation O
of O
factor O
X O
and O
prothrombin O

Doing O
everything O

Successful O
replantation O
of O
an O
amputated O
tongue O

Morbidity O
and O
healthcare O
utilisation O
of O
children O
in O
households O
with O
one O
adult O
: O
comparative O
observational O
study O

A O
novel O
frameshift O
mutation O
840delA O
and O
a O
novel O
polymorphism O
D203A O
in O
the O
steroidogenic O
acute O
regulatory O
protein O
gene O
in O
a O
Japanese O
patient O
with O
congenital D
lipoid D
adrenal D
hyperplasia D

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

117 O

Online O

Identification O
of O
five O
new O
mutations O
and O
three O
novel O
polymorphisms O
in O
the O
muscle O
chloride O
channel O
gene O
( O
CLCN1 O
) O
in O
20 O
Italian O
patients O
with O
dominant O
and O
recessive O
myotonia D
congenita D

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

118 O

Online O

Identification O
of O
a O
large O
insertion O
and O
two O
novel O
point O
mutations O
( O
3671del8 O
and O
S1221X O
) O
in O
tuberous D
sclerosis D
complex D
( D
TSC D
) D
patients O

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

119 O

Online O

Mutational O
analysis O
of O
the O
cystathionine O
beta-synthase O
gene O
: O
a O
splicing O
mutation O
, O
two O
missense O
mutations O
and O
an O
insertion O
in O
patients O
with O
homocystinuria D

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

120 O

Online O

Analysis O
of O
five O
mutations O
in O
20 O
mucopolysaccharidois D
type O
1 O
patients O
: O
high O
prevalence O
of O
the O
W402X O
mutation O

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

121 O

Online O

A O
novel O
missense O
mutation O
Ile538Val O
in O
the O
fibroblast O
growth O
factor O
receptor O
3 O
in O
hypochondroplasia D

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

122 O

Online O

Detection O
of O
four O
novel O
mutations O
in O
the O
iduronate-2-sulfatase O
gene O

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

123 O

Online O

Polymorphisms O
in O
the O
coding O
exons O
of O
the O
human O
luteinizing O
hormone O
receptor O
gene O

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

124 O

Online O

Independent O
occurrence O
of O
the O
novel O
Arg2163 O
to O
His O
mutation O
in O
the O
factor O
VIII O
gene O
in O
three O
unrelated O
families O
with O
haemophila D
A D
with O
different O
phenotypes O

Mutations O
in O
brief O
no O

126 O

Online O

Are O
Japanese O
researchers O
exploiting O
Thai O
HIV O
patients O
? O

Underutilization O
of O
aspirin T
in O
older O
patients O
with O
prior D
myocardial D
infarction D
at O
the O
time O
of O
admission O
to O
a O
nursing O
home O
. O

Distinguishing O
silent D
lacunar D
infarction D
from O
enlarged D
Virchow-Robin D
spaces D
: O
a O
magnetic O
resonance O
imaging O
and O
pathological O
study O

Correlation O
is O
not O
causation O

Inhalation O
of O
ammonium O
nitrate O
fuel O
oil O
explosive O
( O
ANFO O
) O

Management O
of O
polycythaemia D
in O
adults O
with O
cyanotic D
congenital D
heart D
disease D

Bolstering O
Sisyphus O

Use O
of O
public O
performance O
reports O
: O
a O
survey O
of O
patients O
undergoing O
cardiac T
surgery T

Role O
of O
a O
p53 O
polymorphism O
in O
the O
development O
of O
human D
papillomavirus-associated D
cancer D

The O
use O
of O
nurses O
in O
alternative O
dispute O
resolution O

Re O
: O
Friday O
afternoon O
pulmonary T
arteriography T
( T
FAPA T
) T
: O
are O
Fridays O
good O
for O
your O
health O
? O

Hormone T
replacement T
therapy T
and O
breast D
cancer D
. O

Physician O
heal O
thyself O
: O
are O
antibiotics T
the O
cure O
or O
the O
disease O
? O

Primary D
biliary D
cirrhosis D

Polymorphism O
in O
promoter O
region O
of O
inducible O
nitric O
oxide O
synthase O
gene O
and O
protection O
against O
malaria D

Ventilatory O
responses O
to O
acute O
and O
sustained O
hypoxia O
during O
isoflurane O
anesthesia O

Leprosy D
type D
1 D
reaction O
as O
the O
first O
manifestation O
of O
borderline O
lepromatous D
leprosy D
in O
a O
young O
native O
German O

A O
systematic O
review O
of O
five O
systemic T
treatments T
for O
severe D
psoriasis D

Trisomy O
10 O
in O
leukemia D

Receptive O
properties O
of O
primary O
afferent O
fibres O
from O
rabbit O
pleura O
, O
in O
vitro O

Congenital D
anomalies D
of D
tracheobronchial D
branching D
patterns D
: O
spiral O
CT O
aspects O
in O
adults O

American O
Heart O
Association O
urges O
caution O
on O
new O
diet O
drug O

Absence O
of O
renal O
and O
hepatic O
toxicity O
after O
four O
hours O
of O
1.25 O
minimum O
alveolar O
anesthetic O
concentration O
sevoflurane O
anesthesia O
in O
volunteers O

Linear D
lichen D
planopilaris D
of O
the O
face O

Electrolyte O
abnormalities O
in O
patients O
with O
chronic D
renal D
failure D
receiving O
parenteral O
nutrition O

Risk O
factors O
for O
hemiretinal D
vein D
occlusion D
: O
comparison O
with O
risk O
factors O
for O
central D
and D
branch D
retinal D
vein D
occlusion D
: O
the O
eye O
disease O
case-control O
study O

The O
psychological O
profiles O
of O
patients O
with O
whiplash-associated D
headache D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Fatal O
spontaneous O
spinal O
epidural O
hematoma O
following O
thrombolysis O
for O
myocardial O
infarction O

Bifid O
T O
waves O
induced O
by O
isoprenaline T
in O
a O
patient O
with O
Brugada D
syndrome D
. O

Quo O
vadis O
`` O
suprema O
lex O
'' O
? O

Death O
in O
springtime O

Clinical T
management T
and O
treatment O
outcomes O
of O
Merkel D
cell D
carcinoma D

Relatives O
in O
the O
resuscitation O
room O
: O
their O
point O
of O
view O

Large D
airway D
disease D
associated O
with O
inflammatory D
bowel D
disease D

Autonomy O
in O
the O
face O
of O
a O
devastating O
diagnosis O

Advanced O
practice O
nursing O
: O
is O
the O
physician O
's O
assistant O
an O
accident O
of O
history O
or O
a O
failure O
to O
act O
? O

Acute D
obstructive D
hydrocephalus D
complicating O
bacterial D
meningitis D
in O
childhood O

Subcutaneous O
autologous O
ovarian O
transplantation O
in O
Wistar O
rats O
maintains O
hormone O
secretion O

Teaching O
irritable D
bowel D
syndrome D
patients O
to O
care O
for O
themselves O

Nonanesthetic O
volatile O
drugs O
obey O
the O
Meyer-Overton O
correlation O
in O
two O
molecular O
protein O
site O
models O

Inhaled T
sodium T
cromoglycate T
in O
young O
children O
with O
moderate O
asthma D

Directly O
observed O
therapy O
and O
treatment O
completion O
for O
tuberculosis D
in O
the O
United O
States O
: O
is O
universal O
supervised O
therapy O
necessary O
? O

Investigation O
of O
antibiotic T
prophylaxis T
usage O
for O
vascular O
and O
nonvascular O
interventional O
procedures O

Effect O
of O
protein O
kinase O
C O
inhibitors O
on O
cardioprotection O
by O
ischemic O
preconditioning O
depends O
on O
the O
number O
of O
preconditioning O
episodes O

How O
do O
you O
treat O
refractory D
pouchitis D
and O
when O
do O
you O
decide O
to O
remove O
the O
pouch O
? O

Filter O
paper O
blood O
spot O
assay O
of O
human O
insulin-like O
growth O
factor O
I O
( O
IGF-I O
) O
and O
IGF-binding O
protein-3 O
and O
preliminary O
application O
in O
the O
evaluation O
of O
growth O
hormone O
status O

Effect O
of O
iodixanol D
on O
renal O
function O
immediately O
after O
abdominal T
angiography T
. O

Clinical O
comparison O
with O
iomeprol D
and O
ioxaglate D

A O
new O
modified O
technique O
for O
harvest O
of O
calcaneal O
bone O
grafts O
in O
surgery T
on O
the O
foot O
and O
ankle O

Is O
prevaccination O
screening O
for O
hepatitis D
B D
among O
sexually O
active O
adolescents O
cost-effective O
? O

Epilepsy D
-- O
a O
guide O
to O
medical O
treatment O

1 O
: O
Antiepileptic T
drugs T

Adolescent O
pregnancy O
and O
sexual O
abuse O

Normoxic T
cardiopulmonary T
bypass T
reduces O
oxidative D
myocardial D
damage D
and D
nitric D
oxide D
during O
cardiac O
operations O
in O
the O
adult O

A O
multidimensional O
study O
of O
preference O
judgements O
for O
excerpts O
of O
music O

Extending O
the O
benefits O
of O
breast D
cancer D
screening O

Still O
hard O
to O
know O
how O
large O
the O
benefits O
will O
really O
be O

Rhabdomyolysis D
and O
carbon D
monoxide D
poisoning D

Effect O
of O
dental T
treatment T
on O
the O
lung O
function O
of O
children O
with O
asthma D
. O

conclusions O
: O
apc T
is O
effective O
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
endoluminal D
hemoptysis D
and O
airway D
obstruction D

induction T
chemotherapy T
( T
cisplatin T
+ T
vinorelbine T
) T
is O
found O
to O
be O
markedly O
effective O
for O
squamous D
cell D
lung D
carcinoma D
with D
sarcoidosis D
-- O
a O
case O
report O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
in O
conclusion O
, O
3d O
computer-assisted O
analysis O
of O
the O
internal O
structure O
of O
small O
pulmonary O
nodules O
using O
contrast-enhanced O
dh-ct O
was O
found O
to O
be O
effective O
for O
differentiating O
between O
benign O
and O
malignant O
nodules O

the O
patient O
was O
a O
62-year-old O
man O
with O
squamous D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
, O
which O
was O
first O
successfully O
treated O
by O
a O
combination T
of T
radiation T
therapy T
and T
chemotherapy T
, O
but O
showed O
local O
recurrence O
after O
8 O
months O

the O
combination T
of T
txt T
, T
gem T
and T
cddp T
may O
be O
effective O
for O
recurrent D
non-small-cell D
lung D
carcinoma D
, O
even O
in O
patients O
that O
have O
failed O
to O
respond O
to O
more O
than O
one O
chemotherapy O
regimen O

the O
aim O
of O
the O
current O
study O
was O
to O
compare O
the O
objective O
response O
and O
survival O
rates O
of O
patients O
with O
mrcc D
treated O
with O
il-2 T
administered O
either O
systemically O
( O
syst O
, O
subcutaneously O
) O
or O
via O
inhalation O
( O
inh O
) O
, O
using O
relatively O
large O
sample O
sizes O
to O
afford O
a O
more O
meaningful O
comparison O

conclusion O
: O
as O
expected O
, O
the O
type O
of O
chemotherapy T
we O
used O
, O
to O
treat O
non-seminomatous D
germ-cell D
tumors D
proved O
to O
be O
highly O
effective O
for O
seminomatous D
types D
, O
as O
well O

carboplatin T
and T
ifosfamide T
performed O
well O
and O
safe O
, O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
non-bulky D
metastatic D
seminoma D

these O
results O
suggested O
that O
the O
sp1 T
decoy T
strategy T
would O
be O
effective O
for O
regulating O
tumor D
growth D
by O
simultaneously O
reducing O
cancer O
cell O
( O
a O
) O
angiogenic O
growth O
factor O
expression O
, O
( O
b O
) O
proliferation O
, O
and O
( O
c O
) O
invasiveness O

considering O
that O
hamsters O
had O
a O
lung O
metastasis O
rate O
of O
50 O
% O
before O
mdp-lys O
treatment O
, O
liposomal T
mdp-lys T
given O
at O
a O
dose O
of O
20 O
microg O
twice/week O
was O
effective O
for O
inhibiting O
lung D
metastasis D
at O
a O
far O
lower O
dose O
of O
mdp-lys O
than O
that O
given O
as O
a O
solution O
( O
40 O
microg O
vs. O
350 O
microg O
per O
week O
) O

we O
have O
documented O
previously O
that O
adenovirus-mediated T
interleukin T
12 T
( T
il-12 T
) T
gene T
therapy T
is O
effective O
for O
orthotopic D
tumor D
control O
and O
suppression O
of O
pre-established D
metastases D
in D
a D
preclinical D
prostate D
cancer D
model D
( O
y. O
nasu O
et O
al O
. O
, O
gene O
ther O

we O
further O
developed O
a O
vaccine O
model O
based O
on O
s.c.injection O
of O
infected O
, O
irradiated O
rm-9 O
cells O
and O
found O
that O
both O
admil-12 T
and T
admil-12/b7 T
are O
effective O
at O
suppressing O
the O
development O
and O
growth O
of O
challenge D
orthotopic D
tumors D
using O
this O
protocol O

despite O
the O
marked O
toxicity O
of O
the O
initial O
intensive T
chemotherapy T
, O
the O
treatments O
are O
tolerable O
and O
effective O
in O
the O
control O
of O
extra-thoracic D
micrometastases D
, O
whereas O
they O
are O
less O
effective O
for O
thoracic O
primary O
tumor O

radiotherapy T
is O
effective O
for O
palliation O
of O
symptoms D
associated D
with D
sblc D

clinically O
, O
oral T
administration T
of T
uft T
has O
proved O
to O
be O
effective O
as O
an O
adjuvant T
therapy T
after O
surgery O
for O
some O
malignant D
tumors D
such D
as D
non-small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D

moreover O
, O
uft T
has O
proved O
to O
be O
effective O
for O
inoperable D
advanced D
malignancies D
such D
as D
colorectal D
cancer D
, O
especially O
in O
combination O
with O
leucovorin T
or T
cisplatin T

a O
phase O
ii O
study O
of O
fractionated O
administration O
of O
irinotecan T
( T
cpt-11 T
) T
and T
cisplatin T
( T
cddp T
) T
in O
patients O
with O
non-small-cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
nsclc D
) D
was O
conducted O

in O
conclusion O
, O
fractionated O
administration O
of O
cpt-11 T
and T
cddp T
was O
highly O
effective O
for O
advanced D
nsclc D
with O
manageable O
toxicities O

we O
report O
the O
use O
of O
paclitaxel T
in O
the O
successful O
treatment O
of O
a O
patient O
with O
recurrent D
adenocarcinoma D
of D
the D
cervix D

weekly O
paclitaxel T
was O
very O
well O
tolerated O
, O
yet O
was O
effective O
for O
recurrent D
cervical D
adenocarcinoma D

conclusion O
: O
our O
results O
suggest O
that O
pseudoephedrine T
plus T
acetaminophen T
is O
effective O
for O
relief O
of O
symptoms D
attributable D
to D
the D
paranasal D
sinuses D
that O
may O
develop O
early O
in O
the O
course O
of O
a O
cold O

reviewer O
's O
conclusions O
: O
a O
single O
dose O
of O
nasal T
decongestant T
in O
the O
common O
cold O
is O
moderately O
effective O
for O
the O
short O
term O
relief O
of O
congestion D
in O
adults O
, O
while O
there O
is O
no O
evidence O
available O
to O
show O
benefit O
after O
repeated O
use O
over O
several O
days O

conclusions O
: O
members O
of O
an O
ethnically O
diverse O
community O
believe O
antibiotics T
are O
effective O
for O
colds D
, O
are O
very O
likely O
to O
seek O
care O
for O
colds O
, O
and O
often O
obtain O
antibiotics O
without O
a O
prescription O

the O
available O
inactivated O
vaccine T
is O
effective O
for O
preventing O
influenza D
and O
the O
serious O
disease O
and O
death O
that O
can O
accompany O
it O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
amantadine T
, O
rimantadine T
, O
and O
the O
newly O
available O
drugs O
zanamivir T
and O
oseltamivir T
are O
effective O
for O
influenza D
prevention D
and D
treatment D
( O
the O
former O
two O
for O
influenza O
a O
only O
) O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
the O
availability O
of O
four O
antiviral T
agents T
that O
effectively O
prevent O
and O
treat O
influenza D
provides O
the O
physician O
with O
considerable O
flexibility O
for O
their O
use O
in O
influenza O
control O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
thus O
influenza D
vaccination T
is O
effective O
for O
preventing O
influenza D
disease D
in O
persons O
aged O
65 O
years O
and O
over O
, O
and O
should O
be O
an O
integral O
part O
of O
the O
care O
of O
this O
population O
residing O
in O
nursing O
homes O

intravenous T
injection T
of T
pb2-as T
, T
as T
a T
complex T
with T
dmrie-c T
, T
a T
cationic T
liposome T
, O
was O
most O
effective O
for O
prolonging O
the O
mean O
survival O
time O
in O
days O
( O
msds O
) O
and O
increasing O
the O
survival O
rates O
of O
mice O
infected O
with O
the O
influenza D
a D
virus D

background O
and O
objectives O
: O
thoracic T
paravertebral T
block T
( T
tpvb T
) T
is O
a O
unilateral O
analgesic O
technique O
that O
has O
been O
advocated O
in O
both O
acute D
and D
chronic D
thoracic D
and D
abdominal D
pain D

other T
blocks T
such T
as T
interpleural T
and T
epidural T
can O
be O
effectively O
used O
in O
pleuritic D
pain D

this O
report O
illustrates O
that O
tpvb T
could O
also O
be O
effective O
for O
this O
kind O
of O
pain D

conclusions O
: O
this O
case O
report O
supports O
the O
notion O
that O
, O
in O
practice O
, O
the T
paravertebral T
block T
could O
be O
an O
effective O
and O
safe O
alternative O
to O
relief O
of O
pleuritic D
pain D

conclusion O
: O
mr-guided T
rfa T
using T
single T
cooled T
tip T
electrodes T
is O
safe O
and O
technically O
effective O
for O
treatment O
of O
hepatic D
neoplasms D
up O
to O
3 O
cm O
in O
size O
, O
however O
further O
improvements O
are O
necessary O

a O
68-year-old O
man O
underwent O
curative T
pancreaticoduodenectomy T
for O
bile D
duct D
cancer D

one O
course O
of O
chronochemotherapy T
was O
effective O
for O
lymph D
node D
and D
peritoneum D
metastases D

the O
only O
specific O
antidote O
for O
dosage-dependent D
hepatotoxicity D
is O
n-acetylcysteine T
( T
and T
some T
other T
sulfhydryl T
donors T
) T
, O
which O
is O
highly O
effective O
for O
the O
prevention O
of O
significant O
hepatotoxicity O
after O
acetaminophen O
overdose O

corticosteroids T
can O
be O
considered O
for O
cases O
of O
drug-induced D
hepatitis D
, O
especially O
those O
with O
evidence O
of O
immune O
hypersensitivity O
, O
if O
no O
improvement O
is O
seen O
in O
8 O
to O
12 O
weeks O

our O
conclusion O
was O
that O
the O
covered-ems T
can O
be O
effective O
for O
the O
palliation O
of O
esophagorespiratory D
fistulas D

the O
food O
and O
drug O
administration O
( O
fda O
) O
recently O
approved O
the O
first O
protein-polysaccharide T
conjugate T
vaccine T
to O
prevent O
invasive D
pneumococcal D
diseases D
in O
infants O
and O
toddlers O
< O
2 O
years O
of O
age O

this O
conjugated T
vaccine T
against O
pneumococcus D
uses O
the O
same O
technology O
as O
the O
successful O
vaccine T
against O
haemophilus D
influenzae D
type D
b D

the O
most O
recent O
study O
, O
involving O
over O
37 O
, O
000 O
young O
children O
, O
also O
evaluated O
the O
vaccine O
's O
efficacy O
, O
and O
reported O
that O
the O
vaccine T
is O
highly O
effective O
in O
preventing O
invasive D
disease D
and O
has O
had O
an O
impact O
on O
otitis D
media D

conclusions O
: O
the O
heptavalent T
pneumococcal T
conjugate T
vaccine T
is O
safe O
and O
highly O
effective O
in O
preventing O
pneumococcal D
meningitis D
and D
bacteremic D
pneumonia D
in O
young O
children O
< O
2 O
years O
of O
age O
; O
it O
is O
less O
effective O
in O
preventing O
otitis O
media O

based O
on O
the O
results O
of O
three O
well-designed O
studies O
demonstrating O
the O
vaccine O
's O
safety O
, O
immunogenicity O
, O
and O
efficacy O
, O
the O
vaccine T
is O
safe O
and O
effective O
for O
active O
immunization O
of O
children O
< O
2 O
years O
of O
age O
against O
invasive D
disease D
caused D
by D
seven D
streptococcus D
pneumoniae D
serotypes D
included O
in O
the O
vaccine O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
i O
concluded O
that O
6-month O
regimen O
containing O
pyrazinamide T
was O
effective O
for O
the O
patients O
with O
isoniazid-rifampicin D
susceptible D
tuberculosis D
patients O
except O
the O
patients O
complicated O
with O
diabetes D
mellitus D

only O
the O
combination T
of T
a T
cell T
wall-active T
antibiotic T
to T
which T
the T
enterococcus T
is T
susceptible T
( T
ie T
, T
certain T
beta-lactams T
or T
vancomycin T
) T
plus T
an T
aminoglycoside T
( T
ie T
, T
gentamicin T
or T
streptomycin T
) T
is O
bactericidal O
, O
and O
is O
required O
for O
cure O
of O
endocarditis D
, D
meningitis D
and D
probably D
infection D
in D
neutropenic D
patients D
; O
bacteriostatic O
activity O
is O
sufficient O
to O
treat O
most O
other O
infections O

two T
triazole T
antifungal T
agents T
, T
fluconazole T
and T
itraconazole T
, O
were O
introduced O
over O
a O
decade O
ago O
and O
since O
then O
have O
been O
used O
extensively O
for O
the O
prophylaxis O
and O
treatment O
of O
a O
variety O
of O
fungal D
infections D

the O
use O
of O
topical T
corticosteroids T
has O
revolutionised O
the O
treatment O
of O
inflammatory D
skin D
diseases D

in O
particular O
, O
tacrolimus T
and T
ascomycin T
derivatives T
have O
been O
shown O
to O
be O
effective O
for O
treating O
atopic D
dermatitism D
with O
a O
surprising O
lack O
of O
side O
effects O

cyclophosphamide T
therapy T
is O
effective O
for O
bronchiolitis D
obliterans D
occurring D
as D
a D
late D
manifestation D
of D
lupus D
erythematosus D
( O
letter O
) O

in O
summary O
, O
gemifloxacin T
was O
found O
to O
be O
well O
tolerated O
and O
effective O
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
aecb D
, O
suggesting O
it O
is O
well O
suited O
for O
empirical O
treatment O
of O
this O
common O
respiratory O
condition O
in O
the O
current O
clinical O
environment O

d-penicillamine T
( T
2-amino-3-mercapto-3-methylbutanoic T
acid T
) T
, T
a T
well-known T
heavy T
metal T
chelator T
, O
is O
the O
drug O
of O
choice O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
wilson D
's D
disease D
and O
is O
also O
effective O
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
several D
disorders D
including D
rheumatoid D
arthritis D
, D
primary D
biliary D
cirrhosis D
, D
scleroderma D
, D
fibrotic D
lung D
diseases D
and D
progressive D
systemic D
sclerosis D

stages O
of O
non-small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
nsclc D
) D
that O
are O
potential O
candidates O
for O
surgical T
resection T
have O
been O
treated O
in O
several O
ways O
: O
surgery T
alone O
is O
curative O
in O
only O
two-thirds O
of O
cases O
and O
post-operative T
radiotherapy T
( T
rt T
) T
provides O
only O
weak O
control O
of O
advanced-stage O
disease O

among O
these O
, O
the O
gemcitabine/cisplatin T
study O
protocol O
( O
gc O
) O
, O
set O
up O
in O
a O
phase O
ii O
study O
for O
patients O
with O
stage D
iiia D
n2 D
nsclc D
, O
was O
very O
effective O
( O
objective O
response O
( O
or O
) O
: O
70.2 O
% O
; O
median O
survival O
: O
19 O
months O
) O
and O
should O
be O
promising O
for O
stages O
ib O
and O
ii O

several O
studies O
have O
suggested O
that O
non-small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
nsclc D
) D
patients O
whose O
tumors O
have O
neuroendocrine O
( O
ne O
) O
features O
may O
be O
more O
responsive O
to O
chemotherapy T
in O
addition O
, O
increased O
expression O
of O
p53 O
and O
her2 O
may O
confer O
relative O
chemotherapy O
resistance O
and O
shortened O
survival O

the O
cancer O
and O
leukemia O
group O
b O
performed O
a O
series O
of O
studies O
involving O
sequential T
chemotherapy T
followed T
by T
radiation T
for O
patients O
with O
unresectable D
stage D
iii D
nsclc D

this O
london O
lung O
cancer O
group O
trial O
of O
gemcitabine/carboplatin T
may O
define O
an O
active O
, O
safe O
, O
and O
acceptable O
treatment O
for O
patients O
with O
extensive-stage O
and O
poor-prognosis O
small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D

gemcitabine T
and T
carboplatin T
for O
patients O
with O
advanced D
non-small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D

an T
aggressive T
surgical T
approach T
is O
justified O
in O
patients O
with O
mplc D
and O
offers O
the O
greatest O
chance O
for O
long-term O
survival O
even O
in O
the O
case O
of O
limited O
resection O

methods O
and O
materials O
: O
eleven O
patients O
with O
small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
sclc D
) D
, O
who O
had O
presented O
complete O
response O
of O
disease O
after O
chemotherapy T
and O
radical T
radiotherapy T
in T
the T
lung T
, O
were O
prescribed O
to O
receive O
a O
prophylacting O
cranial O
irradiation O
( O
pci O
) O
with O
a O
6 O
mev O
linear O
accelerator O

only O
22 O
patients O
( O
10 O
% O
) O
were O
alive O
at O
five O
years O
: O
19 O
patients O
with O
nsclc D
who O
had O
got O
surgical T
treatment T
, O
one O
patient O
with O
nsclc D
( D
stage D
iiib D
) D
who O
had O
recieved O
radiotherapy T
, O
and O
two O
patients O
with O
sclc D
, D
limited D
disease D
, O
treated O
with O
chemo- T
and T
radiotherapy T

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
the O
standard O
care O
for O
patients O
with O
non-small-cell D
lung D
cancer D
is O
chemotherapy T
of T
supportive T
care T
, O
with O
surgery T
being O
reserved O
for O
palliation O
of O
symptoms O
; O
however O
, O
there O
is O
a O
small O
group O
of O
patients O
with O
a O
finite O
number O
of O
extrathoracic D
metastases D
( D
oligometastases D
) D
who O
may O
experience O
improved O
survival O
by O
resection T
of T
their T
metastases T
and T
the T
primary T
site T
, O
with O
or O
without O
systemic O
treatment O

five O
new O
agents O
, O
paclitaxel T
, O
docetaxel T
, O
vinorelbine T
, O
gemcitabine T
and O
irinotecan T
, O
have O
been O
introduced O
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
nsclc D
and O
investigated O
extensively O
both O
preclinically O
and O
clinically O

whether O
the O
era O
of O
platinum-based T
chemotherapy T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
nsclc D
should O
continue O
or O
not O
must O
be O
determined O
by O
phase O
iii O
trials O
, O
evaluating O
the O
use O
of O
a O
platinum O
agent O
with O
one O
of O
the O
new O
agent O
combinations O

these O
aggressive T
chemotherapeutic T
combinations T
will O
hopefully O
improve O
survival O
and O
quality O
of O
life O
for O
patients O
with O
advanced D
nsclc D

results O
: O
we O
have O
performed O
60 O
carinal T
resections T
for O
bronchogenic D
carcinoma D
: O
18 O
isolated T
carinal T
resections T
for O
tumor D
confined D
to D
the D
carinal D
or D
proximal D
main D
stem D
bronchus D
; O
35 O
carinal T
pneumonectomies T
; O
5 O
carinal T
plus T
lobar T
resections T
, O
and O
2 O
carinal T
resections T
for O
stump D
recurrence D
after D
prior D
pneumonectomy D

conclusions O
: O
this O
constitutes O
one O
of O
the O
largest O
single-institution O
reports O
on O
carinal T
resection T
for O
bronchogenic D
carcinoma D
involving D
the D
carina D

extracorporeal T
photopheresis T
has O
evolved O
as O
a O
possible O
therapy O
for O
patients O
with O
acute D
nd D
chronic D
lung D
allograft D
rejection D

methods O
: O
we O
retrospectively O
reviewed O
14 O
patients O
diagnosed O
with O
bos D
who O
underwent O
therapy T
with T
extracorporeal T
photopheresis T

in O
three O
patients O
with O
bos D
and D
concurrent D
acute D
rejection D
, O
therapy T
with T
extracorporeal T
photopheresis T
led O
to O
the O
resolution O
of O
the O
acute O
rejection O
episode O

conclusion O
: O
extracorporeal T
photopheresis T
appears O
to O
be O
a O
promising O
therapy O
for O
patients O
with O
early D
bos D

purpose O
: O
many O
patients O
with O
locally D
advanced D
non-small-cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
la-nsclc D
) D
are O
eligible O
for O
combined-modality T
therapy T
( T
cmt T
; T
chemotherapy T
and T
radiotherapy T
) T

over O
the O
past O
twenty O
years O
combination T
chemotherapy T
has O
continued O
to O
produce O
small O
survival O
gains O
for O
patients O
with O
sclc D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
purpose O
: O
the O
benefit O
of O
whole-lung T
irradiation T
( T
wli T
) T
for O
patients O
who O
have O
pulmonary D
metastases D
( D
pm D
) D
of D
ewing D
sarcoma D
family D
tumors D
( D
esft D
) D
is O
unclear O

extent O
of O
pulmonary O
involvement O
at O
diagnosis O
, O
response O
of O
pm D
after O
induction T
chemotherapy T
, O
local O
treatment O
of O
pm O
thereafter O
, O
and O
clinical O
outcome O
were O
recorded O

conclusions O
: O
the O
comparable O
survival O
of O
patients O
with O
poor O
and O
good O
response O
of O
pm D
to O
induction T
chemotherapy T
suggests O
that O
wli T
may O
benefit O
poor O
responders O

objective O
: O
to O
report O
the O
use O
of O
heparin T
and O
enoxaparin T
for O
radiation-induced D
myelopathy D

therefore O
, O
patients O
with O
radiation-induced D
spinal D
cord D
injury D
may O
benefit O
from O
anticoagulant T
therapy T

conclusions O
: O
heparin T
and/or T
enoxaparin T
may O
be O
considered O
as O
potential O
treatments O
for O
patients O
with O
radiation-induced D
myelopathy D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
tracheal O
stent O
insertion O
is O
a O
useful O
method O
for O
patients O
with O
malignant O
tracheal O
stenosis O

expandable T
metal T
stents T
were O
inserted O
in O
two O
patients O
with O
severe D
dyspnea D
due D
to D
tracheal D
stenosis D
caused D
by D
lung D
cancer D
and D
esophageal D
cancer D

thus O
, O
we O
should O
recognize O
this O
immanent O
risk O
and O
perform O
peri- T
and T
postoperative T
management T
for O
patients O
with O
gh-producing D
tumors D

background O
: O
at O
present O
the O
addition T
of T
thoracic T
irradiation T
to T
combination T
chemotherapy T
is O
a O
standard O
treatment O
for O
limited D
staged D
small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D

we O
conducted O
a O
phase O
ii O
study O
of O
etoposide T
( T
vp-16 T
) T
-ifosfamide-cisplatin T
( T
vip T
) T
combination T
chemotherapy T
plus T
early T
concurrent T
thoracic T
irradiation T
for O
the O
patients O
with O
previously O
untreated D
limited D
small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
in O
order O
to O
assess O
if O
the O
treatment O
modality O
could O
improve O
the O
response O
rate O
and O
the O
toxicity O

methods O
: O
forty-four O
patients O
with O
limited D
small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
were O
treated O
with O
etoposide-ifosfamide-cisplatin T
and T
concurrent T
thoracic T
irradiation T

conclusion O
: O
vip T
combination T
chemotherapy T
and T
early T
concurrent T
thoracic T
irradiation T
for O
patients O
with O
limited D
stage D
small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
revealed O
excellent O
antitumor O
response O
with O
tolerable O
toxicity O

in O
this O
study O
we O
analyzed O
33 O
cases O
which O
underwent O
complete T
surgical T
resection T
to O
assess O
the O
role O
of O
surgery O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
patients O
with O
n D
2 D
nsclc D

we O
thereby O
recommend O
that O
surgery T
should O
only O
be O
performed O
for O
those O
n D
2 D
nsclc D
patients O
diagnosed O
as O
t O
1 O
or O
t O
2 O
with O
a O
classification O
of O
p1 O
or O
less O

inhaled T
corticosteroid T
therapy T
is O
recommended O
for O
patients O
with O
persistent D
disease D
, O
and O
careful O
instruction O
in O
the O
use O
of O
metered-dose O
inhalers O
is O
particularly O
important O
for O
the O
elderly O

background O
: O
the O
role O
of O
surgical T
staging T
of O
patients O
with O
non-small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
nsclc D
) D
continues O
to O
evolve O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
this O
report O
describes O
our O
findings O
utilizing O
routine O
cervical O
mediastinoscopy O
in O
the O
evaluation O
of O
peripheral O
t1 O
( O
< O
3 O
cm O
) O
lung O
tumors O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
mediastinoscopy O
facilitates O
identification O
of O
patients O
with O
regionally D
advanced D
disease D
prior D
to D
resection D
, O
allowing O
neoadjuvant T
therapy T
and O
avoiding O
unnecessary O
resections O

purpose O
: O
given O
the O
cisplatin-related O
myelotoxicity O
and O
nonhematologic O
toxicities O
, O
we O
were O
prompted O
to O
undertake O
a O
study O
of O
the O
noncisplatin T
combination T
of T
paclitaxel T
plus T
gemcitabine T
to O
evaluate O
the O
efficacy O
, O
tolerance O
, O
and O
survival O
of O
this O
combination O
in O
patients O
with O
locally D
advanced D
and D
metastatic D
non-small-cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
nsclc D
) D

we O
evaluated O
the O
role O
of O
systemic T
chemotherapy T
for O
patients O
with O
malignant D
pleural D
effusions D
from D
nsclc D

methods O
: O
we O
analyzed O
34 O
patients O
who O
were O
found O
to O
have O
malignant D
pleural D
effusions D
in O
the O
course O
of O
diagnosis O
of O
118 O
patients O
enrolled O
in O
three O
consecutive O
clinical O
trials O
on O
advanced O
nsclc D
assessing O
combination T
chemotherapy T
of T
cisplatin T
, T
ifosfamide T
, T
and T
irinotecan T
with T
recombinant T
human T
granulocyte T
colony-stimulating T
factor T
support T

conclusions O
: O
both O
the O
response O
rate O
and O
survival O
data O
in O
this O
retrospective O
study O
suggest O
a O
high O
degree O
of O
activity O
of O
this O
combination T
chemotherapy T
in O
patients O
with O
malignant D
pleural D
effusions D
from D
nsclc D

in O
contrast O
, O
the O
introduction O
and O
improvement O
of O
chemotherapy T
since O
the O
1970s O
gave O
rise O
to O
an O
improvement O
in O
- O
only O
short-term O
( O
< O
2 O
years O
) O
- O
survival O
for O
patients O
with O
small-cell D
lung D
cancer D

between O
july O
1992 O
and O
december O
1997 O
, O
1799 O
patients O
were O
diagnosed O
as O
having O
lung D
cancer D
in O
our O
hospital O
and O
926 O
patients O
received O
chemotherapy T
and/or T
thoracic T
radiotherapy T

the O
administration O
of O
mitomycin T
c T
in O
addition O
to O
cisplatin-based T
regimens T
for O
patients O
with O
lung D
cancer D
should O
be O
carefully O
considered O

570 O
patients O
with O
osteosarcoma D
of D
the D
extremities D
were O
treated O
with O
five O
different O
protocols O
of O
neoadjuvant T
chemotherapy T
at O
rizzoli O
institute O
between O
1983 O
and O
1995 O

we O
conclude O
that O
for O
patients O
with O
osteosarcoma D
of D
the D
extremities D
treated O
with O
neoadjuvant T
chemotherapy T
: O
( O
a O
) O
the O
pattern O
of O
systemic O
relapse O
changes O
according O
to O
the O
efficacy O
of O
the O
protocol O
of O
chemotherapy O
used O

the O
degree O
of O
healing O
and O
damage O
of O
the O
bronchial O
wall O
after O
photodynamic T
therapy T
, T
nd-yag T
laser T
and T
electrocautery T
for O
intraluminal D
early-stage D
cancer D
have O
been O
analysed O

to O
examine O
whether O
efficacy O
of O
postoperative O
oral O
administration O
of O
uft T
, T
a T
5-fluorouracil T
derivative T
chemotherapeutic T
agent T
, O
may O
be O
influenced O
by O
incidence O
of O
apoptosis O
( O
apoptosis O
index O
) O
or O
apoptosis-related O
gene O
status O
( O
p53 O
and O
bcl-2 O
) O
of O
the O
tumour O
, O
a O
total O
of O
162 O
patients O
with O
pathologic D
stage D
i D
non-small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
were O
retrospectively O
reviewed O

objectives O
: O
the O
purpose O
of O
this O
study O
is O
to O
review O
our O
experience O
with O
the O
spectrum O
of O
neuroendocrine D
neoplasms D
of D
the D
lung D
with O
emphasis O
on O
the O
histopathologic O
classification O
and O
surgical T
therapy T
of O
each O
class O
of O
neoplasm O

patients O
: O
during O
this O
period O
, O
a O
total O
of O
77 O
patients O
underwent O
lung T
resection T
for O
the O
following O
neuroendocrine D
neoplasms D
: O
typical D
carcinoid D
( D
tc D
) D
, O
50 O
patients O
; O
atypical D
carcinoid D
( D
ac D
) D
, O
5 O
patients O
; O
large D
cell D
neuroendocrine D
carcinoma D
( D
lcnec D
) D
, O
9 O
patients O
; O
mixed D
large-small D
cell D
neuroendocrine D
carcinoma D
( D
lsnec D
) D
, O
4 O
patients O
; O
or O
small D
cell D
neuroendocrine D
carcinoma D
( D
scc D
) D
, O
9 O
patients O

despite O
the O
poor O
overall O
prognosis O
in O
high-grade O
neuroendocrine D
tumors D
of D
the D
lung D
, O
surgery T
remains O
a O
viable O
adjunct O
in O
the O
early O
stages O
of O
this O
disease O

urpose O
: O
to O
assess O
results O
with O
twice-daily O
high-dose O
radiotherapy T
( T
rt T
) T
for O
non-small-cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
nsclc D
) D

is O
prolonged O
survival O
possible O
for O
patients O
with O
supraclavicular D
node D
metastases D
in D
nsclc D
treated O
with O
chemoradiotherapy T
? O
ijrobp O
1999 O
; O
44 O
( O
4 O
) O
: O
847-853 O

we O
aimed O
to O
investigate O
whether O
biological O
factors O
related O
to O
radiosensitivity O
and O
chemosensitivity O
have O
prognostic O
significance O
in O
non-small-cell-lung-cancer D
( D
nsclc D
) D
patients O
treated O
with O
daily O
low O
doses O
of O
cisplatin T
and T
radiotherapy T

we O
treated O
27 O
nsclcm D
patients O
with O
concomitant O
daily O
low-dose O
cisplatin T
and T
radiotherapy T
between O
1993 O
and O
1995 O

background O
: O
we O
examined O
the O
complications O
and O
outcomes O
of O
placing O
stents T
for O
both O
esophageal D
and D
tracheobronchial D
stenoses D

methods O
: O
we O
placed O
stents T
for O
both O
esophageal D
and D
tracheobronchial D
stenoses D
in O
8 O
patients O
( O
7 O
with O
esophageal O
cancer O
and O
1 O
with O
lung O
cancer O
) O

covered O
or O
noncovered O
metallic T
stents T
were O
used O
for O
the O
esophageal D
stenoses D
, O
except O
in O
1 O
patient O
treated O
with O
a O
silicone O
stent O

silicone T
stents T
were O
used O
for O
the O
tracheobronchial D
stenoses D

results O
: O
all O
patients O
experienced O
improvement O
of O
grades O
of O
both O
dysphagia D
and D
respiratory D
symptoms D
after O
stent T
therapy T

conclusions O
: O
for O
patients O
with O
both O
esophageal D
and D
tracheobronchial D
stenoses D
, O
a O
stent T
should O
be O
introduced O
into O
the O
tracheobronchus O
first O

because O
placement O
of O
stents O
in O
both O
the O
esophagus O
and O
tracheobronchus O
has O
a O
high O
risk O
of O
enlargement O
of O
the O
fistula O
, O
a O
covered T
metallic T
stent T
is O
preferable O
for O
esophageal D
cancer D
involving D
the D
tracheobronchus D

a O
retrospective O
immunohistochemical O
study O
was O
performed O
on O
material O
from O
patients O
who O
were O
newly O
diagnosed O
with O
osteogenic D
sarcoma D
who O
were O
treated O
according O
to O
the O
t12 T
protocol T
from O
the O
authors O
' O
institution O
between O
1986 O
to O
1993 O

these O
data O
suggest O
that O
her2/erbb-2 O
should O
be O
evaluated O
prospectively O
as O
a O
prognostic O
indicator O
and O
clinical O
trials O
using O
antibodies T
that O
target O
this O
receptor O
should O
be O
considered O
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
patients O
with O
osteogenic D
sarcoma D

objective O
: O
to O
examine O
the O
effectiveness O
of O
ninjin T
yoei T
to T
( T
nyt T
; T
ren-shen-yang-rong-tang T
in T
chinese T
medicine T
; T
kotaro T
pharmaceutical T
co. T
, T
ltd. T
, T
osaka T
, T
japan T
) T
, T
one T
of T
the T
traditional T
herbal T
medicines T
, O
against O
lung D
carcinoma D

setting O
: O
the O
nursing O
center O
himawari O
design O
, O
patient O
, O
and O
preparation O
: O
the O
regular O
dosage O
of O
nyt T
( O
15 O
g/d O
) O
was O
prescribed O
for O
7 O
weeks O
to O
one O
elderly O
patient O
with O
lung D
carcinoma D

conclusion O
: O
nyt T
has O
a O
positive O
effect O
on O
life O
expectancy O
for O
patients O
with O
malignancy D

background O
: O
the O
costs O
of O
videothoracoscopic T
procedures T
for O
patients O
with O
lung D
carcinoma D
were O
compared O
with O
those O
of O
patients O
who O
underwent O
open T
thoracotomy T
in O
japan O

methods O
: O
the O
cost O
of O
surgical T
treatment T
in O
1997 O
and O
1998 O
for O
patients O
with O
resectable D
primary D
or D
metastatic D
lung D
carcinoma D
was O
analyzed O
from O
itemized O
statements O
of O
hospital O
charges O

for O
patients O
with O
lung D
carcinoma D
who O
are O
in O
relatively O
poor O
health O
, O
the O
authors O
chose O
videothoracoscopic T
lobectomy T
or T
partial T
resection T
of T
the T
lung T
instead O
of O
an O
open O
thoracotomy O

for O
patients O
with O
solitary D
pulmonary D
metastasis D
, O
the O
authors O
routinely O
performed O
thoracoscopic T
partial T
resection T
of T
the T
lung T

background O
: O
curative T
therapy T
is O
available O
for O
patients O
with O
stage D
0 D
lung D
carcinoma D
, O
with O
a O
> O
90 O
% O
5-year O
survival O
rate O

promising O
chemopreventive T
agents T
also O
are O
under O
investigation O
currently O
to O
reduce O
the O
risk O
of O
lung D
carcinoma D
in O
high O
risk O
populations O

object O
: O
the O
purpose O
of O
this O
retrospective O
study O
was O
to O
compare O
the O
effectiveness O
of O
gamma T
knife T
radiosurgery T
( T
gks T
) T
for O
multiple D
cerebral D
metastases D
with O
that O
of O
whole-brain T
radiation T
therapy T
( T
wbrt T
) T

in O
the O
gks O
group O
, O
large O
lesions O
( O
> O
30 O
mm O
) O
were O
removed O
surgically O
and O
all O
other O
small D
lesions D
( O
< O
or O
= O
30 O
mm O
) O
were O
treated O
by O
gks T

new O
distant D
lesions D
were O
treated O
by O
repeated O
gks T
without O
prophylactic O
wbrt O

conclusions O
: O
gamma T
knife T
radiosurgery T
without O
prophylactic O
wbrt O
could O
be O
a O
primary O
choice O
of O
treatment O
for O
patients O
with O
as O
many O
as O
10 O
cerebral D
metastases D
from D
nonsmall D
cell D
cancer D

the O
notable O
exception O
has O
been O
docetaxel T
, O
which O
has O
been O
extensively O
studied O
as O
a O
second-line O
therapy O
for O
nsclc D

object O
: O
the O
purpose O
of O
this O
retrospective O
study O
was O
to O
compare O
the O
effectiveness O
of O
gamma T
knife T
radiosurgery T
( T
gks T
) T
for O
multiple D
cerebral D
metastases D
with O
that O
of O
whole-brain T
radiation T
therapy T
( T
wbrt T
) T

patients O
with O
a O
single D
non-sclc D
, D
breast D
, D
melanoma D
, D
renal D
cell D
, D
and D
ovarian D
carcinoma D
brain D
metastasis D
have O
the O
best O
chance O
for O
long-term O
survival O
if O
treated O
with O
surgical T
resection T
and T
wbrt T

objective O
: O
careful O
patient O
selection O
is O
vital O
when O
video-assisted T
thoracoscopic T
surgical T
( T
vats T
) T
therapeutic T
pulmonary T
metastasectomy T
of O
colorectal D
carcinoma D
is O
considered O

we O
reviewed O
our O
vats O
experience O
for O
therapeutic T
metastasectomy T
of O
peripheral D
colorectal D
pulmonary D
metastases D

methods O
: O
over O
90 O
months O
, O
therapeutic T
vats T
metastasectomy T
was O
accomplished O
upon O
80 O
patients O
with O
colorectal D
metastases D

conclusions O
: O
therapeutic T
vats T
resection T
of O
colorectal D
metastases D
appears O
efficacious O

objectives O
: O
to O
review O
the O
spectrum O
of O
presentation O
and O
the O
surgical T
management T
of O
non D
small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
nsclc D
) D
and O
the O
role O
of O
various O
diagnostic O
modalities O
in O
predicting O
the O
post-operative O
stage O
and O
the O
correlation O
of O
the O
post-operative O
stage O
with O
the O
chances O
of O
recurrence O

patients O
with O
limited-stage D
small-cell D
carcinoma D
of D
the D
lung D
are O
treated O
with O
combined-modality T
therapy T
with O
the O
intent O
to O
cure O

in O
the O
past O
several O
years O
, O
new T
chemotherapeutic T
agents T
, T
including T
the T
taxanes T
and T
the T
topoisomerase T
i T
inhibitors T
, O
have O
demonstrated O
substantial O
activity O
against O
small-cell D
carcinoma D

we O
evaluated O
the O
role O
of O
chemotherapy T
for O
patients O
with O
brain D
metastases D
from D
nsclc D

methods O
: O
we O
analyzed O
30 O
patients O
who O
were O
discovered O
to O
have O
brain O
metastases O
during O
the O
diagnosis O
of O
121 O
patients O
enrolled O
in O
three O
consecutive O
clinical O
trials O
on O
advanced D
nsclc D
assessing O
combination T
chemotherapy T
of T
cisplatin T
, T
ifosfamide T
and T
irinotecan T
with T
rhg-csf T
support T

conclusions O
: O
both O
the O
response O
rate O
and O
survival O
data O
in O
this O
retrospective O
study O
suggest O
a O
high O
degree O
of O
activity O
of O
this O
combination T
chemotherapy T
in O
patients O
with O
brain D
metastases D
from D
nsclc D

the O
aim O
of O
this O
study O
was O
the O
evaluation O
of O
both O
the O
antitumour O
activity O
and O
toxicity O
of O
an O
immunochemotherapeutic T
regimen T
consisting T
of T
interferon-alpha2b T
and T
interleukin-2 T
in T
combination T
with T
fotemustine T
for O
patients O
with O
metastatic D
melanoma D

to O
explore O
the O
induction O
of O
chemotherapy T
( T
ct T
) T
dna O
damage O
and O
its O
correlation O
with O
tumor O
response O
and O
patient O
survival O
, O
we O
undertook O
the O
present O
study O
in O
20 O
small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
sclc D
) D
patients O

in O
patients O
with O
metastatic D
colorectal D
cancer D
, O
intravenous T
oxaliplatin T
has O
been O
trialled O
as O
a O
monotherapy O
and O
in O
combination O
with O
other O
agents O

neoadjuvant T
therapy T
with T
oxaliplatin/fluorouracil/folinic T
acid T
has O
proven O
beneficial O
in O
enabling O
surgical O
removal O
of O
previously O
unresectable D
liver D
metastases D

in O
2 O
studies O
, O
surgery T
with O
curative O
intent O
was O
performed O
in O
16 O
and O
51 O
% O
of O
patients O
with O
initially O
unresectable D
liver D
metastases D
following O
oxaliplatin/fluorouracil/folinic T
acid T
therapy T
; O
the O
5-year O
survival O
rates O
were O
40 O
and O
50 O
% O
, O
respectively O

in O
patients O
with O
advanced D
ovarian D
cancer D
, O
first-line O
therapy O
with O
oxaliplatin/cyclophosphamide T
achieved O
an O
objective O
response O
rate O
which O
did O
not O
differ O
significantly O
from O
that O
of O
cisplatin/cyclophosphamide T
( O
33 O
vs O
42 O
% O
) O

in O
addition O
, O
oxaliplatin T
has O
shown O
efficacy O
in O
patients O
with O
platinum-pretreated D
ovarian D
cancer D
and O
achieved O
objective O
response O
rates O
similar O
to O
paclitaxel O
in O
this O
setting O
( O
16 O
vs O
17 O
% O
) O

promising O
results O
have O
also O
been O
found O
with O
oxaliplatin T
in O
patients O
with O
non-hodgkin D
's D
lymphoma D
, D
breast D
cancer D
, D
mesothelioma D
and D
non-small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D

conclusion O
: O
oxaliplatin T
in T
combination T
with T
fluorouracil/folinic T
acid T
is O
an O
effective O
treatment O
option O
for O
patients O
with O
metastatic D
colorectal D
cancer D
, O
both O
as O
a O
first-line O
therapy O
and O
in O
patients O
refractory O
to O
previous O
chemotherapy O

additional O
clinical O
investigation O
of O
oxaliplatin T
in O
patients O
with O
other O
cancers D
is O
warranted O
given O
the O
promising O
results O
achieved O
in O
early O
trials O
, O
most O
notably O
in O
patients O
with O
platinum-pretreated O
ovarian O
cancer O

combined T
modality T
treatment T
has O
'come O
out O
of O
age O
' O
and O
increasingly O
represents O
standard O
of O
care O
for O
a O
rapidly O
growing O
number O
of O
patients O
in O
locally O
advanced O
stages O
of O
nsclc D

the O
current O
study O
was O
designed O
to O
assess O
the O
prognostic O
value O
of O
immunomorphologic O
changes O
in O
locoregional O
lymph O
nodes O
and O
lymphocytic O
infiltration O
of O
primary O
tumor O
( O
li O
) O
in O
patients O
who O
undergo O
resection T
for O
bronchogenic D
carcinoma D

conclusions O
: O
lymph O
node O
immunoreactivity O
and O
li O
significantly O
influence O
long O
term O
survival O
after O
curative T
surgery T
for O
patients O
with O
carcinoma D
of D
the D
lung D
and O
may O
be O
useful O
in O
stratifying O
patients O
for O
prospective O
trials O
of O
adjuvant O
treatment O
, O
including O
immunotherapy O

the O
drug O
is O
currently O
in O
phase O
iii O
clinical O
trials O
for O
patients O
with O
non-small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
in O
combination O
with O
paclitaxel T
and T
carboplatin T
, O
as O
well O
as O
in O
advanced D
hormone D
refractory D
prostate D
cancer D
in O
combination O
with O
mitoxantrone T

standard O
treatment O
of O
sclc D
consists O
of O
platinum-based T
combination T
chemotherapy T
, O
with O
thoracic O
irradiation O
added O
for O
patients O
with O
limited-stage O
disease O

several O
newer O
chemotherapeutic T
drugs T
have O
recently O
been O
shown O
to O
have O
significant O
activity O
in O
patients O
with O
untreated D
or D
relapsed D
sclc D

we O
recently O
performed O
completion T
pneumonectomy T
of T
the T
left T
lung T
in O
a O
70-year-old O
man O
with O
hemophilia O
a O
, O
for O
squamous D
cell D
carcinoma D
in O
the O
residual O
left O
lung O

objective O
: O
several O
reports O
emphasize O
the O
importance O
of O
en-bloc T
resection T
as O
the O
optimal O
surgical O
treatment O
of O
lung D
cancer D
with O
chest O
wall O
invasion O

methods O
: O
between O
1981 O
and O
1998 O
, O
100 O
patients O
( O
90 O
male O
; O
ten O
female O
) O
, O
with O
a O
median O
age O
of O
60 O
years O
( O
36-84 O
) O
, O
underwent O
radical T
en-bloc T
resection T
of O
non-small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
nsclc D
) D
with O
chest O
wall O
involvement O

over O
the O
past O
17 O
years O
( O
1981 O
to O
1997 O
) O
, O
29 O
patients O
underwent O
complete T
pulmonary T
resection T
for O
primary D
lung D
cancer D
accompanied O
by O
satellite O
nodules O
in O
the O
same O
lobe O
as O
the O
primary O

of O
1 O
, O
042 O
patients O
with O
primary D
lung D
cancer D
who O
underwent O
resection T
from O
1982 O
to O
1995 O
, O
549 O
patients O
with O
adenocarcinoma O
( O
ad O
) O
and O
363 O
with O
squamous O
cell O
carcinoma O
( O
sq O
) O
were O
included O
in O
this O
study O

for O
small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
sclc D
) D
, O
which O
accounts O
for O
approximately O
20 O
% O
of O
cases O
of O
lung O
cancer O
, O
the O
primary O
treatment O
is O
chemotherapy T
and O
in O
the O
majority O
of O
cases O
the O
primary O
aim O
is O
to O
control O
the O
disease O
which O
generally O
would O
have O
spread O
beyond O
the O
lungs O
at O
the O
time O
of O
presentation O

a O
growing O
body O
of O
evidence O
suggests O
that O
postoperative T
irradiation T
for O
non-small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
may O
cause O
life-threatening O
toxicity O
and O
, O
when O
the O
risk O
of O
local-regional O
recurrence O
is O
low O
, O
the O
toxicity O
of O
irradiation O
may O
outweight O
the O
benefit O

as O
a O
best-case O
scenario O
, O
postoperative T
irradiation T
may O
improve O
the O
chance O
for O
long-term O
survival O
in O
patients O
with O
n2 D
tumors D

for O
patients O
with O
stage D
i D
or D
ii D
non-small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
nsclc D
) D
, O
surgical T
resection T
is O
considered O
the O
standard O
of O
care O

efforts O
at O
improving O
survival O
for O
early-stage D
nsclc D
patients O
have O
focused O
on O
the O
use O
of O
chemotherapy T
administered O
postoperatively O
( O
adjuvant O
) O
or O
preoperatively O
( O
neoadjuvant O
or O
induction O
) O
to O
eradicate O
micrometastatic D
disease D

chemotherapy T
administered O
before O
surgery O
or O
definitive O
irradiation O
has O
improved O
survival O
rates O
in O
patients O
with O
stage D
iii D
nsclc D

patients O
: O
patients O
with O
a O
single O
( O
n O
= O
2 O
, O
764 O
) O
and O
synchronous O
nsclc D
( O
n O
= O
85 O
) O
who O
underwent O
pulmonary T
resection T

background O
: O
prophylactic T
cranial T
irradiation T
halves O
the O
rate O
of O
brain O
metastases O
in O
patients O
with O
small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D

objectives O
: O
this O
study O
aims O
to O
test O
whether O
prophylactic T
cranial T
irradiation T
prolongs O
survival O
of O
patients O
with O
small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
in O
complete O
remission O

reviewer O
's O
conclusions O
: O
prophylactic T
cranial T
irradiation T
significantly O
improves O
survival O
and O
disease-free O
survival O
for O
patients O
with O
small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
in O
complete O
remission O

methods O
: O
non-small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
cells O
were O
treated O
with O
gemcitabine T
, O
harvested O
, O
and O
nuclear O
extracts O
analyzed O
for O
nf-kappab O
dna O
binding O
by O
electrophoretic O
mobility O
shift O
assays O

novel O
treatment O
strategies O
for O
patients O
with O
advanced D
nsclc D
may O
involve O
chemotherapy T
combined O
with O
inhibition O
of O
nf-kappab-dependent O
cell-survival O
pathways O

combination T
chemotherapy T
is O
the O
cornerstone O
of O
treatment O
that O
confers O
a O
meaningful O
survival O
benefit O
for O
patients O
with O
small-cell D
lung D
cancer D

in O
single-agent O
phase O
ii O
studies O
, O
irinotecan T
yielded O
response O
rates O
between O
16 O
% O
and O
47 O
% O
in O
patients O
with O
previously O
treated O
small-cell D
lung D
cancer D

a O
phase O
ii O
study O
of O
irinotecan T
in T
combination T
with T
cisplatin T
( T
platinol T
) T
resulted O
in O
a O
response O
rate O
of O
86 O
% O
and O
a O
median O
survival O
of O
13.0 O
months O
in O
patients O
with O
extensive-disease D
small-cell D
lung D
cancer D

based O
on O
these O
results O
, O
the O
irinotecan T
and T
cisplatin T
combination T
is O
a O
new O
standard O
regimen O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
extensive-disease D
small-cell D
lung D
cancer D

background O
: O
both O
gemcitabine T
and T
etoposide T
are O
active O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
small-cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
sclc D
) D
, O
and O
are O
characterised O
by O
mild O
toxicity O
profiles O

patients O
and O
methods O
: O
forty-two O
chemo-naive O
extensive O
disease O
sclc D
patients O
were O
enrolled O
to O
receive O
gemcitabine T
1000 O
mg/m2 O
, O
days O
1 O
, O
8 O
and O
15 O
, O
and O
etoposide T
80 O
mg/m2 O
, O
days O
8 O
, O
9 O
and O
10 O
of O
a O
28-day O
cycle O

background O
: O
to O
find O
the O
maximum O
tolerated O
dose O
for O
ifosfamide T
in T
combination T
with T
paclitaxel T
and T
carboplatin T
in O
small-cell D
lung D
cancer D
patients O
( O
sclc O
) O
, O
who O
are O
resistant O
to O
cyclophosphamide O
, O
doxorubicin O
and O
etoposide O
( O
cde O
) O

conclusions O
: O
the O
maximum O
tolerated O
dose O
of O
this O
combination O
for O
patients O
with O
resistant D
sclc D
is O
ifosfamide T
2000 O
mg/m2 O
in O
combination O
with O
paclitaxel T
175 O
mg/m2 O
and O
carboplatin T
auc O
6 O
mg/ml O
min O
administered O
on O
the O
first O
day O
of O
a O
21-day O
cycle O

many O
endobronchial T
treatment T
modalities T
are O
available O
to O
supplement O
traditional O
therapies O
for O
advanced D
lung D
cancer D

methods O
: O
the O
author O
reviews O
the O
use O
of O
several O
endobronchial T
treatment T
modalities T
that T
can T
augment T
standard T
antitumor T
therapies T
for O
advanced O
lung D
cancer D
, O
including O
rigid O
and O
flexible O
bronchoscopy O
, O
laser O
therapy O
, O
endobronchial O
prosthesis O
, O
and O
photodynamic O
therapy O

conclusions O
: O
endobronchial T
interventions T
are O
important O
adjuncts O
in O
the O
multimodality O
management O
of O
lung D
cancer D
and O
should O
become O
standard O
considerations O
in O
the O
management O
of O
patients O
with O
advanced O
lung O
cancer O

standard O
operations O
for O
lung D
cancer D
patients O
are O
generally O
accepted O
as O
performing O
lobectomy T
or T
pneumonectomy T
on O
the O
tumor O
baring O
lung O
and O
ipsilateral O
hilar O
and O
mediastinal O
lymphadenectomy O
including O
subcarinal O
lymph O
nodes O

small D
cell D
lung D
cancer D
is O
a O
frequently O
relapsing O
tumor O
despite O
a O
high O
rate O
of O
response O
after O
first-line O
chemotherapy T

for O
symptomatic D
metastases D
in D
bone D
or D
brain D
, O
radiotherapy T
usually O
gives O
temporary O
palliation O

for O
intrathoracic D
relapse D
and D
severe D
obstruction D
of D
main D
bronchus D
and/or D
superior D
caval D
vein D
, O
radiotherapy T
is O
a O
possibility O
if O
not O
given O
as O
part O
of O
first-line O
treatment O

tumor T
vaccines T
against O
gangliosides O
that O
are O
expressed O
on O
almost O
all O
human O
sclc D
cells O
have O
been O
recently O
developed O

an O
anti-idiotypic T
monoclonal T
antibody T
against O
the O
gd3 O
ganglioside O
, O
bec-2 O
, O
is O
being O
evaluated O
after O
chemotherapy O
in O
sclc D
patients O
in O
a O
european O
study O

the O
matrix T
metalloproteinase T
inhibitors T
marimastat T
and T
bms-275291 T
are O
under O
evaluation O
in O
sclc D

we O
attempted O
a O
new O
regimen O
of O
intermittent O
administration O
of O
5-fu T
and T
low-dose T
isovorin T
( T
f.i T
) T
to O
four O
patients O
with O
advanced O
and O
recurrent O
colon D
cancer D

purpose/objectives O
: O
to O
describe O
the O
relationship O
between O
fatigue O
and O
nutritional O
status O
in O
patients O
receiving O
radiation T
therapy T
for O
lung D
cancer D

sample O
: O
45 O
adults O
with O
primary O
cancer D
of D
the D
lung D
receiving O
< O
outpatient O
primary O
or O
adjuvant O
radiation T
therapy T

we O
present O
the O
case O
of O
a O
patient O
with O
metastatic D
transitional D
cell D
carcinoma D
of D
the D
bladder D
and D
renal D
failure D
who O
underwent O
successful O
systemic T
chemotherapy T
with T
paclitaxel T
and T
carboplatin T

background O
: O
the O
objective O
of O
this O
phase O
ii O
study O
was O
to O
evaluate O
the O
concept O
of O
sequential T
chemotherapy T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
patients O
with O
advanced D
nonsmall D
cell D
lung D
carcinoma D
( D
nsclc D
) D
by O
the O
administration O
of O
carboplatin T
plus T
gemcitabine T
followed T
by T
of T
paclitaxel T

conclusions O
: O
this O
study O
is O
the O
first O
to O
evaluate O
planned T
sequential T
chemotherapy T
in O
patients O
with O
nsclc D

patients O
who O
benefit O
from O
a O
surgical T
resection T
for O
non-small-cell D
lung D
cancer D
with O
aneuploid O
dna O
content O
prove O
to O
have O
a O
higher O
risk O
of O
death O

purpose O
: O
this O
randomized O
trial O
was O
designed O
to O
determine O
whether O
paclitaxel T
plus T
carboplatin T
( T
pc T
) T
offered O
a O
survival O
advantage O
over O
vinorelbine T
plus T
cisplatin T
( T
vc T
) T
for O
patients O
with O
advanced D
non D
-- D
small-cell D
lung D
cancer D

conclusion O
: O
pc T
is O
equally O
efficacious O
as O
vc T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
advanced D
non D
-- D
small-cell D
lung D
cancer D

purpose O
: O
a O
prospective O
randomized O
trial O
in O
small-cell O
lung O
cancer O
( O
sclc O
) O
was O
performed O
to O
determine O
if O
intensification O
of O
the O
platinum O
dose O
by O
giving O
cisplatin T
and T
carboplatin T
in O
combination O
to O
patients O
with O
sclc D
yields O
higher O
response O
rates O
and O
survival O
, O
than O
carboplatin T
alone T
in T
a T
combination T
chemotherapy T
regimen T

conclusions O
: O
the O
intensification T
of T
platinum T
dose T
( T
cisplatin T
plus T
carboplatin T
) T
in T
combination T
chemotherapy T
significantly O
increased O
the O
complete O
response O
rate O
, O
overall O
survival O
and O
number O
of O
two-year O
survivors O
among O
sclc D
patients O
with O
limited O
disease O
compared O
to O
combination T
therapy T
with T
carboplatin T
alone T
, O
suggesting O
that O
a O
more O
aggressive O
treatment O
to O
this O
category O
of O
patients O
is O
worthwhile O
, O
while O
no O
difference O
in O
treatment O
outcome O
was O
observed O
for O
patients O
with O
extensive O
disease O

the O
aim O
of O
this O
study O
was O
to O
investigate O
the O
relationships O
among O
technetium-99m O
tetrofosmin O
( O
tc-tf O
) O
accumulation O
in O
untreated O
small O
cell O
lung O
cancer O
( O
sclc O
) O
, O
the O
expression O
of O
p-glycoprotein O
( O
pgp O
) O
and O
multidrug O
resistance O
related O
protein-1 O
( O
mrp1 O
) O
, O
and O
the O
response O
to O
chemotherapy T
in O
patients O
with O
untreated D
sclc D

tc-tf O
chest O
scintigraphy O
correlated O
well O
with O
pgp O
or O
mrp1 O
expression O
and O
accurately O
predicted O
the O
response O
to O
chemotherapy T
in O
patients O
with O
sclc D

exploratory T
interventions T
, T
partial T
tumor T
resections T
and T
lung T
resections T
for O
metastasis D
were O
more O
frequently O
performed O
in O
young O
patients O
than O
in O
older O
patients O

in O
the O
present O
report O
, O
we O
reviewed O
articles O
on O
pulmonary T
angiography T
for O
patients O
with O
pulmonary D
hypertension D

prophylactic T
cranial T
irradiation T
( T
pci T
) T
has O
been O
demonstrated O
to O
significantly O
reduce O
the O
incidence O
of O
brain O
relapse O
from O
limited D
disease D
small-cell D
lung D
cancer D
( D
ld D
sclc D
) D
, O
but O
concerns O
about O
neurologic O
toxicity O
remain O

thus O
, O
twice-daily O
pci T
should O
be O
considered O
for O
patients O
with O
ld D
sclc D
who O
achieve O
a O
complete O
response O
to O
chemoirradiation O

animal O
studies O
suggest O
that O
the O
kidney O
is O
involved O
in O
the O
elimination O
of O
recombinant T
human T
granulocyte T
colony-stimulating T
factor T
( T
rhg-csf T
) T
, O
which O
is O
used O
for O
patients O
with O
neutropenia D
during O
cancer D
chemotherapy T

amifostine T
( T
wr-2721 T
) T
is O
a O
cytoprotective O
agent O
that O
protects O
a O
broad O
range O
of O
normal O
tissues O
from O
the O
toxic D
effects D
of D
chemotherapy D
and D
radiotherapy D
without O
attenuating O
tumour O
response O

in O
a O
pivotal O
phase O
iii O
trial O
, O
242 O
patients O
with O
advanced D
ovarian D
cancer D
were O
randomised O
to O
receive O
treatment O
with O
cisplatin T
100 O
mg/m2 O
and O
cyclophosphamide T
1000 O
mg/m2 O
every O
3 O
weeks O
with O
or O
without O
pretreatment O
with O
intravenous O
amifostine O
910 O
mg/m2 O

over O
6 O
cycles O
of O
therapy O
, O
amifostine T
significantly O
reduced O
haematological D
, D
renal D
and D
neurological D
toxicities D
: O
treatment O
delays O
, O
treatment O
discontinuation O
and O
days O
in O
hospital O
related O
to O
these O
adverse O
events O
were O
also O
significantly O
reduced O
in O
patients O
receiving O
amifostine O
versus O
patients O
receiving O
chemotherapy O
alone O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
in O
another O
randomised O
phase O
iii O
trial O
in O
303 O
patients O
with O
head D
and D
neck D
cancer D
undergoing O
irradiation T
therapy T
( O
total O
dose O
50 O
to O
70gy O
) O
, O
pretreatment O
with O
intravenous O
amifostine T
200 O
mg/m2 O
significantly O
reduced O
the O
incidence O
of O
acute O
and O
late O
grade O
> O
or O
=2 O
xerostomia D

amifostine T
( O
340 O
mg/m2 O
) O
also O
provided O
significant O
protection O
against O
pneumonitis D
and D
oesophagitis D
in O
patients O
with O
lung D
cancer D
receiving O
thoracic T
irradiation T
in O
a O
preliminary O
report O
from O
a O
phase O
iii O
trial O
( O
n O
= O
144 O
) O

amifostine T
has O
also O
been O
shown O
to O
stimulate O
haematopoietic O
stem O
cells O
and O
has O
been O
investigated O
as O
a O
therapy O
for O
patients O
with O
myelodysplastic D
syndrome D
in O
number O
of O
small O
preliminary O
studies O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
conclusion O
: O
the O
results O
of O
phase O
iii O
trials O
have O
confirmed O
the O
safety O
and O
efficacy O
of O
amifostine T
as O
a O
cytoprotectant O
to O
ameliorate O
cisplatin-induced D
cumulative D
renal D
toxicity D
, O
for O
which O
it O
is O
the O
only O
agent O
proven O
to O
be O
effective O
, O
and O
neutropenia D
in O
patients O
with O
advanced O
ovarian O
cancer O
, O
and O
to O
reduce O
xerostomia D
in O
patients O
with O
head D
and D
neck D
cancer D
receiving O
irradiation T
therapy T

depending O
on O
the O
outcome O
of O
numerous O
ongoing O
clinical O
trials O
, O
amifostine T
may O
eventually O
find O
broader O
clinical O
applications O
, O
both O
as O
a O
cytoprotectant O
and O
as O
a O
potential O
therapy O
in O
myelodysplastic D
syndrome D

to O
perform O
a O
curative O
operation O
for O
the O
lung D
cancer D
without O
myocardial O
infarction O
, O
minimally T
invasive T
direct T
coronary T
artery T
bypass T
and T
left T
lower T
lobectomy T
with T
video-endoscopic T
assistance T
were O
performed O
simultaneously O

A O
review O
of O
the O
fetal-maternal O
carboxyhemoglobin O
relationships O
and O
the O
differences O
in O
fetal O
oxyhemoglobin O
physiology O
are O
used O
to O
explain O
the O
recommendation O
that O
pregnant O
women O
with O
carbon D
monoxide D
poisoning D
should O
receive O
100 O
% O
oxygen T
therapy T
for O
up O
to O
five O
times O
longer O
than O
is O
otherwise O
necessary O

The O
authors O
describe O
the O
case O
of O
a O
child O
with O
status D
epilepticus D
in O
whom O
phenytoin T
was O
administered O
via O
the O
intraosseous O
route O
, O
and O
seizure O
resolution O
and O
therapeutic O
serum O
levels O
were O
achieved O

A O
patient O
suffering O
baclofen D
overdose D
successfully O
treated O
with O
atropine T
is O
reported O

Atropine T
appears O
to O
be O
useful O
in O
treating O
cases O
of O
baclofen D
overdose D
complicated O
by O
bradycardia O
and O
hypotension O

Therapeutic O
effect O
of O
a O
left T
ventricular T
assist T
device T
on O
acute D
myocardial D
infarction D
evaluated O
by O
magnetic O
resonance O
imaging O

Continuous T
arteriovenous T
hemofiltration T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
anasarca D
and D
acute D
renal D
failure D
in O
severely O
burned O
patients O

Continuous T
renal T
replacement T
therapy T
in O
patients O
with O
acute D
renal D
dysfunction D
undergoing O
intraaortic O
balloon O
pump O
and/or O
left O
ventricular O
device O
support O

Continuous T
arterio-venous T
hemofiltration T
in O
a O
wearable O
device O
to O
treat O
end-stage D
renal D
disease D

The O
effectiveness O
of O
neostigmine T
0.07 T
mg T
kg-1 T
and T
edrophonium T
0.8 O
mg O
kg-1 O
as O
antagonists O
of O
profound D
neuromuscular D
blockade D
induced O
by O
vecuronium O
0.1 O
mg O
kg-1 O
or O
atracurium O
0.5 O
mg O
kg-1 O
was O
studied O
in O
59 O
healthy O
patients O

Antagonism O
of O
atracurium-induced O
neuromuscular D
blockade D
by O
neostigmine T
or T
edrophonium T
has O
been O
studied O
using O
the O
tetanic O
( O
50 O
Hz O
) O
and O
train-of-four O
( O
2 O
Hz O
) O
or O
single O
twitch O
responses O
of O
the O
adductor O
pollicis O
muscle O
in O
22 O
anaesthetized O
patients O

Active T
forms T
of T
vitamin T
D3 T
, T
1 T
alpha-hydroxyvitamin T
D3 T
and T
1 T
alpha T
, T
25-dihydroxyvitamin T
D3 T
, O
were O
administered O
in O
an O
open-design O
study O
to O
40 O
patients O
with O
psoriasis D
vulgaris D
in O
three O
ways O
: O
to O
17 O
patients O
1 O
alpha-hydroxyvitamin O
D3 O
was O
given O
orally O
at O
a O
dose O
of O
1.0 O
micrograms/day O
for O
6 O
months O
, O
to O
four O
patients O
1 O
alpha O
, O
25-dihydroxyvitamin O
D3 O
was O
given O
orally O
at O
a O
dose O
of O
0.5 O
microgram/day O
for O
6 O
months O
, O
and O
19 O
patients O
were O
given O
1 O
alpha O
, O
25-dihydroxyvitamin O
D3 O
applied O
topically O
at O
concentration O
of O
0.5 O
microgram/g O
of O
base O
for O
8 O
weeks O

These O
data O
suggest O
that O
psoriasis D
may O
respond O
to O
active T
metabolites T
of T
vitamin T
D3 T
and O
that O
abnormalities O
in O
vitamin O
D O
metabolism O
or O
in O
responsiveness O
of O
the O
skin O
cells O
to O
active O
metabolites O
of O
vitamin O
D O
may O
be O
involved O
in O
the O
pathogenesis O
of O
this O
skin O
disease O

Successful O
treatment O
of O
psoriasis D
with O
topical O
application O
of O
active T
vitamin T
D3 T
analogue T
, T
1 T
alpha T
, T
24-dihydroxycholecalciferol T

We O
suggest O
that O
1 T
alpha T
, T
24 T
( T
OH T
) T
2D3 T
merits O
further O
investigation O
as O
a O
potentially O
useful O
topical O
therapy O
for O
psoriasis D

When O
indomethacin T
was O
applied O
immediately O
after O
irradiation O
, O
UVR O
( O
ultraviolet O
radiation O
) O
dose-dependent O
suppression O
of O
erythema D
was O
demonstrated O
for O
both O
wavelengths O
until O
36 O
h O
after O
irradiation O
when O
both O
indomethacin O
and O
control O
gel O
base-treated O
sites O
were O
equally O
erythematous O

Suppression O
of O
erythema D
also O
occurred O
when O
application O
of O
indomethacin T
was O
delayed O
until O
24 O
h O
after O
irradiation O
, O
showing O
that O
for O
both O
wavelengths O
prostaglandin O
synthesis O
remains O
increased O
throughout O
this O
period O

There O
was O
one O
retinal O
dialysis O
, O
and O
one O
lens D
dislocation D
requiring O
extraction T

Rates O
of O
superoxide O
( O
SA O
) O
generation O
by O
blood O
monocytes O
stimulated O
ex O
vivo O
were O
studied O
before O
and O
during O
corticosteroid T
treatment O
of O
rheumatoid D
arthritis D
( D
RA D
) D
patients O
, O
in O
control O
patients O
and O
in O
healthy O
controls O

Significant O
inhibition O
of O
monocyte O
SA O
output O
stimulated O
with O
IgG-treated O
zymosan O
( O
ITZ O
) O
and O
fluoride O
ion O
( O
F O
) O
, O
but O
not O
serum-treated O
zymosan O
( O
STZ O
) O
was O
demonstrated O
following O
steroid T
therapy T
in O
RA D

Methotrexate T
( T
MTX T
) T
appears O
to O
be O
useful O
in O
patients O
with O
rheumatoid D
arthritis D
( D
RA D
) D
refractory O
to O
other O
drugs O
but O
its O
long-term O
toxicity O
and O
efficacy O
are O
uncertain O

MTX T
in O
a O
low-dose O
regimen O
is O
useful O
in O
refractory D
RA D
and O
superior O
to O
low-dose O
purine O
analogues O

Twelve O
patients O
with O
intractable D
rheumatoid D
arthritis D
were O
treated O
with O
antilymphocyte T
globulin T
( T
ALG T
) T
, T
prednisolone T
and T
a T
cytotoxic T
agent T
, T
usually T
azathioprine T
, O
and O
were O
followed O
for O
1 O
year O

Rigid T
ureteroscopy T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
ureteric D
calculi D
: O
experience O
in O
120 O
cases O

Over O
a O
1-year O
period O
, O
rigid T
ureteroscopy T
has O
been O
used O
to O
retrieve O
ureteric D
calculi D
in O
120 O
patients O

Eleven O
patients O
with O
vesicoureteric D
reflux D
secondary O
to O
neuropathic O
bladder O
were O
treated O
by O
endoscopic T
injection T
of T
pyrolised T
polytetrafluoroethylene T
( T
Polytef T
) T
paste T

Two O
hundred O
and O
seventy-seven O
patients O
with O
advanced D
prostatic D
cancer D
were O
treated O
by O
either O
orchiectomy T
or T
oestrogen T

Use O
of O
scarred O
flaps O
and O
secondary O
flaps O
for O
reconstructive T
surgery T
of O
extensive D
burns D

A O
patient O
with O
a O
vesico-enteric D
fistula D
was O
successfully O
treated O
with O
resection T
of T
the T
small T
intestine T
and T
dome T
of T
the T
bladder T
and T
drainage T
of T
the T
intervening T
abscess T

Supramaximal T
horizontal T
rectus T
surgery T
in O
the O
management O
of O
third D
and D
sixth D
nerve D
palsy D

Supramaximal T
medial T
and T
lateral T
rectus T
surgery T
was O
performed O
to O
correct O
horizontal D
deviations D
in D
seven D
cases D
of D
sixth D
nerve D
palsy D
and D
three D
cases D
of D
third D
nerve D
palsy D
, O
with O
satisfactory O
results O
in O
most O
cases O

Steroid T
therapy T
was O
also O
used O
in O
two O
patients O
with O
NSAID-induced D
proteinuria D

Recombinant T
leukocyte T
A T
interferon T
( T
rIFN-alpha T
A T
) T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
disseminated D
malignant D
melanoma D

Ninety-six O
patients O
with O
disseminated D
malignant D
melanoma D
received O
thrice O
weekly O
intramuscular O
injections O
of O
leukocyte T
A T
recombinant T
interferon T
( T
rIFN-alpha T
A T
, T
Roferon-A T
, T
Hoffmann T
La T
Roche T
) T
at O
doses O
of O
12 O
X O
10 O
( O
6 O
) O
U/m2 O
or O
50 O
X O
10 O
( O
6 O
) O
U/m2 O
with O
or O
without O
cimetidine O
as O
an O
immunorestorative O
agent O

As O
noted O
previously O
, O
using O
chemotherapy O
, O
a O
small O
proportion O
of O
patients O
with O
advanced D
malignant D
melanoma D
, O
despite O
prior O
therapy O
, O
may O
achieve O
prolonged O
objective O
regression O
with O
rIFN-alpha T
A T

Clinical O
course O
of O
breast O
cancer O
patients O
with O
osseous D
metastasis D
treated O
with O
combination T
chemotherapy T

Between O
July O
1973 O
and O
December O
1979 O
, O
1171 O
patients O
with O
metastatic D
breast D
cancer D
were O
treated O
with O
doxorubicin-containing T
chemotherapy T

Two O
patients O
with O
metastatic D
dysgerminoma D
of D
the D
ovary D
were O
treated O
with O
a T
combination T
of T
etoposide T
, T
bleomycin T
, T
and T
cisplatin T
at O
The O
University O
of O
Texas O
M.D O

Chemotherapy T
may O
be O
an O
alternative O
to O
radiotherapy O
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
metastatic D
dysgerminoma D
and O
should O
also O
be O
considered O
for O
selected O
patients O
with O
Stage O
I O
disease O

Long-term O
survival O
and O
morbidity O
in O
patients O
with O
metastatic D
malignant D
germ D
cell D
tumors D
treated O
with O
cisplatin-based T
combination T
chemotherapy T

Treatment O
of O
advanced D
stage D
mycosis D
fungoides D
with O
bleomycin T
, T
doxorubicin T
, T
and T
methotrexate T
with T
topical T
nitrogen T
mustard T
( T
BAM-M T
) T

Ten O
patients O
with O
advanced D
stage D
( D
TNM D
IIB-IVB D
) D
mycosis D
fungoides D
were O
treated O
with O
a O
combination T
chemotherapy T
program T
consisting T
of T
bleomycin T
and T
methotrexate T
weekly T
, T
doxorubicin T
every T
3 T
weeks T
, T
and T
topical T
nitrogen T
mustard T
daily T
( T
BAM-M T
) T

Three O
patients O
in O
whom O
splenomegaly D
was O
detected O
during O
their O
staging O
evaluation O
underwent O
splenectomy T

This O
study O
indicates O
that O
BAM-M T
is O
effective O
therapy O
for O
advanced D
stage D
mycosis D
fungoides D
and O
suggests O
that O
the O
therapeutic O
role O
of O
splenectomy O
should O
be O
evaluated O
further O

Only O
patients O
whose O
primary D
head D
and D
neck D
tumor D
shows O
a O
response O
to O
systemic O
therapy O
undergo O
Ommaya T
placement T

Additional O
chemotherapy T
may O
thus O
have O
eradicated O
these O
micrometastases D
in O
the O
older O
children O
, O
since O
the O
age O
influence O
on O
Stage O
II O
disease O
disappeared O
when O
multimodal O
treatment O
was O
given O
in O
this O
study O

Traditional O
therapy O
for O
malignant D
pleural D
effusions D
includes O
thoracentesis T
or T
tube T
drainage T
with O
instillation O
of O
irritants O
to O
achieve O
pleurodesis O

We O
feel O
that O
pleuroperitoneal T
shunting T
is O
a O
valid O
new O
method O
for O
treatment O
of O
malignant D
pleural D
effusions D
which O
can O
effectively O
palliate O
respiratory O
symptoms O
with O
low O
morbidity O

When O
right D
ventricular D
failure D
prohibits O
separation O
from O
cardiopulmonary O
bypass O
, O
standard T
methods T
of T
increasing T
pulmonary T
blood T
flow T
should O
be O
employed O
, O
including O
correction O
of O
hypoxia O
and O
acidosis O
, O
volume O
loading O
, O
and O
inotropic O
support O
of O
the O
right O
ventricle O

For O
refractory D
right D
ventricular D
failure D
following O
the O
surgical O
repair O
of O
congenital O
cardiac O
defects O
in O
which O
the O
placement O
of O
right O
atrial O
and O
pulmonary O
artery O
cannulae O
is O
not O
technically O
feasible O
, O
use T
of T
high-frequency T
high-volume T
ventilation T
appears O
to O
be O
quite O
promising O

Current O
results O
suggest O
that O
RHBP T
remains O
the O
gold O
standard O
for O
severe D
RV D
failure D
, O
but O
further O
clinical O
experience O
with O
PABC O
may O
more O
clearly O
define O
its O
role O
in O
the O
management O
of O
RV O
failure O

Guiding O
surgical T
therapy T
of O
ventricular D
tachycardia D
by O
preoperative O
endocardial O
catheter O
mapping O
necessitates O
improvement O
of O
the O
accuracy O
of O
localization O
of O
the O
arrhythmogenic O
site O

However O
, O
the O
results O
of O
this O
study O
indicate O
that O
procainamide T
may O
be O
effective O
in O
suppressing O
the O
induction O
of O
sustained O
ventricular D
tachycardia D
at O
a O
relatively O
low O
plasma O
concentration O
, O
but O
not O
at O
a O
higher O
plasma O
concentration O

Coronary T
angioplasty T
for O
early D
postinfarction D
unstable D
angina D

Coronary T
angioplasty T
was O
performed O
in O
53 O
patients O
in O
whom O
unstable D
angina D
had O
reoccurred O
after O
48 O
hr O
and O
within O
30 O
days O
after O
sustained O
myocardial O
infarction O

At O
6 O
months O
follow-up O
26 O
% O
( O
14/53 O
) O
of O
all O
the O
patients O
who O
underwent O
angioplasty T
had O
recurrence O
of O
angina D
, O
which O
was O
successfully O
treated O
with O
repeat T
angioplasty T
, T
bypass T
surgery T
, T
or T
medical T
therapy T

Coronary D
dissection D
and D
total D
coronary D
occlusion D
leading O
to O
emergency T
coronary T
surgery T
are O
the O
most O
frequent O
complications O
of O
percutaneous O
transluminal O
coronary O
angioplasty O
( O
PTCA O
) O
and O
their O
occurrence O
usually O
is O
unpredictable O

Effect O
of O
zanamivir T
on O
duration O
and O
resolution O
of O
influenza D
symptoms O

A O
comparison O
of O
a O
five-day O
regimen O
of O
cefdinir T
with O
a O
seven-day O
regimen O
of O
loracarbef T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
acute O
exacerbations O
of O
chronic D
bronchitis D

Initial O
empiric O
therapy O
for O
community-acquired O
bacterial D
meningitis D
should O
be O
based O
on O
the O
possibility O
that O
penicillin-resistant O
pneumococci O
may O
be O
the O
etiologic O
organisms O
and O
, O
hence O
, O
should O
include O
a O
combination O
of O
third-generation O
cephalosporin T
( T
cefotaxime T
or T
ceftriaxone T
) T
and T
vancomycin T

Ampicillin T
should O
be O
included O
if O
the O
patient O
has O
predisposing O
factors O
that O
are O
associated O
with O
a O
risk O
for O
infection D
with D
Listeria D
monocytogenes D

Results O
of O
clinical O
trials O
and O
meta-analysis O
suggest O
that O
dexamethasone T
therapy T
improves O
the O
outcome O
for O
patients O
with O
bacterial D
meningitis D

Placebo-controlled O
trials O
have O
shown O
that O
vitamin T
C T
supplementation O
decreases O
the O
duration O
and O
severity O
of O
common D
cold D
infections D

Since O
few O
trials O
have O
examined O
the O
effects O
of O
therapeutic O
supplementation O
and O
their O
results O
have O
been O
variable O
, O
further O
therapeutic O
trials O
are O
required O
to O
examine O
the O
role O
of O
vitamin T
C T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
colds D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Progressive D
multifocal D
leukoencephalopathy D
following O
oral T
fludarabine T
treatment O
of O
chronic D
lymphocytic D
leukemia D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
PURPOSE O
: O
To O
review O
reported O
inflammatory D
reactions D
occurring O
after O
initiation O
of O
highly O
active O
antiretroviral T
therapy T
( T
HAART T
) T
in O
persons O
infected O
with O
HIV-1 D
and O
to O
explore O
the O
mechanisms O
leading O
to O
these O
reactions O

Levofloxacin T
versus T
intravenous T
ceftriaxone T
and T
amoxicillin/clavulanate T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
community-acquired O
pneumonia D
that O
require O
hospitalization O

Overall O
1 O
year O
survival O
( O
operative O
deaths O
excluded O
) O
was O
68 O
% O
after O
tumor D
resection T
compared O
to O
31 O
% O
after O
palliative O
surgery O
( O
P O
< O
0.001 O
) O

The O
results O
of O
this O
study O
show O
that O
resection T
of O
extrahepatic D
bile D
duct D
carcinomas D
, O
particularly O
in O
an O
upper-third O
localization O
, O
is O
often O
associated O
with O
worthwhile O
long-term O
survival O

Background O
: O
N-acetylcysteine T
( T
NAC T
) T
and T
ambroxol T
( T
AMB T
) T
have O
recently O
been O
proposed O
as O
possible O
therapeutic O
agents O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
pulmonary D
disorders D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Postoperative O
alkaline D
reflux D
after O
total T
gastrectomy T
for O
stomach D
cancer D

Antimicrobial T
therapy T
for O
respiratory D
disease D

Corticosteroids T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
croup D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
BACKGROUND O
: O
In O
the O
present O
study O
we O
investigated O
the O
efficacy O
and O
tolerability O
of O
i.m T
. T
octreotide T
acetate T
( T
octreotide T
LAR T
) T
in O
patients O
with O
metastatic D
neuroendocrine D
tumors D
( D
NETs D
) D
previously O
treated O
and O
failed O
on O
i.m T
. T
lanreotide T

The O
PR O
was O
observed O
in O
one O
patient O
with O
non-functioning D
endocrine D
pancreatic D
tumor D
with D
progressive D
liver D
and D
lymph D
node D
metastases D
after O
16 O
months O
of O
i.m T
. T
lanreotide T
therapy T

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Octreotide T
LAR T
20 O
mg O
shows O
significant O
efficacy O
in O
terms O
of O
objective O
response O
rate O
( O
PR O
+ O
SD O
) O
, O
biochemical O
and O
symptomatic O
control O
in O
patients O
with O
metastatic D
NETs D
of O
the O
GEP O
system O
pretreated O
and O
progressing O
on O
slow O
release O
lanreotide O

Inchinko-to T
( T
TJ-135 T
) T
is O
a O
herbal O
medicine O
consisting O
of O
three O
kinds O
of O
crude O
drugs O
, O
and O
in O
Japan O
it O
is O
administered O
mainly O
to O
patients O
with O
cholestasis D

The O
present O
study O
evaluated O
the O
effects O
of O
TJ-135 T
on O
concanavalin D
A D
( D
con D
A D
) D
-induced D
hepatitis D
in O
mice O
in O
vivo O
and O
con O
A-induced O
cytokine O
production O
in O
vitro O

These O
results O
suggest O
that O
con D
A-induced D
hepatitis D
was O
ameliorated O
by O
pretreatment O
with O
TJ-135 T

Therefore O
administration O
of O
TJ-135 T
may O
be O
useful O
in O
patients O
with O
severe O
acute O
hepatitis D
accompanying D
cholestasis D
or O
in O
those O
with O
autoimmune D
hepatitis D

Zinc T
lozenges T
-- O
a O
cure O
for O
common D
colds D
? O

T-helper T
type T
2 T
cell-directed T
therapy T
for O
asthma D

Effects O
of O
the O
Japanese T
herbal T
medicine T
'Inchinko-to T
' T
( T
TJ-135 T
) T
on O
concanavalin D
A-induced D
hepatitis D
in O
mice O

Presumed O
cavernomas O
have O
been O
documented O
following O
radiation T
for O
malignancy D
( O
5-6 O
) O
, O
and O
sterotactic O
cerebral O
biopsy O
( O
7 O
) O

Surgical T
management T
of O
syringomyelia D
associated D
with D
spinal D
adhesive D
arachnoiditis D

Discontinuation O
of O
secondary O
prophylaxis O
for O
cryptococcal D
meningitis D
in O
HIV-infected O
patients O
responding O
to O
highly O
active O
antiretroviral T
therapy T

Hepatectomy T
for O
cholangiocarcinoma D
complicated O
with O
right O
umbilical O
portion O
: O
anomalous O
configuration O
of O
the O
intrahepatic O
biliary O
tree O

Traditionally O
, O
the O
therapy O
of O
symptomatic D
bronchiectasis D
is O
based O
on O
antibiotics T
, T
antibronchoobstructive T
medication T
, T
and T
chest T
physical T
therapy T

Bilateral T
lung T
transplantation T
should O
be O
considered O
in O
younger O
patients O
with O
severe O
, O
generalized O
bronchiectasis D
and D
respiratory D
failure D

Prospective O
, O
randomized O
, O
largescale O
trials O
supporting O
any O
of O
the O
different O
treatment O
strategies O
are O
not O
available O
, O
but O
antibiotics T
and T
surgery T
probably O
have O
improved O
the O
long-term O
outcome O
of O
many O
patients O
with O
bronchiectasis D

OBJECTIVES O
: O
Interest O
in O
zinc T
as O
a O
treatment O
for O
the O
common D
cold D
has O
grown O
following O
the O
recent O
publication O
of O
several O
controlled O
trials O

The O
objective O
of O
this O
review O
was O
to O
assess O
the O
effects O
of O
zinc T
lozenges T
for O
cold D
symptoms D

Results O
from O
two O
trials O
( O
04 O
- O
Mossad O
; O
08 O
- O
Smith O
) O
suggested O
zinc T
lozenges T
reduced O
the O
severity O
and O
duration O
of O
cold D
symptoms D

Given O
the O
potential O
for O
treatment O
to O
produce O
side O
effects O
, O
the O
use O
of O
zinc T
lozenges T
to O
treat O
cold D
symptoms D
deserves O
further O
study O

Randomized O
trial O
of O
interferon-alpha T
plus T
ursodeoxycholic T
acid T
versus O
interferon T
plus T
placebo T
in O
patients O
with O
chronic D
hepatitis D
C D
resistant D
to D
interferon D

We O
describe O
a O
rare O
case O
of O
spontaneous D
rupture D
of D
a D
hepatic D
metastasis D
from D
renal D
cell D
carcinoma D
that O
was O
treated O
successfully O
by O
hepatic T
arterial T
embolization T

A O
65-year-old O
woman O
, O
who O
had O
been O
undergoing O
immunotherapy T
for O
inoperably D
disseminated D
renal D
carcinoma D
and D
lung D
metastases D
, O
presented O
with O
severe O
abdominal O
pain O
in O
a O
state O
of O
hypovolemic O
shock O

Although O
hepatic O
rupture O
due O
to O
metastatic O
cancer O
is O
extremely O
rare O
, O
transcatheter T
arterial T
embolization T
( T
TAE T
) T
is O
an O
appropriate O
and O
useful O
treatment O
for O
massive D
hemorrhage D
caused D
by D
spontaneous D
rupture D
of D
liver D
metastasis D

Patients O
with O
classical O
symptoms O
such O
as O
heartburn D
and D
regurgitation D
may O
be O
treated O
pharmaceutically T
combined T
with T
life T
style T
counselling T

Surgical T
treatment T
is O
a O
good O
alternative O
for O
patients O
with O
persistent D
severe D
regurgitation D
during O
medical O
therapy O
and O
for O
young O
patients O
who O
prefer O
surgery O
to O
lifelong O
medication O

The O
surgical T
treatment T
of O
lung D
lacerations D
and D
major D
bronchial D
disruptions D
caused O
by O
blunt O
thoracic O
trauma O

BACKGROUND O
: O
An O
increasing O
number O
of O
reports O
indicate O
symptomatic O
relief O
of O
biliary O
colic O
symptoms O
after O
cholecystectomy T
for O
biliary D
dyskinesia D

Despite O
this O
, O
cholecystectomy T
as O
a O
treatment O
for O
biliary D
dyskinesia D
remains O
controversial O

Our O
aim O
was O
to O
determine O
efficacy O
of O
cholecystectomy T
in O
alleviating O
biliary D
dyskinesia D
symptoms D
and O
the O
correlation O
with O
histologic O
findings O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Biliary D
dyskinesia D
patients O
who O
underwent O
cholecystectomy T
had O
significantly O
greater O
symptom O
improvement O
compared O
with O
nonsurgical O
patients O

Cholecystectomy T
should O
be O
a O
first-line O
therapy O
for O
biliary D
dyskinesia D
patients O

Transbronchial O
biopsy O
revealed O
inflammatory D
nonspecific D
alveolar D
lesions D
suggestive D
of D
bronchiolitis D
obliterans D
organizing D
pneumonia D
, O
which O
responded O
well O
clinically O
and O
radiologically O
to O
oral T
corticosteroids T

Novel O
treatment O
strategies O
for O
patients O
with O
advanced D
NSCLC D
may O
involve O
chemotherapy T
combined O
with O
inhibition O
of O
NF-kappaB-dependent O
cell-survival O
pathways O

Effectiveness O
of O
pseudoephedrine T
plus T
acetaminophen T
for O
treatment O
of O
symptoms O
attributed O
to O
the O
paranasal O
sinuses O
associated O
with O
the O
common D
cold D

OBJECTIVE O
: O
This O
retrospective O
study O
was O
designed O
to O
confirm O
that O
aggressive T
pulmonary T
resection T
can O
provide O
effective O
long-term O
palliation O
of O
disease O
for O
patients O
with O
pulmonary D
aspergilloma D

METHODS O
AND O
RESULTS O
: O
From O
1959 O
to O
1998 O
, O
84 O
patients O
underwent O
a O
total O
of O
90 O
operations T
for O
treatment O
of O
pulmonary D
aspergilloma D
in O
the O
Marie-Lannelongue O
Hospital O

The O
lesion D
was O
resected O
by O
video-assisted T
thoracoscopic T
surgery T
because O
it O
was O
suspected O
of O
being O
a O
lung O
abscess O
that O
had O
caused O
repeated O
episodes O
of O
inflammation O

In O
this O
study O
, O
we O
investigated O
the O
expression O
and O
therapeutic O
potential O
of O
TRAIL T
in O
cholangiocarcinoma D
, O
one O
of O
the O
most O
devastating O
human O
hepatic O
malignancies O

Finally O
, O
in O
vivo O
administration O
of O
recombinant O
TRAIL T
substantially O
inhibited O
subcutaneous O
tumor O
growth O
of O
human O
cholangiocarcinoma D
cells O

Induction O
of O
apoptosis O
in O
tumor O
cells O
is O
possible O
with O
a O
biologically O
active O
TRAIL T
, O
and O
suggests O
that O
this O
cytokine O
is O
a O
promising O
antitumor O
agent O
against O
human D
cholangiocarcinoma D

Interferon T
plays O
a O
critical O
role O
in O
the O
host O
's O
natural O
defense O
against O
viral D
infections D
and O
in O
their O
treatment O

This O
study O
investigated O
whether O
intensive O
chemotherapy T
might O
have O
a O
positive O
effect O
on O
asthma D
in O
these O
special O
cases O
and O
whether O
asthma O
generally O
relapses O
after O
completion O
of O
chemotherapy O

The O
authors O
monitored O
clinical O
outcome O
and O
lung O
function O
of O
43 O
children O
with O
acute D
lymphoblastic D
leukemia D
and D
non-Hodgkin D
lymphoma D
who O
received O
chemotherapy T
at O
the O
University O
Children O
's O
Hospital O
of O
Greifswald O
between O
1993 O
and O
1998 O

She O
was O
diagnosed O
as O
miliary D
tuberculosis D
and O
treated O
with O
antituberculous T
drugs T

The O
hemorrhage D
was O
successfully O
stopped O
by O
microcoil T
embolization T

Immunomodulatory O
effects O
of O
acupuncture T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
allergic D
asthma D
: O
a O
randomized O
controlled O
study O

An O
open-label O
study O
of O
lamivudine T
for O
chronic D
hepatitis D
B D
in O
six O
patients O
with O
chronic O
renal O
failure O
before O
and O
after O
kidney O
transplantation O

CONCLUSION O
: O
The O
WDTA O
is O
an O
intrinsically O
motivating O
educational O
program O
that O
has O
the O
ability O
to O
effect O
determinants O
of O
asthma D
self-management T
behavior O
in O
9- O
to O
13-year-old O
children O
with O
asthma O

Usefulness O
of O
percutaneous T
transhepatic T
biliary T
drainage T
in O
patients O
with O
surgical D
jaundice D
-- O
a O
prospective O
randomised O
study O

Neutralization O
of O
hepatitis D
A D
virus D
( D
HAV D
) D
by O
an O
immunoadhesin T
containing T
the T
cysteine-rich T
region T
of T
HAV T
cellular T
receptor-1 T

To O
ascertain O
the O
results O
of O
standard T
ABVD T
chemotherapy T
( T
doxorubicin T
, T
bleomycin T
, T
vinblastine T
, T
dacarbazine T
) T
in O
HIV-infected O
patients O
with O
newly D
diagnosed D
Hodgkin D
's D
disease D
( D
HD D
) D
, O
a O
nonrandomized O
, O
prospective O
, O
multiinstitutional O
clinical O
trial O
was O
conducted O
by O
the O
AIDS O
Clinical O
Trials O
Group O
( O
ACTG O
) O
, O
in O
HIV-infected O
patients O
with O
Hodgkin O
's O
disease O

The O
effectiveness O
of O
glucocorticoids T
in O
treating O
croup D
: O
meta-analysis O
( O
see O
comments O
) O

PURPOSE O
: O
Inhaled O
corticosteroids T
have O
beneficial O
effects O
on O
pulmonary O
function O
and O
inflammation O
in O
patients O
with O
asthma D
, O
but O
they O
also O
cause O
systemic O
adverse O
effects O
, O
such O
as O
adrenal O
suppression O

Second O
, O
children O
in O
the O
first O
year O
of O
life O
are O
at O
highest O
risk O
of O
progression O
and O
should O
be O
treated O
with O
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole T
to O
prevent O
Pneumocystis D
carinii D
pneumonia D
, O
and O
targeted O
for O
receiving O
antiretrovirals O

Effectiveness O
of O
casein T
hydrolysate T
feedings O
in O
infants O
with O
colic D
( O
see O
comments O
) O

We O
conclude O
that O
antimicrobial/ T
antituberculous T
agents T
have O
only O
a O
minor O
short-term O
effect O
in O
long-lasting O
CGM D
of O
undetermined O
cause O

The O
patient O
had O
previously O
been O
immunized O
with O
two O
doses O
of O
Hib D
conjugate O
vaccine T
( O
PRP-T O
) O

Thus O
, O
s-ECP O
appears O
to O
be O
a O
useful O
marker O
for O
determining O
when O
a O
step-down O
in O
iBDP T
therapy T
is O
indicated O
, O
and O
thus O
may O
contribute O
to O
successful O
long-term O
management O
of O
chronic D
asthma D

Twinrix T
( O
SmithKline O
Beecham O
Biologicals O
) O
is O
a O
combined O
hepatitis D
A D
and D
B D
vaccine T
licensed O
with O
a O
three-dose O
schedule O

A O
two-dose O
combined O
hepatitis D
A D
and D
B D
vaccine T
would O
facilitate O
immunisation O
programs O

Therefore O
, O
it O
can O
be O
concluded O
that O
with O
two O
injections O
of O
the O
high-dose O
hepatitis D
A D
and D
B D
vaccine T
, O
6 O
months O
apart O
, O
a O
similar O
immune O
response O
can O
be O
obtained O
as O
induced O
with O
three O
doses O
of O
Twinrix T
at O
months O
0 O
, O
1 O
and O
6 O

AIM O
: O
To O
assess O
the O
impact O
on O
community-based O
pediatricians O
of O
the O
conclusions O
of O
the O
10th O
Conference O
de O
Consensus O
en O
Therapeutique O
Anti-Infectieuse O
( O
CCTAI O
) O
on O
the O
antibiotic T
treatment T
in O
acute D
nasopharyngitis D
( D
ANP D
) D

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
These O
data O
, O
the O
first O
evidence O
that O
chronic O
stress O
can O
inhibit O
the O
stability O
of O
the O
IgG O
antibody O
response O
to O
a O
bacterial T
vaccine T
for O
pneumonia D
, O
provide O
additional O
evidence O
of O
health O
risks O
associated O
with O
dementia O
caregiving O

We O
assessed O
the O
prevalence O
of O
head O
louse O
infestation O
and O
the O
effectiveness O
of O
1 T
% T
permethrin T
against O
head D
lice D
in O
Kosovar O
refugees O

Refugees O
with O
crawling D
lice D
were O
treated O
with O
a O
pediculicide T
containing T
1 T
% T
permethrin T

We O
conclude O
that O
1 T
% T
permethrin T
treatment T
was O
effective O
in O
louse D
control O
in O
this O
refugee O
population O

Antibiotics T
for O
Salmonella D
meningitis D
in O
children O

Four O
patients O
developed O
mild O
pancreatitis D
, O
one O
had O
moderate O
pancreatitis D
and O
one O
had O
leak O
of O
contrast O
, O
which O
was O
treated O
by O
administration T
of T
clear T
fluids T
orally O
for O
one O
day O

We O
treated O
two O
children O
with O
influenza-associated D
acute D
encephalopathy D
by O
a O
combination T
of T
mild T
hypothermia T
and T
steroid T
pulse T
therapy T

Successful O
treatment O
of O
anaerobic D
pleuropulmonary D
infections D
requires O
a O
combination T
of T
antibiotic T
therapy T
and T
surgical T
interventions T

Treatment O
of O
spontaneous D
carotid-cavernous D
fistula D
in D
Ehlers-Danlos D
syndrome D
by O
transvenous T
occlusion T
with T
Guglielmi T
detachable T
coils T

PURPOSE O
: O
Macrolide T
antibiotics T
are O
frequently O
prescribed O
to O
patients O
with O
symptoms D
of D
a D
common D
cold D

Because O
the O
symptoms O
of O
rhinovirus O
colds O
are O
attributed O
to O
the O
inflammatory O
response O
to O
infection O
, O
we O
studied O
the O
effects O
of O
treatment O
with O
clarithromycin T
on O
the O
symptomatic O
and O
inflammatory O
response O
to O
nasal O
inoculation O
with O
rhinovirus D

Therapeutic T
pneumothorax T
( T
TP T
) T
proved O
its O
efficacy O
in O
pre-antibiotic O
era O
, O
so O
one O
can O
assume O
that O
it O
can O
be O
applied O
with O
the O
same O
success O
in O
multidrug D
resistant D
TB D

In O
conclusion O
, O
in O
some O
cases O
of O
MDR D
TB D
, O
the O
TP T
( O
if O
there O
are O
no O
pleural O
adherences O
) O
may O
lead O
to O
good O
results O

Acupuncture T
treatment O
of O
common D
cold D

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
These O
data O
, O
the O
first O
evidence O
that O
chronic O
stress O
can O
inhibit O
the O
stability O
of O
the O
IgG O
antibody O
response O
to O
a O
bacterial T
vaccine T
for O
pneumonia D
, O
provide O
additional O
evidence O
of O
health O
risks O
associated O
with O
dementia O
caregiving O

When O
bleeding D
is O
stopped O
via O
surgical T
or T
radiological T
methods T
, O
the O
clinical O
course O
of O
hemobilia-associated O
pancreatitis O
appears O
to O
be O
benign O

A O
case O
of O
biliary D
stenosis D
in O
polycystic O
liver O
improved O
by O
injection T
of T
minocycline T
hydrochloride T
to O
a O
hepatic O
cyst O

The O
ruptured D
horn D
was O
excised O
by O
laparotomy T

Therapy O
designed O
to O
control O
the O
efferent D
phase D
of D
established D
asthma D
by O
augmenting T
down-regulatory T
Th1 T
counterbalancing T
mechanisms T
should O
be O
effective O

All O
children O
with O
croup D
symptoms O
who O
demonstrate O
increased O
work O
of O
breathing O
in O
the O
clinics O
or O
emergency O
departments O
should O
be O
treated O
with O
glucocorticoids T

Increasing O
resistance O
among O
the O
common D
respiratory D
pathogens D
has O
encouraged O
assessment O
of O
alternative O
agents O
, O
for O
example O
, O
levofloxacin T

Unlike O
earlier O
quinolones O
, O
levofloxacin T
has O
excellent O
activity O
against O
Streptococcus D
pneumoniae D
, O
including O
strains O
resistant O
to O
penicillin O

Clinical O
trials O
show O
levofloxacin T
to O
be O
as O
effective O
as O
cephalosporins O
in O
acute O
exacerbation O
of O
chronic D
bronchitis D
and O
as O
effective O
as O
co-amoxiclav O
, O
cephalosporins O
or O
amoxycillin O
in O
community-acquired D
pneumonia D

Additionally O
, O
epidemiologic O
evidence O
of O
a O
marked O
decline O
in O
new O
KS D
since O
the O
widespread O
use O
of O
highly T
active T
antiretroviral T
therapy T
( T
HAART T
) T
advocates O
its O
use O

A O
field O
study O
was O
carried O
out O
to O
evaluate O
the O
effect O
of O
vaccination T
against O
swine D
enzootic D
pneumonia D
in O
different O
production O
systems O
( O
closed O
or O
one-site O
, O
and O
open O
, O
two- O
or O
three-site O
, O
systems O
) O

Humoral O
immune O
response O
after O
vaccination T
against O
influenza D
in O
patients O
with O
breast O
cancer O

Gingyo-san T
and O
its O
components O
were O
administered O
orally O
to O
mice O
1 O
day O
before O
, O
then O
1 O
and O
4 O
days O
after O
the O
inhalation O
of O
a O
mouse-adopted D
strain D
of D
influenza D
A2 D
( D
H2N2 D
) D
virus D

From O
these O
results O
Gingyo-san T
was O
shown O
to O
be O
an O
antiviral O
agent O
in O
mice O
infected O
with O
a O
lethal O
amount O
of O
a O
mouse-adopted D
strain D
of D
influenza D
A2 D
virus D

The O
purpose O
of O
the O
present O
study O
was O
to O
analyze O
the O
association O
of O
recurrent O
abdominal O
pain O
and O
H. O
pylori O
infection O
in O
children O
and O
to O
evaluate O
the O
efficacy O
of O
antimicrobial T
treatment T
in O
patients O
with O
evidence O
of O
infection D

Patients O
with O
evidence O
of O
infection D
with D
H. D
pylori D
were O
treated O
with O
a O
combination T
of T
omeprazole T
, T
amoxicillin T
, T
and T
clarithromycin T

Treatment O
with O
omeprazole T
, T
amoxicillin T
, T
and T
clarithromycin T
resulted O
in O
eradication O
of O
the O
infection D
in O
all O
and O
in O
resolution O
of O
the O
clinical O
symptoms O
in O
15 O
( O
80 O
% O
) O
of O
19 O
patients O
who O
had O
a O
follow-up O
examination O

A O
combined T
therapy T
results O
in O
eradication O
of O
the O
bacterium D
and O
in O
improvement O
of O
the O
clinical O
symptoms O
in O
a O
significant O
majority O
of O
the O
patients O

In O
certain O
clinical O
settings O
, O
interventional T
radiologic T
procedures T
have O
become O
an O
important O
alternative O
to O
surgery O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
gallstones D
and O
their O
complications O
; O
techniques O
include O
percutaneous T
cholecystostomy T
and T
gallstone T
removal T

BACKGROUND O
: O
The O
administration O
of O
salbutamol T
is O
permitted O
only O
by O
inhalation O
by O
the O
International O
Olympic O
Committee O
( O
IOC O
) O
for O
the O
management O
of O
asthma D
and D
exercise-induced D
asthma D
in O
athletes O

Urine O
was O
also O
obtained O
from O
subjects O
who O
had O
received O
the O
maximum O
dosage O
of O
inhaled O
salbutamol T
advisable O
for O
competing O
athletes O
to O
provide O
protection O
from O
exercise-induced O
asthma O
and O
treatment O
of O
asthma D
( O
1600 O
microg O
in O
24 O
h O
, O
800 O
microg O
being O
in O
the O
last O
4 O
h O
) O

Antimicrobials T
were O
prescribed O
to O
175 O
( O
83.73 O
per O
cent O
) O
patients O
with O
common D
cold D
and O
78 O
( O
82.11 O
per O
cent O
) O
patients O
with O
diarrhea D

OBJECTIVE O
: O
to O
evaluate O
the O
possible O
existence O
of O
the O
so-called O
< O
Roux-en-Y O
syndrome O
> O
in O
a O
group O
of O
21 O
patients O
who O
underwent O
surgery T
to O
correct O
postoperative D
alkaline D
reflux D
gastritis D

All O
had O
undergone O
Billroth T
II T
subtotal T
gastrectomy T
( O
20 O
for O
ulcer D
and O
1 O
for O
gastric D
cancer D
) O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
we O
found O
no O
evidence O
of O
disturbances O
in O
gastric O
remnant O
emptying O
after O
Roux-en-Y T
gastrojejunostomy T
to O
treat O
postoperative D
alkaline D
gastric D
reflux D

BACKGROUND O
: O
Drainage O
methods O
for O
the O
gastric O
conduit O
after O
esophagectomy T
for O
carcinoma D
have O
been O
controversial O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
This O
study O
indicates O
that O
the O
use O
of O
a O
computerized O
physician O
reminder O
and O
a O
mailed O
patient O
reminder O
had O
a O
positive O
impact O
on O
influenza D
immunizations T
for O
older O
adults O
in O
a O
large O
family O
practice O
office O

Contemporary O
asthma O
management O
guidelines O
list O
inhaled T
corticosteroids T
as O
the O
preferred O
controller O
medication O
for O
patients O
with O
persistent D
asthma D

Fluticasone T
propionate T
is O
one O
of O
several O
inhaled O
corticosteroids O
used O
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
asthma D

A O
series O
of O
comparative O
analyses O
show O
that O
inhaled T
fluticasone T
propionate T
is O
more O
cost O
effective O
than O
oral O
zafirlukast O
and O
triamcinolone O
acetonide O
and O
slightly O
more O
cost O
effective O
than O
flunisolide O
in O
adult O
patients O
with O
asthma D

Quality-of-life O
assessments O
in O
patients O
with O
mild O
to O
moderate O
disease O
show O
that O
inhaled T
fluticasone T
propionate T
achieved O
improvements O
which O
were O
deemed O
to O
be O
clinically O
meaningful O
in O
patients O
with O
mild O
to O
moderate O
asthma D
; O
these O
changes O
were O
significantly O
greater O
than O
those O
achieved O
with O
oral O
zafirlukast O
, O
inhaled O
triamcinolone O
acetonide O
or O
placebo O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
In O
addition O
to O
the O
considerable O
body O
of O
clinical O
evidence O
supporting O
the O
use O
of O
inhaled T
fluticasone T
propionate T
in O
patients O
with O
asthma D
, O
accumulating O
short O
term O
cost-effectiveness O
data O
also O
suggest O
that O
this O
agent O
can O
be O
administered O
for O
a O
similar O
or O
lower O
cost O
per O
outcome O
than O
other O
inhaled O
corticosteroids O
or O
oral O
zafirlukast O

Importantly O
, O
the O
clinical O
benefits O
offered O
by O
fluticasone T
propionate T
in O
patients O
with O
persistent D
asthma D
are O
accompanied O
by O
clinically O
significant O
improvements O
in O
quality O
of O
life O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
describe O
the O
effect O
of O
influenza D
vaccination T
on O
long-term O
change O
in O
CD4 O
count O
and O
HIV O
RNA O
level O
, O
and O
on O
progression O
to O
AIDS O
or O
death O

Combination T
therapy T
with T
interferon-alpha T
( T
IFN T
alpha T
) T
plus T
Ribavirin T
has O
been O
shown O
to O
improve O
the O
response O
rate O
in O
patients O
with O
chronic D
hepatitis D
C D
as O
compared O
to O
IFN O
alpha O
alone O

To O
prove O
, O
whether O
Ribavirin T
has O
any O
additional O
effect O
on O
the O
decline O
of O
hepatitis D
C D
viremia D
during O
the O
first O
weeks O
of O
treatment O
patients O
with O
and O
without O
combination O
therapy O
were O
compared O

In O
patients O
with O
combination T
therapy T
, O
a O
further O
reduction O
of O
viremia D
level O
could O
be O
observed O
, O
whereas O
viremia O
levels O
in O
patients O
with O
IFN O
alpha O
alone O
slightly O
increased O

Ribavirin T
in T
combination T
with T
IFN T
alpha T
exerts O
an O
additional O
anti-viral/immunmodulatory O
effect O
which O
manifests O
itself O
in O
phase O
2 O
of O
hepatitis D
C D
viremia D
decline O

Surgical T
clearance T
of O
CBD D
stones D
was O
achieved O
in O
58 O
patients O
( O
93.5 O
% O
; O
group O
Ia O
) O

Use O
of O
ES T
to O
treat O
CBD D
stones D
on O
a O
routine O
basis O
was O
therefore O
not O
found O
to O
be O
any O
better O
than O
one-time O
surgical O
exploration O

Effect O
of O
cholecystectomy T
on O
gastroesophageal D
and D
duodenogastric D
reflux D

It O
is O
suggested O
that O
damaged D
mucosal D
tissues D
with O
AHF T
can O
be O
effectively O
compensated O
by O
enhanced O
regeneration O
response O
due O
to O
an O
adequately O
high O
dose O
intensity O
, O
suggesting O
a O
possible O
tolerability O
advantage O
for O
AHF O

Minimally O
invasive O
treatment O
of O
abscesses D
by O
CT-controlled T
drainage T
with T
a T
basket T
catheter T
system T

PL T
granule T
is O
one O
of O
the O
most O
common O
forms O
of O
composite O
medicine O
for O
colds D
in O
Japan O
, O
including O
acetaminophen O

A O
72-year O
old O
man O
who O
had O
been O
prescribed O
amiodarone T
for O
more O
than O
one O
year O
before O
for O
arrhythmogenic D
right D
ventricular D
dystrophy D
, O
repeatedly O
took O
PL O
granules O
at O
one-week O
intervals O
because O
of O
sneezing O
and O
fever O

He O
needed O
mechanical T
ventilation T
for O
severe D
hypoxemia D
, O
but O
recovered O
with O
glucocorticoid T
pulse T
therapy T

In O
a O
follow-up O
study O
operative O
risk O
, O
postoperative O
functional O
disorders O
and O
incidence O
of O
anastomotic O
( O
recurrent O
) O
ulcer O
after O
partial T
gastrectomy T
with T
Roux-en-Y T
gastrojejunostomy T
for O
gastroduodenal D
ulcer D
were O
evaluated O
in O
52 O
patients O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
With O
regard O
to O
the O
high O
rate O
of O
recurrent D
ulcer D
Roux-en-Y T
reconstruction T
after O
partial T
gastrectomy T
for O
primary D
ulcer D
surgery D
should O
be O
avoided O
and O
reconstruction O
procedures O
preferred O
, O
which O
guarantee O
duodenogastric O
reflux O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
The O
aim O
of O
these O
studies O
was O
to O
compare O
the O
pharmacokinetics O
of O
inhaled T
fluticasone T
propionate T
( T
FP T
) T
after O
repeated O
administration O
via O
the O
Diskus O
or O
Diskhaler O
dry O
powder O
inhalers O
( O
DPIs O
) O
to O
patients O
with O
mild-to-moderate D
asthma D

CONCLUSION O
: O
In O
patients O
with O
asthma D
receiving O
repeated T
inhaled T
doses T
of T
FP T
, O
the O
systemic O
exposure O
( O
AUC O
) O
after O
inhalation O
from O
the O
Diskus O
was O
similar O
to O
that O
from O
the O
Diskhaler O
, O
with O
no O
difference O
between O
the O
DPIs O
in O
the O
effects O
on O
cortisol O
suppression O

DATA O
SYNTHESIS O
: O
Recently O
, O
an O
expert O
panel O
of O
the O
Centers O
for O
Disease O
Control O
and O
Prevention O
recommended O
use O
of O
only O
three O
of O
16 O
systemic T
antibiotics T
approved O
by O
the O
Food O
and O
Drug O
Administration O
for O
treatment O
of O
AOM D
: O
amoxicillin T
, T
cefuroxime T
axetil T
, T
and T
ceftriaxone T

A O
three-step O
treatment O
algorithm O
for O
refractory D
AOM D
that O
employs O
amoxicillin T
, T
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole T
( T
TMP/SMX T
) T
, T
or T
high-dose T
amoxicillin/clavulanate T
( T
depending T
on T
the T
prior T
dose T
of T
and T
adherence T
to T
amoxicillin T
therapy T
) T
, T
and T
ceftriaxone T
or T
tympanocentesis T
at O
steps O
1 O
, O
2 O
, O
and O
3 O
, O
respectively O
, O
appears O
rational O
and O
cost-effective O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Amoxicillin T
remains O
the O
antibiotic O
of O
choice O
for O
initial O
empiric O
treatment O
of O
AOM D
, O
although O
the O
traditional O
dosage O
should O
be O
increased O
in O
patients O
at O
risk O
for O
drug-resistant O
S. O
pneumoniae O

We O
support O
the O
use O
of O
conjugate T
pneumococcal T
vaccine T
per O
guidelines O
for O
prevention O
of O
Raom D
from O
the O
Advisory O
Committee O
on O
Immunization O
Practice O
of O
the O
Centers O
for O
Disease O
Control O
and O
Prevention O
, O
with O
consideration O
given O
to O
influenza D
vaccine T
for O
cases O
of O
rAOM O
that O
historically O
worsen O
during O
the O
flu O
season O

This O
model O
can O
be O
used O
to O
test O
the O
safety O
and O
efficacy O
of O
liver-assist T
devices T
aimed O
at O
temporizing O
the O
detoxification O
functions O
of O
the O
failing D
liver D

Recent O
major O
epidemiologic O
trends O
in O
bacterial O
meningitis O
include O
a O
dramatic O
decline O
in O
the O
incidence O
of O
Haemophilus D
influenzae D
meningitis D
since O
the O
introduction O
of O
the O
protein-conjugated T
H. T
influenzae T
vaccines T
, O
and O
a O
worldwide O
increase O
in O
infections O
with O
antibiotic-resistant O
strains O
of O
bacterial O
pathogens O

dverse O
outcomes O
and O
opioid T
analgesic T
administration T
in O
acute D
abdominal D
pain D

We O
examined O
the O
remnant O
stomach O
for O
H. O
pylori O
infection O
after O
gastrectomy T
for O
gastric D
cancer D
or D
peptic D
ulcer D
between O
October O
1992 O
and O
July O
1997 O

The O
recent O
introduction O
of O
ribavirin T
, O
given O
in O
combination O
, O
has O
led O
to O
a O
re-appraisal O
of O
the O
management O
of O
chronic D
hepatitis D
C D

The O
current O
report O
considers O
the O
additional O
benefit O
of O
combination T
therapy T
( T
interferon T
alfa T
and T
ribavirin T
) T
compared O
with O
monotherapy O
( O
interferon O
alfa O
alone O
) O
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
patients O
with O
chronic D
hepatitis D
C D

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
review O
the O
clinical O
effectiveness O
and O
cost-effectiveness O
of O
combination T
therapy T
with T
interferon T
alfa T
and T
ribavirin T
in O
patients O
with O
chronic D
hepatitis D
C D

Sida T
cordifolia T
L. T
( T
Malvaceae T
) T
is O
used O
in O
folk O
medicine O
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
inflammation D
of D
the D
oral D
mucosa D
, D
blenorrhea D
, D
asthmatic D
bronchitis D
and D
nasal D
congestion D

Double-blind O
placebo-controlled O
trial O
of O
Mycobacterium T
vaccae T
immunotherapy T
for O
tuberculosis D
in O
KwaZulu O
, O
South O
Africa O
, O
1991-97 O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
evaluate O
the O
efficacy O
of O
oral T
tacrolimus T
as O
an O
induction O
agent O
in O
steroid-refractory D
severe D
colitis D
.Study O
design O
: O
Open-label O
, O
multicenter O
trial O
of O
oral O
tacrolimus O
in O
patients O
with O
severe O
colitis O

CONCLUSION O
: O
Although O
tacrolimus T
is O
effective O
induction O
therapy O
for O
severe D
ulcerative D
or D
Crohn D
's D
colitis D
, O
fewer O
than O
50 O
% O
of O
patients O
treated O
will O
successfully O
achieve O
a O
long-term O
remission O

Cytomegalovirus D
( D
CMV D
) D
infection D
was O
one O
of O
the O
most O
common O
opportunistic O
infections O
in O
AIDS O
patients O
, O
leading O
to O
blindness O
or O
life-threatening O
disease O
in O
about O
40 O
% O
of O
patients O
in O
the O
later O
stages O
of O
AIDS O
before O
highly T
active T
antiretroviral T
therapy T
( T
HAART T
) T

New T
vaccines T
are O
under O
study O
to O
further O
control O
bacterial D
meningitis D

The O
study O
involved O
117 O
infants O
( O
mean O
age O
2.6 O
months O
) O
, O
who O
needed O
hospital T
treatment T
because O
of O
RSV D
bronchiolitis D

According O
to O
the O
present O
study O
it O
seems O
that O
inhaled T
corticosteroid T
treatment T
during O
and O
after O
the O
acute O
phase O
of O
infant D
RSV D
bronchiolitis D
may O
have O
a O
beneficial O
effect O
on O
subsequent O
bronchial O
wheezing O
tendency O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
This O
study O
was O
designed O
to O
evaluate O
the O
safety O
and O
estimate O
the O
efficacy O
of O
oral T
budesonide T
in O
patients O
with O
primary D
sclerosing D
cholangitis D
( D
PSC D
) D

Combined T
interferon T
and T
lamivudine T
therapy T
: O
is O
this O
the O
treatment O
of O
choice O
for O
patients O
with O
chronic D
hepatitis D
B D
virus D
infection D
? O

She O
had O
been O
taking O
amitriptyline T
75 O
mg O
at O
night O
for O
depression D
for O
four O
months O
before O
her O
admission O

Side O
effects O
from O
influenza D
vaccination T
: O
differences O
between O
returned O
and O
random O
surveys O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
To O
study O
the O
relationship O
between O
interleukin-2 O
( O
IL-2 O
) O
, O
soluble O
interleukin-2 O
receptor O
( O
sIL-2R O
) O
and O
the O
non-and-hypo-responsiveness O
to O
hepatitis D
B D
vaccine T

We O
assessed O
the O
effects O
of O
early T
replacement T
therapy T
with T
protein-C T
concentrate T
together T
with T
continuous T
veno-venous T
haemodiafiltration T
and O
conventional O
treatment O
in O
meningococcaemia D

The O
purpose O
of O
this O
study O
was O
to O
determine O
if O
topical T
DL-alpha-tocopherol T
( T
vitamin T
E T
) T
could O
reduce O
ultraviolet-induced D
damage D
to D
the D
epidermis D

We O
observed O
the O
effects O
of O
cisapride T
in O
the O
management O
of O
idiopathic D
constipation D
in O
children O

METHODS O
: O
Thirty-seven O
children O
with O
a O
history O
of O
constipation D
( O
i.e O
. O
, O
pain O
and O
difficulty O
or O
delay O
in O
defecation O
for O
> O
3 O
months O
) O
were O
recruited O
and O
randomly O
assigned O
to O
8 O
weeks O
of O
treatment O
with O
either O
cisapride T
, O
0.2 O
mg/kg O
three O
times O
daily O
, O
or O
matching O
placebo O
after O
a O
2-week O
run-in O
period O
in O
a O
double-blind O
, O
parallel-group O
study O
design O

Patient O
1 O
demonstrated O
dramatic O
clearing O
of O
his O
MCV D
lesions D
when O
intravenous T
cidofovir T
therapy T
was O
started O
for O
his O
treatment-resistant D
bilateral D
CMV D
retinitis D
and O
because O
of O
cidofovir T
's T
possible O
activity O
against O
MCV D

In O
case O
2 O
, O
cidofovir T
was O
compounded O
as O
a O
3 O
% O
cream O
in O
a O
combination O
vehicle O
( O
Dermovan O
) O
for O
extensive O
facial O
involvement O
, O
and O
complete O
resolution O
of O
MCV D
was O
seen O
after O
1 O
month O
of O
therapy O

In O
case O
3 O
, O
intravenous T
cidofovir T
therapy T
was O
started O
both O
for O
CMV D
retinitis D
and O
in O
an O
attempt O
to O
clear O
90 O
% O
facial O
MCV D
involvement O
; O
after O
1 O
month O
of O
treatment O
, O
all O
clinical O
evidence O
of O
MCV D
had O
resolved O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Cidofovir T
, O
a O
nucleotide O
analog O
of O
deoxycytidine O
monophosphate O
, O
appears O
to O
have O
contributed O
to O
clearing O
of O
advanced D
MCV D
lesions D
in O
these O
3 O
patients O
, O
thus O
providing O
suggestive O
evidence O
of O
clinical O
activity O
against O
MCV D

Controlled O
trials O
of O
cidofovir T
therapy T
for O
MCV D
in O
persons O
infected O
with O
human O
immunodeficiency O
virus O
are O
warranted O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
This O
study O
aimed O
to O
determine O
the O
effect O
of O
external T
beam T
radiation T
therapy T
on O
choroidal D
neovascularization D
( D
CNV D
) D
secondary O
to O
age-related D
macular D
degeneration D
( D
AMD D
) D

Thrombolytic T
therapy T
has O
been O
accepted O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
acute D
myocardial D
infarction D

A O
bolus O
infusion O
of O
tissue T
plasminogen T
activator T
was O
administered O
during O
CPR T
in O
refractory D
ventricular D
fibrillation D
( O
two O
cases O
) O
and O
pulseless D
ventricular D
tachycardia D
( O
one O
case O
) O

We O
conclude O
that O
bolus T
thrombolytic T
infusions T
during O
CPR D
may O
facilitate O
spontaneous O
return O
of O
circulation O
in O
select O
patients O
with O
confirmed D
acute D
myocardial D
infarction D
, O
witnessed O
cardiac D
arrest D
in O
the O
ED O
, O
and O
refractory D
ventricular D
fibrillation D
or O
tachycardia D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
CASE O
SUMMARY O
: O
A O
92-year O
old O
white O
woman O
who O
was O
receiving O
venlafaxine T
for O
management O
of O
depression D
was O
found O
to O
have O
hyponatremia O

Touch O
sensibility O
was O
assessed O
with O
von O
Frey O
's O
monofilaments O
in O
the O
breasts O
of O
10 O
healthy O
women O
( O
controls O
) O
and O
of O
80 O
women O
with O
breast D
cancer D
who O
at O
least O
1 O
year O
previously O
had O
undergone O
subcutaneous T
mastectomy T
and O
immediate O
reconstruction O
with O
a O
prosthesis O

Although O
improved O
glycemic T
control T
, O
maintenance O
of O
normal O
blood O
pressure O
, O
and O
use O
of O
angiotensin-converting T
enzyme T
inhibitors T
are O
important O
strategies O
to O
avoid O
developing O
microalbuminuria D
, O
dietary O
macronutrient O
intake O
may O
also O
play O
a O
role O

Local O
injection O
of O
corticosteroids T
into O
refractory O
esophageal O
strictures O
to O
decrease O
the O
restenosis D
rate O
has O
been O
reported O

We O
systematically O
reviewed O
the O
evidence O
concerning O
the O
ability O
of O
five O
systemic T
treatments T
to O
induce O
remission O
in O
patients O
with O
severe D
psoriasis D
: O
ultraviolet T
B T
( T
UVB T
) T
, O
photochemotherapy T
( T
PUVA T
) T
, O
methotrexate T
( T
MTX T
) T
, O
retinoids T
( T
RET T
) T
and O
cyclosporin T
A T
( T
CYA T
) T

Consequently O
, O
parenteral T
nutrition T
( T
PN T
) T
solutions T
used O
to O
treat O
malnourished O
patients O
with O
chronic D
renal D
failure D
usually O
are O
prepared O
with O
little O
supplementation O
of O
these O
cations O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Malnourished O
patients O
with O
chronic D
renal D
failure D
receiving O
PN T
are O
at O
risk O
of O
developing O
electrolyte D
abnormalities D
, O
particularly O
hypophosphatemia D

PURPOSE O
: O
We O
report O
a O
multicenter O
experience O
using O
tubularized T
incised T
plate T
urethroplastym T
for O
proximal D
hypospadias D

MATERIALS O
AND O
METHODS O
: O
From O
August O
1993 O
to O
December O
1996 O
tubularized T
incised T
plate T
urethroplasty T
was O
performed O
in O
27 O
boys O
6 O
months O
to O
3 O
years O
old O
with O
mid D
shaft D
and D
penoscrotal D
hypospadias D

RESULTS O
: O
Tubularized T
incised T
plate T
surgery T
created O
a O
functional O
neourethra O
even O
in O
penoscrotal D
hypospadias D

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
Tubularized T
incised T
plate T
urethroplasty T
is O
a O
versatile O
operation O
that O
corrects O
proximal D
hypospadias D
defects D
with O
few O
complications O
and O
superior O
cosmetic O
results O

Aortocoronary T
bypass T
grafting T
is O
an O
accepted O
procedure O
for O
ischemic D
heart D
disease D

Immunotherapy T
of O
mice O
with O
preexisting O
cancers D
with O
heat T
shock T
protein T
preparations T
derived T
from T
autologous T
cancer T
resulted O
in O
retarded O
progression O
of O
the O
primary O
cancer D
, O
a O
reduced O
metastatic O
load O
, O
and O
prolongation O
of O
life-span O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Intrapleural T
injection T
of T
irradiated T
LLC-IL2 T
cured O
pre-existing D
lung D
LLC D
tumors D
and O
extended O
the O
survival O
of O
the O
mice O
but O
did O
not O
affect O
survival O
of O
mice O
with O
pre-existing O
peritoneal D
tumors D
nor O
did O
it O
affect O
the O
growth O
of O
s.c. D
tumors D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Intraperitoneal T
injection T
of T
irradiated T
LLC-IL2 T
cured O
pre-existing D
LLC D
peritoneal D
tumors D
and O
extended O
the O
survival O
of O
the O
mice O
but O
did O
not O
affect O
survival O
of O
mice O
bearing O
lung D
tumors D
nor O
did O
it O
affect O
the O
growth O
of O
s.c. D
tumors D

Subcutaneous T
injection T
of T
irradiated T
LLC-IL2 T
did O
not O
affect O
the O
growth O
of O
preexisting O
s.c. D
tumors D
and O
also O
did O
not O
improve O
survival O
of O
mice O
bearing O
the O
lung D
or D
peritoneal D
tumors D

We O
describe O
such O
an O
event O
in O
a O
man O
who O
underwent O
allogeneic T
BMT T
for O
APL D
in O
second O
relapse O
and O
4 O
years O
later O
presented O
with O
testicular O
relapse O

Olanzapine T
is O
an O
atypical O
antipsychotic O
effective O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
schizophrenic D
patients D

After O
a O
2- O
to O
9-day O
placebo O
lead-in O
, O
79 O
inpatients O
with O
schizophrenia D
according O
to O
DSM-III-R O
criteria O
were O
placed O
on O
an O
olanzapine T
dosage O
of O
10 O
mg/day O
or O
1 O
mg/day O
for O
up O
to O
6 O
weeks O

Fludarabine T
and O
ara-C T
successfully O
eradicated O
bone D
marrow D
disease D
in O
16 O
of O
27 O
patients O
( O
59 O
% O
) O
, O
23 O
patients O
of O
which O
had O
been O
treated O
previously O
with O
high-dose O
ara-C T

These O
results O
verified O
the O
synergistic O
effect O
fludarabine T
exhibited O
in O
augmenting O
ara-CTP T
concentrations O
in O
patients O
' O
leukemic O
blasts O
, O
thus O
improving O
the O
clinical O
response O
in O
relapsed D
pediatric D
leukemias D

BACKGROUND O
: O
The O
growing O
use O
of O
heparin T
in O
acute D
thrombotic D
disorders D
, O
coupled O
with O
the O
availability O
of O
many O
new O
antithrombotic T
agents T
, O
emphasizes O
the O
need O
for O
adequate O
characterization O
of O
the O
platelet O
effects O
of O
the O
various O
anticoagulants T

METHODS O
AND O
RESULTS O
: O
Platelet O
P-selectin O
( O
CD62 O
) O
and O
activated O
GP O
IIb/IIIa O
( O
PAC-1 O
) O
expression O
on O
platelet O
membrane O
was O
quantified O
in O
whole O
blood O
as O
well O
as O
platelet O
aggregation O
in O
platelet-rich O
plasma O
in O
43 O
patients O
with O
unstable D
angina D
before O
and O
during O
treatment O
with O
UFH T
or O
enoxaparin T

PURPOSE O
: O
We O
review O
our O
initial O
experience O
with O
direct T
percutaneous T
transluminal T
angioplasty T
( T
PTA T
) T
as O
a O
reperfusion T
treatment T
for O
acute D
occlusion D
of D
the D
middle D
cerebral D
artery D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
CONCLUSION O
: O
Direct O
PTA O
may O
be O
performed O
safely O
as O
an O
alternative O
to O
thrombolytic O
therapy O
in O
patients O
with O
acute O
occlusion O
of O
the O
middle O
cerebral O
artery O
when O
early O
CT O
findings O
and/or O
lenticulostriate O
artery O
involvement O
are O
present O
or O
when O
superselective O
local O
angiography O
shows O
the O
presence O
of O
a O
large O
embolus O
or O
high-grade O
stenosis O

Women O
randomised O
to O
screen-and-treat O
received O
appropriate O
antibiotics T
only O
if O
screening O
proved O
positive O
for O
one O
or O
more O
infection D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
A O
71-year-old O
woman O
with O
autoimmune O
hemolytic O
anemia O
underwent O
an O
emergency O
endocardial T
patch T
repair T
for O
ventricular D
septal D
perforation D
after O
acute O
myocardial O
infarction O

Use O
of O
washed T
red T
blood T
cells T
was O
effective O
in O
averting O
hemolytic D
crisis D
throughout O
perioperative O
period O

Therefore O
, O
prudent O
management O
and O
use O
of O
washed T
red T
blood T
cells T
transfusion T
would O
prevent O
hemolytic D
aggravation D
even O
in O
open O
heart O
surgery O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
We O
report O
a O
case O
of O
a O
29-year-old O
male O
chronic O
HBV O
carrier O
who O
developed O
fulminant D
reactivated D
HBV D
infection D
following O
intensive O
chemotherapy T
for O
stage D
IVB D
large D
cell D
B-cell D
non-Hodgkin D
's D
lymphoma D
associated O
with O
extensive O
central O
nervous O
system O
and O
bone O
marrow O
involvement O

We O
advise O
that O
lamivudine T
should O
be O
considered O
during O
intensive O
chemotherapy T
treatment T
of O
chronic O
carriers O
of O
HBV D

OBJECTIVES O
: O
The O
purpose O
of O
this O
analysis O
was O
to O
determine O
the O
influence O
of O
an O
additional O
treatment O
delay O
inherent O
in O
transfer O
to O
an O
angioplasty O
center O
for O
primary T
angioplasty T
of O
patients O
with O
acute D
myocardial D
infarction D
who O
are O
first O
admitted O
to O
hospitals O
without O
angioplasty O
facilities O

BACKGROUND O
: O
Several O
randomized O
trials O
have O
demonstrated O
the O
benefits O
of O
primary T
angioplasty T
in O
acute D
myocardial D
infarction D

We O
report O
the O
first O
case O
( O
to O
our O
knowledge O
) O
of O
an O
endoscopic T
removal T
of O
a O
forehead D
soft D
tissue D
mass D

As O
the O
overview O
shows O
, O
both O
groups O
of O
substances O
are O
useful O
for O
individualized O
treatment O
of O
benign D
prostatic D
hyperplasia D
( D
BPH D
) D
, O
provided O
that O
conservative O
pharmacological T
treatment T
of O
BPH D
is O
basically O
accepted O
and O
that O
the O
patients O
' O
quality O
of O
life O
is O
also O
considered O

The O
results O
of O
several O
clinical O
investigations O
showed O
the O
efficacy O
and O
safety O
of O
artichoke T
extracts T
( T
Cynara T
scolymus T
L. T
) T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
hepato-biliary D
dysfunction D
and D
digestive D
complaints D
, O
such O
as O
sensation O
of O
fullness O
, O
loss D
of D
appetite D
, O
nausea D
and O
abdominal D
pain D

Besides O
the O
well-known O
nonsteroidal T
antiinflammatory T
drugs T
( T
NSAID T
) T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
rheumatic D
pain D
herbal T
medicine T
can O
also O
be O
applied O
successfully O

Extracts O
of O
the O
secondary O
tubers O
of O
Devil T
's T
Claw T
( T
Harpagophytum T
procumbens T
) T
are O
recommended O
for O
the O
supportive O
treatment O
of O
degenerative D
painful D
rheumatism D

High-dose T
intravenous T
immunoglobulin T
( T
hdIVIg T
) T
is O
increasingly O
used O
to O
treat O
a O
range O
of O
inflammatory D
and D
autoimmune D
diseases D

The O
current O
dermatological O
uses O
of O
hdIVIg T
include O
the O
treatment O
of O
dermatomyositis D
and O
the O
autoimmune D
bullous D
disorders D
, O
epidermolysis D
bullosa D
acquisita D
, O
pemphigoid D
, O
and O
pemphigus D

Unfortunately O
, O
current O
dermatological O
uses O
of O
hdIVIg O
have O
been O
limited O
to O
either O
uncontrolled O
trials O
or O
anecdotal O
case O
reports O
, O
except O
for O
a O
single O
controlled O
trial O
of O
hdIVIg T
as O
adjunctive O
therapy O
in O
patients O
with O
dermatomyositis D
, O
which O
documented O
a O
significant O
benefit O

We O
describe O
a O
technique O
that O
enables O
the O
autologous T
repair T
of O
large D
midline D
incisional D
hernias D
by O
restoring O
the O
functional O
musculoaponeurotic O
support O
of O
the O
abdominal O
wall O

OBJECTIVE O
AND O
IMPORTANCE O
: O
The O
use O
of O
chronic T
intrathecal T
morphine T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
intractable D
, D
nonmalignant D
pain D
is O
becoming O
more O
prevalent O

METHODS O
: O
During O
a O
19-month O
period O
, O
seven O
children O
with O
empyema D
underwent O
thoracoscopy T

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
We O
describe O
a O
patient O
with O
left D
cardiac D
herniation D
presenting O
after O
intrapericardial T
pulmonectomy T
for O
primary D
lung D
cancer D

The O
growing O
use O
of O
automated T
night-time T
dialysis T
( T
APD T
) T
in O
peritoneal D
dialysis D
over O
the O
last O
few O
years O
shows O
that O
this O
method O
represents O
a O
valid O
alternative O
to O
continuous T
ambulatory T
peritoneal T
dialysis T
( T
CAPD T
) T

La O
Serna O
et O
al O
. O
( O
Lancet O
1987 O
; O
26 O
: O
1517 O
) O
were O
the O
first O
to O
treat O
adults O
with O
recurrent D
pericarditis D
with O
colchicine T
, O
and O
were O
followed O
by O
other O
authors O

While O
these O
findings O
are O
observed O
for O
all O
classes O
of O
oral O
drugs O
, O
the O
issue O
is O
especially O
critical O
for O
cancer D
chemotherapy T
, O
in O
which O
a O
narrow O
therapeutic O
index O
is O
frequently O
observed O

Treatment O
for O
low-grade D
NHL D
during O
the O
past O
30 O
yr O
has O
consisted O
of O
high-dose T
radiation T
and O
cytotoxic T
agents T
, O
administered O
alone O
or O
in O
combination O
, O
and O
high-dose T
therapy T
with T
stem T
cell T
transplant T

However O
, O
recent O
clinical O
use O
of O
monoclonal T
antibodies T
( T
mAbs T
) T
in O
patients O
with O
low-grade D
or D
transformed D
low-grade D
NHL D
has O
resulted O
in O
less O
toxicity O
than O
conventional O
treatments O
, O
as O
well O
as O
response O
rates O
that O
are O
comparable O
or O
superior O
to O
those O
achieved O
with O
chemotherapy T

Therefore O
, O
interest O
is O
growing O
in O
mAbs T
as O
therapeutic O
alternatives O
for O
patients O
with O
low-grade D
NHL D
and O
those O
with O
transformed O
histology O

CONCLUSION O
: O
The O
treatment O
paradigm O
for O
NHL D
is O
expected O
to O
change O
over O
the O
next O
few O
years O
to O
include O
radiolabeled T
mAbs T
, O
administered O
alone O
or O
in O
combination O
with O
cytotoxic T
agents T

RESULTS O
: O
Clinical O
trials O
of O
UFT T
published O
in O
the O
Western O
world O
have O
included O
581 O
patients O
with O
colorectal D
cancer D

The O
activity O
of O
oral T
UFT T
in O
large-bowel D
cancer D
when O
administered O
with O
oral T
LV T
( O
approximately O
50 O
mg/dose O
) O
has O
resulted O
in O
objective O
response O
rates O
of O
approximately O
40 O
% O

CONCLUSION O
: O
UFT T
is O
a O
fluoropyrimidine T
active O
in O
colorectal D
cancer D

BACKGROUND O
: O
Adrenalectomy T
is O
the O
current O
treatment O
for O
phaeochromocytoma D

CONCLUSION O
: O
Adrenal-sparing T
surgery T
is O
safe O
and O
effective O
, O
and O
may O
become O
the O
treatment O
of O
choice O
in O
patients O
with O
hereditary D
phaeochromocytoma D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
PURPOSE O
: O
The O
purposes O
of O
this O
descriptive O
, O
longitudinal O
study O
were O
to O
evaluate O
the O
MacDibbs O
Mouth O
Assessment O
instrument O
for O
the O
assessment O
of O
mucositis O
in O
the O
radiation T
therapy T
patient O
being O
treated O
for O
head D
and D
neck D
cancer D
and O
to O
describe O
the O
course O
of O
radiation-induced D
mucositis D
in O
these O
patients O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
As O
concomitant D
thrombocytosis D
persisted O
despite O
treatment O
with O
hydroxyurea T
, O
the O
new O
megakaryocyte T
inhibitor T
anagrelide T
( T
Agrelin T
) T
was O
administered O
and O
led O
to O
normalization O
of O
the O
platelet O
count O
within O
11 O
days O

Background O
: O
Troglitazone T
is O
a O
new O
drug O
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
type D
2 D
diabetes D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
For O
a O
subset O
of O
patients O
with O
Kaposi D
's D
sarcoma D
who O
were O
treated O
with O
recombinant T
interferon T
alfa-2a T
, O
the O
disease O
is O
in O
complete O
remission O
, O
without O
opportunistic D
infection D
, O
and O
they O
appear O
to O
be O
culture-negative O
for O
the O
etiologic O
retrovirus O
that O
causes O
their O
immune D
deficiency D

Interferon T
alfa-2a T
appears O
to O
have O
antineoplastic O
efficacy O
, O
( O
and O
may O
have O
antiretroviral O
efficacy O
as O
well O
) O
in O
this O
epidemic O
neoplasm D

In O
three O
consecutive O
Phase O
II O
trials O
of O
recombinant T
interferon T
alfa-2a T
( O
rIFN O
alfa-2a O
; O
Roferon-A O
Hoffmann-La O
Roche O
, O
Nutley O
, O
NJ O
) O
involving O
96 O
patients O
with O
advanced D
malignant D
melanoma D
, O
an O
overall O
response O
rate O
of O
22 O
% O
was O
observed O

As O
single O
agent O
therapy O
in O
malignant D
melanoma D
, O
interferon T
alfa-2a T
was O
only O
marginally O
useful O
in O
most O
patients O

Studies O
with O
various O
interferon T
alpha T
preparations T
, O
including O
interferons T
induced O
in O
human O
leukocytes O
, O
interferon T
alfa-N1 T
, O
interferon T
alfa-2a T
, O
and O
interferon T
alfa-2b T
, O
have O
all O
provided O
evidence O
for O
modest O
but O
reproducible O
antitumor O
activity O
in O
advanced D
renal D
cell D
carcinoma D

Preliminary O
evidence O
suggests O
that O
interferons T
beta T
and T
gamma T
may O
also O
induce O
regression O
of O
metastatic D
renal D
cell D
carcinoma D

The O
rationale O
for O
antileukemic T
therapy T
in O
hairy D
cell D
leukemia D
is O
to O
reduce O
the O
significant O
risk O
of O
infection O
and O
other O
potential O
serious O
complications O

Splenectomy T
presumably O
alleviates O
the O
pancytopenic O
effect O
of O
hypersplenism D
by O
removing O
the O
preferred O
site O
of O
leukemic O
cell O
proliferation O

Recombinant O
and O
natural O
forms O
of O
interferon T
alpha T
have O
been O
shown O
to O
bring O
about O
tumor O
regressions O
in O
patients O
with O
low-grade D
non-Hodgkin D
's D
lymphoma D

Current O
studies O
using O
interferon T
in O
patients O
with O
low-grade D
non-Hodgkin D
's D
lymphomas D
are O
evaluating O
lower O
, O
and O
perhaps O
better O
tolerated O
doses O
of O
interferon T

This O
approach O
is O
being O
extended O
to O
the O
clinic O
, O
and O
trials O
are O
now O
underway O
evaluating O
combinations O
of O
interferon T
and O
various O
cytotoxic T
drugs T
known O
from O
previous O
studies O
to O
be O
active O
in O
patients O
with O
low-grade D
non-Hodgkin D
's D
lymphomas D

While O
the O
demonstrated O
antiviral O
, O
antiproliferative O
, O
and O
immunomodulatory O
properties O
of O
interferons T
have O
led O
to O
a O
number O
of O
theories O
regarding O
their O
potential O
use O
in O
treating O
individuals O
with O
chronic D
myelogenous D
leukemia D
( D
CML D
) D
, O
their O
limited O
availability O
has O
prevented O
thorough O
clinical O
investigation O

The O
data O
resulting O
from O
these O
clinical O
trials O
indicate O
that O
interferon T
alfa-2a T
is O
effective O
in O
inducing O
hematologic O
remissions O
in O
the O
majority O
of O
minimally O
treated O
, O
benign-phase D
CML D
, O
Ph1-positive O
patients O

More O
than O
1600 O
patients O
with O
neoplastic D
disorders D
have O
received O
recombinant T
human T
interferon T
alfa-2a T
( T
Roferon-A T
, T
Hoffmann-La T
Roche T
, T
Nutley T
, T
NJ T
) T
as O
part O
of O
ongoing O
or O
completed O
clinical O
trials O

PURPOSE O
: O
A O
phase O
I/II O
trial O
of O
docetaxel T
, O
cisplatin T
, O
fluorouracil T
( T
5-FU T
) T
, O
and O
leucovorin T
( T
TPFL5 T
) T
induction T
chemotherapy T
for O
patients O
with O
locally D
advanced D
squamous D
cell D
carcinoma D
of D
the D
head D
and D
neck D
( D
SCCHN D
) D

PATIENTS O
AND O
METHODS O
: O
Twenty-three O
previously O
untreated O
patients O
with O
stage D
III D
or D
IV D
SCCHN D
and O
Eastern O
Cooperative O
Oncology O
Group O
functional O
status O
less O
than O
or O
equal O
to O
2 O
were O
treated O
with O
TPFL5 T

Intrathecal T
sufentanil T
provides O
approximately O
2 O
h O
of O
excellent O
labor D
analgesia O
with O
minimal O
motor O
blockade O

OBJECTIVE O
: O
We O
report O
the O
results O
of O
a O
double-blind O
, O
double-dummy O
, O
active-control O
study O
designed O
to O
evaluate O
the O
efficacy O
and O
safety O
of O
lamotrigine T
( T
LTG T
) T
administered O
as O
monotherapy O
to O
adult O
outpatients O
with O
partial D
seizures D

BACKGROUND O
: O
The O
effectiveness O
of O
LTG T
as O
add-on O
therapy O
for O
partial D
seizures D
in O
adults O
has O
previously O
been O
established O

CONCLUSIONS O
: O
We O
conclude O
that O
LTG T
is O
effective O
and O
well O
tolerated O
when O
administered O
as O
monotherapy O
in O
adult O
patients O
with O
partial D
seizures D

BACKGROUND O
: O
Omega3 O
fatty O
acids O
may O
inhibit O
neuronal O
signal O
transduction O
pathways O
in O
a O
manner O
similar O
to O
that O
of O
lithium T
carbonate T
and O
valproate T
, O
2 O
effective O
treatments O
for O
bipolar D
disorder D

The O
present O
study O
was O
performed O
to O
examine O
whether O
omega3 T
fatty T
acids T
also O
exhibit O
mood-stabilizing O
properties O
in O
bipolar D
disorder D

CONCLUSION O
: O
Omega3 T
fatty T
acids T
were O
well O
tolerated O
and O
improved O
the O
short-term O
course O
of O
illness O
in O
this O
preliminary O
study O
of O
patients O
with O
bipolar D
disorder D

Several O
large-scale O
trials O
have O
firmly O
established O
the O
effectiveness O
of O
thrombolytic T
therapy T
, O
beta T
blockers T
, O
and O
aspirin T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
AMI D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
While O
diastolic D
left D
ventricular D
( D
LV D
) D
dysfunction D
is O
frequent O
and O
associated O
with O
cardiovascular D
complications D
in O
end-stage D
renal D
disease D
treated O
with O
dialysis T
, O
controversial O
information O
exists O
on O
diastolic O
LV O
function O
after O
renal O
transplantation O

METHODS O
: O
Fluvastatin T
40 O
mg O
daily O
was O
administered O
to O
25 O
patients O
with O
hypercholesterolaemia D
for O
up O
to O
24 O
weeks O

The O
inhibitory O
effect O
of O
n-3 T
polyunsaturated T
fatty T
acids T
on O
human D
colorectal D
cancer D
has O
been O
speculated O
on O
from O
epidemiological O
data O
and O
animal O
studies O

We O
conducted O
a O
long-term O
trial O
of O
docosahexanoic T
acid T
( T
DHA T
) T
-concentrated T
fish T
oil T
capsules T
for O
patients O
in O
a O
high-risk O
group O
for O
colorectal D
cancer D

Three O
patients O
with O
FAP D
and O
two O
patients O
with O
multiple O
( O
more O
than O
30 O
) O
colorectal D
polyps D
were O
administered O
DHA-concentrated T
fish T
oil T
capsules_Hlk427554600 T
( T
2.2 T
g T
of T
DHA T
and T
0.6 T
g T
of T
eicosapentanoic T
acid T
( T
EPA T
) T
per T
day T
) T
for O
one O
or O
two O
years O

This O
article O
reviews O
current O
trends O
in O
management O
of O
esophageal D
achalasia D
, O
highlighting O
short-term O
outcome O
and O
cost O
comparisons O
of O
three O
treatments O
: O
botulinum T
toxin T
injection T
, O
pneumatic T
dilation T
, O
and O
laparoscopic T
myotomy T

The O
clinical O
application O
of O
therapeutic T
hysteroscopy T
, O
mainly O
in O
the O
field O
of O
the O
treatment O
of O
abnormal D
uterine D
bleeding D
, O
started O
in O
the O
1980s O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
In O
this O
article O
, O
evidence O
of O
effectiveness O
and O
cost-effectiveness O
of O
the O
following O
procedures O
is O
reviewed O
: O
( O
1 O
) O
laser T
treatment T
of O
bladder D
tumors D
; O
( O
2 O
) O
extracorporeal O
shock-wave O
lithotripsy O
and O
percutaneous O
nephrolithotomy O
; O
( O
3 O
) O
laparoscopic T
treatment T
of O
endometriosis D
; O
( O
4 O
) O
laparoscopic T
removal T
of O
ovarian D
cysts D
; O
( O
5 O
) O
laparoscopic O
cholecystectomy O
; O
( O
6 O
) O
laparoscopic O
appendectomy O
; O
( O
7 O
) O
catheter T
treatment T
of O
coronary D
artery D
disease D
; O
( O
8 O
) O
palliation O
of O
colon O
cancer O
by O
endoscopic O
intervention O
; O
( O
9 O
) O
treatment O
of O
upper D
gastrointestinal D
( D
UGI D
) D
bleeding D
by O
endoscopic T
intervention T
; O
and O
( O
10 O
) O
arthroscopic O
knee O
surgery O

Gene T
therapy T
of O
malignant D
brain D
tumors D

Treatment O
of O
irritable D
bowel D
syndrome D
with O
Chinese T
herbal T
medicine T
: O
a O
randomized O
controlled O
trial O

Randomised O
trial O
of O
interferon T
alpha2b T
plus T
ribavirin T
for O
48 O
weeks O
or O
for O
24 O
weeks O
versus O
interferon T
alpha2b T
plus T
placebo T
for O
48 O
weeks O
for O
treatment O
of O
chronic D
infection D
with D
hepatitis D
C D
virus D

Low-molecular-weight T
heparin T
for O
immediate O
management O
of O
thromboembolic D
disease D
in O
pregnancy O

Tubularized T
incised T
plate T
hypospadias T
repair T
for O
proximal D
hypospadias D

Comparison O
of O
radical T
prostatectomy T
and O
iodine T
125 T
interstitial T
radiotherapy T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
clinically D
localized D
prostate D
cancer D
: O
a O
7-year O
biochemical O
( O
PSA O
) O
progression O
analysis O

The O
effectiveness O
of O
acupuncture T
in O
treating O
acute D
dental D
pain D
: O
a O
systematic O
review O

Correction O
of O
cardiac D
defects D
through O
a O
right T
thoracotomy T
in O
children O

New O
technique O
for O
mesh T
repair T
of O
paracolostomy D
hernias D

Immunotherapy T
of O
tumors D
with O
autologous T
tumor-derived T
heat T
shock T
protein T
preparations T

Comprehensive T
modified T
diet T
simplifies O
nutrition T
management T
of O
adults O
with O
short-bowel D
syndrome D

Extended O
use O
of O
glatiramer T
acetate T
( T
Copaxone T
) T
is O
well O
tolerated O
and O
maintains O
its O
clinical O
effect O
on O
multiple D
sclerosis D
relapse O
rate O
and O
degree O
of O
disability O

European O
register O
of O
patients O
with O
sickle D
cell D
disease D
treated O
with O
hydroxyurea T
is O
being O
set O
up O

Understanding O
the O
culture O
of O
prescribing O
: O
qualitative O
study O
of O
general O
practitioners O
' O
and O
patients O
' O
perceptions O
of O
antibiotics T
for O
sore D
throats D

Steroid T
delivery T
in O
croup D

Haematoma T
block T
versus O
intravenous T
regional T
anaesthesia T
in O
Colles D
' D
fractures D

Direct T
percutaneous T
transluminal T
angioplasty T
for O
acute D
middle D
cerebral D
artery D
occlusion D

Magnesium T
sulphate T
for O
the O
control O
of O
spasms D
in D
severe D
tetanus D

Protective O
effect O
of O
pralidoxime T
on O
muscle D
fiber D
necrosis D
induced O
by O
organophosphate O
compounds O

Assessment O
of O
atrioventricular T
junction T
ablation T
and T
VVIR T
pacemaker T
versus O
pharmacological T
treatment T
in O
patients O
with O
heart D
failure D
and D
chronic D
atrial D
fibrillation D
: O
a O
randomized O
, O
controlled O
study O

Statins T
for O
prevention O
of O
stroke D

Repair O
of O
ventral D
hernias D
with O
expanded T
polytetrafluoroethylene T
patch T

Spinal T
manipulation T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
episodic D
tension-type D
headache D
: O
a O
randomized O
controlled O
trial O

Successful O
treatment O
with O
lamivudine T
for O
fulminant D
reactivated D
hepatitis D
B D
infectioN D
following O
intensive T
therapy T
for O
high-grade D
non-Hodgkin D
's D
lymphoma D

Influence O
of O
treatment O
delay O
on O
infarct O
size O
and O
clinical O
outcome O
in O
patients O
with O
acute D
myocardial D
infarction D
treated O
with O
primary T
angioplasty T

Should O
patients O
with O
advanced D
sarcomas D
be O
treated O
with O
chemotherapy T
? O

Plasma T
exchange T
and T
tacrolimus-mycophenolate T
rescue T
for O
acute D
humoral D
rejection D
in O
kidney O
transplantation O

Hyperbaric T
oxygen T
therapy T
for O
children O
with O
cerebral D
palsy D

Endoscopic T
excision T
of O
a D
forehead D
mass D

Effect O
of O
photodynamic T
therapy T
in T
combination T
with T
mitomycin T
C T
on O
a O
mitomycin-resistant D
bladder D
cancer D
cell O
line O

Is O
conservative T
surgery T
for O
tubal D
pregnancy D
preferable O
to O
salpingectomy T
? O
An O
economic O
analysis O

Laparoscopic T
cornuostomy T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
interstitial D
pregnancy D
with O
subsequent O
hysterosalpingography O

Experimental O
evaluation O
of O
the O
use O
of O
recombinant T
prourokinase T
and O
its O
immobilized O
forms O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
postoperative D
fibrinoid D
syndrome D
in O
ophthalmology O

In O
vitro O
and O
in O
vivo O
comparison O
between O
the O
effects O
of O
treatment O
with O
adenosine T
triphosphate T
and O
treatment O
with O
buthionine T
sulfoximine T
on O
chemosensitization O
and O
tumour O
growth O
of O
B16 D
melanoma D

Effects O
of O
transpupillary T
thermotherapy T
on O
immunological O
parameters O
and O
apoptosis O
in O
a O
case O
of O
primary D
uveal D
melanoma D

Is O
there O
a O
rational O
therapy O
for O
symptomatic O
treatment O
of O
benign D
prostatic D
hyperplasia D
with O
phytogenic T
drugs T
? O
Illustrated O
with O
the O
example O
of O
the O
prostate O
agent O
from O
Serenoa O
repens O
( O
Sabal O
fructus O
) O

Pharmacological O
and O
clinical O
effectiveness O
of O
a O
fixed T
phytogenic T
combination T
trembling T
poplar T
( T
Populus T
tremula T
) T
, T
true T
goldenrod T
( T
Solidago T
virgaurea T
) T
and T
ash T
( T
Fraxinus T
excelsior T
) T
in O
mild D
to D
moderate D
rheumatic D
complaints D

Therapy O
of O
degenerative D
diseases D
of D
the D
musculoskeletal D
system D
with O
South T
African T
devil T
's T
claw T
( T
Harpagophytum T
procumbens T
DC T
) T

Treatment O
strategy O
for O
mucin-producing D
intrahepatic D
cholangiocarcinoma D
: O
value O
of O
percutaneous T
transhepatic T
biliary T
drainage T
and O
cholangioscopy T

Strategy O
for O
surgical T
management T
of O
ileocolonic D
anastomotic D
recurrence D
in D
Crohn D
's D
disease D

Nerve-sparing T
surgery T
for O
advanced D
rectal D
cancer D
patients O
: O
special O
reference O
to O
Dukes O
C O
patients O

Prognostic O
factors O
in O
patients O
with O
locally O
advanced O
rectal D
adenocarcinoma D
treated O
with O
preoperative T
radiotherapy T
and O
surgery T

Current O
surgical T
therapy T
for O
bronchiectasis D

Thoracic T
surgery T
for O
hydatid D
disease D

Surgical T
treatment T
of O
postpneumonic D
empyema D

Thoracoscopic T
surgery T
for O
pulmonary D
tuberculosis D

Thoracoscopic T
surgery T
for O
spontaneous D
pneumothorax D

Surgery T
for O
chronic D
thromboembolic D
pulmonary D
hypertension D

Transabdominal T
extensive T
esophagogastric T
devascularization T
with T
gastroesophageal T
stapling T
for O
management O
of O
noncirrhotic D
portal D
hypertension D
: O
long-term O
results O

Surgical T
treatment T
for O
lung D
hydatid D
disease D

Sliding T
door T
technique T
for O
the O
repair O
of O
midline D
incisional D
hernias D

One-lung T
ventilation T
in O
patients O
with O
difficult D
airways D

Thoracoscopy T
for O
empyema D
in O
children O

Sex O
differences O
in O
the O
use O
of O
asthma D
drugs T
: O
cross O
sectional O
study O

Conventional T
treatments T
for O
non-Hodgkin D
's D
lymphoma D
: O
the O
need O
for O
new O
therapies O

Adrenal-sparing T
surgery T
for O
phaeochromocytoma D

Antiplatelet T
therapy T
in O
acute D
cerebral D
ischemia D

Laugier-Hunziker D
syndrome D
: O
case O
report O
and O
treatment O
with O
the O
Q-switched T
Nd-Yag T
laser T

Thoracoscopic T
operation T
for O
secondary D
pneumothorax D
under O
local O
and O
epidural O
anesthesia O
in O
high-risk O
patients O

Troglitazone-induced D
hepatic D
failure D
leading O
to O
liver T
transplantation T

A O
modified O
technique O
of O
tubeless O
anaesthesia O
for O
microlaryngoscopy T
and T
bronchoscopy T
in O
young O
children O
with O
stridor D

A O
randomized O
trial O
of O
Lactobacillus T
acidophilus T
BG2FO4 T
to O
treat O
lactose D
intolerance D

Treatment O
of O
idiopathic D
thrombopenic D
purpura D
in O
adolescents O
by O
intravenous T
immunoglobulin T

Azithromycin T
therapy T
for O
scrub D
typhus D
during O
pregnancy O

Excimer T
laser T
assisted T
in T
situ T
keratomileusis T
for O
hyperopia D

Three O
consecutive O
phase O
II O
studies O
of O
recombinant T
interferon T
alfa-2a T
in O
advanced D
malignant D
melanoma D

Interferon T
treatment T
of O
renal D
cell D
carcinoma D

Current O
and O
future O
uses O
of O
recombinant T
interferon T
alpha T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
low-grade D
non-Hodgkin D
's D
lymphoma D

Antimicrobial T
treatment T
options O
in O
the O
management O
of O
odontogenic D
infections D

Recombinant T
glycoprotein T
vaccine T
for O
the O
prevention O
of O
genital D
HSV-2 D
infection D
: O
two O
randomized O
controlled O
trials O

Induction T
chemotherapy T
with T
docetaxel T
, T
cisplatin T
, T
fluorouracil T
, T
and T
leucovorin T
for O
squamous D
cell D
carcinoma D
of O
the O
head O
and O
neck O
: O
a O
phase O
I/II O
trial O

Low-dose T
steroids T
reduce O
flu-like D
symptoms D
at O
the O
initiation O
of O
IFNbeta-1b O
in O
relapsing-remitting O
MS O

Study O
of O
three O
different O
doses O
of O
epidural T
neostigmine T
coadministered T
with T
lidocaine T
for O
postoperative D
analgesia D

An O
active-control O
trial O
of O
lamotrigine T
monotherapy T
for O
partial D
seizures D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Safety O
of O
intrathecal T
sodium T
nitroprusside T
for O
the O
treatment O
and O
prevention O
of O
refractory D
cerebral D
vasospasm D
and D
ischemia D
in O
humans O

The O
effect O
of O
heliox T
in O
acute D
severe D
asthma D
: O
a O
randomized O
controlled O
trial O
. O

Long-term O
survival O
of O
patients O
with O
unresectable D
colorectal D
cancer D
liver D
metastases D
following O
infusional T
chemotherapy T
with T
5-fluorouracil T
, T
leucovorin T
, T
oxaliplatin T
and T
surgery T

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Fatal D
acute D
haemolysis D
in O
an O
AIDS D
patient O
treated O
with O
lindinavir T

A O
simplified O
laparoscopic T
technique T
for T
mesh T
placement T
in O
ventral D
hernia D
repair O

Pharmacological T
management T
of O
acute D
myocardial D
infarction D

Mesenteric D
venous D
thrombosis D
: O
successful O
treatment O
by O
intraarterial T
lytic T
therapy T

Gene T
therapy T
for O
myocardial D
angiogenesis D

Dipyridamole T
plus T
aspirin T
in O
cerebrovascular D
disease D

What O
is O
the O
real O
role O
of O
CD40 O
in O
cancer D
immunotherapy T
? O

The O
effects O
of O
oral T
liarozole T
on O
epidermal O
proliferation O
and O
differentiation O
in O
severe D
plaque D
psoriasis D
are O
comparable O
with O
those O
of O
acitretin T
. O

Safety O
and O
potential O
effectiveness O
of O
daunorubicin-containing T
liposomes T
in O
patients O
with O
advanced D
recurrent D
malignant D
CNS D
tumors D

An O
experimental O
application O
of O
gene T
therapy T
for O
human D
retinoblastoma D

Acid T
suppression T
therapy T
in O
Barrett D
's D
esophagus D
: O
the O
importance O
of O
pH O
monitoring O

Surgical T
approaches T
to O
pediatric D
defecatory D
disorders D

Lutein T
improves O
visual O
function O
in O
some O
patients O
with O
retinal D
degeneration D
: O
a O
pilot O
study O
via O
the O
Internet O

Drug O
information O
questions O
and O
answers O
: O
new O
for O
psoriasis D
: O
colchicine T

IPPB T
in O
severe D
pulmonary D
emphysema D
: O
limited O
applications O

Long-term O
mortality O
in O
patients O
after O
a O
British O
trial O
of O
anticoagulants T
in O
acute D
myocardial D
infarction D

Our O
results O
in O
the O
surgical T
treatment T
of O
habitual D
shoulder D
dislocation D
with O
special O
reference O
to O
occupational O
disability O

Alkaline O
phosphatase O
in O
neutrophil O
leukocytes O
of O
patients O
with O
infectious D
mononucleosis D
and O
the O
effect O
of O
corticosteroid T
therapy T

Surgical T
treatment T
of O
uterine D
cervix D
insufficiency D
during O
the O
2d O
trimester O
of O
pregnancy O

Physiologic T
treatment T
of O
depressive D
reactions D
: O
a O
pilot O
study O

The O
use O
of O
quinidine T
sulphate T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
atrial D
fibrillation D
in O
twelve O
horses O

Synergism O
in O
the O
chemotherapy T
of O
Eimeria D
infections D
of O
chicks O

Treatment O
of O
hydrocele D
and D
cysts D
of D
the D
epididymis D
with O
sclerosing T
injections T
of T
quinine T
and T
urea T
chlorhydrolactate T
in O
a O
30 O
per O
cent O
solution O

The O
single-place T
caisson T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
decompression D
accidents D

Blood O
volume O
measurements O
in O
burn D
therapy T

Phenylbutazone T
and O
acute D
leukemia D
. O

The O
place O
of O
surgery T
in O
hypertrophic D
obstructive D
cardiomyopathy D
( D
idiopathic D
hypertrophic D
subaortic D
stenosis D
) D

The O
treatment O
of O
autoimmune D
hemolytic D
anemia D
with O
heparin T

Effects O
of O
clomiphene T
citrate T
on O
endometrial D
hyperplasia D
in O
the O
premenopausal O
female O

Prolonged O
use O
of O
methyldopa T
in O
severe D
hypertension D
in O
pregnancy O

The O
effects O
of O
social O
class O
and O
friends O
' O
expectations O
on O
oral O
polio D
vaccination T
participation O

Glutathione O
S-transferase O
activity O
in O
epithelial D
ovarian D
cancer D
: O
association O
with O
response O
to O
chemotherapy T
and O
disease O
outcome O

Interferon-alpha-2b T
in O
the O
management O
of O
patients O
with O
relapsed O
and/or O
refractory O
Hodgkin D
's D
disease D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Frontal D
dysfunction D
blocks O
the O
therapeutic O
effect O
of O
THA T
on O
attention O
in O
Alzheimer D
's D
disease D

Effects O
of O
clomipramine T
on O
plasma O
amino O
acids O
and O
serotonergic O
parameters O
in O
panic D
disorder D
and D
depression D
. O

Thalidomide T
for O
aphthous D
ulcers D
in O
HIV D
infection D

Aspirin T
therapy T
in O
diabetes D
mellitus D

Combined T
pancreas-/kidney T
transplantation T
as O
a O
standard O
procedure O
in O
therapy O
of O
kidney D
failure D
in D
type D
I D
diabetic D
patients D

Corticosteroid T
injections T
for O
sciatica D

Flutamide T
plus T
castration T
in O
patients O
with O
previously O
untreated O
prostate D
cancer D

The O
immediate O
effectiveness O
of O
electrical T
nerve T
stimulation T
and O
electrical T
muscle T
stimulation T
on O
myofascial D
trigger D
points D

In O
vitro O
radiation-induced O
apoptosis O
and O
tumour O
response O
to O
radiotherapy T
: O
a O
prospective O
study O
in O
patients O
with O
non-Hodgkin D
lymphomas D
treated O
by O
low-dose T
irradiation T

Drug T
therapy T
for O
coronary D
heart D
disease D
: O
the O
Sheffield O
table O

Percutaneous T
drainage T
of O
hydatid D
cysts D

Surgery T
for O
ectopia D
lentis D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Antiplatelet T
therapy T
to O
prevent O
stroke D
: O
risk O
of O
brain D
hemorrhage D
and O
efficacy O
in O
atrial T
fibrillation T

High-dose T
chemotherapy T
with T
autologous T
hematopoietic T
stem-cell T
support T
for O
breast D
cancer D
in O
North O
America O

Is O
concomitant T
radiotherapy T
and T
chemotherapy T
superior O
to O
optimal O
radiotherapy T
alone O
in O
anal D
cancer D
? O

Standard T
versus T
high-dose T
therapy T
in O
10+ O
breast D
cancer D

Anal O
continence O
after O
surgery T
for O
rectal D
prolapse D

Aspirin T
therapy T
for O
cardiovascular D
disease D

Dosing O
of O
amoxicillin/clavulanate T
for O
treatment O
of O
lower D
respiratory D
tract D
infection D

Pharmacoeconomic O
analysis O
of O
ampicillin-sulbactam T
versus O
cefoxitin T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
intraabdominal D
infections D

New T
therapies T
for O
severe D
meningococcal D
disease D

Another O
potential O
use O
of O
troglitazone T
in O
noninsulin-dependent D
diabetes D
mellitus D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Jaw D
clenching D
following O
Gamma T
Knife T
treatment T
for O
trigeminal D
neuralgia D

The O
protective O
effect O
of O
condoms T
and O
nonoxynol-9 T
against O
HIV D
infection D

Evaluation O
of O
adjuvant T
psychological T
therapy T
in O
patients O
with O
testicular D
cancer D
: O
randomised O
controlled O
trial O

The O
effect O
of O
an O
endothelin-receptor T
antagonist T
, T
bosentan T
, O
on O
blood O
pressure O
in O
patients O
with O
essential D
hypertension D
. O

Guidelines O
for O
the O
use O
of O
antiretroviral T
agents T
in O
HIV D
-infected O
adults O
and O
adolescents O

Long-term O
therapy O
with O
long-acting T
octreotide T
( T
Sandostatin-LAR T
) T
for O
the O
management O
of O
acromegaly D

Are O
ABVD T
and O
MOPP/ABV T
truly O
equivalent O
for O
treating O
Hodgkin D
's D
disease D
at O
advanced O
stages O
? O

Paclitaxel T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
lymphoma D

Montelukast T
, T
a T
leukotriene-receptor T
antagonist T
, T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
mild D
asthma D
and D
exercise-induced D
bronchoconstriction D

Atypical O
antipsychotic T
agents T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
Schizophrenia D
and D
other D
psychiatric D
disorders D

Percutaneous T
transluminal T
angioplasty T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
renovascular D
hypertension D
: O
sequential O
prospective O
study O

Esophageal T
intubation T
for O
palliative O
treatment O
in O
advanced D
carcinoma D
of D
the D
esophagus D
and D
cardia D

Pathological O
staging O
and O
biochemical O
recurrence O
after O
neoadjuvant T
androgen T
deprivation T
therapy T
in O
combination O
with O
radical T
prostatectomy T
in O
clinically O
localized O
prostate D
cancer D

How O
often O
does O
surgery T
for O
peptic D
ulceration D
eradicate O
Helicobacter O
pylori O
? O
Systematic O
review O
of O
36 O
studies O

A O
comparison O
of O
noninvasive T
positive-pressure T
ventilation T
and O
conventional T
mechanical T
ventilation T
in O
patients O
with O
acute D
respiratory D
failure D

Long-term O
safety O
and O
effectiveness O
of O
iron-chelation T
therapy T
with T
deferiprone T
for O
thalassemia D
major D

Positron O
emission O
tomography O
in O
assessing O
response O
to O
neoadjuvant T
chemotherapy T
for O
non-small-cell D
lung D
cancer D

Reconstruction O
of O
thoracic O
wall O
defects O
after O
tumor D
resection T
using O
a O
polytetrafluoroethylene O
soft O
tissue O
( O
Gore-Tex O
) O
patch O

A O
comparison O
of O
rectal T
diazepam T
gel T
and O
placebo O
for O
acute D
repetitive D
seizures D

Effect O
of O
long-term O
salmeterol T
treatment T
on O
exercise-induced D
asthma D

Randomized O
trial O
of O
intensive T
cyclophosphamide T
, T
epirubicin T
, T
and T
fluorouracil T
chemotherapy T
compared O
with O
cyclophosphamide T
, T
methotrexate T
, T
and T
fluorouracil T
in O
premenopausal O
women O
with O
node-positive D
breast D
cancer D

Acute O
effect O
of O
lorazepam T
on O
respiratory O
muscles O
in O
patients O
with O
chronic D
obstructive D
pulmonary D
disease D

Low-molecular-weight T
heparins T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
venous D
thromboembolism D

5-year O
outcome O
of O
surgical T
resection T
and O
watchful O
waiting O
for O
men O
with O
moderately O
symptomatic O
benign D
prostatic D
hyperplasia D
: O
a O
Department O
of O
Veterans O
Affairs O
cooperative O
study O

For O
how O
long O
should O
antipsychotic T
medication T
be O
continued O
after O
the O
first O
psychotic D
episode D
in D
schizophrenics D
? O

IDA-FLAG T
( T
idarubicin T
, T
fludarabine T
, T
cytarabine T
, T
G-CSF T
) T
, O
an O
effective O
remission-induction T
therapy T
for O
poor-prognosis D
AML D
of D
childhood D
prior O
to O
allogeneic O
or O
autologous O
bone O
marrow O
transplantation O
: O
experiences O
of O
a O
phase O
II O
trial O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Effects O
of O
anal T
invasive T
treatment T
and O
incontinence D
on O
mental O
health O
and O
psychosocial O
functioning O
of O
adolescents O
with O
Hirshsprung D
's D
disease D
and O
low O
anorectal D
anomalies D

Single O
or O
double O
lung T
transplantation T
for O
pulmonary D
hypertension D

Interferon T
beta T
treatment T
for O
multiple D
sclerosis D

Ten-year O
disease O
free O
survival O
after O
transperineal T
sonography-guided T
iodine-125 T
brachytherapy T
with O
or O
without O
45-Gray T
external T
beam T
irradiation T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
patients O
with O
clinically O
localized O
, O
low O
to O
high O
Gleason D
grade D
prostate D
carcinoma D

Partial O
or O
near O
total O
pancreatectomy T
for O
persistent D
neonatal D
hyperinsulinaemic D
hypoglycaemia D
: O
the O
pathologist O
's O
role O

Radical T
prostatectomy T
for O
prostate D
cancer D
: O
the O
perineal O
approach O
increases O
the O
risk O
of O
surgically O
induced O
positive O
margins O
and O
capsular O
incisions O

Open T
capsulorrhaphy T
with T
suture T
anchors T
for O
recurrent D
anterior D
dislocation D
of D
the D
shoulder D

Intravenous T
immunoglobulin T
treatment T
in O
multiple D
sclerosis D

Randomised O
trial O
of O
irinotecan T
versus O
fluorouracil T
by O
continuous O
infusion O
after O
fluorouracil O
failure O
in O
patients O
with O
metastatic D
colorectal D
cancer D

The O
effectiveness O
of O
intraocular T
pressure T
reduction T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
normal-tension D
glaucoma D

Perceived O
contraindications O
to O
thrombolytic T
treatment T
in O
acute D
myocardial D
infarction D

Lignocaine T
or O
bupivacaine T
for O
digital D
ring D
block D

Steroids T
in O
lateral D
epicondylitis D

Steroids T
in O
De D
Quervain D
's D
tenosynovitis D

Antibiotics T
after O
dog D
bite D

Immobilisation T
after O
first O
anterior O
shoulder D
dislocation D

Stereotactic T
radiosurgery T
for O
acoustic D
neuroma D
: O
a O
Canadian O
perspective O

Anticytokine T
therapy T
-- O
a O
new O
era O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
rheumatoid D
arthritis D
? O

Control O
of O
the O
malignant D
hyperpyrexic D
syndrome D
in O
MHS O
swine O
by O
dantrolene T
sodium T

Hematopoietic T
stem-cell T
transplantation T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
severe D
combined D
immunodeficiency D

Low-dose T
clozapine T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
drug-induced D
psychosis D
in D
Parkinson D
's D
disease D

Comparing O
the O
efficacy O
and O
safety O
of O
fluoxetine T
and O
venlafaxine T
in O
outpatient D
depression D

Cost-effectiveness O
of O
interferon T
treatment T
for O
hepatitis D
C D

Hyperbaric T
oxygen T
therapy T
for O
children O
with O
cerebral D
palsy D

Peripheral T
retinal T
cryotherapy T
for O
postvitrectomy D
diabetic D
vitreous D
hemorrhage D
in O
phakic O
patients O

Hyperbaric T
or T
normobaric T
oxygen T
for O
acute D
carbon D
monoxide D
poisoning D
: O
a O
randomised O
controlled O
clinical O
trial O

Multicentre O
clinical O
evaluation O
of O
vigabatrin T
( T
Sabril T
) T
in O
mild D
to D
moderate D
partial D
epilepsies D

Matrix T
metalloproteinase T
inhibitors T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
cancer D

High O
dose O
cyclophosphamide T
with O
carboplatin T
: O
a O
tolerable O
regimen O
suitable O
for O
dose O
intensification O
in O
children O
with O
solid D
tumors D

Microsurgical T
treatment T
of O
supratentorial D
cavernous D
malformations D

Microsurgical T
treatment T
of O
infratentorial D
malformations D

Stereotactic T
radiosurgery T
for O
management O
of O
deep D
brain D
cavernous D
malformations D

Interferon-antibodies T
and O
the O
breakthrough O
phenomenon O
during O
ribavirin/interferon-alpha T
combination T
therapy T
and O
interferon-alpha T
monotherapy T
of O
patients O
with O
chronic D
hepatitis D
C D

Treatment O
of O
Barrett D
esophagus D
with O
argon T
plasma T
coagulation T
with T
acid T
suppression T
-- O
a O
prospective O
study O

Meta-analysis O
of O
typhoid D
vaccine T
efficacy O
trials O
showed O
that O
whole O
cell O
vaccines O
are O
more O
effective O
than O
either O
the O
oral O
, O
attenuated O
vaccine O
or O
the O
Vi O
polysaccharide O
vaccine O

Experimental O
vaccination T
against O
Mycoplasma D
agalactiae D
using O
different O
inactivated O
vaccines O

A O
randomized O
, O
controlled O
study O
in O
adults O
of O
the O
immunogenicity O
of O
a O
novel O
hepatitis D
B D
vaccine T
containing O
MF59 O
adjuvant O

Immunogenicity O
of O
three O
Haemophilus D
influenzae D
type D
b D
protein O
conjugate O
vaccines T
in O
HIV O
seropositive O
adults O
and O
analysis O
of O
predictors O
of O
vaccine O
response O

Vaccination T
against O
Schistosoma D
mansoni D
infection D
using O
74 O
kDa O
Schistosoma O
protein O
antigen O

Phase O
1 O
safety O
and O
immune O
response O
studies O
of O
a O
DNA T
vaccine T
encoding O
hepatitis D
B D
surface O
antigen O
delivered O
by O
a O
gene O
delivery O
device O

Protection O
of O
swine O
from O
foot-and-mouth D
disease D
with O
one O
dose O
of O
an O
all-D T
retro T
peptide T

Intranasal T
immunization T
with O
Chlamydia D
trachomatis D
, D
serovar D
E D
, O
protects O
from O
a O
subsequent O
vaginal O
challenge O
with O
the O
homologous O
serovar O

Mutants O
of O
cholera O
toxin O
as O
an O
effective O
and O
safe O
adjuvant O
for O
nasal D
influenza D
vaccine T

Field O
evaluation O
of O
the O
clinical O
effectiveness O
of O
vaccines T
against O
pertussis D
, D
measles D
, D
rubella D
and D
mumps D
: O
comments O

Transmural T
drainage T
of O
pancreatic D
fluid D
collections D
without O
electrocautery O
using O
the O
Seldinger O
technique O

Echocardiography-guided T
ethanol T
septal T
reduction T
for O
hypertrophic D
obstructive D
cardiomyopathy D

Alterations O
of O
monocyte O
function O
in O
patients O
with O
growth D
hormone D
( D
GH D
) D
deficiency D
: O
effect O
of O
substitutive O
GH T
therapy T

Comparison O
of O
the O
effects O
of O
salmeterol T
and O
ipratropium T
bromide T
on O
exercise O
performance O
and O
breathlessness O
in O
patients O
with O
stable D
chronic D
obstructive D
pulmonary D
disease D
. O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Safety O
trial O
with O
the O
5HT1B/1D T
agonist T
avitriptan T
( O
BMS-180048 O
) O
in O
patients O
with O
migraine D
who O
have O
experienced O
pressure D
, D
tightness D
, D
and/or D
pain D
in O
the O
chest O
, O
neck O
, O
and/or O
throat O
following O
sumatriptan T

Double O
blind O
, O
cluster O
randomised O
trial O
of O
low O
dose O
supplementation O
with O
vitamin T
A T
or O
beta T
carotene T
on O
mortality D
related D
to D
pregnancy D
in O
Nepal O
. O

Medical T
treatments T
for O
balding D
in O
men O

Carbon D
monoxide D
poisoning D
treated O
with O
hyperbaric T
oxygen T
: O
metabolic O
acidosis O
as O
a O
predictor O
of O
treatment O
requirements O

Medication T
received O
by O
patients O
with O
depression D
following O
the O
acute O
episode O
: O
adequacy O
and O
relation O
to O
outcome O

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Reduced D
bone D
density D
at O
completion O
of O
chemotherapy T
for O
a O
malignancy D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Surgical-site D
complications D
associated O
with O
a O
morphine T
nerve T
paste T
used O
for O
postoperative D
pain D
control D
after D
laminectomy D

Splenectomy T
during O
pregnancy O
: O
an O
option O
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
autoimmune D
thrombocytopenic D
purpura D

Melatonin T
treatment T
of O
sleep-wake D
cycle D
disorders D
in O
children O
and O
adolescents O

Randomized O
phase O
II O
study O
of O
the O
neurokinin T
1 T
receptor T
antagonist T
CJ-11 T
, T
974 T
in O
the O
control O
of O
cisplatin-induced D
emesis D

Cataract D
surgery T
and O
its O
effect O
on O
intraocular O
pressure O

The O
outcome O
of O
arthroscopic T
treatment T
of O
temporomandibular D
joint D
arthropathy D

Neostigmine T
for O
acute D
colonic D
pseudo-obstruction D

New O
vaccine T
targets O
childhood D
pneumonia D

A O
comparison O
of O
botulinum T
toxin T
and O
nitroglycerin T
ointment T
for O
chronic D
anal D
fissure D

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
The O
effect O
of O
bisoprolol T
on O
perioperative D
mortality D
and O
myocardial D
infarction D
in O
high-risk O
patients O
undergoing O
vascular T
surgery T

Surgical T
management T
of O
severe D
secondary D
peritonitis D

Early T
surgical T
treatment T
for O
supratentorial D
intracerebral D
hemorrhage D
: O
a O
randomized O
feasibility O
study O

Evaluation O
of O
clomipramine T
as O
an O
adjunct O
to O
behavioural T
therapy T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
separation-related D
problems D
in O
dogs O

NICE O
to O
rule O
on O
influenza D
flu D
drug O
zanamivir T

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Longitudinal D
melanonychia D
associated O
with O
hydroxyurea T
therapy T
in O
a O
patient O
with O
essential D
thrombocytosis D

Biologic O
markers O
as O
predictors O
of O
clinical O
outcome O
from O
systemic T
therapy T
for O
primary O
operable O
breast D
cancer D

Treatment O
of O
hypertension D
with O
ascorbic T
acid T

Postoperative D
peritonitis D
originating O
from O
the O
duodenum O
: O
operative O
management O
by O
intubation T
and T
continuous T
intraluminal T
irrigation T

Efficacy O
of O
open-bite D
treatment O
with O
the O
Thera-spoon T

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Pompholyx D
( D
vesicular D
eczema D
) D
after O
i.v T
. T
immunoglobulin T
therapy T
for O
neurologic D
disease D

Mitomycin T
, T
ifosfamide T
, T
and T
cisplatin T
in O
unresectable D
non-small-cell D
lung D
cancer D
: O
effects O
on O
survival O
and O
quality O
of O
life O
. O

Hepatic O
arterial O
infusion O
of O
chemotherapy T
after O
resection T
of O
hepatic D
metastases D
from O
colorectal D
cancer D

Waiting O
for O
the O
definitive O
trial O
of O
hepatic T
arterial T
chemotherapy T
for O
colorectal D
cancer D

Phase O
III O
randomized O
study O
of O
cisplatin T
versus O
paclitaxel T
versus O
cisplatin T
and T
paclitaxel T
in O
patients O
with O
suboptimal O
stage O
III O
or O
IV O
ovarian D
cancer D
: O
a O
gynecologic O
oncology O
group O
study O

Evidence O
for O
double O
resistance O
to O
permethrin T
and T
malathion T
in O
head D
lice D

Urgent O
colonoscopy T
for O
the O
diagnosis O
and O
treatment O
of O
severe D
diverticular D
hemorrhage D

Treatment O
of O
Parkinson D
's D
disease D
should O
begin O
with O
a O
dopamine T
agonist T

< O
TO_SEE O
> O
Ulceration D
in O
an O
ileocolic D
anastomosis D
treated O
with O
ranitidin T

Low-molecular-weight T
heparin T
vs O
heparin T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
patients O
with O
pulmonary D
embolism D

Radiotherapy T
in O
breast-conserving T
treatment T
for O
ductal D
carcinoma D
in O
situ O
: O
first O
results O
of O
the O
EORTC O
randomised O
phase O
III O
trial O
10853 O

Methadone T
maintenance T
vs O
180-day O
psychosocially O
enriched O
detoxification T
for O
treatment O
of O
opioid D
dependence D
: O
a O
randomized O
controlled O
trial O

Cryogen O
spray O
cooling O
during O
Nd T
: T
YAG T
laser T
treatment T
of O
hemangiomas D

Effects O
of O
tolcapone T
, T
a T
catechol-O-methyltransferase T
inhibitor T
, O
on O
motor O
symptoms O
and O
pharmacokinetics O
of O
levodopa T
in O
patients O
with O
Parkinson D
's D
disease D
. O

Gene T
therapy T
for O
cancer D

Therapeutic O
effects O
of O
LDL T
apheresis T
in O
the O
prevention O
of O
atherosclerosis D

Dry T
powdered T
formoterol T
, O
twice O
a O
day O
versus O
aerosolized T
salbutamol T
, O
four O
times O
a O
day O
, O
in O
patients O
with O
stable D
asthma D

Cell-based T
vaccination T
against O
melanoma D
-- O
background O
, O
preliminary O
results O
, O
and O
perspective O

Celecoxib T
for O
arthritis D

Poliomyelitis D
prevention O
: O
revised O
recommendations O
for O
use O
of O
inactivated O
and O
live O
oral O
poliovirus D
vaccines T

Mesh O
plug O
repair O
and O
groin D
hernia D
surgery T

Brimonidine T
tartrate T
0.2 O
% O
twice O
daily O
vs O
timolol T
0.5 O
% O
twice O
daily O
: O
1-year O
results O
in O
glaucoma D
patients O

Ticarcillin/clavulanate T
versus O
imipenem/cilistatin T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
infections D
associated D
with D
gangrenous D
and D
perforated D
appendicitis D

Is O
zero O
dose O
oral O
polio D
vaccine T
effective O
in O
preterm O
babies O
? O

An O
economic O
analysis O
of O
different O
strategies O
of O
immunization T
against O
hepatitis D
A D
virus D
in O
developed O
countries O

Issues O
and O
challenges O
with O
antithrombotic T
therapy T
in O
diabetic O
patients O
with O
acute D
coronary D
syndromes D

Global O
risk O
assessment O
for O
lipid T
therapy T
to O
prevent O
coronary D
heart D
disease D

The O
role O
of O
fibric T
acid T
derivatives T
in O
the O
secondary O
prevention O
of O
coronary D
heart D
disease D

Epoetin T
: O
a O
pharmacoeconomic O
review O
of O
its O
use O
in O
chronic D
renal D
failure D
and O
its O
effects O
on O
quality O
of O
life O

Rationale O
for O
the O
use O
of O
antiplatelet T
drugs T
in O
patients O
with O
peripheral D
vascular D
disease D

The O
fluoroquinolones T
for O
urinary D
tract D
infections D
: O
a O
review O

Reduction O
of O
vasoreactivity D
and O
thrombogenicity D
with O
laser-thermal T
angioplasty T
: O
comparison O
with O
balloon T
angioplasty T

Effects O
of O
ultrasound T
energy T
on O
total D
peripheral D
artery D
occlusions D
: O
initial O
angiographic O
and O
angioscopic O
results O
. O

High-dose T
chemotherapy T
with T
autologous T
stem-cell T
support T
for O
epithelial D
ovarian D
cancer D

Pelvic T
floor T
stimulation T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
adult D
urinary D
incontinence D

Chronic T
vagus T
nerve T
stimulation T
for O
treatment O
of O
seizures D

`` T
Tandem T
'' T
high-dose T
chemoradiotherapy T
with T
autologous T
stem-cell T
support T
in O
the O
treatment O
of O
newly O
diagnosed O
or O
responsive O
multiple D
myeloma D

Special O
report O
: O
comparative O
efficacy O
of O
different O
types O
of O
pneumatic T
compression T
pumps T
for O
the O
treatment O
of O
lymphedema D

Special O
report O
: O
pressure-reducing T
support T
surfaces T
in O
the O
prevention O
and O
treatment O
of O
pressure D
ulcers D
: O
group O
1 O
technologies O

Intravenous T
immune T
globulin T
for O
recurrent D
spontaneous D
abortion D

External T
counterpulsation T
for O
treatment O
of O
chronic D
stable D
angina D
pectoris D

Intra-articular T
hyaluronan T
injections T
for O
treatment O
of O
osteoarthritis D
of O
the O
knee O

Pneumococcal D
vaccine T
: O
a O
second O
look O