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<h2 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.perforce.com/products/helix-core/install-helix-core-server-client#tab-panel-43016">安装</a></h2><p>安装后会自动配好环境变量 p4v是图形化客户端， p4是命令行，wincmd 直接执行p4应该有输出。<br>windows 默认安装位置在这里 C:\Program Files\Perforce<br>p4的命令很多，这里只讲最重要的几项</p>
<h2 id="登录："><a href="#登录：" class="headerlink" title="登录："></a>登录：</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">p4 -u your_user_name login -h remote_address:port <span class="comment"># 登录</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">p4 client -S //JamCode/main/... //workspacename/... [workspacename] </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">''</span><span class="string">'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">映射工作区 -S 指 stream 就是远程分支的路径一般都以//开始 workspace是工作区的名字，这一项可选，但最好赋予一个你能记住的名字，</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Windows 注意要修改根目录，这个根目录的位置由你自己决定, </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">比如盘符:\子文件夹1\子文件夹2 这个位置可以任意指定</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">也可以映射多个服务器的目录到一个工作区内</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">'</span><span class="string">''</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#To map the same server directory to more than one client workspace directory, use the & sign.</span></span><br><span class="line">//depot/... //bruno-client/... </span><br><span class="line">&//depot/and/tools/... //workspacename/and/utility1/... </span><br><span class="line">&//depot/and/tools/... //workspacename/and/utility2/...</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">To specify a workspace on Windows that spans multiple drives, use a `Root:` of `null`, and specify the drive letters <span class="keyword">in</span> the workspace view. For instance, the following workspace spec with a `null` root maps `//depot/main/...` to an area of the `C:` drive, and other releases to the `D:` drive:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">''</span><span class="string">' 这个windows下一个工作空间对应多个映射的例子值得看看'</span><span class="string">''</span></span><br><span class="line">Client: eds_win</span><br><span class="line">Owner: edk</span><br><span class="line">Description:</span><br><span class="line"> Ed<span class="string">'s Windows Workspace</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Root: null</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Options: nomodtime noclobber</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">SubmitOptions: submitunchanged</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">View:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> //depot/main/... "//eds_win/c:/Current Release/..."</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> //depot/rel1.0/... //eds_win/d:/old/rel1.0/...</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> //depot/rel2.0/... //eds_win/d:/old/rel2.0/...</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="配置目录内的环境变量"><a href="#配置目录内的环境变量" class="headerlink" title="配置目录内的环境变量"></a>配置目录内的环境变量</h2><p>在你的工作区目录建立一个p4config.txt 比如 我这里使用 G:\Game1<br>这样我在这个文件夹内使用p4 命令时会自动读取这个位置文件内的环境变量，比较方便。而且这个环境变量不是全局的，仅在这个目录生效。</p>
<figure class="highlight txt"><figcaption><span>p4config.txt</span></figcaption><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">P4USER=your_user_name</span><br><span class="line">P4HOST=your_computer_name</span><br><span class="line">P4CLIENT=your_workspace_name</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">p4 sync <span class="comment">#同步到本地</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>p4和git还是有很大区别的。文件不检出就只能以只读形式打开。签出后即可你的工作区删改。<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.perforce.com/manuals/cmdref/Content/CmdRef/p4_edit.html">P4命令</a></p>
<h2 id="概念剖析"><a href="#概念剖析" class="headerlink" title="概念剖析"></a>概念剖析</h2><p>下文中的工作空间和客户端是同一含义，故不再做区分。<br>这个是我用super用户在服务端上显示工作空间的输出，用其他用户也能查询这个信息。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@lucid-node-2 ~]# p4 clients</span><br><span class="line">Client Crpg_TJ 2022/06/22 root J:\Unreal Projects\Crpg_TJ 'Created by liyi. '</span><br><span class="line">Client Crpg_game_luhao 2022/06/19 root G:\Crpg_demo 'Created by luhao. '</span><br><span class="line">Client DevBranch 2022/06/22 root /Users/lezhou/Perforce/DevBranch 'Created by zhoule. '</span><br><span class="line">Client G:\GameProject\ 2023/06/21 root c:\Users\win10\.cargo\bin 'Created by zuojiaqi. '</span><br><span class="line">Client Nemesis 2023/06/21 root c:\Users\win10\.cargo\bin 'Created by zuojiaqi. '</span><br><span class="line">Client luhao_tvpn_1299 2022/06/24 root D:\Crpg_TJ_demo 'Created by luhao. '</span><br><span class="line">Client luhao_tvpn_2932 2022/06/19 root D:\Crpg_game 'Created by luhao. '</span><br><span class="line">Client luhao_tvpn_950 2022/06/24 root D:\Crpg_TJ_demo 'Created by luhao. '</span><br><span class="line">Client yuanrui_tvpn_275 2023/06/17 root D:\PerForceProject 'Created by yuanrui. '</span><br><span class="line">Client yuanrui_tvpn_3145 2023/06/19 root D:\yuanrui_tvpn_3145 'Created by yuanrui. '</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这两组命令的含义是等价的</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">p4 clients/workspaces #列出全部工作空间</span><br><span class="line">p4 client/workspace # 配置我的工作空间</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>Client后每一项的含义：<br>|名字（工作空间的）| 创建时间 | 根位置（根位置就是本地路径）| 创建者<br>这是在客户端使用p4 client 映射本地工作空间的输出。<br>值得注意的是Root Stream还有StreamView三项</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">> p4 client -S //JamCode/main bugfree</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">''</span><span class="string">'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># A Perforce Client Specification.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">#</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># Client: The client name.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># Update: The date this specification was last modified.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># Access: The date this client was last used in any way.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># Owner: The Perforce user name of the user who owns the client</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># workspace. The default is the user who created the</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># client workspace.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># Host: If set, restricts access to the named host.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># Description: A short description of the client (optional).</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># Root: The base directory of the client workspace.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># AltRoots: Up to two alternate client workspace roots.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># Options: Client options:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># [no]allwrite [no]clobber [no]compress</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># [un]locked [no]modtime [no]rmdir</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># SubmitOptions:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># submitunchanged/submitunchanged+reopen</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># revertunchanged/revertunchanged+reopen</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># leaveunchanged/leaveunchanged+reopen</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># LineEnd: Text file line endings on client: local/unix/mac/win/share.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># Type: Type of client: writeable/readonly/graph/partitioned.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># ServerID: If set, restricts access to the named server.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># View: Lines to map depot files into the client workspace.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># ChangeView: Lines to restrict depot files to specific changelists.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># Stream: The stream to which this client'</span>s view will be dedicated.</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># (Files in stream paths can be submitted only by dedicated</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># stream clients.) When this optional field is set, the</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># View field will be automatically replaced by a stream</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># view as the client spec is saved.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># StreamAtChange: A changelist number that sets a back-in-time view of a</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># stream ( Stream field is required ).</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># Changes cannot be submitted when this field is set.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># Use 'p4 help client' to see more about client views and options.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">''</span><span class="string">'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Client: bugfree </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Update: 2023/06/21 21:09:52</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Access: 2023/06/21 21:09:32</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Owner: zuojiaqi</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Host: Nemesis 主机名也很重要，你在哪个主机上用哪个用户打开的这个工作区是受到限制的</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Description:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> Created by zuojiaqi.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Root: G:\GameProject</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Options: noallwrite noclobber nocompress unlocked nomodtime normdir</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">SubmitOptions: submitunchanged</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">LineEnd: local</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Stream: //JamCode/main</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">View:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> //JamCode/main/... //bugfree/...</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.perforce.com/manuals/cmdref/Content/CmdRef/p4_client.html#p4_client">p4client详细阅读</a></p>
<h2 id="忽略文件"><a href="#忽略文件" class="headerlink" title="忽略文件"></a>忽略文件</h2><p>项目路径下添加.p4ignore.txt去掉中间目录和debug信息。UE4编译时生成的中间文件是不需要用vcs跟踪的。<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hastebin.com/share/vuyegesisa.markdown">抄来的适合UE的ignorefile</a>可直接打开<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/sonstraza/Unreal-P4Ignore/blob/main/Perforce%20Ignore%20Guide.pdf">p4ignoreguide</a></p>
<h2 id="凭据"><a href="#凭据" class="headerlink" title="凭据"></a>凭据</h2><p>p4ticket有效时限12小时，这个应该可以在服务器侧更改。同时这个用户管理也可以和LDAP集成。</p>
<h2 id="常用命令"><a href="#常用命令" class="headerlink" title="常用命令"></a>常用命令</h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">p4 add/ delete 增加删除</span><br><span class="line">p4 edit filename 编辑文件/ 签出并编辑</span><br><span class="line">p4 shelve -c changelist_number # 对未提交的changelist在服务器端创建一个shelve区，允许其他人对这个shelve的变更引用到他们的工作区</span><br><span class="line">p4 changelist -d "变更描述"</span><br><span class="line">add/edit /delete 都反应在一个changelist中</span><br><span class="line">p4 submit -c changelist_number</span><br><span class="line">p4 revert</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="UE-引擎如何配置P4为VCS"><a href="#UE-引擎如何配置P4为VCS" class="headerlink" title="UE 引擎如何配置P4为VCS"></a>UE 引擎如何配置P4为VCS</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/547763516">补充阅读</a></p>
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<p>树莓派上安装特定的Volumio/<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://moodeaudio.org/">moodeaudio</a><br>/<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.runeaudio.com/documentation/quick-start/rpi-hardware-setup/">RuneAudio</a>/<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/rern/rAudio">rAudio</a><br>不同的系统对I2C DAC的支持不同<br>用官方的镜像烧录P Imager<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/">https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/</a><br>烧录系统镜像到SD卡上<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://volumio.github.io/docs/User_Manual/Quick_Start_Guide">https://volumio.github.io/docs/User_Manual/Quick_Start_Guide</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://moodeaudio.org/">https://moodeaudio.org/</a><br>安装spotify插件 （spotify 客户端）<br>moode Raspotify</p>
<p>接外置DAC输出模拟信号接音箱/耳机<br>移动端APP/网页实现远程控制</p>
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<p>伪终端的概念<br>cat /pts/number 也是文件，可以读也可以写</p>
<p>在rust种如果使用std::process:Command来创建子进程执行ls –color=auto会丢失颜色。带着这个疑问找到<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/coreutils/coreutils">coreutils</a>查看ls.c源码</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">isatty() <span class="comment">// 通过文件描述符来判断输出是否是一个终端，缓存结果</span></span><br><span class="line">ttyname()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ldd ./target/debug/termius</span><br><span class="line">output:</span><br><span class="line">...</span><br><span class="line">...</span><br><span class="line">libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f4e15065000)</span><br><span class="line">...</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">nm -D /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 |grep -E 'isatty|ttyname'</span><br><span class="line">output:</span><br><span class="line">00000000001324d0 T __ttyname_r_chk</span><br><span class="line">0000000000112cc0 W isatty</span><br><span class="line">0000000000112580 T ttyname</span><br><span class="line">0000000000112900 W ttyname_r</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight rust"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">extern</span> <span class="string">"C"</span> { <span class="keyword">fn</span> <span class="title function_">isatty</span>(fd: c_int) <span class="punctuation">-></span> c_int;}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable">stdout_istty</span> = <span class="keyword">unsafe</span> { <span class="title function_ invoke__">isatty</span>(<span class="number">1</span>) };</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$</span><span class="language-bash">./target/debug/terminus <span class="built_in">tty</span> == <span class="literal">true</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$</span><span class="language-bash">./target/debug/terminus | <span class="built_in">cat</span> <span class="built_in">tty</span> == <span class="literal">false</span></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这里涉及知识可以看APUE管道<br>通过strace观察其实就是执行了ioctl</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/include/uapi/asm-generic/ioctls.h">为什么是0x5401</a></p>
<figure class="highlight rust"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> TCGETS: <span class="type">u64</span> = <span class="number">0x5401</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> buffer: <span class="type">usize</span> = <span class="number">32</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="keyword">mut </span><span class="variable">mysterious_buffer</span> = <span class="built_in">vec!</span>[<span class="number">0u8</span>; buffer];</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable">ret</span> = <span class="keyword">unsafe</span> { <span class="title function_ invoke__">ioctl</span>(<span class="number">1</span>, TCGETS, mysterious_buffer)}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 手搓 isatty</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">unsafe</span> <span class="keyword">fn</span> <span class="title function_">ioctl</span>(fd: <span class="type">u64</span>, cmd: <span class="type">u64</span>, arg: *<span class="keyword">mut</span> <span class="type">u8</span>) <span class="punctuation">-></span> <span class="type">i64</span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable">syscal_no</span>:<span class="type">u64</span> =<span class="number">16</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable">ret</span>: <span class="type">u64</span>;</span><br><span class="line">asm!(</span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"syscall"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_ invoke__">inout</span>(<span class="string">"rax"</span>) syscall_no => ret,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_ invoke__">in</span>(<span class="string">"rdi"</span>) fd,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_ invoke__">in</span>(<span class="string">"rsi"</span>) cmd,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_ invoke__">in</span>(<span class="string">"rdx"</span>) arg,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_ invoke__">lateout</span>(<span class="string">"rcx"</span>) _, <span class="title function_ invoke__">lateout</span>(<span class="string">"r11"</span>) _,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_ invoke__">options</span>(nostack)</span><br><span class="line">);</span><br><span class="line">ret <span class="keyword">as</span> <span class="type">i64</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>生成终端</p>
<figure class="highlight rust"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">unsafe</span> { <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable">ret</span> = libc::<span class="title function_ invoke__">openpty</span>(</span><br><span class="line"> &<span class="keyword">mut</span> fd1, </span><br><span class="line"> &<span class="keyword">mut</span> fd2, </span><br><span class="line"> std::ptr::<span class="title function_ invoke__">null_mut</span>(), </span><br><span class="line"> std::ptr::<span class="title function_ invoke__">null</span>(), </span><br><span class="line"> std::ptr::<span class="title function_ invoke__">null</span>()) };</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>ls 需要是controlling terminal 才可以，fork 会返回两次，一次是主进程，一次是子进程。我们必须在exec之前执行 login_tty才可以。 posix_spawn有一个get_closures</p>
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<p>Page fault不是软中断，而是一种硬件中断。下面是一些理由：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>触发机制：Page fault是由CPU硬件自动触发的，而不是通过软件指令主动引发的。当程序尝试访问不在物理内存中的页面时，CPU会检测到这一情况并引发page fault中断。</p>
</li>
<li><p>引发原因：Page fault的引发原因是在虚拟内存管理中发生了页面缺失（page not present）或访问权限违规等情况，而不是由于应用程序需要操作系统服务而显式触发的。</p>
</li>
<li><p>处理过程：Page fault的处理涉及到操作系统内核的底层页面管理机制，包括查找、分配和加载页面等操作。与软中断处理相比，page fault的处理过程更加复杂，并且涉及到操作系统内核的核心功能。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>虽然page fault与软中断在某种程度上都涉及中断处理和操作系统的干预，但它们的触发方式、引发原因和处理过程有着显著的区别。因此，page fault通常被认为是一种硬件中断，而不是软中断</p>
<p>Handling page faults in the Linux kernel involves several low-level details. Here’s a more in-depth explanation of the process:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Interrupt Handling: When a page fault occurs, the processor generates an interrupt, typically an “interrupt 14” or “interrupt 0xE.” This interrupt triggers the execution of the kernel’s page fault handler.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Exception Stacking: The processor pushes the current execution context, including the program counter and other registers, onto the kernel stack. This saves the state of the interrupted program for later resumption.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Page Fault Handler Invocation: The kernel’s page fault handler is invoked, usually through a specific interrupt vector or exception handler. It retrieves the faulting memory address from the processor’s registers.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Virtual Memory Lookup: The page fault handler begins by examining the faulting address to determine the memory access type (read, write, or execute) and the memory protection settings associated with the page.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Page Table Walk: The kernel uses the page directory and page tables to perform a hierarchical lookup of the virtual address. It traverses these data structures to find the corresponding page table entry (PTE) that maps the virtual address to a physical address or identifies the absence of the page.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Page Fault Reason Determination: Based on the page table entry, the handler determines the reason for the page fault. It could be due to a non-present page, a permission violation, a reserved bit violation, a stack growth, or other specific conditions.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Non-Present Page Handling: If the page is not present in physical memory, the kernel proceeds with the necessary steps to bring it in:</p>
<p>a. Allocate Physical Page: The kernel allocates a physical page frame, typically from a pool of free pages.</p>
<p>b. Disk I/O: If the required page is stored on secondary storage (e.g., swap space), the kernel initiates a disk I/O operation to load the page into the newly allocated physical page frame.</p>
<p>c. Page Table Update: Once the page is successfully loaded, the kernel updates the page table entry to reflect the new mapping between the virtual and physical addresses. It marks the page as present, sets the appropriate permissions, and clears any status flags indicating the absence of the page.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Permission Violation Handling: If the page fault was caused by a permission violation, the kernel checks the access rights specified in the page table entry against the requested operation. If the access is invalid, the kernel raises an appropriate exception (e.g., segmentation fault) to signal the error to the program.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Stack Growth: If the page fault occurred due to stack growth, the kernel allocates a new page for the stack and updates the page table entry accordingly. This allows the program’s stack to expand dynamically.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Exception Return: After handling the page fault, the kernel restores the saved execution context from the kernel stack, including the program counter and registers. Control is then returned to the interrupted program, which can resume execution with the page now accessible in physical memory.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>The low-level details can vary depending on the specific architecture and configuration of the Linux system, but this general outline illustrates the core steps involved in handling page faults at a low level in the Linux kernel.</p>
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<p>Windows下部分快捷键是全局生效的，截屏这个功能很多软件都提供，比如QQ就是用热键ctrl+alt+a来触发截屏功能，<br>今天突然发现失效了，怀疑是其他进程（比QQ客户端）先一步获取到了这个热键，于是查询发现spyxx能排查这一过程。之前在查看窗口对象的时候用过，是Visutal Studio安装时自带的工具，亦可单独下载。<br>排查步骤：<br>打开spy++ 监视选项卡-日志消息-消息选项页的窗口选项卡选择系统中所有窗口->然后点消息-> 全部清除要查看的消息，然后选中WM_HOTKEY 确定后按要探查的快捷键比如(ctrl + alt + a)然后到消息窗口中找到对应的那条日志就可以查看具体捕获这个快捷键的进程。也就定位问题原因了。</p>
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<p>无论是C还是JS或是Rust，任何一种编程语言在使用标准库读取文件的时候都需要系统调用，使用strace跟踪不难发现这一点openat/read/write/fstat/statx/close/mmap/munmap<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://j00ru.vexillium.org/syscalls/nt/64/">Windows X86_64系统调用表</a><br>每个进程的虚拟地址空间都是<strong>独立</strong>的，可执行文件在执行时会通过MMU被部分映射到内存的物理页上以降低执行延迟（如果可执行文件过大，不需要把全部可执行文件映射到物理页）<br>物理页和虚拟页的大小都是4Kib apple silicon 除外，它的页大小是16Kib<br>使用ripgrep 来访问/etc/host发现没有使用read系统调用。而是使用了mmap<br>映射文件到内存时，内核会把前4K大小的文件读取到缓冲区并设置页表，让用户进程能够访问。一旦进程读取超过4K大小的内容，就会触发页错误。<br>用汇编直接调用Linux x86_64 syscall来编程也是如此，Strace只跟踪到系统调用级别。<br>我们使用ftrace</p>
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<p>主线程栈大小是8MB，其他线程的栈大小是2MB</p>
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<p>WSL 侧</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rpm -qa|grep openssh-server # 查询</span><br><span class="line">sudo dnf install openssh-server # 安装</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">(Optional): permit root login # 修改配置</span><br><span class="line">vi /etc/ssh_ssh_config</span><br><span class="line">PermitRootLogin yes </span><br><span class="line">Port xxxx</span><br><span class="line">systemctl restart sshd # 重启生效</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>Windows 侧</p>
<figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenaddress=<span class="number">0.0</span>.<span class="number">0.0</span> listenport=<span class="variable">$proxy_port</span> connectaddress=<span class="variable">$wsl_ip</span> connectport=<span class="variable">$ssh_port</span> <span class="comment">#port forward</span></span><br><span class="line">netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name=”Open Port <span class="number">2222</span> <span class="keyword">for</span> WSL2” <span class="built_in">dir</span>=<span class="keyword">in</span> action=allow protocol=TCP localport=<span class="number">2222</span> <span class="comment"># open firewall for $proxy_port</span></span><br><span class="line">netsh interface portproxy show v4tov4 <span class="comment"># show command</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>添加公钥到WSL</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ssh-copy-id -i pubkey -p port username@machine</span><br><span class="line"># port 是windows的proxy_port</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>添加ssh别名</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Host Ailas</span><br><span class="line">Hostname IPADDR</span><br><span class="line">Port port</span><br><span class="line">User login_user</span><br><span class="line">IdentityFile privatekey</span><br><span class="line"># 保存后 ssh alias 即可</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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