03. Boston House Price Prediction.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from keras.datasets import boston_housing\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "from keras.models import Sequential\n",
    "from keras.layers import Dense\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "(train_data, train_targets), (test_data, test_targets) = boston_housing.load_data()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(404, 13)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "train_data.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(102, 13)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "test_data.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([15.2, 42.3, 50. , 21.1, 17.7, 18.5, 11.3, 15.6, 15.6, 14.4, 12.1,\n",
       "       17.9, 23.1, 19.9, 15.7,  8.8, 50. , 22.5, 24.1, 27.5, 10.9, 30.8,\n",
       "       32.9, 24. , 18.5, 13.3, 22.9, 34.7, 16.6, 17.5, 22.3, 16.1, 14.9,\n",
       "       23.1, 34.9, 25. , 13.9, 13.1, 20.4, 20. , 15.2, 24.7, 22.2, 16.7,\n",
       "       12.7, 15.6, 18.4, 21. , 30.1, 15.1, 18.7,  9.6, 31.5, 24.8, 19.1,\n",
       "       22. , 14.5, 11. , 32. , 29.4, 20.3, 24.4, 14.6, 19.5, 14.1, 14.3,\n",
       "       15.6, 10.5,  6.3, 19.3, 19.3, 13.4, 36.4, 17.8, 13.5, 16.5,  8.3,\n",
       "       14.3, 16. , 13.4, 28.6, 43.5, 20.2, 22. , 23. , 20.7, 12.5, 48.5,\n",
       "       14.6, 13.4, 23.7, 50. , 21.7, 39.8, 38.7, 22.2, 34.9, 22.5, 31.1,\n",
       "       28.7, 46. , 41.7, 21. , 26.6, 15. , 24.4, 13.3, 21.2, 11.7, 21.7,\n",
       "       19.4, 50. , 22.8, 19.7, 24.7, 36.2, 14.2, 18.9, 18.3, 20.6, 24.6,\n",
       "       18.2,  8.7, 44. , 10.4, 13.2, 21.2, 37. , 30.7, 22.9, 20. , 19.3,\n",
       "       31.7, 32. , 23.1, 18.8, 10.9, 50. , 19.6,  5. , 14.4, 19.8, 13.8,\n",
       "       19.6, 23.9, 24.5, 25. , 19.9, 17.2, 24.6, 13.5, 26.6, 21.4, 11.9,\n",
       "       22.6, 19.6,  8.5, 23.7, 23.1, 22.4, 20.5, 23.6, 18.4, 35.2, 23.1,\n",
       "       27.9, 20.6, 23.7, 28. , 13.6, 27.1, 23.6, 20.6, 18.2, 21.7, 17.1,\n",
       "        8.4, 25.3, 13.8, 22.2, 18.4, 20.7, 31.6, 30.5, 20.3,  8.8, 19.2,\n",
       "       19.4, 23.1, 23. , 14.8, 48.8, 22.6, 33.4, 21.1, 13.6, 32.2, 13.1,\n",
       "       23.4, 18.9, 23.9, 11.8, 23.3, 22.8, 19.6, 16.7, 13.4, 22.2, 20.4,\n",
       "       21.8, 26.4, 14.9, 24.1, 23.8, 12.3, 29.1, 21. , 19.5, 23.3, 23.8,\n",
       "       17.8, 11.5, 21.7, 19.9, 25. , 33.4, 28.5, 21.4, 24.3, 27.5, 33.1,\n",
       "       16.2, 23.3, 48.3, 22.9, 22.8, 13.1, 12.7, 22.6, 15. , 15.3, 10.5,\n",
       "       24. , 18.5, 21.7, 19.5, 33.2, 23.2,  5. , 19.1, 12.7, 22.3, 10.2,\n",
       "       13.9, 16.3, 17. , 20.1, 29.9, 17.2, 37.3, 45.4, 17.8, 23.2, 29. ,\n",
       "       22. , 18. , 17.4, 34.6, 20.1, 25. , 15.6, 24.8, 28.2, 21.2, 21.4,\n",
       "       23.8, 31. , 26.2, 17.4, 37.9, 17.5, 20. ,  8.3, 23.9,  8.4, 13.8,\n",
       "        7.2, 11.7, 17.1, 21.6, 50. , 16.1, 20.4, 20.6, 21.4, 20.6, 36.5,\n",
       "        8.5, 24.8, 10.8, 21.9, 17.3, 18.9, 36.2, 14.9, 18.2, 33.3, 21.8,\n",
       "       19.7, 31.6, 24.8, 19.4, 22.8,  7.5, 44.8, 16.8, 18.7, 50. , 50. ,\n",
       "       19.5, 20.1, 50. , 17.2, 20.8, 19.3, 41.3, 20.4, 20.5, 13.8, 16.5,\n",
       "       23.9, 20.6, 31.5, 23.3, 16.8, 14. , 33.8, 36.1, 12.8, 18.3, 18.7,\n",
       "       19.1, 29. , 30.1, 50. , 50. , 22. , 11.9, 37.6, 50. , 22.7, 20.8,\n",
       "       23.5, 27.9, 50. , 19.3, 23.9, 22.6, 15.2, 21.7, 19.2, 43.8, 20.3,\n",
       "       33.2, 19.9, 22.5, 32.7, 22. , 17.1, 19. , 15. , 16.1, 25.1, 23.7,\n",
       "       28.7, 37.2, 22.6, 16.4, 25. , 29.8, 22.1, 17.4, 18.1, 30.3, 17.5,\n",
       "       24.7, 12.6, 26.5, 28.7, 13.3, 10.4, 24.4, 23. , 20. , 17.8,  7. ,\n",
       "       11.8, 24.4, 13.8, 19.4, 25.2, 19.4, 19.4, 29.1])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "train_targets"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Feaute-wise normalization"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mean= train_data.mean(axis = 0)\n",
    "train_data -= mean\n",
    "std = train_data.std(axis = 0)\n",
    "train_data /= std\n",
    "test_data -= mean\n",
    "test_data /=std"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def build_model():\n",
    "    model = Sequential()\n",
    "    model.add(Dense(64, activation= 'relu', input_shape = (train_data.shape[1],)))\n",
    "    model.add(Dense(64, activation= 'relu'))\n",
    "    model.add(Dense(1))\n",
    "    model.compile(optimizer = 'rmsprop', loss='mse', metrics = ['mae'])\n",
    "    return model"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "k = 4\n",
    "num_val_samples = len(train_data) // k\n",
    "num_epochs = 100\n",
    "all_scores = []"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "#processing fold #: 0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num_epochs = 500\n",
    "all_mae_histories = []\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(k):\n",
    "    print('#processing fold #:', i)\n",
    "    val_data = train_data[i* num_val_samples: (i + 1) * num_val_samples]\n",
    "    val_targets = train_targets[i* num_val_samples: (i + 1) * num_val_samples]\n",
    "    \n",
    "    partial_train_data = np.concatenate(\n",
    "    [train_data[:i* num_val_samples],\n",
    "    train_data[(i+1) * num_val_samples:]], axis = 0)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    partial_train_targets = np.concatenate(\n",
    "    [train_targets[:i* num_val_samples],\n",
    "    train_targets[(i+1) * num_val_samples:]], axis = 0)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    model = build_model()\n",
    "    history = model.fit(partial_train_data, partial_train_targets,validation_data= (val_data, val_targets), epochs=num_epochs, batch_size =1, verbose = 0)\n",
    "    mae_history = history.history('val_mean_absolute_error')\n",
    "    all_mae_histories.append(mae_history)\n",
    "    val_mse, val_mae = model.evaluate(val_data, val_targets, verbose = 0)\n",
    "    all_scores.append(val_mae)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "all_scores"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Saving the validation logs at each fold"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "#processing fold #: 0\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'dict' object is not callable",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-41-104abb09d065>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     16\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mmodel\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbuild_model\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     17\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mhistory\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmodel\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfit\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpartial_train_data\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpartial_train_targets\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvalidation_data\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mval_data\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mval_targets\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mepochs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mnum_epochs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbatch_size\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mverbose\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 18\u001b[1;33m     \u001b[0mmae_history\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mhistory\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mhistory\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'val_mean_absolute_error'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m     19\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mall_mae_histories\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mappend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmae_history\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'dict' object is not callable"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num_epochs = 500\n",
    "all_mae_histories = []\n",
    "for i in range(k):\n",
    "    print('#processing fold #:', i)\n",
    "    val_data = train_data[i* num_val_samples: (i + 1) * num_val_samples]\n",
    "    val_targets = train_targets[i* num_val_samples: (i + 1) * num_val_samples]\n",
    "    \n",
    "    partial_train_data = np.concatenate(\n",
    "    [train_data[:i* num_val_samples],\n",
    "    train_data[(i+1) * num_val_samples:]], axis = 0)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    partial_train_targets = np.concatenate(\n",
    "    [train_targets[:i* num_val_samples],\n",
    "    train_targets[(i+1) * num_val_samples:]], axis = 0)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    model = build_model()\n",
    "    history = model.fit(partial_train_data, partial_train_targets,validation_data= (val_data, val_targets), epochs=num_epochs, batch_size =1, verbose = 0)\n",
    "    mae_history = history.history('val_mean_absolute_error')\n",
    "    all_mae_histories.append(mae_history)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "average_mae = [np.mean([x[i] for x in all_mae_historires]) for i in range(num_epochs)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plt.plot(range(1, len(average_mae) + 1), average_mae)\n",
    "plt.xlabel('Epochs')\n",
    "plt.ylabel('Validation MAE')\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Plotting validation, excluding the first 10 data-points"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def smooth_curve(points, factor = 0.9):\n",
    "    smoothed_point = []\n",
    "    for point in points:\n",
    "        if smoothed_points:\n",
    "            previous = smoothed_points[-1]\n",
    "            smoothed_points.append(previous*factor + point * (1 - factor))\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            smoothed_points.append(point)\n",
    "    return smoothed_points"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "smoothed_mae_history = smooth_curve(average_mae)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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