An Implementation of Allen's Interval Algebra in Haskell.
This library provides a monadic way to perform computations related to Allen's interval algebra. The interval network strucutre is implicitly updated upon the creation of a new interval and when a set of relations is applied to two intervals.
This library is based off of the interval algebra described in Maintaining Knowledge about Temporal Intervals, and Allen's Interval Algebra.
Assume a situation with three intervals:
- I am walking.
- I am talking.
- My friend calls me.
and assume that we know the following:
- When I am walking, I am not talking.
- When my friend called me, I started talking.
we can easily compute the relations between when I was walking and when my friend called me:
calc :: Allen [Relation]
calc = do
walking <- interval
talking <- interval
friend <- interval
assumeSet walking [Precedes, Meets, MetBy, PrecededBy] talking
assume friend Starts talking
relations <- getConstraints walking friend
return (fromBits relations)
main :: IO ()
main = print $ evalAllen calc
And this gives the result:
[Precedes,Meets,PrecededBy]
Which means that we can deduce that walking either happens before, directly before, or after my friend calls.
Consider the following sentence:
John was not in the room when I touched the switch to turn on the light.
From this sentence we can derive three intervals R, S, and L where R is the time that John was in the room, S is the time where the light switched was touched, and L the time where the light was on.
From the sentence, we know at least the following:
- S overlaps or meets *L
- S is before, meets, is met by, or is after R.
To represent this as a reusable network, the following code can be written:
network :: Allen (IntervalID, IntervalID, IntervalID)
network = do
r <- interval
s <- interval
l <- interval
assumeSet s [Overlaps, Meets] l
assumeSet s [Precedes, Meets, MetBy, PrecededBy] r
return (r, s, l)
If we wanted to learn the possible relations between r and l the following code
can be used (NOTE that evalAllen
is used to actually evaluate the calculation):
relationsRL :: [Relation]
relationsRL = evalAllen $ do
-- Use the previously constructed network
-- `s` is discarded since it is not used
(r, _, l) <- network
-- `getConstraints` returns the bitset of relations
fromBits <$> getConstraints r l
Running the above code, we get the following result:
[Precedes,Starts,Equals,StartedBy,During,Finishes,OverlappedBy,MetBy,PrecededBy]
Assume that at some point we learn the following extra information:
L overlaps, starts, or is during R.
To calculate the updated relations between L and R and between S and R the following code can be used.
updatedRelations :: ([Relation], [Relation])
updatedRelations = evalAllen $ do
(r, s, l) <- network
assumeSet l [Starts, Overlaps, During] r
lrRelations <- fromBits <$> getConstraints l r
srRelations <- fromBits <$> getConstraints s r
return (lrRelations, srRelations)
This would provide the result:
([Overlaps,Starts],[Precedes,Meets])
To view more information for library functions, you can view the documentation for this library here.
You can use an interactive REPL to perform calculations from the command line. Executables are available for both Linux and Windows.
You can download the interactive version here: