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CONTENTS

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION
2. BMS SYSTEM SETUP
    2.1 HARDWARE SETUP
    2.2 SOFTWARE SETUP
    2.3 TEST SETUP AND EVALUTION RESULTS
3. REFERENCES
4. Contact Us

1. INTRODUCTION

The main function of a Battery Monitoring System(BMS) is to keep the different cells of the battery pack inside their safe operating area. The ADBMS1818 Multicell Battery Stack Monitor described in this application note is a solution featuring the ADBMS1818, an Analog Devices, Inc., cell monitoring IC.

This application note introduces the ABMS1818 Multicell Battery Stack Monitor which is an evaluation platform, consisting of the following boards.

  • BMCU Board Unit (see Figure 1: BMCU Board Unit)

  • ADBMS1818 Slave unit (see Figure 2: EVAL-ADBMS1818 Slave)

  • DC2472A 18-Cell Stimulus Board
    This application note also describes the system setup from a hardware and software perspective. Refer to the ADBMS1818 data sheet and the master unit documentation linked in the References section while using this application note.

    Figure 1. BMCU Board Unit
    Figure 1. BMCU Board Unit

    Figure 2. BMCU Board Unit
    Figure 2. EVAL-ADBMS1818 Slave

2. BMS SYSTEM SETUP

This section describes the evaluation of the ADBMS1818 platform and lists the required steps for both hardware and software setup.

Figure 3: BMCU Block Diagram shows the main elements and interconnections of the BMS system. The implementation (the number of slave units, the size of the battery) depend on the user application and specifications.

Figure 3. BMCU Block Diagram
Figure 3. BMCU Block Diagram

  2.1 HARDWARE SETUP

This section focuses on the main elements that intercommunicate in the system. Check References for the required hardware.

Equipment Manufacturer Part Number / Description
BMCU Board Analog Devices ADI BMCU Board
EVAL-ADBMS1818 Slave board Analog Devices EVAL-ADBMS1818Z
JTAG Debugger Maxim Integrated MAX32625PICO#
Battery Simulator Board Analog Devices DC2472A
USB Cable Generic USB 2.0 Type-C to Type-A Male
Duraclik-Ethernet cable Custom Make 2 x Custom cables [For more details refer Section 2.1 Cable connections]
RJ45 Ethernet Generic RJ45 Ethernet Patch Internet Cable

Table 2. BMCU System Hardware Components

BMCU Board:

The BMCU board unit is comprised of the following main components:

  • BMCU board consists of Microcontroller MAX32626ITK+ is present with ARM Cortex-M4 FPU Processor.
  • USB Interface is available on the board for communication as well as power supply source.
  • 2 IsoSPI ports and 2 Standard SPI(FRC) are available for communication with EVAL-ADBMS1818 slaves
  • Onboard EEPROM is provided, connected via I2C.
  • Arduino Shield connectors are available for extending the functionality of board.
  • Isolated CAN Interface is provided using a SPI to CAN controller.

EVAL-ADBMS1818 Slave board:

The ADBMS1818 is a multicell battery stack monitor that measures up to 18 series connected battery cells with a total measurement error of less than 3mV. The cell measurement range of 0V to 5V makes the ADBMS1818 suitable for most battery chemistries. All 18 cells can be measured in 290μs, and lower data acquisition rates can be selected for high noise reduction.

Multiple ADBMS1818 devices can be connected in series, permitting simultaneous cell monitoring of long, high voltage battery strings. Each ADBMS1818 has an isoSPI interface for high speed, RF immune, long-distance communications. Multiple devices are connected in a daisy chain with one host processor connection for all devices. This daisy chain can be operated bidirectionally, ensuring communication integrity, even in the event of a fault along the communication path.

The ADBMS1818 can be powered directly from the battery stack or from an isolated supply. The ADBMS1818 includes passive balancing for each cell, with individual PWM duty cycle control for each cell. Other features include an onboard 5V regulator, nine general purpose I/O lines and a sleep mode, where current consumption is reduced to 6μA.

Using the DC2472A 18-Cell Simulator Demo Board:

The DC2472A USB powered board provides a simple battery stack simulator and can be used to mimic up to 18 cells connected in series. The number of output rails (cells) can be reduced and adjusted using the jumpers. This board simulates 1V5 and 4V2 per cell, which is suitable for several battery chemistries

Make connections of the BMCU boards with EVAL-ADBMS1818 boards as shown in Figure 3: BMCU Block Diagram.

Cable connections:

  1. USB Cable: This is a generic USB 2.0 Type-C to Type-A Male cable used to connect and power the BMCU board from Host PC.
    E.g. https://www.amazon.com/AmazonBasics-Type-C-USB-Male-Cable/dp/B01GGKYKQM/ref=sr_1_3?keywords=usb+type+c+2.0&qid=1672736825&sprefix=usb+type+c+2.0%2Caps%2C383&sr=8-3

  2. DuraClik Cable: This is a custom made duraclik to ethernet which can be assambled as per below instructions:

Duraclick-Ethernet Cable Details
Duraclick-Ethernet Cable Details

 * Cut One Ethernet Cable (from EVAL-ADBMS1818) in two equal parts
 * Cut two # 797581009 crimped cables into half
 * Insert the crimped cables in the Duraclik Connector # 5023510200
 * Join the ethernet cable and duraclik cable with solder.            

 This cable is used to connect and communicate ADBMS1818 board with BMCU board.
  1. JTAG: JTAG Debugger and programmer is used for flashing the firmware on to the board through a 10-pin connector.

  2.2 SOFTWARE SETUP

The software, documentation, and workspace required for software setup and use are all open source and free to download (see the References section).

C-code files must be compiled to generate the firmware (the binary file) with which the microcontroller max32626 on ADI BMCU Board is flashed.

BMCU Software Name Function
Maxim’s Software Toolchain ARMCortexToolchain This tool chain install’s maxim’s Eclipse IDE with required plugins
Integrated Development Environment Eclipse This component is used for compiling the whole project consisting of C/C++ files

Table 1. BMCU System Software Components

Installation of Eclipse IDE.

  • Download & install ARM Cortex Toolchain from “ARMCortexToolchain.exe ” and the version is 1.2.0 or above.
  • Run the above downloaded ARM Cortex Toolchain.
  • While installing it will ask to select the plugins. select all. It consists of Eclipse CDT, GNU Tools etc.., which are required for the project.
  • After Installation is done, in the installed folder under Maxim directory eclipse bat script will be available, run that script for using eclipse IDE.

For building the project, follow the steps mentioned below.

  • Download the BMS Firmware (see the Reference Section).
  • Run Eclipse IDE.
  • Create a folder for workspace and select it as workspace location in Eclipse IDE.
  • Import the extracted project.
  • Build the project

For programming the BMCU board, follow the steps mentioned below:

  • Connect the JTAG debugger(MAX32625PICO#) betwwen 10Pin connector and Host through USB cable. This should map USB drive on the Host PC.
  • To program the executable onto the BMCU board, drag and drop the executable from "build\BMS_Master.elf" to MAX32625PICO# programmer folder/drive
  • After flashing the executable, “Status LED” on BMCU board will glow with a stedy green color.

For debugging the project, follow the steps mentioned below:

  • Add a run configuration in Eclipse IDE with required details such as elf location(“build\BMS_Master.elf”) in C/C++ applicationfield of Main tab, set the executable field with “openocd”, config options with “-s ${env_var:TOOLCHAIN_PATH}/share/openocd/scripts -f interface/cmsis-dap.cfg -f target/MAX32625.cfg” of Debugger tab.
  • Run the project on IDE.
  • After running the project, “Status LED” on BMCU board will glow with a stedy green color.

Running GUI:

  • Download BMCU Board GUI Executable(see the Reference Section).
  • Open the extracted BMCU Board GUI Executable folder and over there open the application named ADI_BMS_Master
  • After opening in the PC/Host configuration Tab set the required configuration data like OV, UV thresholds, COM port, baud rate, number of boards.
  • Check the GUI user guide for detailed information, check References for link

Figure 4. BMCU Board GUI
Figure 4. BMCU Board GUI

  2.3 TEST SETUP AND EVALUTION RESULTS

After making connections as per figure 3. launch the GUI application and fill in the required details.

After having started the GUI with configuration data, In first tab(PC/Host Configuration) stack voltage vs time graphs as plotted for each board as shown in Figure 5: GUI - PC/Host Configuration Tab

In board tabs, real time cell voltages, gpio voltages are filled. The graph is plotted for the selected cells as shown in Figure 6: GUI - Board Tab

Figure 5. GUI - PC/Host Configuration Tab
Figure 5. GUI - PC/Host Configuration Tab

Figure 6. GUI - Board Tab
Figure 6. GUI - Board Tab

3. REFERENCES

No. Document Path
1. Firmware Code https://github.com/ArrowElectronics/BCMU/tree/Development/Source/BMS_Master
2. GUI Application Code https://github.com/ArrowElectronics/BCMU/tree/Development/Source/ADI_BMS_UI
3. GUI User Guide https://github.com/ArrowElectronics/BCMU/blob/Development/Documents/ei_SW_BMS_GUI_User_Guide.pdf
4. GUI Application(windows executable) https://github.com/ArrowElectronics/BCMU/blob/Development/Executable/BMS%20Application/BMS-GUI.exe
5. BMCU Board Schematics https://github.com/ArrowElectronics/BMCU/blob/Development/Documents/Schematic.pdf

Table 3. Reference links

4. Contact Us

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