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-a 参数设置修改文件后不需要执行 git add 命令，直接来提交。修改和删除过的，新文件无效。 --all Tell the command to automatically stage files that have been modified and deleted, but new files you have not told Git about are not affected. first looks at your working tree, notices that you have modified hello.c and removed goodbye.c, and performs necessary git add and git rm for you.
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git commit TestRestore.txt -m '单独提交一个文件' After staging changes to many files, you can alter the order the changes are recorded in, by giving pathnames to git commit. When pathnames are given, the command makes a commit that only records the changes made to the named paths:
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已经add等tracked过的文件，再修改了，可以直接commit，不用显式的add。
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未tracked过的文件的，直接commit的话 error: pathspec 'GitHubUse.txt' did not match any file(s) known to git
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--amend Replace the tip of the current branch by creating a new commit. https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/100243017 要修改已经提交过的文件，先add，然后git commit --amend 修改commit注释信息，然后先pull，再push。
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合并出现冲突，修正后再add，和commit完成最终的合并
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"git checkout -- ..." to discard changes in working directory 把文件在工作区的修改全部撤销：
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文件修改前已经commit到库了，修改后还没add到暂存区，撤销修改就回到和版本库状态,工作区无文件。
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是文件先已add到暂存区，后又作了修改，现在，撤销修改就回到添加到暂存区后的状态，工作区无文件。 总之，就是让这个文件回到最近一次git commit或git add时的状态。
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回退版本git reset HEAD