diff --git a/pixi.toml b/pixi.toml
index abf700aef..cf694701b 100644
--- a/pixi.toml
+++ b/pixi.toml
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ pyogrio = "*"
 pytest = "*"
 pytest-cov = "*"
 pytest-xdist = "*"
-python = ">=3.9"
+python = ">=3.10"
 quartodoc = "*"
 ruff = "*"
 shapely = ">=2.0"
diff --git a/python/ribasim/pyproject.toml b/python/ribasim/pyproject.toml
index b46d35c05..39413f09b 100644
--- a/python/ribasim/pyproject.toml
+++ b/python/ribasim/pyproject.toml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ classifiers = [
     "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
     "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Hydrology",
 ]
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 dependencies = [
     "geopandas",
     "matplotlib",
diff --git a/python/ribasim/ribasim/config.py b/python/ribasim/ribasim/config.py
index 71446aa5d..6a4330699 100644
--- a/python/ribasim/ribasim/config.py
+++ b/python/ribasim/ribasim/config.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from enum import Enum
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List
 
 from pydantic import Field
 
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ class Results(BaseModel):
 
 class Solver(BaseModel):
     algorithm: str = "QNDF"
-    saveat: float | List[float] = []
+    saveat: float | list[float] = []
     adaptive: bool = True
     dt: float | None = None
     dtmin: float | None = None
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ class PidControl(NodeModel):
         default_factory=TableModel[PidControlTimeSchema]
     )
 
-    _sort_keys: Dict[str, List[str]] = {"time": ["time", "node_id"]}
+    _sort_keys: dict[str, list[str]] = {"time": ["time", "node_id"]}
 
 
 class LevelBoundary(NodeModel):
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ class LevelBoundary(NodeModel):
         default_factory=TableModel[LevelBoundaryTimeSchema]
     )
 
-    _sort_keys: Dict[str, List[str]] = {"time": ["time", "node_id"]}
+    _sort_keys: dict[str, list[str]] = {"time": ["time", "node_id"]}
 
 
 class Pump(NodeModel):
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ class TabulatedRatingCurve(NodeModel):
     time: TableModel[TabulatedRatingCurveTimeSchema] = Field(
         default_factory=TableModel[TabulatedRatingCurveTimeSchema]
     )
-    _sort_keys: Dict[str, List[str]] = {
+    _sort_keys: dict[str, list[str]] = {
         "static": ["node_id", "level"],
         "time": ["time", "node_id", "level"],
     }
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ class User(NodeModel):
     )
     time: TableModel[UserTimeSchema] = Field(default_factory=TableModel[UserTimeSchema])
 
-    _sort_keys: Dict[str, List[str]] = {
+    _sort_keys: dict[str, list[str]] = {
         "static": ["node_id", "priority"],
         "time": ["node_id", "priority", "time"],
     }
@@ -146,7 +145,7 @@ class FlowBoundary(NodeModel):
         default_factory=TableModel[FlowBoundaryTimeSchema]
     )
 
-    _sort_keys: Dict[str, List[str]] = {"time": ["time", "node_id"]}
+    _sort_keys: dict[str, list[str]] = {"time": ["time", "node_id"]}
 
 
 class Basin(NodeModel):
@@ -163,7 +162,7 @@ class Basin(NodeModel):
         default_factory=TableModel[BasinTimeSchema]
     )
 
-    _sort_keys: Dict[str, List[str]] = {
+    _sort_keys: dict[str, list[str]] = {
         "profile": ["node_id", "level"],
         "time": ["time", "node_id"],
     }
diff --git a/python/ribasim/ribasim/input_base.py b/python/ribasim/ribasim/input_base.py
index 107c82c12..ddb80a5e5 100644
--- a/python/ribasim/ribasim/input_base.py
+++ b/python/ribasim/ribasim/input_base.py
@@ -1,19 +1,13 @@
 import re
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
 from contextlib import closing
 from contextvars import ContextVar
 from pathlib import Path
 from sqlite3 import Connection, connect
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Generator,
     Generic,
-    List,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
 )
 
@@ -38,7 +32,7 @@
 
 gpd.options.io_engine = "pyogrio"
 
-context_file_loading: ContextVar[Dict[str, Any]] = ContextVar(
+context_file_loading: ContextVar[dict[str, Any]] = ContextVar(
     "file_loading", default={}
 )
 
@@ -75,7 +69,7 @@ class BaseModel(PydanticBaseModel):
     )
 
     @classmethod
-    def fields(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def fields(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Return the names of the fields contained in the Model."""
         return list(cls.model_fields.keys())
 
@@ -102,7 +96,7 @@ class FileModel(BaseModel, ABC):
     @classmethod
     def check_filepath(cls, value: Any) -> Any:
         # Enable initialization with a Path.
-        if isinstance(value, (Dict,)):
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
             # Pydantic Model init requires a dict
             filepath = value.get("filepath", None)
             if filepath is not None:
@@ -110,7 +104,7 @@ def check_filepath(cls, value: Any) -> Any:
             data = cls._load(filepath)
             value.update(data)
             return value
-        elif isinstance(value, (Path, str)):
+        elif isinstance(value, Path | str):
             # Pydantic Model init requires a dict
             data = cls._load(Path(value))
             data["filepath"] = value
@@ -132,7 +126,7 @@ def _save(self, directory: DirectoryPath) -> None:
 
     @classmethod
     @abstractmethod
-    def _load(cls, filepath: Path | None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _load(cls, filepath: Path | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Load the data at filepath and returns it as a dictionary.
 
         If a derived FileModel does not load data from disk, this should
@@ -144,7 +138,7 @@ def _load(cls, filepath: Path | None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
 
         Returns
         -------
-            Dict: The data stored at filepath
+            dict: The data stored at filepath
         """
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
@@ -163,7 +157,7 @@ def tablename(cls) -> str:
         NodeSchema -> Schema
         TabularRatingCurveStaticSchema -> TabularRatingCurve / Static
         """
-        names: List[str] = re.sub("([A-Z]+)", r" \1", str(cls.tableschema())).split()
+        names: list[str] = re.sub("([A-Z]+)", r" \1", str(cls.tableschema())).split()
         if len(names) > 2:
             return f"{''.join(names[:-2])}{delimiter}{names[-2].lower()}"
         else:
@@ -173,20 +167,20 @@ def tablename(cls) -> str:
     @classmethod
     def check_dataframe(cls, value: Any) -> Any:
         # Enable initialization with a DataFrame.
-        if isinstance(value, (pd.DataFrame, gpd.GeoDataFrame)):
+        if isinstance(value, pd.DataFrame | gpd.GeoDataFrame):
             value = {"df": value}
 
         return value
 
-    def node_ids(self) -> Set[int]:
-        node_ids: Set[int] = set()
+    def node_ids(self) -> set[int]:
+        node_ids: set[int] = set()
         if self.df is not None and "node_id" in self.df.columns:
             node_ids.update(self.df["node_id"])
 
         return node_ids
 
     @classmethod
-    def _load(cls, filepath: Path | None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _load(cls, filepath: Path | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
         db = context_file_loading.get().get("database")
         if filepath is not None:
             adf = cls._from_arrow(filepath)
@@ -199,7 +193,7 @@ def _load(cls, filepath: Path | None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
             return {}
 
     def _save(
-        self, directory: DirectoryPath, sort_keys: List[str] = ["node_id"]
+        self, directory: DirectoryPath, sort_keys: list[str] = ["node_id"]
     ) -> None:
         # TODO directory could be used to save an arrow file
         db_path = context_file_loading.get().get("database")
@@ -242,7 +236,7 @@ def _from_db(cls, path: FilePath, table: str) -> pd.DataFrame | None:
     def _from_arrow(cls, path: FilePath) -> pd.DataFrame:
         return pd.read_feather(path)
 
-    def sort(self, sort_keys: List[str] = ["node_id"]):
+    def sort(self, sort_keys: list[str] = ["node_id"]):
         """Sort all input tables as required.
 
         Tables are sorted by "node_id", unless otherwise specified.
@@ -298,19 +292,19 @@ def _write_table(self, path: FilePath) -> None:
 
         gdf.to_file(path, layer=self.tablename(), driver="GPKG")
 
-    def sort(self, sort_keys: List[str] = ["node_id"]):
+    def sort(self, sort_keys: list[str] = ["node_id"]):
         self.df.sort_index(inplace=True)
 
 
 class NodeModel(BaseModel):
     """Base class to handle combining the tables for a single node type."""
 
-    _sort_keys: Dict[str, List[str]] = {}
+    _sort_keys: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
 
     @model_serializer(mode="wrap")
     def set_modeld(
-        self, serializer: Callable[[Type["NodeModel"]], Dict[str, Any]]
-    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        self, serializer: Callable[[type["NodeModel"]], dict[str, Any]]
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
         content = serializer(self)
         return dict(filter(lambda x: x[1], content.items()))
 
@@ -333,12 +327,12 @@ def tables(self) -> Generator[TableModel[Any], Any, None]:
                 yield attr
 
     def node_ids(self):
-        node_ids: Set[int] = set()
+        node_ids: set[int] = set()
         for table in self.tables():
             node_ids.update(table.node_ids())
         return node_ids
 
-    def node_ids_and_types(self) -> Tuple[List[int], List[str]]:
+    def node_ids_and_types(self) -> tuple[list[int], list[str]]:
         ids = self.node_ids()
         return list(ids), len(ids) * [self.get_input_type()]
 
diff --git a/python/ribasim/ribasim/model.py b/python/ribasim/ribasim/model.py
index c3f78c34b..923078a3b 100644
--- a/python/ribasim/ribasim/model.py
+++ b/python/ribasim/ribasim/model.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import datetime
 import shutil
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import Any
 
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import numpy as np
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def n_nodes(self):
         return n
 
     @classmethod
-    def _load(cls, filepath: Path | None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _load(cls, filepath: Path | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
         if filepath is not None:
             context_file_loading.get()["database"] = filepath
         return {}
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ def nodes(self):
         return {
             k: getattr(self, k)
             for k in self.model_fields.keys()
-            if isinstance(getattr(self, k), (NodeModel,))
+            if isinstance(getattr(self, k), NodeModel)
         }
 
     def validate_model_node_field_ids(self):
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ def write(self, directory: FilePath) -> Path:
         return fn
 
     @classmethod
-    def _load(cls, filepath: Path | None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _load(cls, filepath: Path | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
         context_file_loading.set({})
 
         if filepath is not None:
diff --git a/python/ribasim/ribasim/types.py b/python/ribasim/ribasim/types.py
index 5c7433399..407e07f53 100644
--- a/python/ribasim/ribasim/types.py
+++ b/python/ribasim/ribasim/types.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from os import PathLike
-from typing import Union
 
-FilePath = Union[str, PathLike[str]]
+FilePath = str | PathLike[str]
 
 __all__ = ()
diff --git a/python/ribasim/ribasim/utils.py b/python/ribasim/ribasim/utils.py
index be5c684da..0028d8b29 100644
--- a/python/ribasim/ribasim/utils.py
+++ b/python/ribasim/ribasim/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-from typing import Any, Sequence, Tuple
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any
 
 import numpy as np
 import shapely
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ def geometry_from_connectivity(
 
 def connectivity_from_geometry(
     node: Node, lines: NDArray[Any]
-) -> Tuple[NDArray[Any], NDArray[Any]]:
+) -> tuple[NDArray[Any], NDArray[Any]]:
     """
     Derive from_node_id and to_node_id for every edge in lines. LineStrings
     may be used to connect multiple nodes in a sequence, but every linestring
diff --git a/python/ribasim_testmodels/pyproject.toml b/python/ribasim_testmodels/pyproject.toml
index 6757e4258..e5cff4975 100644
--- a/python/ribasim_testmodels/pyproject.toml
+++ b/python/ribasim_testmodels/pyproject.toml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ classifiers = [
     "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
     "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Hydrology",
 ]
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 dependencies = ["ribasim", "geopandas", "numpy", "pandas"]
 dynamic = ["version"]
 
diff --git a/python/ribasim_testmodels/ribasim_testmodels/__init__.py b/python/ribasim_testmodels/ribasim_testmodels/__init__.py
index 2a971871f..cf011a35d 100644
--- a/python/ribasim_testmodels/ribasim_testmodels/__init__.py
+++ b/python/ribasim_testmodels/ribasim_testmodels/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 __version__ = "0.3.0"
 
-from typing import Callable, Dict
+from collections.abc import Callable
 
 import ribasim
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
 ]
 
 # provide a mapping from model name to its constructor, so we can iterate over all models
-constructors: Dict[str, Callable[[], ribasim.Model]] = {}
+constructors: dict[str, Callable[[], ribasim.Model]] = {}
 for model_name_model in __all__:
     model_name = model_name_model.removesuffix("_model")
     model_constructor = getattr(ribasim_testmodels, model_name_model)
diff --git a/ribasim_qgis/core/geopackage.py b/ribasim_qgis/core/geopackage.py
index 1af432c7b..4b549cec4 100644
--- a/ribasim_qgis/core/geopackage.py
+++ b/ribasim_qgis/core/geopackage.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 """
 import sqlite3
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from typing import List
 
 from qgis import processing
 from qgis.core import QgsVectorFileWriter, QgsVectorLayer
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ def sqlite3_cursor(path):
         connection.close()
 
 
-def layers(path: str) -> List[str]:
+def layers(path: str) -> list[str]:
     """
     Return all layers that are present in the geopackage.
 
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ def layers(path: str) -> List[str]:
 
     Returns
     -------
-    layernames: List[str]
+    layernames: list[str]
     """
     with sqlite3_cursor(path) as cursor:
         cursor.execute("Select table_name from gpkg_contents")
diff --git a/ribasim_qgis/core/nodes.py b/ribasim_qgis/core/nodes.py
index 28cd7c976..f79228f03 100644
--- a/ribasim_qgis/core/nodes.py
+++ b/ribasim_qgis/core/nodes.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 """
 
 import abc
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
+from typing import Any
 
 from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QVariant
 from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def nodetype(cls):
         return cls.input_type.split("/")[0].strip()
 
     @classmethod
-    def create(cls, path: str, crs: Any, names: List[str]) -> "Input":
+    def create(cls, path: str, crs: Any, names: list[str]) -> "Input":
         instance = cls(path)
         if instance.name in names:
             raise ValueError(f"Name already exists in geopackage: {instance.name}")
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def layer_from_geopackage(self) -> QgsVectorLayer:
         self.layer = QgsVectorLayer(f"{self.path}|layername={self.name}", self.name)
         return
 
-    def from_geopackage(self) -> Tuple[Any, Any]:
+    def from_geopackage(self) -> tuple[Any, Any]:
         self.layer_from_geopackage()
         return (self.layer, self.renderer, self.labels)
 
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ class UserTime(Input):
 EDGETYPES = {"flow", "control"}
 
 
-def load_nodes_from_geopackage(path: str) -> Dict[str, Input]:
+def load_nodes_from_geopackage(path: str) -> dict[str, Input]:
     # List the names in the geopackage
     gpkg_names = geopackage.layers(path)
     nodes = {}
diff --git a/ribasim_qgis/core/topology.py b/ribasim_qgis/core/topology.py
index 017658af1..70d739021 100644
--- a/ribasim_qgis/core/topology.py
+++ b/ribasim_qgis/core/topology.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from typing import Tuple
-
 import numpy as np
 from qgis import processing
 from qgis.core import QgsVectorLayer
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@ def explode_lines(edge: QgsVectorLayer) -> None:
     return
 
 
-def derive_connectivity(node_index, node_xy, edge_xy) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
+def derive_connectivity(node_index, node_xy, edge_xy) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
     """
     Derive connectivity on the basis of xy locations.
 
diff --git a/ribasim_qgis/widgets/dataset_widget.py b/ribasim_qgis/widgets/dataset_widget.py
index 0d1a32b67..b82e20df6 100644
--- a/ribasim_qgis/widgets/dataset_widget.py
+++ b/ribasim_qgis/widgets/dataset_widget.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 """
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, List, Set
+from typing import Any
 
 import numpy as np
 from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def __init__(self, parent=None):
         self.setColumnWidth(0, 1)
         self.setColumnWidth(2, 1)
 
-    def items(self) -> List[QTreeWidgetItem]:
+    def items(self) -> list[QTreeWidgetItem]:
         root = self.invisibleRootItem()
         return [root.child(i) for i in range(root.childCount())]
 
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ def active_nodes(self):
             active_nodes[item.text(1)] = not (item.checkbox.isChecked() == 0)
         return active_nodes
 
-    def selection_names(self) -> Set[str]:
+    def selection_names(self) -> set[str]:
         selection = self.dataset_tree.items()
         # Append associated items
         return {item.element.name for item in selection}
diff --git a/ruff.toml b/ruff.toml
index bd72c7dd8..c00b7d04e 100644
--- a/ruff.toml
+++ b/ruff.toml
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ ignore = [
 fixable = ["I"]
 extend-include = ["*.ipynb"]
 exclude = ["ribasim_qgis/tomllib/*"]
+target-version = "py39"
 
 [pydocstyle]
 convention = "numpy"