V 0.4.3

11 November 2023

Improvements in the language

A new encoding.xml module with parser, validation, entity encoding, unit tests (#19708)
Better couroutines support (IO, networking)
Allocations in vweb apps reduced by 80%
Implement @VCURRENTHASH to replace C.V_CURRENT_COMMIT_HASH (#19514)
int => i64 on 64 bit, i32 on 32 bit (start of the transition)
Fix new int type promotion rules and cleanup native gen() (#19535)

Breaking changes

Request.cookies map has been deprecated. Replaced with Request.cookie() and Request.add_cookie().
Stricter rules for C types (they always have to be declared now)

Checker improvements/fixes

Turn the option/result split warning into an error
Turn propagation warning into an error (finishes the option/result split)
Fix fn call with option call argument in autofree mode (#19515)
Bring back pascal case check for aliases
C.xx = C.yy aliases
Allow casted integeral types in match ranges (#19572)
Warn about byte deprecation, when used as a fn parameter (#19629)
Allow size of fixed array to be integral casts (#19663)
Fix generic array append (#19658)
Check error of implementing other module private interface (fix #19620) (#19688)
Extend byte deprecation warning to array init types (#19671)
Extend byte deprecation warnings to return types (#19668)
Fix negative cap, len checks in array init (#19694)
Turn warning for var and param module name duplicates into error (#19645)
Fix closure in if guard, including with multi_return (#19765)
Fix comptime enumdata value property access (#19768)
Fix field ?&Type without default value (#19786)
Avoid nil assign to option var (#19746)
Allow for a shared variable to be whole reassigned (keeping the same mutex state) (fix #15649) (#19751)

Parser improvements

Fix assigning static method to anon fn (#19499)
ast: fix formatting a struct declaration with a nested struct (#19592)
Add set_all + clear_all methods to [flag] enum bitfields (#19717)
ast: reduce cost of frequently called functions by using constants (#19733)
Warn on unused imports, even when they are declared via import math { sin, cos } (#19738)
ast: add missing docstrings for the public fns in vlib/v/ast/types.v (#19752)
Give a friendly error when misusing if over $if (#19810)
Add multiple struct attributes error for new attribute syntax

Compiler internals

checker, builder, pref: support -dump-defines - to help explore all the available user and system defines for a given program (#19576)
pref,builder: add support for -macosx-version-min 10.2 and -macosx-version-min 0 (with default of 10.7) (#19626)
pref: fix unintended file extensions in default output names, allow for v run file.c.v (#19745)
transformer: fix using a constant, instead of a fn parameter with the same name (fix #19766) (#19773)
maps: add maps.merge() and maps.merge_in_place() generic utility functions (#19776)
coroutines: only attempt to add/remove roots when GC is on.
markused: cleanup in mark_used(), use robust index names, instead of the much more brittle integer values (#19543)

Standard library

builtin: add an unsafe { a.reset() } method, for quickly setting all bytes in an array to 0
math.fractions: use operator overloading and deprecate old functions (#19547)
gg: fix the alignment of the bottom border of draw_rounded_rect_empty on macos and linux
crypto.bcrypt: fix bcrypt failure for valid pass and hash (fix #19558) (#19569)
sokol: update sokol to the latest version
builtin: fix sizeof(C.BOOL) (windows specific) (#19589)
math.big: fix incorrect division with negative numbers (fix #19585) (#19587)
os: add a convenient way to ignore certain system signals (#19632)
os: fix os.ls(folder) on windows, when a protected folder can not be opened (#19647)
os: add a convenient way to ignore certain system signals (#19639)
crypto.sha: fix calculating the same hash values when .sum() is called several times for sha1/256/512 (fix #19696) (#19697)
crypto.md5: fix calculating the same hash values, when .sum() is called several times (#19703)
os: add a new function execute_opt (#19723)
os: add os.page_size() (#19770)
os: implement os.fd_is_pending/1, os.Process.pipe_read/1, os.Process.is_pending/1 (#19787)
builtin: copy min/max integer values consts from math to builtin so that the entire math module doesn't have to be imported(#19809)
json2: add support for nested structs (#19579)

Web

vweb: add mime type support for static .md files
net.conv: add varinttou64 and u64tovarint functions, for the variable unsigned integer encoding, described in rfc9000 (for QUIC) (#19568)
net.http: support passing on_running, on_stopped, on_closed callback functions to http.Server{}, as well as show_startup_message: false. (#19591)
net: fix handling of spurious wake-up signals, lost when calling select() in mbedtls and openssl (continue on C.EINTR) (#19600)
net: use conv.hton* consistently, instead of $if tinyc { conv.hton16(port) } $else { u16(C.htons(port)) }
net.http: support passing an HTTP proxy server in http.fetch (#19606)
net.http: add a retry mechanism to http.fetch(), when the socket inevitably errors (#19660)
wasm: implement inline assembly (#19686)
net.http: increase max_redirects to 16 (#19743)
picoev: implement raw mode (#19771)
flag,json,net: handle C calls in .v files (part of enabling -W impure-v as default) (#19779)
net.http: add socks5|http(s) proxy support [Linux] (#19676)

ORM

orm: add null handling and option fields (#19379)
orm: make is_null/is_not_null unary ops; don't bind null in where (#19635)

Database drivers

pg: hande C calls, move to .c.v files (#19739)

Native backend

native: support -no-builtin (generate executables < 1KB Linux with v -no-builtin -b native examples/hello_world.v)
native: use i32 instead of int

C backend

Fix printing fixed array of options (#19479)
Fix struct field of fixed array init (fix #19483) (#19487)
Fix struct init with multi option fn type (#19491)
Ast, native, cgen: add support for $if native {} (#19500)
Fix maps with i32 keys
Fix for c stmt with option or result calls (#19641)
Fix infix op when handling comptime selector (#19691)
Fix array contains method with interface(fix #19670) (#19675)
Reduce expense in repetitively called functions by using consts (#19732)
Fix closure parameter judgment when var cross assign inside anon fn(fix #19734) (#19736)
Only generate free in wrapper for spawn and not go (#19780)
Fix g.obf_table data missing(fix #19695) (#19778)
Fix closure variable in smartcast (#19796)

vfmt

Remove additional line breaks after call_expr before params struct args (#19795)
Fix map value aligment when using keys with uft8 symbols (#19689)
Align ternary expressions in const blocks (#19721)
Respect range index expressions in match branches (#19684)
Respect raw strings in $embed_file(r'/some/path') expressions (#19753)
Fix formatting of struct field with default value and new attr syntax (#19683)
Recognize or blocks in call args (#19690)

Tools

all: add support for @LOCATION, for more convenient logging/tracing, without needing to combine @FILE, @LINE at runtime (#19488)
benchmark: add new methods b.record_measure/1 and b.all_recorded_measures/0 (#19561)
ci: update c2v workflow, translate doom on macOS (#19562)
strings: add Bulder.write_decimal/1 method (write a decimal number, without additional allocations) (#19625)
testing: add temporary file hash to prevent accidental collisions with test file binaries (#19710)
ci: compile VTL and VSL in their own CI job, with VFLAGS=-no-parallel
tools: fix windows install of an already existing module with vpm (#19761)
tools: use VPM_NO_INCREMENT env var to skip dl count increment when testing vpm (#19756)
tools.vpm: improve handling of urls that end with .git (#19758)
tools: fix resolving external dependencies in vpm, add test (#19772)
tools: cleanup and simplify vcreate, for upcoming fixes and features (#19794)
tools: improve error messages, add color coding and debug logging (#19781)
tools: fix v build-tools, make v test more robust (#19803)
tools: add parse_query to vpm (#19814)
ci: add macos arm64 binary release (#19823)
Require the presence of a v.mod file, to install external urls via vpm (#19825)
vcreate: fix v init with project names containing dashes (#19619)

Operating System support

Examples

tests: workaround name conflict, causing false positives with msvc on windows, when both tests were executed at the same time (locked executable)

V 0.4.2

30 September 2023

Improvements in the language

Short lambda expressions like a.sorted(|x,y| x > y) (#19390)
Support -os plan9, $if plan9 {, and _plan9.c.v (stage 1 for plan9) (#19389)
fmt: simplify the processing logic for removing inline comments (#19297)
Align the custom values of the enum fields (#19331)
Do not warn/error for import flag as _
Keep anon struct decl fields in interfaces (#19461)
Support -N, turning all notices into errors, to ease the process of finding places that may need attention/correction

Breaking changes

Remove inline comments (#19263)

Checker improvements/fixes

Disallow module name duplicates in local names (#18118)
Check enum fields with duplicate value (fix #19309) (#19310)
Disallow alias ptr cast of a map value (#19336)
Require else branch in [flag] enum match (#19375)
Disallow assigning pointer values to option struct fields (#19380)
Fix generic comparison for conditional assignment (#19401)
Allow using ! and ~ on aliased bool and integral types (#19403)
Warn -> error for uninitialized ref fields
Parser, checker: allow lambdas anywhere anonymous functions are expected (#19436)
Allow for each(a, |x| println(x)), i.e. using lambda expressions, when expecting fn (x int)
Check fixed array init with default expression (#19472)
Allow for const source = $embed_file(@FILE).to_string()
Fix C.type in imported modules

Parser improvements

parser: fix fixed array with eval const size (#19269)
parser: disallow using sql as name (#19298)
parser: fix ; support for module x;
parser: fix fixed array of option values (_ := [10]?int{}) (#19392)
parser: fix assigning with in another module sumtypes 2 (#19415)
Support ; statements, allowing for oneliners like ./v -e 'import os; println( os.ls(os.args[1])!.sorted(a > b) )' vlib/math (#19345)
v.ast: improve Stmt.str(), showing more details about ast.Block, ast.DeferStmt, ast.ForInStmt, ast.GlobalDecl

Compiler internals

pref: support -fast-math, passing either -ffast-math or /fp:fast (for msvc) to the C backend, and $if fast_math { to detect it at comptime
parser, transformer: fix transformer.infix_expr() and cleanup parse_types.v (related #19269) (#19276)
pref,builder: support -use-os-system-to-run to workaround segfaults using not fully updated xcode command line tools
v.builder: fix compiling code, that imports modules from both src/modules and modules (#19437)
os, v.builder: show more details, when a program ran by v run file.v, exits by a signal (fix #19412) (#19471)

Standard library

math: speedup the pure V math.pow implementation for non-fractional powers (#19270)
math: add more C. fn overrides, for the default C backend (speed up examples/path_tracing.v) (#19271)
time: add MMM support for parse_format() (#19284)
os: include sys/sysctl.h on FreeBSD to avoid implicit definition of sysctl function (#19293)
crypto.md5: change the Digest.write return type, from ?int to !int (#19311)
v.help: use os.executable() instead of @VEXE as an anchor, so v help will work more robustly.
toml: fix custom to_toml for complex structs (#19338)
vlib: add net.http.file, allowing for v -e "import net.http.file; file.serve()" (#19348)
vlib: remove functions and fields, deprecated before 2023-03-20
toml: fix toml encoding of complex types (#19408)
arrays: add a partition function, that splits a given array, based on a criteria, passed as a callback fn (#19417)
toml: add decoding for struct fields of type map[string]T (#19447)
arrays: add arrays.each, arrays.each_indexed, and tests for them
encoding.html: implement unescape() (#19267)

Web

net.http: fix http.fetch(), without explicit method (default again to .get, not to .acl)
net.http: default explicitly to Method.get for http.Request and http.FetchConfig too
examples: add examples/fetch_ip.v, showing how to contact http://ifconfig.co/json and parse the result
net.http: fix post error with https on windows (#19334)
net.ssl: implement SSLConn.peer_addr() (#19333)

ORM

orm: add references attribute to allow foreign key declarations on fields (#19349)
orm: support different foreign key types, not just an integer id (#19337)
orm: add support for V enum struct fields (#19374)
orm: quote table and field name in [references] (#19387)

Database drivers

db.pg: allow postgres connection using service definitions (#19288)

Native backend

native: make native tests pass on windows; refactor PE file generation (#19140)
native: parse dll files to resolve extern symbols (#19433)

C backend

Fix printing struct with thread field (#19320)
Fix the logic around the definition of VNORETURN and VUNREACHABLE (less warnings on FreeBSD) (#19316)
Add support for -d trace_cgen_stmt, document it in CONTRIBUTING.md
Fix printing smartcast interface variable (fix #18886) (#19372)
Fix interface with multiple embedded fields (#19377)
Fix channel of interface (fix #19382) (#19383)
Fix fixed array of option type default (#19397)
Fix interface with option field (#19434)
Fix promoting an alias typed value, to a sumtype of the alias's base type (fix #19407) (#19423)
Remove the special plan9 support code, treat it instead as a posix system in cheaders.v (#19445)
Fix printing slice of fn call string (#19450)
Fix type VType = &C.CType (#19452)
Fix array of fns index call with direct_array_access mode (#19460)

Tools

bench: a new bench/ directory for language benchmarks
ci: test the pure V math versions without .c.v overrides on the CI too (#19292)
github: add automatically info about voting to all new issues (#19351)
tools: add -E flag to v test-parser, that will show the partial source that caused the parser to fail with -no-builtin -check-syntax file.v
ci: bring back gitly
github: improve the voting message for issues (#19448)
vcreate: update templates, add lib (#19444)

Operating System support

builtin: use libgc-threaded on FreeBSD, to get the threaded version of libgc (#19294)

Examples

examples: add more .obj files for 06_obj_viewer (#19406)

V 0.4.1

3 September 2023

Improvements in the language

Pure array.sorted() and array.sorted_with_compare() methods, that do not modify their receivers (#19251)
UB overflow has been removed
Implement Enum.from_string(name string) for converting strings to enum values (#19156)
Disallow casting string to enum, suggest using Enum.from_string() instead (#19260)
Use autocasting in complex conditions (#18839)
Allow alias as fixed array on return (#18817)
Do not allow uninitialized function pointers
Fix compiling V programs with latest clang 16 on windows (clang 16 is stricter than clang 14) (#19095)
Fix anonymous struct with default expr (#19257)
Allow using consts as enum values (#19193)
@[attr] syntax to replace [attr] ([] is used for too many things). Most likely to be replaced with @attr() in the future.
Allow none for not first values on map initialization (#18821)
Make all .trace() methods generic on the type of the passed expression

Breaking changes

arr[1..4] now requires unsafe if the slice can modify the original immutable array.

Checker improvements/fixes

Disallow assigning nil to struct fields (#18725)
Use autocasting in complex if conditions (#18753)
Disallow invalid prefix on left side of assign stmt (#18750)
Allow no return in compile_error else block (#18758)
Fix interface param resolution (#18780)
Add an error for $tmpl function type mismatches (#18826)
Disallow voidptr cast to struct (#18845)
Fix type checker on auto deref var (#18842)
Check generic sumtype declaration (fix #18741) (#18865)
Fix closure with inherited sumtype variable (#18894)
"v -line-info" for a quick run to fetch info about objects on one line
Make sure vweb actions return vweb.Result
Do not allow modifying immutable vars via arrays with refs
Support @STRUCT in static methods
Fix generic struct field init recursively (related #19014) (#19025)
Fix struct field fntype value call (#19067)
Explicitly disallow creating type aliases of none, i.e. type Abc = none (#19078)
Fix assigning an array slice (fix #19120) (#19137)
Fix assigning array slice in struct init (#19150)
Check enum static from_string arguments errors (#19163)
Disallow taking the address of consts with int literal values (#19160)
Check struct embed with wrong position (#19245)
Optimize out needless string interpolations from the most common case in Checker.expr_or_block_err
Check error for or_expr inside infix expression (#19213)
Disallow thread as var name (#19174)
Check error for sumtype in array (#19183)
Disallow an empty chan type (#19167)

Parser improvements

Change warn to error, for const names with upper letter (fix #18838) (#18840)
Disallow declaring static functions as method receivers (#19007)
Disallow having builtin type as type names for enum, sum type and alias (#19043)
Support const x := 123, to make extracting locals as constants less annoying while prototyping
Fix struct field fn type with default value (fix #19099) (#19106)
Fix for i++; i<10; i++ { (fix #18445) (#19035)
Fix fn return alias of fixed array (#19116)
Fix generic struct init (Stack[&Person]{}) (fix #19119) (#19122)

Compiler internals

pref: make -autofree work without -gc none
builder,pref: allow thirdparty objects compilation with CPP compiler (#19124)
scanner: fix string interpolation with nested string interpolation in inner quotes p. 3 (#19121)
scanner: error early on an unsupported escape sequence in a string, like \_ (fix #19131) (#19134)
v.token: add inline next_to() and cleanup related calls (#19226)

Standard library

eventbus: add generic support for event name (#18805)
readline: add support for ctlr+w and ctrl+u shortcuts (#18921)
strconv.atoi: fix string.int() returning numbers for non number characters (fix #18875) (#18925)
builtin: reduce the number of array allocations for consts in all V programs (#18889)
builtin: move array.data to the top of the struct
os.notify: implement the kqueue backend for notify.FdNotifier (#19057)
vlib: add a new module builtin.wchar, to ease dealing with C APIs that accept wchar_t* (#18794)
arrays: add more util functions and tests for them - find_first, find_last, join_to_string (#18784)
vlib: use sync.new_mutex() consistently for initialising all vlib structures containing mutex fields
crypto.pem: add a static method Block.new, to replace new (#18846)
crypto.pem: add decode_only and general improvements to decoding (#18908)
log: improve the most common use case, it's no longer necessary to create a Log instance (#19242)
crypto.sha512: make the new384/0, new512_256/0, new512_224/0 functions public
json: fix option alias support (#18801)
time: fix parse_format with YY (#18887)
math.big: allow bitwise ops on negative signum (#18912)
math.big: make is_odd public and add test cases (#18916)
math.big: add checked division methods (#18924)
math.big: add isqrt_checked and standardize error format (#18939)
sokol: use GLCORE33 on linux
os,term.termios: add termios.set_state/2, state.disable_echo/0, use them in os.input_password, to fix v -os wasm32_emscripten examples/2048/
gg: implement Android specific APK asset loading for the create_image function (#19015)
sync: make sync.Direction public (#19047)
time: store time with nanosecond resolution in time.Time, deprecate Time.microsecond, add utility methods and tests (#19062)
time: add a format_rfc3339_nano() method to time.Time
time: add 'i', 'ii' in custom_format() for 12-hours clock(0-12-1-11) (#19083)
gg: expand the -d show_fps background, so fps>100 will not overflow it
Math.big: restore gdc_euclid, use it for smaller numbers, fix bench_euclid.v .
Add new generic arrays.uniq, arrays.uniq_only, arrays.uniq_only_repeated, arrays.uniq_all_repeated, arrays.distinct
builtin: add support for -d builtin_writeln_should_write_at_once and -d builtin_write_buf_to_fd_should_use_c_write (#19243)
builtin: always show the assert message, if it was defined in the source, in non test programs too (fix #19240)
time: check if a day is a valid day of its month (#19232)
toml: Add generic automatic decoding and encoding of simple structs, when they don't implement custom methods (#17970)

Web

http: Request.host
net.ftp: fix dir() for file names, which contain spaces (fix #18800) (#18804)
net.http: make listener public, and add addr in Server struct (#18871)
net.http.chunked: return !string on decode (#18928)
net.conv: rename functions to match other langs, making them easier t… (#18937)
wasm: remove dependency on thirdparty/binaryen, webassembly backend rewrite (#18120)
wasm: add a -wasm-stack-top flag to compiler (#19157)
net.mbedtls: add SSLListener to allow creating SSL servers (#19022)
picoev, picohttparser: reimplement in V (#18506)
vweb: fix parsing of form fields, send with multipart/form-data (by JS fetch)
vweb: make vweb route paths case sensitive (#18973)
net.mbedtls: have shutdown close accepted connections too (#19164)
http: add support for stream connections, and custom .on_redirect, .on_progress, .on_finish callbacks to http.fetch() (#19184)
vweb: add a user_agent utility method to the vweb context (#19204)
vweb: avoid the controllers having to be defined in specific order (#19182)

ORM

orm: fix inserting sequential values (id=0), in tables with an i64 primary field (#18791)
Add OR in where on update and delete (#19172)

Database drivers

vlib: remove deprecated pg, mysql, sqlite, mssql modules. Leave only the db. prefixed db.pg, db.mysql etc
db.mysql: add the exec family of methods (#19132)
db.sqlite: add exec_param_many and exec_param methods (#19071)
db.sqlite: make functions return results, breaking change (#19093)

Native backend

native: move functions out of amd64.v (#18857)

C backend

Fix selector code to use interface method table on closure when needed (#18736)
Fix nested or expr call (fix #18803) (#18807)
Ensure that << and >> has higher precedence in the generated C code, than arithmetic operations (diff between C and V precedences) (#18814)
Fix cross assign with aliased array (#18830)
Fix generated code for returning generic result/option to comptime var (#18834)
Fix option map with fn type value (#18849)
Fix returning an option tuple - fn f() ?(int,int) { return g() } (#18851)
Fix printing multiple fixed array (fix #18866) (#18879)
Fix infix expr with number overflow (fix #18905) (#18936)
Remove \r for consistency (#18962)
Allow dump(unsafe{nil}) and dump(voidptr(123)) in the same program
Implement fixed array of threads wait() (#19032)
Fix an error with ptr interpolation (fix #19048) (#19049)
Fix spawn call fn struct field(fix #18862) (#19096)
Fix bootstrapping on older macOS Catalina
Fix alias of array method call(fix #19125) (#19129)
Simplifications and clean up.
Fix mixed fixed array and array initializing (#19246)
Fix array sort with fn call parameter (fix #19220) (#19221)
Fix generic struct with option fn field (#19218)
Fix comptime assign with generic result return type (#19192)
Fix match with comptime if expr in branch (#19189)

Tools

ci: add v-analyzer builds (#18835)
ci: cleanup more the contents of the generated v_linux.zip, v_macos.zip, and v_windows.zip, use -skip-unused
tools: fix vcomplete for zsh (#18950)
tools: support a toc for projects, with single exposing module, in v doc (#19001)
Add support for v should-compile-all -c examples/, which will delete all the produced executables at the end
vgret: add install commands for ubuntu and arch to doc string (#19247)
fast.v: add favicon to the html produced by fast.v
vpm: implement multithreading (#19208)
Make performance_compare.v more robust and easier to use, by allowing v run cmd/tools/performance_compare.v too
Improve oldv windows support, make it use -municode for windows builds, make it support cmd.exe
Make repeated runs of oldv SAME_COMMIT -c "./v file.v", not use the network at all
Help: add link to the TESTS.md at the bottom of v help test, run CI checks on help markdown files as well
v.builder: show the number of files, types, modules, when a program is compiled with -stats
Improve the output of parser_speed.v and scanner_speed.v

V 0.4

1 July 2023

This release has a combined changelog from 0.3.1 to 0.3.5.

You can read it here:

https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/changelogs0.x/0.4.md

V 0.3.5

29 June 2023

Improvements in the language

Coroutines with a scheduler. Only Linux/macOS for now, requires -use-coroutines and coroutines.sleep() instead of time.sleep(). They work with IO and net, but not with GC for now.
spawn now spawns system threads, go spawns coroutines.
Static type methods: Foo.new() to replace factory functions like new_foo().
Smartcasting with complex conditions:if sum_type is Foo && !sum_type.is_info && get_name(sum_type.info.name) == 'foo' .
Functions can now return fixed size arrays.
Enum values now can have attributes.
Generic functions as function parameters are now supported: fn f[T](x T, i int, f_ Fn[T]) T { .
Anonymous structs can no longer have attributes.

Breaking changes

byte deprecated in favor of u8 (byte is automatically converted to u8 by vfmt).

Checker improvements/fixes

Disallow Result type aliases (type Foo = !Bar) and Result in maps (map[key]!Type).
Add a missing check for taking address of literal value member.
Fixed map initialization for maps with option values.
Allow a << none, where a is []?&int.
Disallow multiple else branches in a match.
Fix index expression with sumtype of array types.
Remove hardcoded check for function calls for C.stat, C.sigaction, etc.
Fix multiple embedded external module interface.
Fix missing check for diff type on map value declaration.
Simplify error handling in the checker (#18507).
Option alias fixes.
Fix alias to struct ptr on struct init.
Sumtypes can no longer hold references.
Fix a bug checking generic closures.
A hard to reach limit of 1 million iterations for resolving all generics.
Fix missing check for unwrapped shift operation.
Fix enum max value validation.
Add a missing mutability check for array.delete calls.
Disallow _ = <- quit.
Disallow type matching with primitive vars.
Warning instead of error for unnecessary brackets in if/match.
Include import aliases when checking for import duplicates.
Fix infering generic array type in nested call.
Allow casted enum val and const as fixed array size.
Disallow multiple return values in const declarations.
Fix contains() with array of interfaces.
Disallow mut for blank idents.

Standard library

json: Enum value string serialization supports [json:'alias'] to change its string values.
Struct fields can now be skipped during JSON/ORM serialization via [json:'-'] and [sql:'-'], in addition to [skip]. This allows having custom behavior for different serialization methods.
builtin: heap usage API (gc_memory_use() and gc_heap_usage())
math.big: refactoring, gcd fixes/improvements, overflow fixes, mod_inverse.
flag: fix finalize with multiple shortargs.
runtime: add new functions total_memory/0 and free_memory/0.
time: small cleanup of parse_iso8601 comments, make the C.strftime declaration forwards compatible
stbi: allow customization of number of channels in stbi.load().
stbi: add a resize_uint8 function for resizing images in memory.
time, x.json2: improve iso8601 time decoding.
builtin: zero out internal map/array pointers on m.free(), to reduce the work for the GC mark phase for non escaping maps/arrays, used in hot loops.
time: add more detailed error descriptions, add custom format parsing with time.parse_format.
sync: add Mutex.destroy and RwMutex.destroy methods.
datatypes: add Bloom filter.
rand: add missing rand.u16(), update doc comments, add test.
builtin: speed up string methods with vmemcpy instead of for loop for copying data.

Web

The builtin websocket library is now thread safe.
Enhanced builtin csrf protection in vweb.
vweb: ability to set and get values on vweb.Context.
vweb: support for host specific static files.
vweb: host option added to controller, and a new host attribute.
vweb: middleware docs improved; same with docs for [vweb_global] and shared.
vweb: return 404 on file not found.
net.http: copy IANA's list of methods to the http.Method enum.
net.conv: use a pure V implementation instead of C.hton etc.
net.html: get_tag() methods to find first tag occurrence.
net.html: fixed text parsing for inline tags.
net.html: fix parsing of nested quoted strings in code tags.
picoev: FreeBSD support.

ORM

Fixed a foreign key bug that could result in an extra insert.
Comptime bug with [skip] and [sql:'-'] fixed.
Checker error for unsupported field types.
Allow structs without the id field, more flexible primary keys.
Improved docs and examples.
Uninitialized structs are no longer inserted into related tables.

Database drivers

mysql: TIMESTAMP support.
mysql: allocate memory for each string and blob dynamically depending on its value length.
mysql: add the ability to commit transactions.

Native backend

Refactoring, splitting large files into multiple.

C backend

Fix code generation for generic unions.
Fix [N]chan (fixed arrays of channels).
Fix nested fixed array instantiation.
Fix fixed array of map.
Fix stringification of usize struct fields (before, they were treated as 32 bit signed numbers).

Comptime

A new $res comptime function to get returned value in defer block (#18382).
Fix comptimeselector option propagation.
A mutability check for comptime assignments.
Fix comptime assigning to sumtype or indexexpr.
Make comptime calls work with or-block.

Tools

A new VPM site: vpm.vlang.io. A better design, discoverability of packages, descriptions, most downloaded packages etc.
vpm: installation of mixed modules.
v ls --install -p D:\path\vls.exe to install a local vls executable.
vdoc: highlight comments with gray color.
vet: allow vetting files with global variables.
Make util.launch_tool/3 more robust, by recompiling V tools always in a known current working folder.

V 0.3.4

30 Apr 2023

Breaking Changes

The following changes may break compilation of existing code or change behavior at runtime:

json: enums are serialized as strings by default, [json_as_number] attribute can be used for the old behavior.

If you are serializing enums to JSON in your application, then you will need to add the [json_as_number] attribute to keep the old behavior!
Variable shadowing has been completely banned (previously variable names could conflict with module names).

Web

vweb now supports live page reloading. The web app is instantly updated in the browser (no need to refresh the page) every time a .v or a .html file is changed.
vweb is now significantly faster and more stable under load, due to a new multithreaded worker pool, which is much more efficient at spreading the workload among all threads equally.
vweb now supports middleware.
vweb now supports controllers. It's now possible to have multiple app structs to better separate logic.
vweb now supports overridable .not_found() method for custom 404 pages in vweb.
vweb now uses database pool.
Fixed multipart form parsing in vweb.

Backends

A new pure WASM backend, based on binaryen, a WASM builtin module, and a pure V WASM serialization library.
Lots of fixes and new features in the native backend, including making codegen logic platform independent.
Now code generated by the С backend, can be compiled by a C++20 compiler.
C backend does not generate unused interface functions now.

Compiler CLI

v share file.v for sharing code via the playground.
v up speed up for when it hasn't been run for a long time (vc/ bootstrapping has been optimized).
v init no longer overwrites existing src/main.v.
v self now uses a faster TCC backend on macOS (Intel/Apple Silicon), just like on Windows/Linux.
A new command line flag -e for running short V programs on command line: v -e "println(2+5)" ( works just like in Perl).
A new -ldflags option, in addition to -cflags. Works just like LDFLAGS in C.

ORM

All ORM queries now return ![] (Result of an array). This allows handling/propagating DB errors and simplifies working with ORM (one way).
Many ORM improvements: type checks for limit/offset/order by/where; support of reference objects in insert; struct fields can be used with limit/offset; Connection interface.

ORM now supports the like operator:

users := sql db {
    select from User where name like 'Bob%'
}

A new -d trace_orm option to see all SQL queries generated and used by V ORM and -d trace_pg_error to trace PG errors.

Standard Library

Added new termios module.
net.ssl: types using ssl contexts can now be converted to strings via .str()/printed via println().
v.reflection: added type symbol info metadata.
crypto and math modules have been updated to use Result instead of Option.
datatypes.LinkedList[map] now works correctly.
urllib.Values.get() now returns an Option.
strconv: v_printf() was made private, v_sprintf() was deprecated. String interpolation should be used instead.
net.http: mime types have been updated to include all official types.
gg: create_image() now returns !Image instead of Image, allowing to handle errors.
sokol: errors during image creation no longer result in a panic, but can be handled by the programmer.
sokol: macOS apps can now be quit using Cmd+Q.
os.hostname() and os.loginname() now return Result.
strconv.atoi optimizations.
println() now supports arrays with recursive references.
termux: support for cross-compilation from termux to other platforms.
readline module now works much better on macOS: key navigation, history, etc (now on par with Linux).
os: fixed a memleak in getline().
os.Process now has a create_no_window option (Windows only).
os.Process now has a set_work_folder() method to set the initial working folder of the new child process.

Option as a first class type

Final steps in making the Option type a first class type:

If guards now work with struct fields which are Option functions. Such fields can now also be assigned to other fields/variables.
Option receivers can no longer have methods.
none can now be cast to all Option types, including aliases.
Option references are now supported: ?&Type.
Arrays of Options are now allowed.
Allow foo := Foo{}, when Foo has an Option field, that is a struct, that has a [required] tag on its fields.

Compile-time Reflection

Compile-time interface fields evaluation.

Compile-time enum evaluation:

$for item in MyEnum.fields {
    println(item.value)
    println(item.name)
}

Added $option as a compile-time reflection type representing an any Option type.
All special compile-time reflection types are now lowercase ($int, $enum, $option, etc).

Checker Improvements/Fixes

Enums can no longer be initialized like structs.
Capture variables can no longer shadow anonymous function params.
Mixing multi-return results with other types in return statements is no longer allowed.
Assigning anonymous structs to named structs is no longer allowed.
[required] fields are now checked for embedded structs.
Fixed a bug with closures with fixed array variables.
Builtin methods first/last/repeat can now be used in custom user types (previously they only worked in builtin arrays).

Generic struct initialization no longer needs explicit types to be provided:

struct Foo[T, U] {
	a T
	b U
}

foo := Foo{
	a: 2
	b: 'x'
}

println(foo)

unsafe: dereferencing nil references is no longer allowed in the following case:
```
a := unsafe { nil }
println(*a)
```

OSes

Added basic QNX support.

Other changes

Lots of documentation/readme improvements.
Lots of playground improvements: play.vlang.io, including a really cool feature: "Show generated C code".
A new [spawn_stack: 131072] function attribute for controlling the max size of the stack of the spawned threads.
Channel pop now works with an or block: ch := <-self.item or { return none }
it has been renamed to index in array inits.
"Is V still fast?" web-page has been sped up by splitting the result table into multiple years.

Development

GitHub Copilot summaries in PRs.

V 0.3.3

30 Jan 2023

Improvements in the language

String interpolation simplified to just '${name}', enforced by vfmt, and updated in the entire code base.
go foo() has been replaced with spawn foo() (launches an OS thread, go will be used for upcoming coroutines instead).
vfmt now supports // vfmt off and // vfmt on for turning off the formatting locally for short snippets of code. Useful for keeping your carefully arranged matrices intact.
Match branch range expressions with consts: match x { const1...const2 {} }
Hot code reloading via [live] is now supported in imported modules, not just the main module.
Syntax sugar for map inits without needing explicit casts for interfaces: all.children := { "abc": rect, "def": ui.rectangle()}.
$embed_file() fixes, including variable args support.
none fixes: no longer allowed to be used as a separate type, dump() support, not allowed inside unsafe.
Const functions: const y = term.yellow, then println(y('abc')).
Builtin type names can no longer be used as identifiers.
Generic typeof[T](), sizeof[T](), isreftype[T]() functions.
Deprecated -error-limit in favour of the documented -message-limit option.
Maps now support aliased keys.
Operator overloading now works with reference types.
Generic struct inits with nested generic structs and generic optional types are now allowed.
During array creation, len: is required when using default values for the array.
Optimized one byte []u8 arrays creation.
Recursive aliasing is no longer allowed (e.g. type Alias = map[string]Alias).

Breaking changes

[] is now used for generics instead of <>.
Accessing a pointer map value requires an or {} block outside unsafe.

Checker improvements/fixes

Lots of fixes in the type checker.
Int signedness mismatch is now checked: cannot use literal signed integer as u8.

Standard library

math.vec module for generic vector math including 2D, 3D, and 4D vector operations.
Builtin stb_image.h used by gg has been updated to the latest v2.28.
All of vlib has been updated to use separate Option/Result types.
To avoid confusion, all references in the code and documentation to Optional have been replaced with Option.
gg.Context pipeline has more effects, including the additive effect.
Much cleaner eof checks in os: refactor err == IError(os.Eof{}) to err is os.Eof.
Lots of work on x.json2, the pure V json encoder, soon to become official.
New v.reflection module for runtime reflection.
Improved os.mv(), which now works consistently even across different windows drives/mount points.
string.trim_indent(), useful with multi line strings, that start/end with new lines and indentation.
Reduced memory consumption in the crypto modules.
Official V UI library is now licensed under MIT.
Deprecated math.util and math.mathutil have been removed.
New time format support: time.format_rfc3339().
encoding.html.escape().
All public functions in the hash and encoding.base32 modules have been documented.
New crypto.pem module.
New map.reserve() method.

Web

Improved vweb stability under load.

ORM

Various ORM fixes and improvements, including string interpolation support, type checks, fn calls in where.

Database drivers

VFS support in the builtin sqlite module; sqlite.get_affected_rows_count().
Improved pg compatibility with older PostgreSQL versions before 2014.
sqlite, pg, mysql have been moved to db.sqlite, db.pg, db.mysql.

Native backend

Operator support for floats, multi return.

Comptime

Improved compile time checks, like $if x is Type {; $if T in [$Array, $Struct, $Alias, $Function] {.
$for in works with alias types.
New comptime features for fields: field.is_<field>, field.is_alias, field.is_enum.

OS support

Installation instructions for using V on NixOS.
Better make support for OpenBSD.
Much improved experience for v install pcre on Windows (it now bundles its own .c files, so it compiles cleanly, even if the platform does not have another pcre package installed).
V can now be compiled with tcc on latest macOS and Apple Silicon.

Tools

fast.vlang.io fixes & improvements, new server.
New official IntelliJ plugin: https://intellij-v.github.io.
Lots of new language documentation, a nicer table of contents.
Improved documentation for most of the vlib modules
make.bat & v up improvements on Windows.
TeamCity test runner support via v -test-runner teamcity foo_test.v.
CI optimizations for faster runs.
New official AdventOfCode repo with AOC solutions, also added to CI.
More detailed timings in v -show-timings.
v new <name> web for quickly scaffolding new web projects.

V 0.3.2

31 Oct 2022

Improvements in the language

New simplified string interpolation: println("Hello, {name}!"). It will be the only way, old syntax (${name} and $name) will be deprecated.
Easier custom error creation: return MyCustomErr{} instead of return IError(MyCustomErr).
All floats outputs now have .0 conditionally appended to them to improve clarity.
Custom integer enum types: enum Xyz as u64 {.
AST transformer fixes and optimizations.
Stylistic improvements and bug fixes in vfmt.
Casting integers to enums now requires unsafe{}.
Improved error and warning messages.
Parallel compilation now uses sync.Pool.
-skip-unused fixes, soon to be made the default.

Breaking changes

No breaking changes

Checker improvements/fixes

Improved type checker: lots of new type checks and fixed checker bugs.
Unused last expression in if is now checked.
Anonymous structs visibility issues fixed.

Standard library

net.ssl has been migrated from a dynamically linked OpenSSL to a statically linked Mbed TLS. This means that V binaries will no longer have an OpenSSL dependency. OpenSSL can still be enabled via -d use_openssl.
msgpack module for decoding/encoding msgpack. (v install msgpack)
Most of vlib has been updated to use the new Option/Result types.
net, net.http, vweb bugs and fixes.
QuadTree and RingBuffer types in datatypes.
Forward iterator for datatypes.LinkedList<T>, forward and backward iterators for datatypes.DoublyLinkedList<T>.
A new maps module, similar to existing arrays. It has generic filter, flatten, invert, to_map, to_array, from_array functions.
utf8.is_number(), utf8.is_space() functions.
New encoding.base32 module.
gg.TouchPoint to differentiate between different types of touch input.
str.int() conversion speedup (without -prod).

Web

vweb.csrf module.

ORM

Support parenthesized expressions like select from User where (name == 'Sam' && is_customer == true) || id == 1.

Native backend

Lots of native backend improvements, including library calls, comptime conditionals, enums, method definitions/calls, structs.

V interpreter

Some further interpreter work.

C backend

cgen cleanups.

OS support

Removed the need for the [console] attribute in Windows GUI apps.
More precise WINAPI declarations for easier integration on Windows.
More CI tests on FreeBSD.

Tools

New stunning playground with an improved look and feel, a much better and more responsive editor, code sharing by link, more convenient keyboard control, reusability for potential embedding: https://play.vlang.io.
Improved call tracing via -trace-calls.
Lots of documentation improvements, including a better documentation of the recent Option/Result split.
V REPL: Home/End keys support. Lots of clean up.

V 0.3.1

31 Aug 2022

Improvements in the language

Anonymous structs.
Lots of bug fixes: 90% of all bugs ever submitted are closed.
New keyword/type: nil. Only to be used inside unsafe. Replaces voidptr(0).
V can now find code in the src/ directory. This allows making V repos much cleaner.
Support assert condition, extra_message, where the extra_message will be evaluated and shown if the assertion fails.
Operator overloading now works with aliases and generics.
Scanner optimizations.
Using C's #define is no longer allowed in normal V code, only in .c.v files.

Breaking changes

Anonymous sumtypes have been removed (deprecated for now) due to complicating the language and the compiler too much.

Checker improvements/fixes

More type checks.
Lots of fixes in shared types.

Standard library

os.mkdir() now has an optional mode parameter.
encoding.csv is now generic, supports bools, accepts a custom delimiter, and is compatible with io.Reader/io.Writer.
datatypes module now uses operator overloading.
All datatypes types can be converted to V arrays.
smtp improvements including multiple recipients and base64/utf8 support.
arrays.carray_to_varray<T>() for converting C arrays to V arrays.
strconv.v_sprintf() has been deprecated in favor of string interpolation.
TOML module now supports [toml:...] attributes, just like the JSON module.
os.walk() is no longer recursive (still works the same).
io has been migrated to Result.
Third party window control in Sokol.
string.replace_char(), math.round_sig().
Improved multiplication performance in math.big.

Web

net.urllib ipv6 support.
net.Http.Response.text renamed to body.
net.websocket timeout is now configurable.

ORM

ORM functions now return Result, so the errors can be handled.

Database drivers

Native backend

Major improvements to the fast native backend including linking support on Linux. The goal is to be able to self host V soon.

V interpreter

V interpreter improvements.

C backend

Parallelized cc step. Speeds up -prod and clang/gcc compilation by 300-500% (depending on the number of cores). Experimental and hidden behind a -parallel-cc flag, soon to be the default.
Intel C compiler support.
Go backend fixes.
#preinclude for low level C interop.

OS support

Full termux support via $if termux {, more predictable logging on Android.
Older macOS support (<10.12).
Windows code has been removed from v.c distributed on non-Windows systems. (v_windows.c is used on Windows.)

Tools

DOOM is now translated/compiled and launched on CI servers. A screenshot of the running game is made via vgret and is compared to the expected result.
VLS performance improvements, especially on Windows.
v ls tool for installing, for updating, and for launching VLS (V Language Server).
v doc now has syntax highlighting.

V 0.3

30 Jun 2022

C to V translation via C2V: v translate file.c. (Demo video: Translating DOOM from C to V, building it in under a second and running it!)
Lots of bug fixes in V, cgen, and C interop to allow running translated DOOM.v.
Programs built with the V compiler no longer leak memory by default.
Closures. All operating systems are supported. (Demo)
Option and Result are now separate types: ?Foo and !Foo respectively. Old code will continue working for 1 year and will result in a warning/hint.
Hundreds of new checks in the type checker.
All V's backends have been split up into separate processes. As the result, building V got 26% faster.
Maps and arrays can now return options: m[bad_key] or { ... }, if x := arr[key] { ... }.
ustring has been replaced with []rune (works just like in Go).
Maps can now have non-string keys.
A new compiler pass for transforming the AST (doesn't slow the compiler too much, adds about 25ms to v self). It eliminates unreachable branches and performs other simple optimizations and transformations.
C backend is now parallel (just the cgen part for now).
Lots of compiler source code clean up and minor optimizations. The compiler got ~30% faster according to fast.vlang.io.
Better compiler source code organization (absolutely necessary as it's surpassed 100k loc).
The naming of V's integer types is now more consistent: byte has been renamed to u8. Old code will continue working for 1 year and will result in a warning/hint.
The typo detector now highlights the suggested name so that it's more visible.
datatypes module now has Heap, Queue, Stack, BSTree, LinkedList.
Interfaces can now be embedded (like structs).
vlib now has a TOML parser, fully compatible with TOML 1.0.
Lots of work done on the V.js backend, including the graphics library, which has been ported to V.js.
JS promises, await (V.js).
It's now possible to do more complex array initialization by using each individual element of the array ([]int{init: it}).
Unsigned right shift operators >>> and >>>= have been added to V. (They work exactly like in Java.)
-nofloat option, which is useful for writing kernels and for embedded systems without an FPU (used in Vinix).
Generic interfaces.
TCC is now bundled with the language, this allows building V programs without an external C compiler dependency.
Null can be used in unsafe only (for example, for C interop).
Pointer arithmetic and comparing pointers to numbers is now also only allowed in unsafe.
Inline sumtypes.
New module compress.gzip.
Lots of net/net.http/vweb fixes (also used for the upcoming Gitly launch).
IPv6 support.
net.http headers are now enum fields instead of strings. This allows to avoid typos and offers autocomplete.
Struct field deprecation.
Static GC (no longer a dynamic lib dependency).
New various algorithms for random number generation: MT19937RNG, etc (module rand).
Fix immutability bugs that allowed to bypass compiler immutability checks and modify const/immutable values.
Lots of fixes in the JSON serializer.
Heap allocated only structs marked with [heap].
Significantly improve lots of error messages, make them more clear, suggest hints.
Bug fixes and new features in the pure V regex module.
Lots of new drawing functions in the graphics module (like gg.draw_polygon_filled(), gg.draw_arc_empty() etc)
Builtin FPS display in gg.
Latest Sokol backend in gg.
Advanced CI tests for the graphics module. Graphical apps are run on GitHub Actions instances, their output is saved to an image, uploaded, and compared to the expected result.
More bug fixes in generics.
Bug fixes in aliases. They can now fully replace the types they alias.
[minify] struct attribute for struct minification.
for in now works with fixed arrays.
The parser was made a bit faster by skipping vfmt code when not in vfmt mode (by using -d vfmt).
Lots of vfmt improvements, especially with comments.
Experimental #[index] syntax for negative indexing (like in Python, but needs special syntax instead of being used by default).
Visibility bug fixes in modules (pub).
Error propagation in complex expressions (e.g. foo(bar()?)).
Optionals can now by used in consts (const x := opt() or {}).
Lots of new documentation, including vlib modules documentation and the official V Documentation.
vpm improvements (including a new vpm mirror).
sync improvements including sync.thread_id(), sync.Once..
V can now be used to generate object files (foo.o) that can be used in existing C projects.
-usecache and -skip-unused fixes, they are close to being on by default.
Lots of Windows issues fixed.
Amazon Linux support.
Fixes in shared maps and arrays.
term.ui improvements, including multi byte/UTF-8 events.
New crypto modules, including crypto.des, crypto.cipher, crypto.blowfish.
Comptime fixes.
4 byte bool option (-d 4bytebool) for compatibility with some C software.
strconv (pure V formatting module used in string interpolation) fixes and performance improvements.
ORM fixes (pg, mysql, sqlite). Tables are now created automatically based on the V structs, no more need in sql files to create tables for apps.
volatile keyword.
"stringliteral".len optimization (replaced by the actual number by the new transform pass).
Lots of inline assembler improvements (it's used a lot in Vinix).
Many new functions in the math module.
Separators in number literals: 1_000_000.
strings.Builder optimizations and new methods.
Autofree fixes (still not production ready, hidden behind the -autofree flag).
Lots of Android fixes in V and in vab.
Lots of commits to the native backend (amd64/arm64).
V interpreter fixes. (Still at an early stage.)
Go2V translator has been started by the community, and can already translate simple programs.
An early version of the Go backend (v -b go -o file.go file.v).

V 0.2.4

30 Aug 2021

Introduce isize and usize types, deprecate size_t in favor of usize.
Add datatypes and datatypes.fsm modules.
Add compile_error and compile_warn comptime functions.
Bare metal support. Vinix OS kernel is now being developed in V.
Builtin web framework vweb is now multithreaded, all CPU cores are used.
String interpolation and struct stringers are now implemented in pure V with a much cleaner and faster implementation. Previously libc's sprintf was used.
Improved unused variable warning. Assigning to a variable no longer marks it as used. ... lots of missing changelog for this version, sorry (will update a bit later)

V 0.2.2 - 0.2.3

22 Jan 2021

Allow interfaces to define fields, not just methods.
vweb now uses struct embedding: app.vweb.text('hello') => app.text('hello').
Consts can now be declared outside of const() blocks: const x = 0.
Overloading of >, <, !=, ==, <= and >= operators.
New struct updating syntax: User{ ...u, name: 'new' } to replace { u | name: 'new' }.
byte.str() has been fixed and works like all other numbers. byte.ascii_str() has been added.
Smart cast in for loops: for mut x is string {}.
[noinit] struct attribute to disallow direct struct initialization with Foo{}.
Array decompose: [1, 2, 3]... is now ...[1, 2, 3]
Treating enum as int and operations on enum except == and != are removed for strict type checking.
Support [manualfree] fn f1(){} and [manualfree] module m1, for functions doing their own memory management.
Allow usage of < and > operators for struct in .sort method for arrays, i.e. arr.sort(a < b).
Auto generate assignment operators like +=, -=, *=, /= and %= if the operators are defined.
Colorize and improve failing tests output.
Fix go with a generic function: go test<string>(c, 'abcd').
Add comptime x := $embed_file('v.png') println(x.len) println(ptr_str(x.data())), for embedding files into binaries.
Advanced vdoc search on mobile layout.
string's left()/right were removed in favor of slicing syntax: str[..pos].
gg: native graphics mode on macOS/iOS (using Cocoa Drawing API).
Full path to consts must be specified everywhere. This makes it easy to distinguish them from local variables.
__offsetof for low level needs (works like offsetof in C).
vfmt now preserves empty lines, like gofmt.
Support for compile time environment variables via $env('ENV_VAR').
Allow method declaration of == and < operators and auto generate !=, >, <= and >=.
support dump(expr), i.e. tracing of both the location, name and value of an expression
deprecate os.exec in favour of os.executable() which does NOT return an option, when the command was not found

V 0.2.1

30 Dec 2020

Hashmap bootstrapping fixes.
Array decomposition to varargs: fn sum(i ...int) int => a := [2,3,4] println(sum(a...))
HTML module docs generated by vdoc now have global search.

V 0.2

22 Dec 2020

Compile-time memory management via -autofree (not production ready yet). Video demonstration.
Channels and locks.
Thread safe typed arrays via keyword shared.
Struct embedding.
IO streams (io.Reader, io.Writer etc).
A powerful websocket module that conforms to RFC 6455 and passes the Autobahn test suite (498 client tests and 249 server tests).
The net module is now non blocking and is more feature complete providing similar API to Go.
V's graphics module now uses Metal/DirectX/OpenGL instead of just OpenGL.
V can now run in the browser via WASM and execute V code by translating it to JavaScript: https://v-wasm.now.sh
V binaries for Linux/Windows/macOS are now built and deployed automatically via GitHub Actions.
Smart casting for sumtypes and interfaces, including complex expressions: if x.expr is int { println(x.expr + 1) }.
Clean and easy way to sort arrays: users.sort(a.name > b.name).
A huge amount of vfmt fixes and improvements. It has now reached a point where it can be safely used on any V source file.
A new CI job that runs v fmt -verify on the entire code base, a new command that makes sure the file/directory has been vfmt'ed. This ensures that all code submitted to the V project is formatted.
A new tool v vet for analyzing the project and finding potential bugs and errors.
A new term.ui module for building dynamic terminal UIs with an example editor written in it.
Early iOS and Android support.
All missing ORM features from the old backend were brought back.
Magic it variable has been replaced with smart casts (the change is completely handled by vfmt).
Cross-compiling to Windows and Linux brought back.
C2V can now generate wrappers. Example: https://github.com/medvednikov/libsodium. (C2V will be released by 0.3)
C++ compiler support: code, generated by the C backend can now by compiled by C++ compilers.
Short generics syntax: foo(5) instead of foo<int>(5).
Cached modules via -usecache. Faster compilation due to not needing to rebuild the entire vlib for each program. Will be enabled by default in 0.2.1.
New improved sum types implementation.
Lots of errors that happen often during the development cycle were turned into warnings to increase development speed. They are still errors in production builds.
Labeled break and continue.
Lots of documentation. The official language documentation grew 3 times in size.
modules.vlang.io is now generated automatically on every commit.
Builtin compile-time JSON serializer now supports time.Time.
Fixes in type aliases, to make them behave just like the types they alias.
array.contains(element) is now generic.
Lots of improvements in the JS backend and its type system.
Simpler and more constinent function arg syntax: foo(a int, b int, c string) instead of foo(a, b int, c string)
Lots of fixes and optimizations in the hashmap.
Lots of missing checks in the type checker were added (for example, checking the correct usage of public struct fields).
Mutability bug fixes
Taking the address of a map value is no longer allowed, like in Go.
Matrix multiplication.
A new #pkgconfig flag to provide platform independent way to get compilation flags for C libraries/packages.
Explicit parentheses requirement in complex boolean expressions.
println was made even smarter, and can now handle complex types.
Precompiled text templates can now be used outside of vweb via $tmpl().
Gitly, a big web application written in vweb has been released: https://github.com/vlang/gitly
['/:arg1/:arg2/action'] vweb action attribute for easily getting query parameters assigned to method arguments.
Improved performance of text rendering, gg.text_width().
Webview module in V UI.
Binary enum flags.
[export] attribute to change exported function name (for example for calling from a C library).
unsafe fixes and improvements.
Improvements to rand: rand.ulid(), rand.uuid(), a unified customizable PRNG API.
Hundreds of other fixes, features, and tests (from now on the changelog will be updated right away as the feature/bug fix lands).

V 0.1.27

5 May 2020

vfmt has been re-written from scratch using the new AST parser. It's much faster, cleaner, and can format files with compilation errors.
strconv, sprintf, and printf in native V, without any libc calls.
Interfaces are now a lot more stable and have all expected features.
Lots of x64 backend improvements: function calls, if expressions, for loops, local variables.
map() and filter() methods can now be chained.
New []int{cap:cap, len:len} syntax for initializing array length and capacity.
New is keyword for checking the type of sum types and interfaces.
as can now be used to cast interfaces and sum types.
Profiling with -profile. Prints a nice table with details about every single function call: number of calls, average time per call, total time per function
import(xxx) syntax has been removed in favor of import xxx for simplicity and greppability.
Lots of fixes and improvements in the type checker.
time.StopWatch
dl module for dynamic loading.
Automatic str() method generation for every single type, including all arrays.
Short struct initialization syntax for imitating named function args: foo(bar:0, baz:1).
New operator !in.
Performance improvements in critical parts of the builtin data structures (array, map).
High order functions improvements (functions can now be returned etc).
Anonymous functions that can be defined inside other functions.
Built-in JSON module is back.
Lots and lots of new tests added, including output tests that test error messages.
Multiple errors are now printed, the compiler no longer stops after the first error.
The new JS backend using the AST parser (almost complete).
Variadic functions.
net.websocket module (early stage).
vlib is now memory leak free, lots of autofree improvements.
Simplified and cleaned up cmd/v, v.builder.
V UI was updated to work with the new backend.

V 0.1.25

1 Apr 2020

The entire compiler has been re-written with an AST parser. The code is now a lot cleaner and more maintainable. ~15k lines of old compiler code were removed.

V 0.1.24

31 Dec 2019

A new parser/generator built on top of an AST that simplifies code greatly and allows to implement new backends much faster.
Sum types (type Expr = IfExpr | MatchExpr | IntegerLiteral).
B-tree map (sped up the V compiler by ~10%).
v fmt -w.
The entire code base has been formatted with vfmt.
Generic structs.
SDL module.
Arrays of pointers.
os: is_link(), is_dir(), exists().
Ranging through fixed size arrays.
Lots of fixes in ORM and vweb.
The first tutorial: building a simple web application with vweb
Match expressions now must be exhaustive.
freestanding: malloc()/free().
++ is now required instead of += 1 for consistency.
Interpolated strings now allow function calls: println('val = $get_val()').
string.replace_each([]) for an efficient replacement of multiple values.
More utf8 helper functions.
-prealloc option for block allocations.
type aliases.
Running v with an unknown command will result in an error.
atof implementation in pure V.
Enums can now have negative values.
New filepath module.
math.factorial.
ftp module.
New syntax for casting: val as Type.
Fewer libc functions used (soon V will have no dependency on libc).

V 0.1.23

30 Nov 2019

Direct x64 machine code generation. Hello world being built in 3 milliseconds.
Bare metal support via the -freestanding flag, to build programs without linking to libc.
Prebuilt V packages for Linux, macOS, and Windows.
string.index() now returns ?int instead of int/-1.
Lots of fixes in Generics.
vweb framework for developing web applications is back.
Vorum, the forum/blogging software written in vweb, can now be compiled and has been added to CI.
REPL, v up have been split up into separate applications to keep the core V compiler small.
V now enforces short enum syntax (.green instead of Color.green) when it's enough.
V UI for macOS.
Interfaces have been rewritten. []interface support.
os.cp() for copying files and directories.
Additional compile-time flags: $if clang, msvc, mingw, x32, x64, big_endian, little_endian {.
All C functions now have to be declared, all missing C functions have been defined.
Global variables (only with the -enable-globals flag) for low level applications like kernels and drivers.
Nothing can be cast to bool (previously code like if bool(1) { worked).
<< and >> now work with all integer types.
V detects Cygwin and shows an error (V supports Windows natively).
Improved type checking of some operators (%, |, & etc).
Windows 7 support.
println(true) now prints true instead of 1.
os.exec() now uses CreateProcess on Windows.
fast.vlang.io website for monitoring the performance of V after every commit.
On Windows Visual Studio is now used automatically if GCC is not installed.
vfmt!
Lots of cleaning up in the compiler code.
Multi-level pointers in unsafe code (****int).
MSVC backtrace.
$if os { blocks are now skipped on a different OS.
C string literals (c'hello').
AlpineLinux/musl fixes + added to CI.
Inline assembly.
Clipboard module (Windows, macOS, X).
foo()? syntax for error propagation.
Docs have been migrated from HTML to doc/docs.md.
eventbus module.
Haiku OS support.
malloc/free on bare metal.
utf8 helper functions (to_lower(), to_upper(), etc).
Optimization of for c in str {.
string/array.left/right/slice/substr were removed (use [a..b] slicing syntax instead).

V 0.1.22

28 Oct 2019

Generic functions (fn foo<T>(bar T) T {) with varargs support.
array[start..end] and string[start..end] slicing syntax.
Optimized array.filter() and array.map().
sqlite module.
Cached modules for faster compilation.
Dramatic compilation optimizations: V now compiles itself in 0.10 - 0.30 seconds
V scripts (simpler and cross-platform alternative to Bash).
Infinite multi-dimensional arrays ([][][]int).
unsafe.
[deprecated] attribute.
[if] function attributes for compile time function exclusion for performance.
switch has been completely removed from the language and replaced by match everywhere.
pub struct and pub const, previously all structs and consts were public by default.
musl support (V can now run on, for example, Alpine Linux).
Module header generation. V now supports closed source modules, which are still used in some industries.
Constants were added to typo suggestions.
color in [.green, .red, .blue] now works without specifying Color.green.
V compiler is now a module that can be used by other programs.
Backtraces now have source lines on Linux.
runtime.nr_cpus().
fn init() for module initialization.
a in [1, 2, 3] optimization: no array gets allocated.
Raw strings: s := r'hello\nworld'.
if a := func() { } syntax for handling options.
f32/f64 comparison now uses machine epsilon by default.

V 0.1.21

30 Sep 2019

none keyword for options.
Solaris support.
All table lookup functions now use none.
varargs: fn foo(bar int, params ...string) {.
Double quotes (") can now also be used to denote strings.
GitHub Actions CI in addition to Travis.
-compress option. The V binary built with -compress is only ~90 KB!
More memory management.
Unused modules result in an error.
"Unused variable/module" errors are now warnings in non-production builds.
Duplicate methods with the same name can no longer be defined.
Struct names must be capitalized, variable/function names must use snake_case.
Error messages are now even nicer!
Lots of fixes in automatic .str() method generation for structs and arrays.
~30% faster parser (files are no longer parsed separately for each pass).
_ is no longer a variable, but an actual syntax construct to skip unused values, like in Go.
Multiple returns (fn foo() (int, string) {).
! can now only be used with booleans.

V 0.1.20

17 Sep 2019

JavaScript backend!
Hundreds of C warnings were fixed. gcc v.c now builds without any warnings.
The mutability check now applies to function args (mutable receivers that are not modified result in a compilation error).
V tests now show how long each test took.
Official Android support (only console applications via Termux for now).
Typo check. If a variable/function/module etc is misspelled, V will suggest the correct name.
Lots of Microsoft C fixes, and a separate Travis instance for this backend.
Bitwise operators |, ^, & no longer work with booleans.

V 0.1.19

12 Sep 2019

Lots of refactoring, simplifications, and optimizations in the compiler.
Experimental memory management at compilation (only for the V compiler itself for now).
Lots of ORM fixes.
Functions can now be inlined via the [inline] attribute.
New mysql module.
Better error format that is supported by all major editors (go to error).
Error messages now point to the actual place where the error happened.
Custom json field names: struct User { last_name string [json:lastName] }.
Raw json fields via the [raw] attribute.
All C code was removed from the freetype module.
gg module can now render all Unicode characters.
[typedef] attribute for imported C struct typedefs.
Support of Objective C interfaces (primarily for using Cocoa).
REPL: clear command and custom functions.
REPL tests (which are also used for testing certain compiler errors).
Syntax bug fixed: foo[0] += 10 is now possible.
http: support plain HTTP protocol and follow redirects.
http: header data is now processed correctly.
net: basic UDP support.
import const was removed from the language.
array.contains() was removed from the language (in should be used instead).
[0; len] syntax was removed (replaced with a simpler [0].repeat(len))
Primitive aliases were removed to simplify the language.
GitHub supports V now!
Backtraces are now printed on panics.
A new awesome readline module.
V.c is now regenerated automatically after every commit.
A bug with struct ordering was fixed, now structs can be declared in any order.
V modules can now be built with v build module.
@FILE, @LINE, @FN, @COLUMN for debugging.

V 0.1.18

16 Aug 2019

Built-in ORM (uk_customers = db.select from Customer where country == 'uk' && nr_orders > 0).
Map initialization syntax: m := { ‘foo’: ‘bar’, ‘baz’: ‘foo’ }.
map.delete(key).
libcurl dependency was removed from the http module.
All function arguments are now immutable by default (previously they could be modified inside the function).
http functions now return options.
sync.WaitGroup.
vweb static files serving.
crypto.rand module.
v up to update V.
SChannel support on Windows.
net.urllib module.
vpm package manager, v install.
() are now required in complex bool expressions: (a && b) || c instead of a && b || c.
All arrays now have a default .str() method.
Bootstrapping V with MSVC.
Experimental ≠ etc support.
encoding.csv module.
$if debug { for running code in debug mode only.
Map struct fields are now initialized automatically, just like arrays.
Maps now support array values.
json functions can no longer be used if the json module is not imported.

V 0.1.17

29 Jul 2019

vweb module for developing web apps in V.
vtalk, open source V forum software.
Generics (very limited right now, but they will be gradually improved).
Comptime codegen (foo.$method() where method is a string).
@ for escaping keywords (e.g. struct Foo { @type string }).
Windows Unicode fixes (V can now work with non-ASCII paths etc on Windows).
Fix mutable args bugs + don't allow primitive arguments to be modified.
Declaring a mutable variable and never modifying it results in a compilation error.
Interactive debugging support.
sync module for Windows.
#! support on Unix systems (V scripts).
Lots of Visual Studio fixes.
crypto.aes and crypto.rc4 modules.
Internal modules.

V 0.1.16

23 Jul 2019

V can now be used with Visual Studio!
Hot code reloading now works with graphical applications (e.g. graph.v, bounce.v).
Compile time memory management for arrays.
High order functions.
match expression (replacing switch).
Import cycle detection.
crypto/md5, crypto/sha256, and crypro/sha512 modules.
os.executable() - a cross platform function that returns full path to current executable.
~/.vlang and VROOT were removed entirely. The installation is a lot cleaner now.
V can now be packaged for all Linux distros.
Arch Linux package.
string(bytes_buffer, len), string(bytes_array) casts.
Multiple defers.
key in map syntax (replacing map.exists(key)).

V 0.1.15

15 Jul 2019

FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, DragonFly support.
Hot reloading now works with graphical applications: bounce.v
VROOT was removed, the installation process is now much simpler.
defer statement.
map.v was re-written. It's now much faster.
for key, val in map syntax.
flag module for parsing command line arguments.
zip module.
crypto/sha1 module.
Submodules and module aliases (import encoding.base64 as b64).

V 0.1.14

12 Jul 2019

gg module Windows support, V Tetris runs on Windows.
Compile glad and cJSON only once. Programs using gg or json compile a bit faster.
v.c has been cleaned up and minimized (~16k => ~10k lines of code).
type aliases can now have methods.
Const overflow check during compilation (byte(1000) will no longer compile).

V 0.1.13

10 Jul 2019

New enum syntax (token == .name), enum values are no longer global consts.
Submodules (import encoding.base64).
Hot code reloading.
Special err variable for getting error values.
Complex numbers.
<< can now append arrays (numbers << [1, 2, 3]).
Lots of Windows fixes (Windows still needs some work).
Lots of REPL improvements (e.g. >> 2 + 3 works now, no println required).
The website was made easily translatable, it's now partially available in several languages.

V 0.1.12

4 Jul 2019

V can finally compile itself on Windows (https://github.com/vlang/v#mingw-w64).
os module now uses options in all functions that return File.
Lots of bugs with options were fixed.
println was optimized. It no longer results in allocations. Now it also works correctly with all integer types.
Lots of vfmt fixes, it will be enabled tomorrow.
New strings module.
Lots of other fixes and improvements, thanks to all the contributors.

V 0.1.11

1 Jul 2019

Cross compilation for Windows!
Lots of Windows fixes.
socket.v.
maps fixed.

V 0.1.9 - 0.1.10

29 Jun 2019

Windows support via MinGW-w64. Pre-built Windows binary.
File structure has been simplified: all vlib modules were moved to the vlib/ directory, makefile was moved to the root.
One single archive with pre-built binaries for all operating systems.
mut var := val was fixed (previously mut var = val was allowed as well).

V 0.1.8

28 Jun 2019

Single file programs without fn main now work as expected.
REPL has been fixed: it now supports imports, consts, function definitions, etc.

V 0.1.7

27 Jun 2019

All C code in the compiler and vlib has been replaced with V.
# syntax for embedding C code has been removed.
Exported functions now need to be marked with pub, all public vlib functions have been updated.
CI has been set up (Travis + Azure). On every commit and PR it is made sure that V can compile itself, all tests pass, and all examples compile.
More tests have been uploaded.
Cleaner bytes to string conversion: tos2(bytes) => string(bytes).
The home page has 3 more examples next to 'hello world' that show the features of the language.
Lots of bugs and issues fixed.

Files

CHANGELOG.md

Latest commit

History

CHANGELOG.md

File metadata and controls

V 0.4.3

Improvements in the language

Breaking changes

Checker improvements/fixes

Parser improvements

Compiler internals

Standard library

Web

ORM

Database drivers

Native backend

C backend

vfmt

Tools

Operating System support

Examples

V 0.4.2

Improvements in the language

Breaking changes

Checker improvements/fixes

Parser improvements

Compiler internals

Standard library

Web

ORM

Database drivers

Native backend

C backend

Tools

Operating System support

Examples

V 0.4.1

Improvements in the language

Breaking changes

Checker improvements/fixes

Parser improvements

Compiler internals

Standard library

Web

ORM

Database drivers

Native backend

C backend

Tools

V 0.4

V 0.3.5

Improvements in the language

Breaking changes

Checker improvements/fixes

Standard library

Web

ORM

Database drivers

Native backend

C backend

Comptime

Tools

V 0.3.4

Breaking Changes

Web

Backends

Compiler CLI

ORM

Standard Library

Option as a first class type

Compile-time Reflection

Checker Improvements/Fixes

OSes

Other changes

Development

V 0.3.3

Improvements in the language

Breaking changes

Checker improvements/fixes