nopo (not only page object) is a package for Page Object Model (POM), a tool based on Selenium that helps you build POM in web test.
View the development of it (in Chinese)
- Define and operate an element or elements like using Selenium (but with advanced features)
- Auto wait and find the element(s)
- Cascading selectors support in an element
pip install nopoHere shows a simple usage example:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from nopo import El, Els, By, Pg
class GitHubPage(Pg):
# Define like Selenium
textbox = El(By.XPATH, '//input[@aria-label="Search GitHub"]')
main_page = El(By.TAG_NAME, 'main')
user_a = El(By.CLASS_NAME, 'mr-1')
name = El(By.XPATH, '//span[@itemprop="name"]')
def search_user(self, name):
# Operate like Selenium, but with advanced features.
self.textbox.send_keys(name, clear=True)
self.textbox.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
# Elements define
# Use El_1 / El_2 to define cascading element(s)
# Use El(el=El_old) or Els(el=El_old) to turn type
lis = Els(el=(self.main_page / El(By.XPATH, './/nav[1]') / El(By.TAG_NAME, 'a')))
lis[-1].click()
self.user_a.click()
assert self.name.value == 'Ding Junyao'
if __name__ == '__main__':
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://github.com/')
gh_page = GitHubPage(driver)
gh_page.search_user('DingJunyao')
driver.quit()In class which has driver attribute to selenium webdriver (e.g., nopo.Pg class), you can define it as a class attribute:
example_el = El(by, selector_str)
example_els = Els(by, selector_str)You can also use attribute driver to specify a webdriver or use in other occasions:
example_el = El(by, selector_str, driver=driver)
example_els = Els(by, selector_str, driver=driver)el.text # Text of the element.
el.value # Returns text. If text is None or '', return value property (mostly for input element).
el.exist # To show if the element exists.
el.exist_wait # To show if the element exists (with wait).
el.is_selected # Returns if the element is selected.
el.selectors_xpath # Returns selector to xpath.
el.elem # Returns the WebElement instance of the element (with wait).
el.elem_clickable # Returns the WebElement instance of the element (wait for clickable).
el.elem_no_wait # Returns the WebElement instance of the element (without wait).
el.options # Returns a list of all options belonging to this select tag
el.all_selected_options # Returns a list of all selected options belonging to this select tag
el.first_selected_option # Returns the first selected option in this select tag.
el.click() # Click the element.
el.clear(force=False) # Clear the element. Use force=True to ensure the element can be cleared to deal with some situation.
el.send_keys(keys, clear=False, force_clear=False) # Send keys to element. If clear is True, clear the element before sending. If clear and force are True, clear will be in force mode.
el.csk(keys, force_clear=False) # Clear and send keys to element. If force_clear is True, clear will be in force mode.
el.nn_csk(keys, force_clear=False) # Clear and send keys if keys is not None. If force_clear is True, clear will be in force mode.
el.get_attribute(attr) # Get attribute of the element.
el.get_property(property_text) # Get property of the element.
el.wait_for_click() # Wait until the element is clickable.
el.wait_for_present() # Wait until the element is present.
el.select_by_value(value) # Select options by given value argument.
el.select_by_index(index) # Select the option at the given index.
el.select_by_visible_text(text) # Select options by visible text.
el.deselect_all() # Clear all selected entries.
el.deselect_by_value(value) # Deselect options by given value argument.
el.deselect_by_index(index) # Deselect the option at the given index.
el.deselect_by_visible_text(text) # Deselect options by visible text.
el.switch_in() # Switch in the frame.
El.single_selector_to_xpath(by, selector) # Return single selector to xpath.You can use / to cascading selectors:
el1 = El(by1, selector_str1)
el2 = El(by2, selector_str2)
example_el = el1 / el2The type of example_el above is same as el1, and find element using selector of el1 and el2, like the following code in selenium:
el1 = driver.find_element.by(by1, selector_str1)
example_el = el1.find_element.by(by2, selector_str2)el attribute helps you transfer class type, which makes it easy to customize element(s):
class MyEl(El):
pass
example_el = MyEl(el=el1 / el2)pip install -r requirements.txt
python -m build
# or
python3 -m build- More operating functions
- Ready-to-use Element classes for frontend frameworks (like Ant Design and Element)
Apache License Version 2.0