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44 changes: 44 additions & 0 deletions Makefile
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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Enapter <[email protected]>
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

SKOPEO_COPY ?= skopeo copy --insecure-policy
UMOUNT ?= umount
MKSQUASHFS ?= mksquashfs
MKDIR ?= mkdir
CP ?= cp
LN ?= ln
CD ?= cd
RM ?= rm

CLOUDFLARED_VERSION ?= 2024.5.0

PROJECT_ROOT ?= `pwd`
LAYER_TMP ?= "$(PROJECT_ROOT)/build/cloudflared-remote-access-layer"
LAYER_TMP_ROOTFS = "$(LAYER_TMP)/rootfs"
LAYER_TMP_IMAGES = "$(LAYER_TMP)/images"

LAYER_PATH ?= build/cloudflared-remote-access.img

SKOPEO_TARGET = "overlay@$(LAYER_TMP_IMAGES)"

build:
$(MKDIR) -p $(LAYER_TMP)
$(SKOPEO_COPY) docker://cloudflare/cloudflared:$(CLOUDFLARED_VERSION) containers-storage:[$(SKOPEO_TARGET)]cloudflared:latest
$(UMOUNT) $(LAYER_TMP_IMAGES)/overlay || true
$(MKDIR) -p $(LAYER_TMP_ROOTFS)
$(MKDIR) -p $(LAYER_TMP_ROOTFS)/usr/lib/systemd/system/
$(MKDIR) -p $(LAYER_TMP_ROOTFS)/etc/systemd/system/default.target.wants/
$(MKDIR) -p $(LAYER_TMP_ROOTFS)/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/
$(CP) $(PROJECT_ROOT)/files/cloudflared-remote-access.service $(LAYER_TMP_ROOTFS)/usr/lib/systemd/system/cloudflared-remote-access.service
$(LN) -s /usr/lib/systemd/system/cloudflared-remote-access.service $(LAYER_TMP_ROOTFS)/etc/systemd/system/default.target.wants/cloudflared-remote-access.service
$(LN) -s /usr/lib/systemd/system/cloudflared-remote-access.service $(LAYER_TMP_ROOTFS)/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cloudflared-remote-access.service
$(MKSQUASHFS) $(LAYER_TMP) $(LAYER_PATH) -noappend -comp lzo -all-root

.PHONY: build

clean:
$(UMOUNT) $(LAYER_TMP_IMAGES)/overlay || true
$(RM) -f $(LAYER_PATH)
$(RM) -rf $(LAYER_TMP)

.PHONY: clean
138 changes: 138 additions & 0 deletions README.md
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# Enapter Industrial Linux - Layer Example

This repository provides an example of how to create a custom layer for [Enapter Industrial Linux](https://github.com/Enapter/enapter-industrial-linux). The example layer includes a systemd service and a Docker container.

## About Enapter Industrial Linux

Enapter Industrial Linux (EIL) is a robust and minimalistic Linux distribution optimized for industrial IoT and embedded devices.

### Key Features

- **Reliable and Secure**: Utilizes an overlayfs with a SquashFS root image for read-only root, aiding in system stability and reliability.

- **Power Failure Tolerance**: System files are read-only, reducing the risk of corruption during power failures.

- **USB Stick Boot**: Easily boot from a USB stick with a simple FAT32 partition.

- **Service Discovery**: Built-in service for device discovery in the network.

- **Docker Integration**: Easily run third-party programs and services inside Docker containers using Podman.

- **Flexible Layer System**: Introducing the concept of layers for modular and scalable system enhancements. Add functionality using layers with systemd services, Docker containers, and more.

## Requirements

To build the example layer, you need the following utilities installed. These require a Linux environment, Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on Windows, or MacOS.

* **make utility**: [GNU Make](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/)

Install on **Ubuntu/Debian**:


```sh
sudo apt-get install make
```

Install on **Fedora**:

```sh
sudo dnf install make
```
Install on **MacOS** (using Homebrew):

```sh
brew install make
```

* **skopeo utility**: [Skopeo](https://github.com/containers/skopeo)

Install on **Ubuntu/Debian**:

```sh
sudo apt-get install skopeo
```

Install on **Fedora**:

```sh
sudo dnf install skopeo
```

Install on **MacOS** (using Homebrew):

```sh
brew install skopeo
```

* **mksquashfs utility**: Part of the [SquashFS tools](https://github.com/plougher/squashfs-tools)

Install on **Ubuntu/Debian**:

```sh
sudo apt-get install squashfs-tools
```

Install on **Fedora**:

```sh
sudo dnf install squashfs-tools
```

Install on **MacOS** (using Homebrew):

```sh
brew install squashfs
```

## Custom Layers

Layers are SquashFS images containing additional software and services. Each layer has:

- `rootfs/`: Directory structure overlaid on the root filesystem.

- `images/`: Docker container registry for including pre-packaged containers.

## Example Layer: Adding a Systemd Service and Docker Container

### Layer Directory Structure

```
cloudflared-remote-access-layer/
├── rootfs/
│ ├── usr/
│ ├── lib/
│ │ ├── systemd/
│ │ └── system/
│ │ └── cloudflared-remote-access.service
│ ├── etc/
│ ├── systemd/
│ │ ├── system/
│ │ │ ├── default.target.wants/
│ │ │ │ └── cloudflared-remote-access.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/cloudflared-remote-access.service
│ │ │ └── multi-user.target.wants/
│ │ │ └── cloudflared-remote-access.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/cloudflared-remote-access.service
└── images/
├── # (Docker container registry structure will be created by 'skopeo copy')`
```

### Build Process

1. **Prepare your USB stick**:
- Use [Etcher](https://etcher.balena.io) utility or `dd` Linux utility to flash `.img` image of [Enapter Industrial Linux](https://github.com/Enapter/enapter-industrial-linux/releases/download/v3.0.0-dev1/enapter-linux-v3.0.0-dev1.zip) onto USB stick.

2. **Create and deploy your layer**:
- Structure your layer as shown. Please check the `Makefile` in this repository as an example
- Use `mksquashfs` to create the SquashFS image.
- Copy the SquashFS image to the USB stick into `layers/` directory (create it if not exists).

3. **Insert the USB stick and boot**.

The system will boot, mount the USB in read-only mode, and overlay your custom layer to provide the additional functionality.

## Conclusion

This example demonstrates how to extend Enapter Industrial Linux using custom layers. By leveraging the robustness of read-only filesystems and the flexibility of overlayfs, you can easily add new functionalities, such as systemd services and Docker containers, without modifying the core system files.

## Support

For any questions, feel free to reach out to us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) or join our community on [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/TCaEZs3qpe).
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