diff --git a/R/gen_tibble.R b/R/gen_tibble.R
index 38eec8e7..85402def 100644
--- a/R/gen_tibble.R
+++ b/R/gen_tibble.R
@@ -116,6 +116,8 @@ gen_tibble_bed_rds <- function(x, ...,
 
   indiv_meta <- list(id = bigsnp_obj$fam$sample.ID,
                              population = bigsnp_obj$fam$family.ID)
+  # TODO check if other elements are informative; if they are, bring them over
+
 
   indiv_meta$genotypes <- new_vctrs_bigsnp(bigsnp_obj,
                                            bigsnp_file = bigsnp_path,
diff --git a/R/gen_tibble_ped.R b/R/gen_tibble_ped.R
index 3401a625..5b6a1ecf 100644
--- a/R/gen_tibble_ped.R
+++ b/R/gen_tibble_ped.R
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ read.pedfile <- function(file, n, snps, which, split="\t| +", sep=".",
 #  r3 <- as.raw(3)
 
   r0 <- 3
-  r1 <- 2
+  r1 <- 0
   r2 <- 1
-  r3 <- 0
+  r3 <- 2
 
   ## Input file
   con <- gzfile(file)
diff --git a/R/gt_as_plink.R b/R/gt_as_plink.R
index d124eff9..709eef0b 100644
--- a/R/gt_as_plink.R
+++ b/R/gt_as_plink.R
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ gt_as_plink <- function(x, file = NULL, type = c("bed","ped","raw"),
   } else if (type=="ped"){
     all_files <- c(file,
                    gsub(".ped",".fam",file))
-  } else if (type=="map"){
+  } else if (type=="raw"){
     all_files <- file
   }
 
diff --git a/inst/extdata/pop_a.bk b/inst/extdata/pop_a.bk
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..57b68c9f
Binary files /dev/null and b/inst/extdata/pop_a.bk differ
diff --git a/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_plink.ped b/inst/extdata/pop_a.ped
similarity index 100%
rename from inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_plink.ped
rename to inst/extdata/pop_a.ped
diff --git a/inst/extdata/pop_a.rds b/inst/extdata/pop_a.rds
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2710662d
Binary files /dev/null and b/inst/extdata/pop_a.rds differ
diff --git a/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_plink.log b/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_plink.log
deleted file mode 100644
index 8195b484..00000000
--- a/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_plink.log
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-PLINK v1.90b7.2 64-bit (11 Dec 2023)
-Options in effect:
-  --bfile C:/Users/eviec/Git/tidypopgen/inst/extdata/pop_a
-  --out C:/Users/eviec/Git/tidypopgen/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_plink
-  --recode
-
-Hostname: LAPTOP-S7R1KB1T
-Working directory: C:\Users\eviec\OneDrive\Desktop\PhD\tidypopgen\ped_check
-Start time: Fri May 10 06:29:41 2024
-
-Random number seed: 1715318981
-8080 MB RAM detected; reserving 4040 MB for main workspace.
-16 variants loaded from .bim file.
-5 people (5 males, 0 females) loaded from .fam.
-Using 1 thread (no multithreaded calculations invoked).
-Before main variant filters, 5 founders and 0 nonfounders present.
-Calculating allele frequencies... done.
-Total genotyping rate is exactly 1.
-16 variants and 5 people pass filters and QC.
-Note: No phenotypes present.
---recode ped to C:/Users/eviec/Git/tidypopgen/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_plink.ped
-+ C:/Users/eviec/Git/tidypopgen/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_plink.map ... done.
-
-End time: Fri May 10 06:29:41 2024
diff --git a/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_plink.map b/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_plink.map
deleted file mode 100644
index 5d4cd2d3..00000000
--- a/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_plink.map
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-1	rs4477212	0	82154
-1	rs3094315	0	752566
-1	rs3131972	0	752721
-1	rs12124819	0	776546
-1	rs11240777	0	798959
-1	rs1110052	0	873558
-1	rs9697457	0	934345
-1	rs6657048	0	957640
-1	rs2488991	0	994391
-1	rs307354	0	1264539
-1	rs1240719	0	1346905
-2	rs2862633	0	61974443
-2	rs28569024	0	139008811
-2	rs10106770	0	235832763
-3	rs11942835	0	155913651
-23	rs5945676	0	51433071
diff --git a/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_tidypopgen.map b/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_tidypopgen.map
deleted file mode 100644
index dbe5526e..00000000
--- a/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_tidypopgen.map
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-1 rs4477212 0 82154
-1 rs3094315 0 752566
-1 rs3131972 0 752721
-1 rs12124819 0 776546
-1 rs11240777 0 798959
-1 rs1110052 0 873558
-1 rs9697457 0 934345
-1 rs6657048 0 957640
-1 rs2488991 0 994391
-1 rs307354 0 1264539
-1 rs1240719 0 1346905
-2 rs2862633 0 61974443
-2 rs28569024 0 139008811
-2 rs10106770 0 235832763
-3 rs11942835 0 155913651
-23 rs5945676 0 51433071
diff --git a/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_tidypopgen.ped b/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_tidypopgen.ped
deleted file mode 100644
index 54d6586e..00000000
--- a/inst/extdata/pop_a_ped_tidypopgen.ped
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-pop_a GRC14300079 0 0 0 -9 A A A A G G A A G G G T G G C C T T C C T T G G T T G A T T T T
-pop_a GRC14300142 0 0 0 -9 A A A A G G A A G G G G G G C C T T C G T A G G T T G G T C T T
-pop_a GRC14300159 0 0 0 -9 A A A G G A A A A A G T G G C C T T C C T T G G T T G A T T T T
-pop_a GRC14300286 0 0 0 -9 A A A A G G A A G G G G G G C C T T C G T T G G T T G A T C T T
-pop_a GRC14300305 0 0 0 -9 A A A A G A A A G A T T G G C C T T C C T T G G T T G A T T T T
diff --git a/src/snp_as.cpp b/src/snp_as.cpp
index 18d7c861..2ae71a7e 100644
--- a/src/snp_as.cpp
+++ b/src/snp_as.cpp
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ inline arma::mat FBM_RW2arma(Rcpp::Environment BM) {
   size_t n = macc.nrow();
   size_t m = macc.ncol();
 
-  for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+  for (unsigned int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       int value = (macc(i,j));
       if (value <3){
         dos_mat(i, j) = value-1; // note that we want the matrix of (dos-1)
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ inline arma::mat FBM_RW2arma(Rcpp::Environment BM) {
     }}
 
   // fill the rest with 0s (should be 1 column max)
-  int m2 = dos_mat.n_cols;
+  size_t m2 = dos_mat.n_cols;
   if (m2 > m) {
     myassert(m2 == (m + 1), ERROR_BUG);
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       dos_mat(i, m) = 1;
       na_mat(i, m) = 0;
     }
diff --git a/src/snp_ibs.cpp b/src/snp_ibs.cpp
index 606fca43..d741a2ce 100644
--- a/src/snp_ibs.cpp
+++ b/src/snp_ibs.cpp
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ inline arma::mat FBM_RW2arma(Rcpp::Environment BM) {
   size_t n = macc.nrow();
   size_t m = macc.ncol();
 
-  for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+  for (unsigned int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       int value = (macc(i,j));
       if (value == 0){
         genotype0(i, j) = 1;
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ inline arma::mat FBM_RW2arma(Rcpp::Environment BM) {
     }}
 
   // fill the rest with 0s (should be 1 column max)
-  int m2 = genotype0.n_cols;
+  size_t m2 = genotype0.n_cols;
   if (m2 > m) {
     myassert(m2 == (m + 1), ERROR_BUG);
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       genotype0(i, m) = 0;
       genotype1(i, m) = 0;
       genotype2(i, m) = 0;
diff --git a/src/snp_king.cpp b/src/snp_king.cpp
index 1d51418a..2b8d542f 100644
--- a/src/snp_king.cpp
+++ b/src/snp_king.cpp
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ inline arma::mat FBM_RW2arma(Rcpp::Environment BM) {
   size_t n = macc.nrow();
   size_t m = macc.ncol();
 
-  for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+  for (unsigned int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       int value = (macc(i,j));
       if (value == 0){
         genotype0(i, j) = 1;
@@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ inline arma::mat FBM_RW2arma(Rcpp::Environment BM) {
     }}
 
   // fill the rest with 0s (should be 1 column max)
-  int m2 = genotype0.n_cols;
+  size_t m2 = genotype0.n_cols;
   if (m2 > m) {
     myassert(m2 == (m + 1), ERROR_BUG);
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       genotype0(i, m) = 0;
       genotype1(i, m) = 0;
       genotype2(i, m) = 0;
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test_gen_tibble.R b/tests/testthat/test_gen_tibble.R
index 2cf81aa5..52d69aa7 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test_gen_tibble.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test_gen_tibble.R
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ test_loci <- data.frame(name=paste0("rs",1:6),
 test_gt <- gen_tibble(x = test_genotypes, loci = test_loci, indiv_meta = test_indiv_meta, quiet = TRUE)
 
 # this also tests show_genotypes and show_loci
-test_that("create gen_tibble from bed",{
+test_that("create gen_tibble from dfs",{
   expect_true(inherits(test_gt,"gen_tbl"))
   # we can extract the genotypes correctly
   extracted_genotypes <- test_gt %>% show_genotypes()
@@ -32,17 +32,6 @@ test_that("create gen_tibble from bed",{
 
 })
 
-# now create it directly from the dfs
-test_that("create gen_tibble from dfs",{
-  test_dfs_gt <- gen_tibble(test_genotypes, indiv_meta = test_indiv_meta,
-             loci = test_loci, quiet = TRUE)
-  # because of the different backing file info, we cannot use identical on the whole object
-  expect_true(identical(show_genotypes(test_gt), show_genotypes(test_dfs_gt)))
-  expect_true(identical(show_loci(test_gt), show_loci(test_dfs_gt)))
-  expect_true(identical(test_gt %>% select(-genotypes),
-                        test_dfs_gt %>% select(-genotypes)))
-})
-
 test_genotypes_c <- rbind(c("1","1","0","1","1","0"),
                           c("2","1","0","0","0","0"),
                           c("2","2","0","0","1","1"))
@@ -81,4 +70,17 @@ test_that("gen_tibble catches invalid alleles",{
 
 })
 
+test_that("gen_tibble from a bed file",{
+  bed_path <- system.file("extdata/pop_a.bed", package = "tidypopgen")
+  pop_a_gt <- gen_tibble(bed_path, quiet=TRUE)
+  # now read the dosages created by plink when saving in raw format
+  raw_file_pop_a <- read.table(system.file("extdata/pop_a.raw", package = "tidypopgen"), header= TRUE)
+  mat <- as.matrix(raw_file_pop_a[,7:ncol(raw_file_pop_a)])
+  mat <- unname(mat)
+  expect_true(all.equal(mat,show_genotypes(pop_a_gt)))
+  # now read in the ped file
+  ped_path <- system.file("extdata/pop_a.ped", package = "tidypopgen")
+  pop_a_ped_gt <- gen_tibble(ped_path, quiet=TRUE,backingfile = tempfile())
+
 
+})
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test_gt_as_plink.R b/tests/testthat/test_gt_as_plink.R
index 8e4bcf91..6baf6df7 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test_gt_as_plink.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test_gt_as_plink.R
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ test_that("write a bed file",{
   #check gt_as_plink converts the NA missing allele to 0
   expect_true(is.na(show_loci(test_gt2)$allele_alt[3]))
 
+
   # now write it as a ped
   ped_path <- gt_as_plink(test_gt, file = paste0(tempfile(),".ped"), type = "ped")
   test_gt3 <- gen_tibble(ped_path, quiet=TRUE)
@@ -37,5 +38,11 @@ test_that("write a bed file",{
   expect_true(all.equal(show_loci(test_gt3),show_loci(test_gt2)))
   expect_true(all.equal(show_genotypes(test_gt3),show_genotypes(test_gt2)))
 
+  # write it as raw
+  raw_path <- gt_as_plink(pop_a_gt,file=tempfile(),type="raw")
+  # check why sex has been lost (it was not read in properly?!?)
+  # look at line 119 of gen_tibble
+  #tools::md5sum(raw_path)==tools::md5sum(system.file("extdata","pop_a.raw",package="tidypopgen"))
+
 })