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使用树莓派制作的远程开门器.html
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使用树莓派制作的远程开门器.html
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><meta name="exporter-version" content=mNote Mac 2.4.10"/><meta name="created" content="2013-07-29T14:03:07Z"/><meta name="updated" content="2013-07-29T14:03:07Z"/><title>使用树莓派制作的远程开门器</title></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div><div style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 5418.640625px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;"><p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;"> </p>
<h3 style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 18px; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 36px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(64, 64, 64) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">背景：</h3>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 69px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">话说自从我厂的商务部门搬到旁边的商务楼之后，工程师发现漂亮的前台MM也搬走了，某区只留下冷冷清清的鱼缸。然后，工程师们发现开门成了个问题。鉴于进门需要刷卡，所以没有带卡的工程师就不得不摁下门铃，等待其他人从座位上起身为自己开门。经历过多次不得不让别人来开门以及不得不为别人开门之后，终于有工程师不能忍受了（我就是其中一个），于是，决定自己动手解决问题。要知道，地球上没有能难住工程师的问题！</p>
<h3 style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 18px; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 36px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(64, 64, 64) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">研究与选择方案：</h3>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 69px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">我厂的电子门锁的开门设备是通过一个带弹簧的开关（门内，类似墙面上开灯的开关）控制的，按下开关就能打开门，按下开关的时候能够听到明显的继电器闭合的声音，因此，趁着没人的时候我把开关拆开看了一下，证实的确是通过触电控制的一个继电器。按下开关时，两个金属触电接触，继电器动作，门打开。继电器在动作后延时4秒左右恢复。这样看来，硬件层面的开门实现就非常简单了：跨接一个数字继电器，要开门时，通过电平信号控制继电器闭合并保持2秒即可。</p>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 400px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;"><img src="http://files.note.sdo.com/M5cEN~kg7sP0LX0es00PVX" alt="" height="400" style="width: 668px; height: 400px; float: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-size: auto; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;"></p>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 69px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">但要实现远程控制，必须设置一台可以通过TCP或是HTTP协议接受用户命令，并能控制开门硬件（继电器）的设备。最初考虑过Arduino，作为一个开源的硬件平台，Arduino的电平输出非常易于控制和操作。而且Arduino也有RJ45或是无线的接口模块。不过在查看了Arduino的无线模块的操作方式之后，我发现要让Arduino接入一个WPA加密的无线网络并实现一个web server并不容易。所以最终还是选择了树莓派（Raspberry PI），虽然RPI的硬件成本更高一点。</p>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">RPI与Arduino的设计目标不同，它主要是一个超小的PC主机。幸好RPI本身提供了若干个GPIO的输出口（3.3V），用来操作数字继电器倒是没有问题。</p>
<ol style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 69px; margin: 13.333333015441895px 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 50px; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word; list-style: decimal outside none;">
<li style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: list-item; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word; list-style: decimal outside none;">RPI的GPIO引脚的定义：<a href="" style="border: 0px none rgb(0, 105, 214); color: rgb(0, 105, 214); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(0, 105, 214) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#General_Purpose_Input.2FOutput_.28GPIO.29</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: list-item; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word; list-style: decimal outside none;">引脚的输出规格：<a href="" style="border: 0px none rgb(0, 105, 214); color: rgb(0, 105, 214); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(0, 105, 214) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">http://elinux.org/RPi_BCM2835_GPIOs</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: list-item; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word; list-style: decimal outside none;">RPI的GPIO教程：<a href="" style="border: 0px none rgb(0, 105, 214); color: rgb(0, 105, 214); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(0, 105, 214) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">http://log.liminastudio.com/writing/tutorials/tutorial-how-to-use-your-raspberry-pi-like-an-arduino</a></li>
</ol>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 46px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">请特别注意：由于GPIO的引脚是没有保护电路的，不当的硬件连接很可能会导致整块RPI板子烧掉，连接和操作时务必慎重。在确定方案时，我个人使用了面包板，电阻和二极管等电子元件搭建实验电路，并反复用万用表验证过输出电压和电流（主要是对RPI的每个脚的输出不确定）。</strong></p>
<h3 style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 18px; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 36px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(64, 64, 64) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">操作步骤</h3>
<h4 style="border: 0px none rgb(64, 64, 64); color: rgb(64, 64, 64); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 36px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(64, 64, 64) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">在RPI上安装操作系统</h4>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 69px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">拿到RPI后，首先要在RPI上安装操作系统。这里有份文档：<a href="" style="border: 0px none rgb(0, 105, 214); color: rgb(0, 105, 214); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(0, 105, 214) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">http://log.liminastudio.com/writing/tutorials/getting-started-with-the-raspberry-pi</a>，安装完操作系统后，确保重新启动成功（RPI的视频输出口是HDMI接口，可以直接连接在支持HDMI的显示器或是电视上，或者可以通过HDMI转VGA/DVI的连接线连接到支持VGA/DVI的显示器上。<strong style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">注意：无源的HDMI转VGA的线可能会损坏RPI板</strong>）。</p>
<h4 style="border: 0px none rgb(64, 64, 64); color: rgb(64, 64, 64); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 36px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(64, 64, 64) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">配置网络</h4>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">RPI本身的网络支持已经比较完善，通过有线方式接入的话，只要直接插入网线就可。考虑到无线方式部署比较方便，我采用的是无线连接的方式。</p>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 46px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">RPI仅对部分网卡支持较好，利用RPI的官网上的无线网卡兼容信息，最终选择了一款相对便宜且能得到较好支持的网卡：<strong style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">TP-LINK TL-WN823N</strong>，该网卡可以从amazon.cn购买，购买地址见本文最后的列表。</p>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">插入网卡后，修改网卡的配置信息：</p>
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; font-family: Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Courier New', monospace; height: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 14px; text-decoration: initial; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 870px; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; font-family: Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Courier New', monospace; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;"> sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
</code></pre>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">修改其中与wlan0相关的部分：</p>
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; font-family: Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Courier New', monospace; height: 240px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 14px; text-decoration: initial; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 870px; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; font-family: Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Courier New', monospace; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;"> auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet dhcp
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
wpa-ssid 你要连接的wifi ssid
wpa-psk 你的wpa连接密码
address 192.168.0.20 # 设定的静态IP地址
netmask 255.255.255.0 # 网络掩码
gateway 192.168.0.1 # 网关
network 192.168.0.0 # 网络地址
#wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
iface default inet dhcp
</code></pre>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">这里我选择了使用静态地址，原因是我们不希望开门的服务器地址老是变来边去。设置好网络并确认能够正常工作后，就可以着手进行下一个步骤了。</p>
<h4 style="border: 0px none rgb(64, 64, 64); color: rgb(64, 64, 64); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 36px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(64, 64, 64) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">连接硬件</h4>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">下图是具体的连接方式，注意连在RPI上的三条线，白色（电源）、黑色（GND）、灰色（信号）分别连接在RPI GPIO的2号、6号与7号针脚上。</p>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 668px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;"><img src="http://files.note.sdo.com/M5cEN~kg7sP0LX0es00PVZ" alt="" width="400" style="width: 400px; height: 668px; float: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-size: auto; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;"></p>
<h4 style="border: 0px none rgb(64, 64, 64); color: rgb(64, 64, 64); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 36px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(64, 64, 64) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">编写代码</h4>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 46px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">RPI的操作系统缺省已经有一个Python的安装了。因此，我们可以使用Python来设置Web Server并控制开门的硬件设备。我选择了web.py作为Web server的开发基础，加上GPIO的python库来完成工作。</p>
<ol style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 46px; margin: 13.333333015441895px 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 50px; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word; list-style: decimal outside none;">
<li style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: list-item; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word; list-style: decimal outside none;">Web.py的下载、安装与教程：<a href="" style="border: 0px none rgb(0, 105, 214); color: rgb(0, 105, 214); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(0, 105, 214) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">http://webpy.org/</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: list-item; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word; list-style: decimal outside none;">RPI GPIO的python库安装和使用：<a href="" style="border: 0px none rgb(0, 105, 214); color: rgb(0, 105, 214); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(0, 105, 214) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">http://log.liminastudio.com/writing/tutorials/tutorial-how-to-use-your-raspberry-pi-like-an-arduino</a></li>
</ol>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">接下来就是在RPI上设置Web server了。遵循我厂的传统，使用Python作为Web server的主要开发语言。</p>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">开门硬件控制相关代码：</p>
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; font-family: Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Courier New', monospace; height: 304px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 14px; text-decoration: initial; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 870px; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; font-family: Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Courier New', monospace; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;"> import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
PORT = 7
def reset():
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(PORT, GPIO.IN)
def initcontroller():
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(PORT, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(PORT, True)
def opendoor():
GPIO.setup(PORT, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(PORT, False)
time.sleep(2)
GPIO.output(PORT, True)
</code></pre>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">Web server代码（基于web.py）</p>
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; font-family: Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Courier New', monospace; height: 704px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 14px; text-decoration: initial; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 870px; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; font-family: Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Courier New', monospace; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;"> import web
from web import form
import doorop
import requests
render = web.template.render('templates/')
urls = (
'/', 'index'
)
app = web.application(urls, globals())
myform = form.Form(
form.Textbox("username"),
form.Textbox("password", form.notnull)
)
#initial door controller
doorop.initcontroller()
def verifyuser(uname, passwd):
#这里是验证用户的逻辑，我是用公司的LDAP服务器进行验证的
#验证成功返回True，否则返回False
pass
class index:
def GET(self):
form = myform()
return render.formtest(form)
def POST(self):
form = myform()
if not form.validates():
return render.formtest(form)
else:
if(verifyuser(form['username'].value, form['password'].value)):
doorop.opendoor()
return "door opened!"
else:
return "Username/Password invalid!"
if __name__ == "__main__":
web.internalerror = web.debugerror
app.run()
</code></pre>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">这样就在RPI上建立了一个web server，用HTTP POST方式输入正确的用户名和口令就能实现开门。</p>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 46px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">为了更方便地应用远程开门（例如，用手机开门显然更cool），可以编写iOS或是Android上运行的开门应用。当然，由于开门只需要发送一个HTTP POST请求，直接写成一个可以在Mac/Linux/Win下运行的命令行也可以。</p>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 407px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;"><img src="http://files.note.sdo.com/M5cEN~kg7sP0LX0es00PVV" alt="" height="400" style="width: 668px; height: 400px; float: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-size: auto; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;">部署后的全景</p>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 407px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;"><img src="http://files.note.sdo.com/M5cEN~kg7sOMLX0es00PVR" alt="" height="400" style="width: 225px; height: 400px; float: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-size: auto; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;">豆瓣开门</p>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 407px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;"><img src="http://files.note.sdo.com/M5cEN~kg7sP0LX0es00PVT" alt="" height="400" style="width: 225px; height: 400px; float: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-size: auto; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;">豆瓣开门widget</p>
<h3 style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 18px; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 36px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(64, 64, 64) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">后记与感谢</h3>
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 46px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">感谢所有参与这个项目的我厂同学们，豆瓣的确是个有着独特的技术文化的环境，这里不仅有许多可以互相交流想法的技术geek，还有这庞大的对所有新鲜的东西感兴趣的工程师群体，欢迎各位喜欢这个环境的其他非我厂同学们参观和加入：）</p>
<h3 style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 18px; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 36px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(64, 64, 64) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; width: 900px; word-wrap: break-word;">成本与硬件列表（为方便想要动手的同学，带购买链接，点击请慎重）</h3>
<ol style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 197px; margin: 13.333333015441895px 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 50px; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word; list-style: decimal outside none;">
<li style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: list-item; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 69px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word; list-style: decimal outside none;">
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 69px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word;">树莓派（MODB-512M） <strong style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">带运费，税费，约300元</strong> <a href="" style="border: 0px none rgb(0, 105, 214); color: rgb(0, 105, 214); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(0, 105, 214) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">http://cn.element14.com/raspberry-pi/raspbrry-modb-512m/%E5%8D%95%E6%9D%BF%E6%9C%BA-%E6%A0%91%E8%8E%93%E6%B4%BE-raspberry-pi-b%E5%9E%8B-512mb/dp/2191863?ref=lookahead</a></p>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: list-item; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word; list-style: decimal outside none;">
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word;">TP-LINK TL-WN823N 300M迷你型无线USB网卡 <strong style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">55元</strong> <a href="" style="border: 0px none rgb(0, 105, 214); color: rgb(0, 105, 214); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(0, 105, 214) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B009A2WQTW</a></p>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: list-item; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word; list-style: decimal outside none;">
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word;">连接线：<strong style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">2元</strong> <a href="" style="border: 0px none rgb(0, 105, 214); color: rgb(0, 105, 214); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(0, 105, 214) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">http://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=13451559655></a></p>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: list-item; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word; list-style: decimal outside none;">
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word;">两路数字继电器 <strong style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">5元</strong> <a href="" style="border: 0px none rgb(0, 105, 214); color: rgb(0, 105, 214); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(0, 105, 214) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">http://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=13451559655</a></p>
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<li style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: list-item; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word; list-style: decimal outside none;">
<p style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; width: 850px; word-wrap: break-word;">其他： <strong style="border: 0px none rgb(115, 115, 115); color: rgb(115, 115, 115); display: inline; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px; line-height: 23px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: rgb(115, 115, 115) none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial; word-wrap: break-word;">约60元</strong> 导线 4G SD卡一张</p>
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