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Razor

Razor is a tool to detect signal peptides for eukaryotic protein sequences. In addition to signal peptide detection, we also detect:

  • If the signal peptide carries toxic protein.
  • Whether the signal peptide is from fungi.

Installation

Prerequisite

  • Python 3.6+

Download/Clone the source code to your device. In the source code directory, execute these commands:

pip3 install -r requirements.txt

It is highly recommended to use a virtual environment venv and install the dependencies to that environment. If you are interested in a webserver version of this tool, please check TISIGNER_ReactJS repository.

Usage

Description of available options:

usage: Razor [-h] [-v] -f FASTAFILE [-o OUTPUT] [-m MAXSCAN] [-n NCORES]

A tool to detect signal peptide

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -v, --version         Show program's version number and exit.
  -f FASTAFILE, --fastafile FASTAFILE
                        Input fasta file
  -o OUTPUT, --output OUTPUT
                        Output file name.
  -m MAXSCAN, --maxscan MAXSCAN
                        Check for cleavage site upto this residue. Default: 80
  -n NCORES, --ncores NCORES
                        Number of cores to use. Default: 1/4 of total cores.
  -q QUIET, --quiet QUIET
                        Do not show warnings. (yes/no). Default: yes

(c) Authors

  • m is the maximum length upto which we scan for the possible cleavage site. For example: -m 50 means we will scan upto 50th residue for the presence of a cleavage site. By default, upto 80th residue is scanned.

  • n is the number of CPU cores we will use for the computation. This will be turned off if number of sequences is less than 100. Above that, we will use one fourth of your available CPU cores by default.

Sample usage:

python3 razor.py -f example_fasta.fa

Description of results

Razor detects signal peptide in the given sequence. If signal peptide is found, it also checks if the signal peptide carries toxic proteins or is from fungi. This is done using 5 random forest model at each detection step. Consequently, we have 5 scores for each step. These scores are described below:

Signal peptide Toxin Fungi
Scores from 5 models Y_score Toxin_Scores Fungi_Scores
Prediction from 5 models True/False True/False True/False
Final scores (Median of scores above) SP_score Toxin_scores_Median Fungi_scores_Median

The result of interest is often the final scores (SP_score, Toxin_scores_Median, Fungi_scores_Median).

Cleavage site identification

Possible cleavage site is the residues where the C-score is maximum. There will be 5 probable cleavage sites form 5 models. The location of the median of these max C-scores is regarded as the final cleavage site. If all of the signal peptide predictions are False, the final cleavage site will be 0 regardless of the values in possible cleavage sites.

Final cleavage site is labelled as Cleavage after residue in the results.

Example results file

For an example signal peptide: Q07310 with cleavage after 27th residue, the result file looks like this. This has a SP_score of 0.75, with 4 out of 5 models returning True in SP_prediction. Looking at predictions for fungi and toxin, we are certain that it does not have any toxic proteins and is not of fungi origin.

Accession Sequence Y_score SP_Prediction Max_C Probable Cleavage after Cleavage after residue SP_score Fungi_Scores Fungi_Prediction Fungi_scores_Median Toxin_Scores Toxin_Prediction Toxin_scores_Median
Q07310 MSFTLHSVFFTLKVSSFLGSLV... [0.81, 0.75, 0.34, 0.75, 0.76] [True, True, False, True, True] [0.87, 0.81, 0.54, 0.8, 0.81] [27, 27, 27, 27, 27] 27 0.75 [0.06, 0.07, 0.14, 0.09, 0.06] [False, False, False, False, False] 0.07 [0.07, 0.03, 0.04, 0.16, 0.02] [False, False, False, False, False] 0.04

Cite

If you find Razor useful, please cite the following paper:

  • Bikash K Bhandari, Paul P Gardner, Chun Shen Lim. (2020). Annotating eukaryotic and toxin-specific signal peptides using Razor. bioRxiv. DOI:10.1101/2020.11.30.405613