NGINX-topics.md

Installation-NGINX

Tutorial for Nginx server for linux https://nginx.org/en/
Installation:

Step 1:

• sudo apt update

Step 2:

• sudo apt install nginx -y

Step 3:

Once the installation is complete, start Nginx and enable it to run on boot:

• sudo systemctl start nginx
• sudo systemctl enable nginx

Step 4:

Adjust your firewall settings (if necessary) if you have firewall enabled, then allow HTTP and HTTPS traffic:

• sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'

Step 5:

Verify Nginx Installation

• sudo systemctl status nginx

---

Now open on browser to see default welcome page for nginx server by:

• http://localhost

Create Custom NGINX error display view

Step 1:

Create a folder name error-pages(rename as you want) inside the folder create 404.html & 403.html

• sudo nano /var/www/html/error-pages/403.html
• sudo nano /var/www/html/error-pages/404.html

Inside the 404.html & 403.html file write html code and css for styling

Step 2:

Open your Nginx configuration file

• sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default or sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

Update the configuration file in server block

error_page 403 /error-pages/403.html;
error_page 404 /error-pages/404.html;

location = /error-pages/403.html {
    root /var/www/html;
    internal;
}

location = /error-pages/404.html {
    root /var/www/html;
    internal;
}

Explaination:

• error_page 404 or 403 tells Nginx to display your custom 404.html and 403.html page from the /var/www/html/error-pages directory whenever a 404 and 403 error occurs.
• location = /error-pages/404.html or /error-pages/404.html {...} ensures that the custom 404.html or 403.html file is served correctly when a 404 error and 403 error occurs and it is handled internally.

Step 3:

Reload or Restart the nginx

• sudo systemctl restart nginx
• sudo systemctl reload nginx

Here is the demo of Error pages

403 Forbidden error

404 Not Found error

---

Create Multiple Users

Step 1:

Open Terminal

• create shell scripting file

• Folder name create_user.sh #!/bin/bash

  if [ -z "$1" ]; then
  echo "Please provide a username."
  exit 1
  fi
  
     USERNAME=$1
    USERDIR="/home/$USERNAME/www"
  
    sudo useradd -m $USERNAME
  
    sudo mkdir -p $USERDIR
  
      sudo chown -R $USERNAME:$USERNAME /home/$USERNAME
  
    echo "Welcome to $USERNAME's website" | sudo tee $USERDIR/index.html
  
    sudo chmod -R 755 /home/$USERNAME
  
    echo "User $USERNAME created with default website folder and index.html file."
  

Step 2:

Open Configuration file and write in server block

 location ~^/~([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)(.*) 
 {
    alias /home/$1/www$2;
    
    index index.html index.htm;
    
    autoindex on;
    
    fancyindex on;  
    
    fancyindex_css_href "/fancyindex.css";    
 }

Step 3:

• ./create_user stephen

Step 4:

• ls /home

Step 5:

write google.ldh.in/~stephen on browser

PPT of NGINX Topics

https://nginx-ppt.netlify.app/