diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 8d8f668..7988d03 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2024 Ant Group Co., Ltd.
+# Copyright 2024 Jamie Cui
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
 # use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
@@ -14,17 +14,17 @@
 
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
 
-project(
-  yacl
+project(yacl_r
   VERSION 0.4.5
-  DESCRIPTION
-    "YACL (Yet Another Common crypto library) is a C++ library that contains cryptography, network and io modules which other SecretFlow code depends on."
-  HOMEPAGE_URL "https://github.com/secretflow/yacl"
+  DESCRIPTION "YACL-r (Yet Another Crypto Library for Research)"
+  HOMEPAGE_URL "https://github.com/Jamie-Cui/yacl-r"
   LANGUAGES CXX C)
 
-set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/")
-set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS TRUE)
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Project Generic Configuration
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+# Configure build type
 if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
   set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE
       "Release"
@@ -34,103 +34,129 @@ if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
 endif()
 message(STATUS "Build type (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE): ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")
 
+# Set module path
+set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/")
+
+# Enable compile_commands.json for lsp
+set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS TRUE)
+
 # This policy was introduced in CMake 3.13; OLD by default until CMake 3.21
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0077 NEW)
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0135 NEW)
 
-# CMake modules
+# Generic CMake modules
+include(AddCompilerFlags)
 include(CMakeDependentOption)
 include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
 include(CheckCXXSourceRuns)
 include(CheckLanguage)
-include(FetchContent)
 include(ExternalProject)
+include(GNUInstallDirs)
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Toolchain Configuration
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# CMake arguments
+set(CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE On) # Enable position-independent-code
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)              # Enable C++17
+set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED Yes)      # Force C standard to be present
 
-# Always build position-independent-code
-set(CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
+# HACK CMAKE_ARGS should only be used in external project to reuse main
+# project's cmake args
+set(CMAKE_ARGS
+  -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=On
+  -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17
+  -DCMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED=Yes)
 
-# Enable C++17
-set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
-set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED YES)
 # set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS
 #    "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -undefined dynamic_lookup")
 
-include(GNUInstallDirs)
-set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
-set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
-set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
 
-include(AddCompilerFlags)
+# Additional compiler flags
+add_compiler_flags("-Wall")
+add_compiler_flags("-Wextra")
+add_compiler_flags("-Werror")
+
+add_compiler_flags("-Wno-sign-compare")
+
+# FIXME remove this flag
+add_compiler_flags("-Wno-unused-function")
+add_compiler_flags("-Wno-vla") # no variable length error warning
+
+# For cryptos
+add_compiler_flags("-maes")
+add_compiler_flags("-mavx")
+add_compiler_flags("-mpclmul")
 
 # make it colorful under ninja-build
 if(CMAKE_GENERATOR STREQUAL Ninja)
   add_compiler_flags(-fdiagnostics-color=always)
 endif()
 
-# set fetch content base directory
-set(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/external_cmake)
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# External Dependencies Configuration
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # prefer -pthread instead of -lpthread or -lpthreads
 set(THREADS_PREFER_PTHREAD_FLAG TRUE)
 find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
 
-include(ExternalAbseil)
-include(ExternalBlake3)
-include(ExternalFmt)
-include(ExternalSPDLog)
-include(ExternalGTest)
-include(ExternalGflags)
-include(ExternalMsgpack)
-include(ExternalOpenSSL)
-include(ExternalLibTommath)
-include(ExternalSse2neon)
-include(ExternalMcl)
-include(ExternalFourQ)
-include(ExternalLibSodium)
+set(CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX
+  ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/thirdparty)
+set(CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_LIBDIR
+  ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
+set(CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_BINDIR
+  ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
+set(CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_INCLUDEDIR
+  ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR})
+
+include(abseil)
+include(blake3)
+include(fmt)
+include(gtest)
+include(gflags)
+include(spdlog)
+include(msgpack)
+
+# ----------------------------
+# Project Target Configuration
+# ----------------------------
+
+set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
+set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
+set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
 
 enable_testing()
 
 add_library(yacl STATIC)
 
-target_include_directories(
-  yacl
-  PUBLIC
-    "$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}>" # these dirs are only used
-                                                   # when building inside the
-                                                   # build tree
-    "$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>" # these dirs are only
-                                                       # used when linking
-                                                       # against a prebuilt
-                                                       # version of your package
-)
+target_include_directories(yacl PUBLIC
+    # these dirs are only used when building inside the build tree
+    "$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}>"
+    # these dirs are only used when linking against a prebuilt package
+    "$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>")
 
-target_include_directories(yacl PUBLIC ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/include)
+target_include_directories(yacl PUBLIC ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_INCLUDEDIR})
 
 set(YACL_SOURCE_FILES "")
 
-add_subdirectory(yacl)
+# add_subdirectory(yacl)
 add_subdirectory(yacl/base)
-add_subdirectory(yacl/crypto)
+# add_subdirectory(yacl/crypto)
 add_subdirectory(yacl/io)
 add_subdirectory(yacl/utils)
-add_subdirectory(yacl/math)
+# add_subdirectory(yacl/math)
 
 target_sources(yacl PRIVATE ${YACL_SOURCE_FILES})
 
-target_link_libraries(
-  yacl
-  PUBLIC fmt::fmt
-         absl::stacktrace
-         absl::symbolize
-         absl::int128
-         BLAKE3::blake3
-         mcl::mcl
-         ExtLibsodium::libsodium
-         ExtLibtommath::libtommath
-         ExtFourQ::fourq)
-
-if(YACL_WITH_EXT_OPENSSL)
-  target_link_libraries(yacl PUBLIC Extossl::Crypto Extossl::SSL)
-else()
-  target_link_libraries(yacl PUBLIC ossl::Crypto ossl::SSL)
-endif()
+target_link_libraries(yacl PUBLIC
+  External::absl
+  External::fmt
+  External::spdlog
+  External::blake3
+  # mcl::mcl
+  # ExtLibsodium::libsodium
+  # ExtLibtommath::libtommath
+  # ExtFourQ::fourq
+)
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 9026c40..78c2186 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 Yacl-r is a fork and extension of the C++ crypto library [secretflow/yacl](https://github.com/secretflow/yacl). The crypto modules in Yacl implement many state-of-art secure computation protocols, including primitives like OT, VOLE, TPRE, and tools like PRG, RO. Check the full list of Yacl's supported algorithms in [ALGORITHMS.md](ALGORITHMS.md).
 
+> [!WARNING]
+> Yacl-r is under heavy development, please use at your own risk
+
 ## Repo Layout
 
 - [base](yacl/base/): some basic types and utils in yacl.
diff --git a/cmake/AddCompilerFlags.cmake b/cmake/AddCompilerFlags.cmake
index 4dd0903..7409a17 100644
--- a/cmake/AddCompilerFlags.cmake
+++ b/cmake/AddCompilerFlags.cmake
@@ -29,15 +29,3 @@ function(add_compiler_flags flag)
   endif()
 endfunction()
 
-add_compiler_flags("-Wall")
-add_compiler_flags("-Wextra")
-add_compiler_flags("-Werror")
-
-# FIXME remove this flag
-add_compiler_flags("-Wno-unused-function")
-add_compiler_flags("-Wno-vla") # no variable length error warning
-
-# For cryptos
-add_compiler_flags("-maes")
-add_compiler_flags("-mavx")
-add_compiler_flags("-mpclmul")
diff --git a/cmake/ExternalFmt.cmake b/cmake/ExternalFmt.cmake
deleted file mode 100644
index 2166420..0000000
--- a/cmake/ExternalFmt.cmake
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2024 Ant Group Co., Ltd.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-FetchContent_Declare(fmt
-                     URL https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/archive/refs/tags/11.0.2.tar.gz
-                     URL_HASH SHA256=6cb1e6d37bdcb756dbbe59be438790db409cdb4868c66e888d5df9f13f7c027f
-                    )
-
-SET(FMT_TEST OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
-FetchContent_MakeAvailable(fmt)
-
-include_directories(${fmt_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
diff --git a/cmake/ExternalGTest.cmake b/cmake/ExternalGTest.cmake
deleted file mode 100644
index cdae437..0000000
--- a/cmake/ExternalGTest.cmake
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2024 Ant Group Co., Ltd.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-FetchContent_Declare(googletest
-                     URL https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/refs/tags/v1.15.2.tar.gz
-                     URL_HASH SHA256=7b42b4d6ed48810c5362c265a17faebe90dc2373c885e5216439d37927f02926
-                    )
-
-FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest)
diff --git a/cmake/ExternalGflags.cmake b/cmake/ExternalGflags.cmake
deleted file mode 100644
index 49ee05f..0000000
--- a/cmake/ExternalGflags.cmake
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2024 Ant Group Co., Ltd.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-FetchContent_Declare(gflags
-                     URL https://github.com/gflags/gflags/archive/v2.2.2.tar.gz
-                     URL_HASH SHA256=34af2f15cf7367513b352bdcd2493ab14ce43692d2dcd9dfc499492966c64dcf
-                    )
-
-set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_OLD "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
-
-# Add other flags here.
-set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-parameter")
-set(BUILD_TESTING OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
-
-FetchContent_MakeAvailable(gflags)
-
-set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_OLD}")
-unset(BUILD_TESTING)
diff --git a/cmake/ExternalMsgpack.cmake b/cmake/ExternalMsgpack.cmake
deleted file mode 100644
index 2c880d7..0000000
--- a/cmake/ExternalMsgpack.cmake
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2024 Ant Group Co., Ltd.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-FetchContent_Declare(msgpack
-                     URL https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-c/archive/refs/tags/cpp-6.1.0.tar.gz
-                     URL_HASH SHA256=5e63e4d9b12ab528fccf197f7e6908031039b1fc89cd8da0e97fbcbf5a6c6d3a
-                    )
-
-SET(MSGPACK_CXX17 ON CACHE INTERNAL "")
-SET(MSGPACK_USE_BOOST OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
-SET(MSGPACK_BUILD_EXAMPLES OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
-SET(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
-SET(MSGPACK_BUILD_TESTS OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
-
-FetchContent_MakeAvailable(msgpack)
-
-add_definitions(-DMSGPACK_NO_BOOST)
-include_directories(${msgpack_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
-
diff --git a/cmake/ExternalSPDLog.cmake b/cmake/ExternalSPDLog.cmake
deleted file mode 100644
index 48c7626..0000000
--- a/cmake/ExternalSPDLog.cmake
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2024 Ant Group Co., Ltd.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-FetchContent_Declare(spdlog
-                     URL https://github.com/gabime/spdlog/archive/refs/tags/v1.14.1.tar.gz
-                     URL_HASH SHA256=1586508029a7d0670dfcb2d97575dcdc242d3868a259742b69f100801ab4e16b
-                    )
-
-SET(SPDLOG_BUILD_EXAMPLE OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
-SET(SPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL ON CACHE INTERNAL "")
-SET(SPDLOG_NO_TLS ON CACHE INTERNAL "")
-SET(SPDLOG_BUILD_PIC ON CACHE INTERNAL "")
-
-FetchContent_MakeAvailable(spdlog)
-
-include_directories(${spdlog_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
-add_definitions(-DSPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL)
diff --git a/cmake/abseil.cmake b/cmake/abseil.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10bb784
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/abseil.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Copyright 2024 Jamie Cui
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+ExternalProject_Add(abseil
+  URL
+    https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp/archive/refs/tags/20240722.0.tar.gz
+  URL_HASH
+    SHA256=f50e5ac311a81382da7fa75b97310e4b9006474f9560ac46f54a9967f07d4ae3
+  CMAKE_ARGS ${CMAKE_ARGS}
+    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}
+    -DABSL_BUILD_MONOLITHIC_SHARED_LIBS=On
+    -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=On
+  PREFIX ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}
+  LOG_DOWNLOAD On
+  LOG_CONFIGURE On
+  LOG_BUILD On
+  LOG_INSTALL On)
+
+add_library(libabseil SHARED IMPORTED)
+set_property(
+  TARGET libabseil PROPERTY
+  IMPORTED_LOCATION ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_LIBDIR}/libabseil_dll.dylib)
+add_dependencies(libabseil abseil)
+
+add_library(External::absl ALIAS libabseil)
diff --git a/cmake/ExternalBlake3.cmake b/cmake/blake3.cmake
similarity index 53%
rename from cmake/ExternalBlake3.cmake
rename to cmake/blake3.cmake
index c34f1dc..663d07f 100644
--- a/cmake/ExternalBlake3.cmake
+++ b/cmake/blake3.cmake
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2024 Ant Group Co., Ltd.
+# Copyright 2024 Jamie Cui
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
 # use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
@@ -12,14 +12,24 @@
 # License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 # the License.
 
-FetchContent_Declare(
-  blake3
-  URL https://github.com/BLAKE3-team/BLAKE3/archive/refs/tags/1.5.4.tar.gz
+ExternalProject_Add(blake3
+  URL
+    https://github.com/BLAKE3-team/BLAKE3/archive/refs/tags/1.5.4.tar.gz
   URL_HASH
     SHA256=ddd24f26a31d23373e63d9be2e723263ac46c8b6d49902ab08024b573fd2a416
-  SOURCE_SUBDIR c)
+  CMAKE_ARGS
+    ${CMAKE_ARGS} -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}
+  PREFIX ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}
+  SOURCE_SUBDIR c
+  LOG_DOWNLOAD On
+  LOG_CONFIGURE On
+  LOG_BUILD On
+  LOG_INSTALL On)
 
-FetchContent_MakeAvailable(blake3)
-
-include_directories(${blake3_SOURCE_DIR})
+add_library(libblake3 STATIC IMPORTED)
+set_property(
+  TARGET libblake3 PROPERTY
+  IMPORTED_LOCATION ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_LIBDIR}/libblake3.a)
+add_dependencies(libblake3 blake3)
 
+add_library(External::blake3 ALIAS libblake3)
diff --git a/cmake/fmt.cmake b/cmake/fmt.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e15e8b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/fmt.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Copyright 2024 Jamie Cui
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+ExternalProject_Add(fmt
+  URL
+    https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/archive/refs/tags/11.0.2.tar.gz
+  URL_HASH
+    SHA256=6cb1e6d37bdcb756dbbe59be438790db409cdb4868c66e888d5df9f13f7c027f
+  CMAKE_ARGS
+    ${CMAKE_ARGS} -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}
+  PREFIX ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}
+  LOG_DOWNLOAD On
+  LOG_CONFIGURE On
+  LOG_BUILD On
+  LOG_INSTALL On)
+
+add_library(libfmt STATIC IMPORTED)
+set_property(
+  TARGET libfmt PROPERTY
+  IMPORTED_LOCATION ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_LIBDIR}/libfmt.a)
+add_dependencies(libfmt fmt)
+
+add_library(External::fmt ALIAS libfmt)
diff --git a/cmake/ExternalFourQ.cmake b/cmake/fourq.cmake
similarity index 97%
rename from cmake/ExternalFourQ.cmake
rename to cmake/fourq.cmake
index 7520ded..b27b0ac 100644
--- a/cmake/ExternalFourQ.cmake
+++ b/cmake/fourq.cmake
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2024 Ant Group Co., Ltd.
+# Copyright 2024 Jamie Cui
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
 # use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ ExternalProject_Add(
   PATCH_COMMAND patch -p1 -l --binary -i
                 ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bazel/patches/FourQlib.patch
   CONFIGURE_COMMAND "" # no configure
+  EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL true
   BUILD_COMMAND ${YACL_EXT_FOURQ_BUILD_COMMAND}
   INSTALL_COMMAND ${YACL_EXT_FOURQ_INSTALL_COMMAND})
 
diff --git a/cmake/ExternalAbseil.cmake b/cmake/gflags.cmake
similarity index 52%
rename from cmake/ExternalAbseil.cmake
rename to cmake/gflags.cmake
index 12192bf..e45c435 100644
--- a/cmake/ExternalAbseil.cmake
+++ b/cmake/gflags.cmake
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2024 Ant Group Co., Ltd.
+# Copyright 2024 Jamie Cui
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,14 +12,17 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-FetchContent_Declare(
-    abseil
-    URL https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp/archive/refs/tags/20240722.0.tar.gz
-    URL_HASH SHA256=f50e5ac311a81382da7fa75b97310e4b9006474f9560ac46f54a9967f07d4ae3
-)
-
-SET(ABSL_PROPAGATE_CXX_STD ON CACHE INTERNAL "")
-SET(ABSL_USE_SYSTEM_INCLUDES ON CACHE INTERNAL "")
-FetchContent_MakeAvailable(abseil)
-
-include_directories(${abseil_SOURCE_DIR})
+ExternalProject_Add(gflags
+  URL
+     https://github.com/gflags/gflags/archive/v2.2.2.tar.gz
+  URL_HASH
+     SHA256=34af2f15cf7367513b352bdcd2493ab14ce43692d2dcd9dfc499492966c64dcf
+  CMAKE_ARGS ${CMAKE_ARGS}
+    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}
+    -DSPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL=On
+    -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-isystem\ ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_INCLUDEDIR}
+  PREFIX ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}
+  LOG_DOWNLOAD On
+  LOG_CONFIGURE On
+  LOG_BUILD On
+  LOG_INSTALL On)
diff --git a/cmake/gtest.cmake b/cmake/gtest.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7581d6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/gtest.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Copyright 2024 Jamie Cui
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+ExternalProject_Add(googletest
+  URL https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/refs/tags/v1.15.2.tar.gz
+  URL_HASH SHA256=7b42b4d6ed48810c5362c265a17faebe90dc2373c885e5216439d37927f02926
+  CMAKE_ARGS
+    ${CMAKE_ARGS} -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX} -DBUILD_GMOCK=Off
+  PREFIX ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}
+  LOG_DOWNLOAD On
+  LOG_CONFIGURE On
+  LOG_BUILD On
+  LOG_INSTALL On)
+
+add_library(libgtest STATIC IMPORTED)
+set_property(
+  TARGET libgtest PROPERTY
+  IMPORTED_LOCATION ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_LIBDIR}/libgtest.a)
+add_dependencies(libgtest googletest)
+
+add_library(libgtest_main STATIC IMPORTED)
+set_property(
+  TARGET libgtest_main PROPERTY
+  IMPORTED_LOCATION ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_LIBDIR}/libgtest_main.a)
+add_dependencies(libgtest_main googletest)
+
+add_library(libgtest_interface INTERFACE)
+target_link_libraries(libgtest_interface
+  INTERFACE libgtest_main libgtest)
+add_library(External::gtest ALIAS libgtest_interface)
diff --git a/cmake/ExternalLibSodium.cmake b/cmake/libsodium.cmake
similarity index 96%
rename from cmake/ExternalLibSodium.cmake
rename to cmake/libsodium.cmake
index c11b24e..6e80b7b 100644
--- a/cmake/ExternalLibSodium.cmake
+++ b/cmake/libsodium.cmake
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ ExternalProject_Add(
   URL_HASH
     SHA256=6f504490b342a4f8a4c4a02fc9b866cbef8622d5df4e5452b46be121e46636c1
   BUILD_IN_SOURCE true
+  DOWNLOAD_NO_PROGRESS true
+  EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL true
   CONFIGURE_COMMAND ./configure --prefix=${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
   BUILD_COMMAND make
   INSTALL_COMMAND make install
diff --git a/cmake/ExternalLibTommath.cmake b/cmake/libtommath.cmake
similarity index 94%
rename from cmake/ExternalLibTommath.cmake
rename to cmake/libtommath.cmake
index ec876d7..a7e50d4 100644
--- a/cmake/ExternalLibTommath.cmake
+++ b/cmake/libtommath.cmake
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ ExternalProject_Add(
   URL https://github.com/libtom/libtommath/archive/42b3fb07e7d504f61a04c7fca12e996d76a25251.tar.gz
   URL_HASH
     SHA256=7cfbdb64431129de4257e7d3349200fdbd4f229b470ff3417b30d0f39beed41f
+  BUILD_IN_SOURCE true
+  DOWNLOAD_NO_PROGRESS true
+  EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL true
   INSTALL_COMMAND cmake --install . --prefix ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
   EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
 
diff --git a/cmake/ExternalMcl.cmake b/cmake/mcl.cmake
similarity index 95%
rename from cmake/ExternalMcl.cmake
rename to cmake/mcl.cmake
index e444c85..0964f03 100644
--- a/cmake/ExternalMcl.cmake
+++ b/cmake/mcl.cmake
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ FetchContent_Declare(
   mcl
   URL https://github.com/herumi/mcl/archive/refs/tags/v1.99.tar.gz
   URL_HASH
-    SHA256=5ff9702c1f1b021925d1334ca0a03c87783174075aeaf87801842d3c08b3d39e)
+    SHA256=5ff9702c1f1b021925d1334ca0a03c87783174075aeaf87801842d3c08b3d39e
+    EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+
 
 FetchContent_MakeAvailable(mcl)
 
diff --git a/cmake/msgpack.cmake b/cmake/msgpack.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b65311b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/msgpack.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Copyright 2024 Ant Group Co., Ltd.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+ExternalProject_Add(msgpack
+  URL
+    https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-c/archive/refs/tags/cpp-6.1.0.tar.gz
+  URL_HASH
+    SHA256=5e63e4d9b12ab528fccf197f7e6908031039b1fc89cd8da0e97fbcbf5a6c6d3a
+  CMAKE_ARGS ${CMAKE_ARGS}
+    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}
+    -DMSGPACK_CXX17=On
+    -DMSGPACK_USE_BOOST=Off
+    -DMSGPACK_BUILD_EXAMPLES=Off
+    -DMSGPACK_BUILD_EXAMPLES=Off
+    -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=Off
+    -DMSGPACK_BUILD_TESTS=Off
+  PREFIX ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}
+  LOG_DOWNLOAD On
+  LOG_CONFIGURE On
+  LOG_BUILD On
+  LOG_INSTALL On)
+
+# msgpack is header-only, therefore no need to link
+
+# HACK
+add_compile_definitions(MSGPACK_NO_BOOST)
diff --git a/cmake/ExternalOpenSSL.cmake b/cmake/openssl.cmake
similarity index 98%
rename from cmake/ExternalOpenSSL.cmake
rename to cmake/openssl.cmake
index a7fc751..69cc99a 100644
--- a/cmake/ExternalOpenSSL.cmake
+++ b/cmake/openssl.cmake
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ if(YACL_WITH_EXT_OPENSSL)
       -w
     BUILD_COMMAND make -j4 build_sw
     INSTALL_COMMAND make install_sw
-    EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+    EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL true)
 
   add_library(ExtOpenSSL_Crypto STATIC IMPORTED)
   set_target_properties(
diff --git a/cmake/spdlog.cmake b/cmake/spdlog.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..350b055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/spdlog.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Copyright 2024 Ant Group Co., Ltd.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+ExternalProject_Add(spdlog
+  URL
+    https://github.com/gabime/spdlog/archive/refs/tags/v1.14.1.tar.gz
+  URL_HASH
+    SHA256=1586508029a7d0670dfcb2d97575dcdc242d3868a259742b69f100801ab4e16b
+  CMAKE_ARGS ${CMAKE_ARGS}
+    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}
+    -DSPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL=On
+    -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-isystem\ ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_INCLUDEDIR}
+  PREFIX ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_PREFIX}
+  LOG_DOWNLOAD On
+  LOG_CONFIGURE On
+  LOG_BUILD On
+  LOG_INSTALL On)
+
+add_dependencies(spdlog fmt)
+
+add_library(libspdlog STATIC IMPORTED)
+set_property(
+  TARGET libspdlog PROPERTY
+  IMPORTED_LOCATION ${CMAKE_THIRDPARTY_LIBDIR}/libspdlog.a)
+add_dependencies(libspdlog spdlog)
+
+add_library(External::spdlog ALIAS libspdlog)
+
+# HACK https://github.com/gabime/spdlog/issues/1897
+add_compile_definitions(SPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL)
diff --git a/cmake/ExternalSse2neon.cmake b/cmake/sse2neon.cmake
similarity index 97%
rename from cmake/ExternalSse2neon.cmake
rename to cmake/sse2neon.cmake
index 3b499d2..6f27b36 100644
--- a/cmake/ExternalSse2neon.cmake
+++ b/cmake/sse2neon.cmake
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ ExternalProject_Add(
     SHA256=787e0a7a64f1461b48232a7f9b9e9c14fa4a35a30875f2fb91aec6ddeaddfc0f
   BUILD_IN_SOURCE true
   CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
+  EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL true
   INSTALL_COMMAND "")
 
 ExternalProject_Get_Property(sse2neon SOURCE_DIR)
diff --git a/yacl/base/CMakeLists.txt b/yacl/base/CMakeLists.txt
index a80cbed..2c6efc9 100644
--- a/yacl/base/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/yacl/base/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -34,11 +34,9 @@ set(YACL_SOURCE_FILES
     PARENT_SCOPE)
 
 add_executable(buffer_test buffer_test.cc)
-target_link_libraries(buffer_test PRIVATE yacl gtest_main)
-target_link_options(buffer_test PRIVATE "-all_load") # for spi
+target_link_libraries(buffer_test PRIVATE yacl External::gtest)
 add_test(NAME buffer_test COMMAND buffer_test)
 
 add_executable(secparam_test secparam_test.cc)
-target_link_libraries(secparam_test PRIVATE yacl gtest_main)
-target_link_options(secparam_test PRIVATE "-all_load") # for spi
+target_link_libraries(secparam_test PRIVATE yacl External::gtest)
 add_test(NAME secparam_test COMMAND secparam_test)
diff --git a/yacl/io/msgpack/CMakeLists.txt b/yacl/io/msgpack/CMakeLists.txt
index 7dc7c53..fbb326c 100644
--- a/yacl/io/msgpack/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/yacl/io/msgpack/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -28,5 +28,5 @@ install(
 set(YACL_SOURCE_FILES ${YACL_SOURCE_FILES} PARENT_SCOPE)
 
 add_executable(msgpack_buffer_test buffer_test.cc)
-target_link_libraries(msgpack_buffer_test PRIVATE yacl gtest_main)
+target_link_libraries(msgpack_buffer_test PRIVATE yacl External::gtest)
 add_test(NAME msgpack_buffer_test COMMAND msgpack_buffer_test)
diff --git a/yacl/io/rw/CMakeLists.txt b/yacl/io/rw/CMakeLists.txt
index a2e718a..e12a36e 100644
--- a/yacl/io/rw/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/yacl/io/rw/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -33,6 +33,6 @@ install(
 
 set(YACL_SOURCE_FILES ${YACL_SOURCE_FILES} PARENT_SCOPE)
 
-add_executable(rw_test rw_test.cc)
-target_link_libraries(rw_test PRIVATE yacl gtest_main gflags)
-add_test(NAME rw_test COMMAND rw_test WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR})
+# add_executable(rw_test rw_test.cc)
+# target_link_libraries(rw_test PRIVATE yacl gtest_main gflags)
+# add_test(NAME rw_test COMMAND rw_test WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR})
diff --git a/yacl/io/stream/CMakeLists.txt b/yacl/io/stream/CMakeLists.txt
index 5055d51..55af0b1 100644
--- a/yacl/io/stream/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/yacl/io/stream/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -30,5 +30,5 @@ install(
 set(YACL_SOURCE_FILES ${YACL_SOURCE_FILES} PARENT_SCOPE)
 
 add_executable(io_stream_test test.cc)
-target_link_libraries(io_stream_test PRIVATE yacl gtest_main)
+target_link_libraries(io_stream_test PRIVATE yacl External::gtest)
 add_test(NAME io_stream_test COMMAND io_stream_test)
diff --git a/yacl/utils/CMakeLists.txt b/yacl/utils/CMakeLists.txt
index dda4c53..9f50184 100644
--- a/yacl/utils/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/yacl/utils/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ install(
         ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/yacl/utils
 )
 
-add_subdirectory(spi)
+# add_subdirectory(spi)
 
 set(YACL_SOURCE_FILES ${YACL_SOURCE_FILES} PARENT_SCOPE)
 
 add_executable(parallel_test parallel_test.cc)
-target_link_libraries(parallel_test PRIVATE yacl gtest_main)
+target_link_libraries(parallel_test PRIVATE yacl External::gtest)
 add_test(NAME parallel_test COMMAND parallel_test)