diff --git a/Project.toml b/Project.toml
index 7e0b0645..d1f9a97f 100644
--- a/Project.toml
+++ b/Project.toml
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ oneAPI_Level_Zero_Loader_jll = "13eca655-d68d-5b81-8367-6d99d727ab01"
 oneAPI_Support_jll = "b049733a-a71d-5ed3-8eba-7d323ac00b36"
 
 [compat]
-Adapt = "2.0, 3.0"
+Adapt = "4"
 CEnum = "0.4, 0.5"
 ExprTools = "0.1"
-GPUArrays = "9"
+GPUArrays = "10"
 GPUCompiler = "0.23, 0.24, 0.25"
 KernelAbstractions = "0.9.1"
 LLVM = "6"
diff --git a/src/array.jl b/src/array.jl
index 03f5e8a3..f2fb1a60 100644
--- a/src/array.jl
+++ b/src/array.jl
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-export oneArray, oneVector, oneMatrix, oneVecOrMat
+export oneArray, oneVector, oneMatrix, oneVecOrMat,
+       is_device, is_shared, is_host
 
 
 ## array type
@@ -168,6 +169,12 @@ function device(A::oneArray)
   return oneL0.device(A.data[])
 end
 
+buftype(x::oneArray) = buftype(typeof(x))
+buftype(::Type{<:oneArray{<:Any,<:Any,B}}) where {B} = @isdefined(B) ? B : Any
+
+is_device(a::oneArray) = isa(a.data[], oneL0.DeviceBuffer)
+is_shared(a::oneArray) = isa(a.data[], oneL0.SharedBuffer)
+is_host(a::oneArray) = isa(a.data[], oneL0.HostBuffer)
 
 ## derived types
 
@@ -195,9 +202,15 @@ const oneStridedVector{T} = oneStridedArray{T,1}
 const oneStridedMatrix{T} = oneStridedArray{T,2}
 const oneStridedVecOrMat{T} = Union{oneStridedVector{T}, oneStridedMatrix{T}}
 
-Base.pointer(x::oneStridedArray{T}) where {T} = Base.unsafe_convert(ZePtr{T}, x)
-@inline function Base.pointer(x::oneStridedArray{T}, i::Integer) where T
-    Base.unsafe_convert(ZePtr{T}, x) + Base._memory_offset(x, i)
+@inline function Base.pointer(x::oneStridedArray{T}, i::Integer=1; type=oneL0.DeviceBuffer) where T
+    PT = if type == oneL0.DeviceBuffer
+      ZePtr{T}
+    elseif type == oneL0.HostBuffer
+      Ptr{T}
+    else
+      error("unknown memory type")
+    end
+    Base.unsafe_convert(PT, x) + Base._memory_offset(x, i)
 end
 
 # anything that's (secretly) backed by a oneArray
@@ -241,12 +254,20 @@ oneL0.ZeRef{T}() where {T} = oneL0.ZeRefArray(oneArray{T}(undef, 1))
 Base.convert(::Type{T}, x::T) where T <: oneArray = x
 
 
-## interop with C libraries
+## interop with libraries
+
+function Base.unsafe_convert(::Type{Ptr{T}}, x::oneArray{T}) where {T}
+  buf = x.data[]
+  if is_device(x)
+    throw(ArgumentError("cannot take the CPU address of a $(typeof(x))"))
+  end
+  convert(Ptr{T}, x.data[]) + x.offset*Base.elsize(x)
+end
 
-Base.unsafe_convert(::Type{Ptr{T}}, x::oneArray{T}) where {T} =
-  throw(ArgumentError("cannot take the host address of a $(typeof(x))"))
-Base.unsafe_convert(::Type{ZePtr{T}}, x::oneArray{T}) where {T} =
+function Base.unsafe_convert(::Type{ZePtr{T}}, x::oneArray{T}) where {T}
   convert(ZePtr{T}, x.data[]) + x.offset*Base.elsize(x)
+end
+
 
 
 ## interop with GPU arrays
@@ -256,9 +277,6 @@ function Base.unsafe_convert(::Type{oneDeviceArray{T,N,AS.Global}}, a::oneArray{
                                 a.maxsize - a.offset*Base.elsize(a))
 end
 
-Adapt.adapt_storage(::KernelAdaptor, xs::oneArray{T,N}) where {T,N} =
-  Base.unsafe_convert(oneDeviceArray{T,N,AS.Global}, xs)
-
 
 ## memory copying
 
@@ -310,7 +328,7 @@ Base.copyto!(dest::oneDenseArray{T}, src::oneDenseArray{T}) where {T} =
     copyto!(dest, 1, src, 1, length(src))
 
 function Base.unsafe_copyto!(ctx::ZeContext, dev::ZeDevice,
-                             dest::oneDenseArray{T}, doffs, src::Array{T}, soffs, n) where T
+                             dest::oneDenseArray{T,<:Any,oneL0.DeviceBuffer}, doffs, src::Array{T}, soffs, n) where T
   GC.@preserve src dest unsafe_copyto!(ctx, dev, pointer(dest, doffs), pointer(src, soffs), n)
   if Base.isbitsunion(T)
     # copy selector bytes
@@ -320,7 +338,7 @@ function Base.unsafe_copyto!(ctx::ZeContext, dev::ZeDevice,
 end
 
 function Base.unsafe_copyto!(ctx::ZeContext, dev::ZeDevice,
-                             dest::Array{T}, doffs, src::oneDenseArray{T}, soffs, n) where T
+                             dest::Array{T}, doffs, src::oneDenseArray{T,<:Any,oneL0.DeviceBuffer}, soffs, n) where T
   GC.@preserve src dest unsafe_copyto!(ctx, dev, pointer(dest, doffs), pointer(src, soffs), n)
   if Base.isbitsunion(T)
     # copy selector bytes
@@ -343,6 +361,46 @@ function Base.unsafe_copyto!(ctx::ZeContext, dev::ZeDevice,
   return dest
 end
 
+# between Array and host-accessible oneArray
+
+function Base.unsafe_copyto!(ctx::ZeContext, dev,
+                             dest::oneDenseArray{T,<:Any,<:Union{oneL0.SharedBuffer,oneL0.HostBuffer}}, doffs, src::Array{T}, soffs, n) where T
+  if Base.isbitsunion(T)
+    # copy selector bytes
+    error("oneArray does not yet support isbits-union arrays")
+  end
+  # XXX: maintain queue-ordered semantics? HostBuffers don't have a device...
+  GC.@preserve src dest begin
+    ptr = pointer(dest, doffs)
+    unsafe_copyto!(pointer(dest, doffs; type=oneL0.HostBuffer), pointer(src, soffs), n)
+    if Base.isbitsunion(T)
+      # copy selector bytes
+      error("oneArray does not yet support isbits-union arrays")
+    end
+  end
+
+  return dest
+end
+
+function Base.unsafe_copyto!(ctx::ZeContext, dev,
+                             dest::Array{T}, doffs, src::oneDenseArray{T,<:Any,<:Union{oneL0.SharedBuffer,oneL0.HostBuffer}}, soffs, n) where T
+  if Base.isbitsunion(T)
+    # copy selector bytes
+    error("oneArray does not yet support isbits-union arrays")
+  end
+  # XXX: maintain queue-ordered semantics? HostBuffers don't have a device...
+  GC.@preserve src dest begin
+    ptr = pointer(dest, doffs)
+    unsafe_copyto!(pointer(dest, doffs), pointer(src, soffs; type=oneL0.HostBuffer), n)
+    if Base.isbitsunion(T)
+      # copy selector bytes
+      error("oneArray does not yet support isbits-union arrays")
+    end
+  end
+
+  return dest
+end
+
 
 ## gpu array adaptor
 
@@ -375,7 +433,7 @@ end
 
 ## derived arrays
 
-function GPUArrays.derive(::Type{T}, N::Int, a::oneArray, dims::Dims, offset::Int) where {T}
+function GPUArrays.derive(::Type{T}, a::oneArray, dims::Dims{N}, offset::Int) where {T,N}
   offset = (a.offset * Base.elsize(a)) ÷ sizeof(T) + offset
   oneArray{T,N}(a.data, dims; a.maxsize, offset)
 end
diff --git a/src/broadcast.jl b/src/broadcast.jl
index ebce35de..70f8c305 100644
--- a/src/broadcast.jl
+++ b/src/broadcast.jl
@@ -2,18 +2,20 @@
 
 using Base.Broadcast: BroadcastStyle, Broadcasted
 
-struct oneArrayStyle{N} <: AbstractGPUArrayStyle{N} end
-oneArrayStyle(::Val{N}) where N = oneArrayStyle{N}()
-oneArrayStyle{M}(::Val{N}) where {N,M} = oneArrayStyle{N}()
+struct oneArrayStyle{N,B} <: AbstractGPUArrayStyle{N} end
+oneArrayStyle{M,B}(::Val{N}) where {N,M,B} = oneArrayStyle{N,B}()
 
-BroadcastStyle(::Type{<:oneArray{T,N}}) where {T,N} = oneArrayStyle{N}()
+# identify the broadcast style of a (wrapped) oneArray
+BroadcastStyle(::Type{<:oneArray{T,N,B}}) where {T,N,B} = oneArrayStyle{N,B}()
+BroadcastStyle(W::Type{<:oneWrappedArray{T,N}}) where {T,N} =
+    oneArrayStyle{N, buftype(Adapt.unwrap_type(W))}()
 
-Base.similar(bc::Broadcasted{oneArrayStyle{N}}, ::Type{T}) where {N,T} =
-    similar(oneArray{T}, axes(bc))
+# when we are dealing with different buffer styles, we cannot know
+# which one is better, so use shared memory
+BroadcastStyle(::oneArrayStyle{N, B1},
+               ::oneArrayStyle{N, B2}) where {N,B1,B2} =
+    oneArrayStyle{N, oneL0.SharedBuffer}()
 
-Base.similar(bc::Broadcasted{oneArrayStyle{N}}, ::Type{T}, dims...) where {N,T} =
-    oneArray{T}(undef, dims...)
-
-# broadcasting type ctors isn't GPU compatible
-Broadcast.broadcasted(::oneArrayStyle{N}, f::Type{T}, args...) where {N, T} =
-    Broadcasted{oneArrayStyle{N}}((x...) -> T(x...), args, nothing)
+# allocation of output arrays
+Base.similar(bc::Broadcasted{oneArrayStyle{N,B}}, ::Type{T}, dims) where {T,N,B} =
+    similar(oneArray{T,length(dims),B}, dims)
diff --git a/src/compiler/execution.jl b/src/compiler/execution.jl
index 0d7f8fb7..93064526 100644
--- a/src/compiler/execution.jl
+++ b/src/compiler/execution.jl
@@ -83,10 +83,15 @@ end
 
 struct KernelAdaptor end
 
-# convert oneL0 host pointers to device pointers
+# convert oneAPI host pointers to device pointers
 Adapt.adapt_storage(to::KernelAdaptor, p::ZePtr{T}) where {T} = reinterpret(Ptr{T}, p)
 
-# Base.RefValue isn't GPU compatible, so provide a compatible alternative
+# convert oneAPI host arrays to device arrays
+Adapt.adapt_storage(::KernelAdaptor, xs::oneArray{T,N}) where {T,N} =
+  Base.unsafe_convert(oneDeviceArray{T,N,AS.Global}, xs)
+
+# Base.RefValue isn't GPU compatible, so provide a compatible alternative.
+# TODO: port improvements from CUDA.jl
 struct ZeRefValue{T} <: Ref{T}
   x::T
 end
@@ -100,6 +105,11 @@ Base.getindex(r::oneRefType{T}) where T = T
 Adapt.adapt_structure(to::KernelAdaptor, r::Base.RefValue{<:Union{DataType,Type}}) =
     oneRefType{r[]}()
 
+# case where type is the function being broadcasted
+Adapt.adapt_structure(to::KernelAdaptor,
+                      bc::Broadcast.Broadcasted{Style, <:Any, Type{T}}) where {Style, T} =
+    Broadcast.Broadcasted{Style}((x...) -> T(x...), adapt(to, bc.args), bc.axes)
+
 """
     kernel_convert(x)
 
diff --git a/src/oneAPI.jl b/src/oneAPI.jl
index 223d3256..832ee4f1 100644
--- a/src/oneAPI.jl
+++ b/src/oneAPI.jl
@@ -44,16 +44,16 @@ include("device/quirks.jl")
 # essential stuff
 include("context.jl")
 
-# compiler implementation
-include("compiler/compilation.jl")
-include("compiler/execution.jl")
-include("compiler/reflection.jl")
-
 # array abstraction
 include("memory.jl")
 include("pool.jl")
 include("array.jl")
 
+# compiler implementation
+include("compiler/compilation.jl")
+include("compiler/execution.jl")
+include("compiler/reflection.jl")
+
 # array libraries
 include("../lib/mkl/oneMKL.jl")
 export oneMKL
diff --git a/src/pool.jl b/src/pool.jl
index a6ee9b0e..38f9d958 100644
--- a/src/pool.jl
+++ b/src/pool.jl
@@ -18,13 +18,20 @@ function allocate(::Type{oneL0.SharedBuffer}, ctx, dev, bytes::Int, alignment::I
     return buf
 end
 
+function allocate(::Type{oneL0.HostBuffer}, ctx, dev, bytes::Int, alignment::Int)
+    bytes == 0 && return oneL0.HostBuffer(ZE_NULL, bytes, ctx)
+    host_alloc(ctx, bytes, alignment)
+end
+
 function release(buf::oneL0.AbstractBuffer)
     sizeof(buf) == 0 && return
 
-    ctx = oneL0.context(buf)
-    dev = oneL0.device(buf)
+    if buf isa oneL0.DeviceBuffer || buf isa oneL0.SharedBuffer
+        ctx = oneL0.context(buf)
+        dev = oneL0.device(buf)
+        evict(ctx, dev, buf)
+    end
 
-    evict(ctx, dev, buf)
     free(buf; policy=oneL0.ZE_DRIVER_MEMORY_FREE_POLICY_EXT_FLAG_BLOCKING_FREE)
 
     # TODO: queue-ordered free from non-finalizer tasks once we have
diff --git a/test/array.jl b/test/array.jl
index 39d88ef3..b6b47dab 100644
--- a/test/array.jl
+++ b/test/array.jl
@@ -58,3 +58,19 @@ end
   oneAPI.@sync copyto!(a, 2, [200], 1, 1)
   @test b == [100, 200]
 end
+
+# https://github.com/JuliaGPU/CUDA.jl/issues/2191
+@testset "preserving buffer types" begin
+  a = oneVector{Int,oneL0.SharedBuffer}([1])
+  @test oneAPI.buftype(a) == oneL0.SharedBuffer
+
+  # unified-ness should be preserved
+  b = a .+ 1
+  @test oneAPI.buftype(b) == oneL0.SharedBuffer
+
+  # when there's a conflict, we should defer to unified memory
+  c = oneVector{Int,oneL0.HostBuffer}([1])
+  d = oneVector{Int,oneL0.DeviceBuffer}([1])
+  e = c .+ d
+  @test oneAPI.buftype(e) == oneL0.SharedBuffer
+end