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chemistry.js
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/* TODO(csilvers): fix these lint errors (http://eslint.org/docs/rules): */
/* eslint-disable comma-dangle, indent, max-len, no-undef, no-var */
/* To fix, remove an entry above, run ka-lint, and fix errors. */
define(function(require) {
require("./math-format.js");
$.fn["chemistryLoad"] = function() {
// TODO(jeresig): i18n: Currently the names of the atomic elements aren't
// being used in the UI, but if they are, they will need to be translated.
var elements = {
"Hydrogen": {
"symbol" : "H",
"atomic_number" : 1,
"atomic_weight" : 1.00794,
"density g/cm" : "0.0708 (@ -253°C)",
"melting_point K" : 14.01,
"boiling_point K" : 20.28,
"atomic_radius pm" : 79,
"covalent_radius pm" : 32,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 14.1,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : "14.267 (H-H)",
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "0.117 (H-H)",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : "0.904 (H-H)",
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 0.1815,
"pauling_negativity" : 2.20,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 1311.3,
"oxidation_states" : "1, -1",
"electronic_configuration" : "1s¹",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 3.750
},
"Helium": {
"symbol" : "He",
"atomic_number" : 2,
"atomic_weight" : 4.002602,
"density g/cm" : "0.147 (@ -270°C)",
"melting_point K" : 0.95,
"boiling_point K" : 4.216,
"atomic_radius pm" : 0.0,
"covalent_radius pm" : "-",
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 31.8,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 5.188,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "-",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 0.08,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 0.152,
"pauling_negativity" : "-",
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 2361.3,
"oxidation_states" : "-",
"electronic_configuration" : "1s²",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 3.570
},
"Lithium": {
"symbol" : "Li",
"atomic_number" : 3,
"atomic_weight" : 6.941,
"density g/cm" : 0.534,
"melting_point K" : 553.69,
"boiling_point K" : 1118.15,
"atomic_radius pm" : 155,
"covalent_radius pm" : 163,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 13.1,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 3.489,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 2.89,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 148,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 84.8,
"pauling_negativity" : 0.98,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 519.9,
"oxidation_states" : 1,
"electronic_configuration" : "[He]2s¹",
"lattice_structure" : "BCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 3.490
},
"Beryllium": {
"symbol" : "Be",
"atomic_number" : 4,
"atomic_weight" : 9.01218,
"density g/cm" : 1.848,
"melting_point K" : 1551,
"boiling_point K" : 3243,
"atomic_radius pm" : 112,
"covalent_radius pm" : 90,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 5.0,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 1.824,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 12.21,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 309,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 201,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.57,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 898.8,
"oxidation_states" : 2,
"electronic_configuration" : "[He]2s²",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 2.290
},
"Boron": {
"symbol" : "B",
"atomic_number" : 5,
"atomic_weight" : 10.811,
"density g/cm" : 2.34,
"melting_point K" : 2573,
"boiling_point K" : 3931,
"atomic_radius pm" : 98,
"covalent_radius pm" : 82,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 4.6,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 1.025,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 23.60,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 504.5,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 27.4,
"pauling_negativity" : 2.04,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 800.2,
"oxidation_states" : 3,
"electronic_configuration" : "[He]2s²2p¹",
"lattice_structure" : "TET",
"lattice_constant ang" : 8.730
},
"Carbon": {
"symbol" : "C",
"atomic_number" : 6,
"atomic_weight" : 12.011,
"density g/cm" : "2.25 (graphite)",
"melting_point K" : 3820,
"boiling_point K" : 5100,
"atomic_radius pm" : 91,
"covalent_radius pm" : 77,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 5.3,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.711,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "-",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : "-",
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 1.59,
"pauling_negativity" : 2.55,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 1085.7,
"oxidation_states" : "4, 2, -4",
"electronic_configuration" : "[He]2s²2p²",
"lattice_structure" : "DIA",
"lattice_constant ang" : 3.570
},
"Nitrogen": {
"symbol" : "N",
"atomic_number" : 7,
"atomic_weight" : 14.00674,
"density g/cm" : "0.808 (@ -195.8°C)",
"melting_point K" : 63.29,
"boiling_point K" : 77.4,
"atomic_radius pm" : 92,
"covalent_radius pm" : 75,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 17.3,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : "1.042 (N-N)",
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "-",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : "-",
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 0.026,
"pauling_negativity" : 3.04,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 1401.5,
"oxidation_states" : "5, 4, 3, 2, -3",
"electronic_configuration" : "[He]2s²2p³",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 4.039
},
"Oxygen": {
"symbol" : "O",
"atomic_number" : 8,
"atomic_weight" : 15.9994,
"density g/cm" : "1.149 (@ -183°C)",
"melting_point K" : 54.8,
"boiling_point K" : 90.19,
"atomic_radius pm" : "-",
"covalent_radius pm" : 73,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 14.0,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : "0.916 (O-O)",
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "-",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : "-",
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 0.027,
"pauling_negativity" : 3.44,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 1313.1,
"oxidation_states" : "-2, -1",
"electronic_configuration" : "[He]2s²2p",
"lattice_structure" : "CUB",
"lattice_constant ang" : 6.830
},
"Fluorine": {
"symbol" : "F",
"atomic_number" : 9,
"atomic_weight" : 18.998403,
"density g/cm" : "1.108 (@ -189°C)",
"melting_point K" : 53.53,
"boiling_point K" : 85.01,
"atomic_radius pm" : "-",
"covalent_radius pm" : 72,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 17.1,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : "0.824 (F-F)",
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "0.51 (F-F)",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : "6.54 (F-F)",
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 0.028,
"pauling_negativity" : 3.98,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 1680.0,
"oxidation_states" : -1,
"electronic_configuration" : "[He]2s²2p",
"lattice_structure" : "MCL",
"lattice_constant ang" : "-"
},
"Neon": {
"symbol" : "Ne",
"atomic_number" : 10,
"atomic_weight" : 20.1797,
"density g/cm" : "1.204 (@ -246°C)",
"melting_point K" : 48,
"boiling_point K" : 27.1,
"atomic_radius pm" : "-",
"covalent_radius pm" : 71,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 16.8,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 1.029,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "-",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 1.74,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : "(0.0493)",
"pauling_negativity" : 0.0,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 2079.4,
"oxidation_states" : "-",
"electronic_configuration" : "[He]2s²2p",
"lattice_structure" : "FCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 4.430
},
"Sodium": {
"symbol" : "Na",
"atomic_number" : 11,
"atomic_weight" : 22.989768,
"density g/cm" : 0.971,
"melting_point K" : 370.96,
"boiling_point K" : 1156.1,
"atomic_radius pm" : 190,
"covalent_radius pm" : 154,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 23.7,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 1.222,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 2.64,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 97.9,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 142.0,
"pauling_negativity" : 0.93,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 495.6,
"oxidation_states" : 1,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ne]3s¹",
"lattice_structure" : "BCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 4.230
},
"Magnesium": {
"symbol" : "Mg",
"atomic_number" : 12,
"atomic_weight" : 24.305,
"density g/cm" : 1.738,
"melting_point K" : 922,
"boiling_point K" : 1363,
"atomic_radius pm" : 160,
"covalent_radius pm" : 136,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 14.0,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 1.025,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 9.20,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 131.8,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 156,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.31,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 737.3,
"oxidation_states" : 2,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ne]3s²",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 3.210
},
"Aluminum": {
"symbol" : "Al",
"atomic_number" : 13,
"atomic_weight" : 26.981539,
"density g/cm" : 2.6989,
"melting_point K" : 933.5,
"boiling_point K" : 2740,
"atomic_radius pm" : 143,
"covalent_radius pm" : 118,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 10.0,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.900,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 10.75,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 284.1,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 237,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.61,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 577.2,
"oxidation_states" : 3,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ne]3s²3p¹",
"lattice_structure" : "FCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 4.050
},
"Silicon": {
"symbol" : "Si",
"atomic_number" : 14,
"atomic_weight" : 28.0855,
"density g/cm" : 2.33,
"melting_point K" : 1683,
"boiling_point K" : 2628,
"atomic_radius pm" : 132,
"covalent_radius pm" : 111,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 12.1,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.703,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 50.6,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 383,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 149,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.90,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 786.0,
"oxidation_states" : "4, -4",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ne]3s²3p²",
"lattice_structure" : "DIA",
"lattice_constant ang" : 5.430
},
"Phosphorus": {
"symbol" : "P",
"atomic_number" : 15,
"atomic_weight" : 30.973762,
"density g/cm" : "1.82 (white phosphorus)",
"melting_point K" : 317.3,
"boiling_point K" : 553,
"atomic_radius pm" : 128,
"covalent_radius pm" : 106,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 17.0,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.757,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 2.51,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 49.8,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : "(0.236)",
"pauling_negativity" : 2.19,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 1011.2,
"oxidation_states" : "5, 3, -3",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ne]3s²3p³",
"lattice_structure" : "CUB",
"lattice_constant ang" : 7.170
},
"Sulfur": {
"symbol" : "S",
"atomic_number" : 16,
"atomic_weight" : 32.066,
"density g/cm" : 2.070,
"melting_point K" : 386,
"boiling_point K" : 717.824,
"atomic_radius pm" : 127,
"covalent_radius pm" : 102,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 15.5,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.732,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 1.23,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 10.5,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 0.27,
"pauling_negativity" : 2.58,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 999.0,
"oxidation_states" : "6, 4, 2, -2",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ne]3s²3p",
"lattice_structure" : "ORC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 10.470
},
"Chlorine": {
"symbol" : "Cl",
"atomic_number" : 17,
"atomic_weight" : 35.4527,
"density g/cm" : "1.56 (@ -33.6°C)",
"melting_point K" : 172.2,
"boiling_point K" : 238.6,
"atomic_radius pm" : "-",
"covalent_radius pm" : 99,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 18.7,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : "0.477 (Cl-Cl)",
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "6.41 (Cl-Cl)",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : "20.41 (Cl-Cl)",
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 0.009,
"pauling_negativity" : 3.16,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 1254.9,
"oxidation_states" : "7, 5, 3, 1, -1",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ne]3s²3p",
"lattice_structure" : "ORC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 6.240
},
"Argon": {
"symbol" : "Ar",
"atomic_number" : 18,
"atomic_weight" : 39.948,
"density g/cm" : "1.40 (@ -186°C)",
"melting_point K" : 83.8,
"boiling_point K" : 87.3,
"atomic_radius pm" : "2-",
"covalent_radius pm" : 98,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 24.2,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.138,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "-",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 6.52,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 0.0177,
"pauling_negativity" : 0.0,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 1519.6,
"oxidation_states" : "-",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ne]3s²3p",
"lattice_structure" : "FCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 5.260
},
"Potassium": {
"symbol" : "K",
"atomic_number" : 19,
"atomic_weight" : 39.0983,
"density g/cm" : 0.856,
"melting_point K" : 336.8,
"boiling_point K" : 1047,
"atomic_radius pm" : 235,
"covalent_radius pm" : 203,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 45.3,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.753,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 102.5,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 2.33,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 79.0,
"pauling_negativity" : 0.82,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 418.5,
"oxidation_states" : 1,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]4s¹",
"lattice_structure" : "BCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 5.230
},
"Calcium": {
"symbol" : "Ca",
"atomic_number" : 20,
"atomic_weight" : 40.078,
"density g/cm" : 1.55,
"melting_point K" : 1112,
"boiling_point K" : 1757,
"atomic_radius pm" : 197,
"covalent_radius pm" : 174,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 29.9,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.653,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 9.20,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 153.6,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : "(201)",
"pauling_negativity" : 1.00,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 589.4,
"oxidation_states" : 2,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]4s²",
"lattice_structure" : "FCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 5.580
},
"Scandium": {
"symbol" : "Sc",
"atomic_number" : 21,
"atomic_weight" : 44.95591,
"density g/cm" : 2.99,
"melting_point K" : 1814,
"boiling_point K" : 3104,
"atomic_radius pm" : 162,
"covalent_radius pm" : 144,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 15.0,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.556,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 15.8,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 332.7,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 15.8,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.36,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 630.8,
"oxidation_states" : 3,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d¹4s²",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 3.310
},
"Titanium": {
"symbol" : "Ti",
"atomic_number" : 22,
"atomic_weight" : 47.88,
"density g/cm" : 4.54,
"melting_point K" : 1933,
"boiling_point K" : 3560,
"atomic_radius pm" : 147,
"covalent_radius pm" : 132,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 10.6,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.523,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 18.8,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 422.6,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 21.9,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.54,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 657.8,
"oxidation_states" : "4, 3",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d²4s²",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 2.950
},
"Vanadium": {
"symbol" : "V",
"atomic_number" : 23,
"atomic_weight" : 50.9415,
"density g/cm" : 6.11,
"melting_point K" : 2160,
"boiling_point K" : 3650,
"atomic_radius pm" : 134,
"covalent_radius pm" : 122,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 8.35,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.485,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 17.5,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 460,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 30.7,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.63,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 650.1,
"oxidation_states" : "5, 4, 3, 2, 0",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d³4s²",
"lattice_structure" : "BCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 3.020
},
"Chromium": {
"symbol" : "Cr",
"atomic_number" : 24,
"atomic_weight" : 51.9961,
"density g/cm" : 7.18,
"melting_point K" : 2130,
"boiling_point K" : 2945,
"atomic_radius pm" : 130,
"covalent_radius pm" : 118,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 7.23,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.488,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 21,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 342,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 93.9,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.66,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 652.4,
"oxidation_states" : "6, 3, 2, 0",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d4s¹",
"lattice_structure" : "BCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 2.880
},
"Manganese": {
"symbol" : "Mn",
"atomic_number" : 25,
"atomic_weight" : 54.93805,
"density g/cm" : 7.21,
"melting_point K" : 1517,
"boiling_point K" : 2235,
"atomic_radius pm" : 135,
"covalent_radius pm" : 117,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 7.39,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.477,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "(13.4)",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 221,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : "(7.8)",
"pauling_negativity" : 1.55,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 716.8,
"oxidation_states" : "7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 0, -1",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d4s²",
"lattice_structure" : "CUB",
"lattice_constant ang" : 8.890
},
"Iron": {
"symbol" : "Fe",
"atomic_number" : 26,
"atomic_weight" : 55.847,
"density g/cm" : 7.874,
"melting_point K" : 1808,
"boiling_point K" : 3023,
"atomic_radius pm" : 126,
"covalent_radius pm" : 117,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 7.1,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.443,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 13.8,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : "~340",
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 80.4,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.83,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 759.1,
"oxidation_states" : "6, 3, 2, 0, -2",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d4s²",
"lattice_structure" : "BCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 2.870
},
"Cobalt": {
"symbol" : "Co",
"atomic_number" : 27,
"atomic_weight" : 58.9332,
"density g/cm" : 8.9,
"melting_point K" : 1768,
"boiling_point K" : 3143,
"atomic_radius pm" : 125,
"covalent_radius pm" : 116,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 6.7,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.456,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 15.48,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 389.1,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 100,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.88,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 758.1,
"oxidation_states" : "3, 2, 0, -1",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d4s²",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 2.510
},
"Nickel": {
"symbol" : "Ni",
"atomic_number" : 28,
"atomic_weight" : 58.6934,
"density g/cm" : 8.902,
"melting_point K" : 1726,
"boiling_point K" : 3005,
"atomic_radius pm" : 124,
"covalent_radius pm" : 115,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 6.6,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.443,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 17.61,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 378.6,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 90.9,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.91,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 736.2,
"oxidation_states" : "3, 2, 0",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d4s²",
"lattice_structure" : "FCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 3.520
},
"Copper": {
"symbol" : "Cu",
"atomic_number" : 29,
"atomic_weight" : 63.546,
"density g/cm" : 8.96,
"melting_point K" : 1356.6,
"boiling_point K" : 2840,
"atomic_radius pm" : 128,
"covalent_radius pm" : 117,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 7.1,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.385,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 13.01,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 304.6,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 401,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.90,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 745.0,
"oxidation_states" : "2, 1",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d¹4s¹",
"lattice_structure" : "FCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 3.610
},
"Zinc": {
"symbol" : "Zn",
"atomic_number" : 30,
"atomic_weight" : 65.39,
"density g/cm" : 7.133,
"melting_point K" : 692.73,
"boiling_point K" : 1180,
"atomic_radius pm" : 138,
"covalent_radius pm" : 125,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 9.2,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.388,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 7.28,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 114.8,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 116,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.65,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 905.8,
"oxidation_states" : 2,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d¹4s²",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 2.660
},
"Gallium": {
"symbol" : "Ga",
"atomic_number" : 31,
"atomic_weight" : 69.723,
"density g/cm" : 5.91,
"melting_point K" : 302.93,
"boiling_point K" : 2676,
"atomic_radius pm" : 141,
"covalent_radius pm" : 126,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 11.8,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.372,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 5.59,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 270.3,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 28.1,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.81,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 578.7,
"oxidation_states" : 3,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d¹4s²4p¹",
"lattice_structure" : "ORC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 4.510
},
"Germanium": {
"symbol" : "Ge",
"atomic_number" : 32,
"atomic_weight" : 72.61,
"density g/cm" : 5.323,
"melting_point K" : 1210.6,
"boiling_point K" : 3103,
"atomic_radius pm" : 137,
"covalent_radius pm" : 122,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 13.6,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.322,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 36.8,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 328,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 60.2,
"pauling_negativity" : 2.01,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 760.0,
"oxidation_states" : 4,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d¹4s²4p²",
"lattice_structure" : "DIA",
"lattice_constant ang" : 5.660
},
"Arsenic": {
"symbol" : "As",
"atomic_number" : 33,
"atomic_weight" : 74.92159,
"density g/cm" : "5.73 (grey arsenic)",
"melting_point K" : 1090,
"boiling_point K" : 876,
"atomic_radius pm" : 139,
"covalent_radius pm" : 120,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 13.1,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.328,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "-",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 32.4,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : "(50.2)",
"pauling_negativity" : 2.18,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 946.2,
"oxidation_states" : "5, 3, -2",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d¹4s²4p³",
"lattice_structure" : "RHL",
"lattice_constant ang" : 4.130
},
"Selenium": {
"symbol" : "Se",
"atomic_number" : 34,
"atomic_weight" : 78.96,
"density g/cm" : 4.79,
"melting_point K" : 490,
"boiling_point K" : 958.1,
"atomic_radius pm" : 140,
"covalent_radius pm" : 116,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 16.5,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : "0.321 (Se-Se)",
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 5.23,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 59.7,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 0.52,
"pauling_negativity" : 2.55,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 940.4,
"oxidation_states" : "6, 4, -2",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d¹4s²4p",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 4.360
},
"Bromine": {
"symbol" : "Br",
"atomic_number" : 35,
"atomic_weight" : 79.904,
"density g/cm" : 3.12,
"melting_point K" : 265.9,
"boiling_point K" : 331.9,
"atomic_radius pm" : "-",
"covalent_radius pm" : 114,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 23.5,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : "0.473 (Br-Br)",
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "10.57 (Br-Br)",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : "29.56 (Br-Br)",
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 0.005,
"pauling_negativity" : 2.96,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 1142.0,
"oxidation_states" : "7, 5, 3, 1, -1",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d¹4s²4p",
"lattice_structure" : "ORC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 6.670
},
"Krypton": {
"symbol" : "Kr",
"atomic_number" : 36,
"atomic_weight" : 83.8,
"density g/cm" : "2.155 (@ -153°C)",
"melting_point K" : 116.6,
"boiling_point K" : 120.85,
"atomic_radius pm" : "-",
"covalent_radius pm" : 112,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 32.2,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.247,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "-",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 9.05,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 0.0095,
"pauling_negativity" : 0.0,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 1350.0,
"oxidation_states" : 2,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Ar]3d¹4s²4p",
"lattice_structure" : "FCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 5.720
},
"Rubidium": {
"symbol" : "Rb",
"atomic_number" : 37,
"atomic_weight" : 85.4678,
"density g/cm" : 1.532,
"melting_point K" : 312.2,
"boiling_point K" : 961,
"atomic_radius pm" : 248,
"covalent_radius pm" : 216,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 55.9,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.360,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 2.20,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 75.8,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 58.2,
"pauling_negativity" : 0.82,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 402.8,
"oxidation_states" : 1,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Kr]5s¹",
"lattice_structure" : "BCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 5.590
},
"Strontium": {
"symbol" : "Sr",
"atomic_number" : 38,
"atomic_weight" : 87.62,
"density g/cm" : 2.54,
"melting_point K" : 1042,
"boiling_point K" : 1657,
"atomic_radius pm" : 215,
"covalent_radius pm" : 191,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 33.7,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.301,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 9.20,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 144,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : "(35.4)",
"pauling_negativity" : 0.95,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 549.0,
"oxidation_states" : 2,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Kr]5s²",
"lattice_structure" : "FCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 6.080
},
"Yttrium": {
"symbol" : "Y",
"atomic_number" : 39,
"atomic_weight" : 88.90585,
"density g/cm" : 4.47,
"melting_point K" : 1795,
"boiling_point K" : 3611,
"atomic_radius pm" : 178,
"covalent_radius pm" : 162,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 19.8,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.284,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 11.5,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 367,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : "(17.2)",
"pauling_negativity" : 1.22,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 615.4,
"oxidation_states" : 3,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Kr]4d¹5s²",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 3.650
},
"Zirconium": {
"symbol" : "Zr",
"atomic_number" : 40,
"atomic_weight" : 91.224,
"density g/cm" : 6.506,
"melting_point K" : 2125,
"boiling_point K" : 4650,
"atomic_radius pm" : 160,
"covalent_radius pm" : 145,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 14.1,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.281,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 19.2,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 567,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 22.7,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.33,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 659.7,
"oxidation_states" : 4,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Kr]4d²5s²",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 3.230
},
"Niobium": {
"symbol" : "Nb",
"atomic_number" : 41,
"atomic_weight" : 92.90638,
"density g/cm" : 8.57,
"melting_point K" : 2741,
"boiling_point K" : 5015,
"atomic_radius pm" : 146,
"covalent_radius pm" : 134,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 10.8,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.268,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 26.8,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 680,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 53.7,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.6,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 663.6,
"oxidation_states" : "5, 3",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Kr]4d5s¹",
"lattice_structure" : "BCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 3.300
},
"Molybdenum": {
"symbol" : "Mo",
"atomic_number" : 42,
"atomic_weight" : 95.94,
"density g/cm" : 10.22,
"melting_point K" : 2890,
"boiling_point K" : 4885,
"atomic_radius pm" : 139,
"covalent_radius pm" : 130,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 9.4,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.251,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 28,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : "~590",
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : "(138)",
"pauling_negativity" : 2.16,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 684.8,
"oxidation_states" : "6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 0",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Kr]4d5s¹",
"lattice_structure" : "BCC",
"lattice_constant ang" : 3.150
},
"Technetium": {
"symbol" : "Tc",
"atomic_number" : 43,
"atomic_weight" : 97.9072,
"density g/cm" : 11.5,
"melting_point K" : 2445,
"boiling_point K" : 5150,
"atomic_radius pm" : 136,
"covalent_radius pm" : 127,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 8.5,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.243,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 23.8,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 585,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 50.6,
"pauling_negativity" : 1.9,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 702.2,
"oxidation_states" : 7,
"electronic_configuration" : "[Kr]4d5s¹",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 2.740
},
"Ruthenium": {
"symbol" : "Ru",
"atomic_number" : 44,
"atomic_weight" : 101.07,
"density g/cm" : 12.41,
"melting_point K" : 2583,
"boiling_point K" : 4173,
"atomic_radius pm" : 134,
"covalent_radius pm" : 125,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 8.3,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.238,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : "(25.5)",
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : "-",
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 117.0,
"pauling_negativity" : 2.2,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 710.3,
"oxidation_states" : "8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 0, -2",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Kr]4d5s¹",
"lattice_structure" : "HEX",
"lattice_constant ang" : 2.700
},
"Rhodium": {
"symbol" : "Rh",
"atomic_number" : 45,
"atomic_weight" : 102.9055,
"density g/cm" : 12.41,
"melting_point K" : 2239,
"boiling_point K" : 4000,
"atomic_radius pm" : 134,
"covalent_radius pm" : 125,
"ionic_radius pm" : "",
"atomic_volume cm3/mol" : 8.3,
"specific_heat (@20°C J/g mol)" : 0.244,
"fusion_heat (kJ/mol)" : 21.8,
"evaporation_heat (kJ/mol)" : 494,
"thermal_conductivity (@25°C W/m K) " : 150,
"pauling_negativity" : 2.28,
"first_ionizing kJ/mol" : 719.5,
"oxidation_states" : "5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0",
"electronic_configuration" : "[Kr]4d5s¹",
"lattice_structure" : "FCC",