2024年秋冬季操作系统训练营

第一阶段将通过Rustlings进行测试，请按照以下步骤进行练习：

1. 在网络浏览器中用自己的 github id 登录 github.com。
2. 本仓库已经自动建立好，可以直接看到你要完成的实验了，有两种方式进行答题：

• 本地环境：

  1. 安装Linux的环境。对于windows的用户，推荐使用wsl2安装Ubuntu 22.04，也可以使用vmware等虚拟机进行安装。如果在这一步存在问题，请联系助教。
  2. 创建ssh key，用于ssh方式克隆github代码。在linux环境下，使用ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "你的邮箱"命令，创建ssh key，下面的选项全部直接敲回车即可。 随后使用 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 命令查看生成的公钥，并完整的复制下来。 在github仓库界面点击自己的头像，选择settings。进入到设置页面后，点击左侧的SSH and GPG keys选项。点击New SSH key选项，并将复制下来的内容粘贴上去，添加该ssh key的描述。随后点击Add SSH key，并一路点击确认即可。
  3. 本地安装rust。进入linux环境下，参考Arceos 教程 Rust 开发环境配置 - ArceOS Tutorial Book (rcore-os.cn) 中，找到Rust 开发环境配置的章节，相应配置即可，你可以同时将后续需要的环境也配置好.
  4. clone实验仓库到本地。在前面点击链接生成的仓库中，同样点击醒目的 code 绿色按钮，选择local下的ssh选项，复制下面的链接。随后回到本地linux环境下，使用git clone 复制的链接的方式，将目标仓库clone到本地。随后，使用ls命令查看自己clone下来的文件夹，再使用cd命令进入到该文件夹下，使用 cargo install --force --path . 安装rustlings。
  5. 练习rustlings。使用VSCode等编辑器，进入clone下来的目录中，执行rustlings watch依次查看完成情况，并依次完成对应的练习。 执行rustlings run 练习名称去运行对应练习，也可以使用rustlings hint 练习名称查看题解。
  6. 提交完成情况。当做完部分或所有练习之后，在rustlings目录下执行 git add .; git commit -m "update"; git push 命令，把更新提交到GithubClassroom的CI进行自动评测。你可以在github仓库页面的actions分页看到你的CI提交结果，或者训练营官网查看自己的评分。

• 在线环境：

  1. 如果使用在线环境，在本网页的中上部可以看到一个醒目的 code 绿色按钮，点击后，可以进一步看到 codespace 标签和醒目的 create codesapce on main 绿色按钮。请点击这个绿色按钮，就可以进入到在线的ubuntu +VSCode环境中

  2. 再按照下面的环境安装提示在VSCode的 console 中安装配置开发环境：rustc等工具。

  3. 然后就可以基于在线VSCode进行测试 (执行命令 rustlings watch ），编辑代码的循环实验过程了。

3. 上述步骤有任何问题都可以找助教。

4. 下面是官方的Rustlings的布置，可以参考，请务必不要拉取下面的仓库！

rustlings 🦀❤️

Greetings and welcome to rustlings. This project contains small exercises to get you used to reading and writing Rust code. This includes reading and responding to compiler messages!

...looking for the old, web-based version of Rustlings? Try here

Alternatively, for a first-time Rust learner, there are several other resources:

• The Book - The most comprehensive resource for learning Rust, but a bit theoretical sometimes. You will be using this along with Rustlings!
• Rust By Example - Learn Rust by solving little exercises! It's almost like rustlings, but online

Getting Started

Note: If you're on MacOS, make sure you've installed Xcode and its developer tools by typing xcode-select --install. Note: If you're on Linux, make sure you've installed gcc. Deb: sudo apt install gcc. Yum: sudo yum -y install gcc.

You will need to have Rust installed. You can get it by visiting https://rustup.rs. This'll also install Cargo, Rust's package/project manager.

MacOS/Linux

Just run:

curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/rustlings/main/install.sh | bash

Or if you want it to be installed to a different path:

curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/rustlings/main/install.sh | bash -s mypath/

This will install Rustlings and give you access to the rustlings command. Run it to get started!

Nix

Basically: Clone the repository at the latest tag, finally run nix develop or nix-shell.

# find out the latest version at https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/releases/latest (on edit 5.5.1)
git clone -b 5.5.1 --depth 1 https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings
cd rustlings
# if nix version > 2.3
nix develop
# if nix version <= 2.3
nix-shell

Windows

In PowerShell (Run as Administrator), set ExecutionPolicy to RemoteSigned:

Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser

Then, you can run:

Start-BitsTransfer -Source https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/rustlings/main/install.ps1 -Destination $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Unblock-File $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Invoke-Expression $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1

To install Rustlings. Same as on MacOS/Linux, you will have access to the rustlings command after it. Keep in mind that this works best in PowerShell, and any other terminals may give you errors.

If you get a permission denied message, you might have to exclude the directory where you cloned Rustlings in your antivirus.

Browser

Manually

Basically: Clone the repository at the latest tag, run cargo install --path ..

# find out the latest version at https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/releases/latest (on edit 5.5.1)
git clone -b 5.5.1 --depth 1 https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings
cd rustlings
cargo install --force --path .

If there are installation errors, ensure that your toolchain is up to date. For the latest, run:

rustup update

Then, same as above, run rustlings to get started.

Doing exercises

The exercises are sorted by topic and can be found in the subdirectory rustlings/exercises/<topic>. For every topic there is an additional README file with some resources to get you started on the topic. We really recommend that you have a look at them before you start.

The task is simple. Most exercises contain an error that keeps them from compiling, and it's up to you to fix it! Some exercises are also run as tests, but rustlings handles them all the same. To run the exercises in the recommended order, execute:

rustlings watch

This will try to verify the completion of every exercise in a predetermined order (what we think is best for newcomers). It will also rerun automatically every time you change a file in the exercises/ directory. If you want to only run it once, you can use:

rustlings verify

This will do the same as watch, but it'll quit after running.

In case you want to go by your own order, or want to only verify a single exercise, you can run:

rustlings run myExercise1

Or simply use the following command to run the next unsolved exercise in the course:

rustlings run next

In case you get stuck, you can run the following command to get a hint for your exercise:

rustlings hint myExercise1

You can also get the hint for the next unsolved exercise with the following command:

rustlings hint next

To check your progress, you can run the following command:

rustlings list

Testing yourself

After every couple of sections, there will be a quiz that'll test your knowledge on a bunch of sections at once. These quizzes are found in exercises/quizN.rs.

Enabling rust-analyzer

Run the command rustlings lsp which will generate a rust-project.json at the root of the project, this allows rust-analyzer to parse each exercise.

Continuing On

Once you've completed Rustlings, put your new knowledge to good use! Continue practicing your Rust skills by building your own projects, contributing to Rustlings, or finding other open-source projects to contribute to.

Uninstalling Rustlings

If you want to remove Rustlings from your system, there are two steps. First, you'll need to remove the exercises folder that the install script created for you:

rm -rf rustlings # or your custom folder name, if you chose and or renamed it

Second, run cargo uninstall to remove the rustlings binary:

cargo uninstall rustlings

Now you should be done!

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md.

Development-focused discussion about Rustlings happens in the rustlings stream on the Rust Project Zulip. Feel free to start a new thread there if you have ideas or suggestions!

Contributors ✨

Thanks goes to the wonderful people listed in AUTHORS.md 🎉