10. Regular Expression Matching

/*  Given an input string s and a pattern p, implement regular expression matching with support for '.' and '*' where:

'.' Matches any single character.​​​​
'*' Matches zero or more of the preceding element.
The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial).

 

Example 1:

Input: s = "aa", p = "a"
Output: false
Explanation: "a" does not match the entire string "aa".
Example 2:

Input: s = "aa", p = "a*"
Output: true
Explanation: '*' means zero or more of the preceding element, 'a'. Therefore, by repeating 'a' once, it becomes "aa".
Example 3:

Input: s = "ab", p = ".*"
Output: true
Explanation: ".*" means "zero or more (*) of any character (.)".
 

Constraints:

1 <= s.length <= 20
1 <= p.length <= 20 */


enum Result {
    TRUE, FALSE
}

class Solution {
    Result[][] memo;

    public boolean isMatch(String text, String pattern) {
        memo = new Result[text.length() + 1][pattern.length() + 1];
        return dp(0, 0, text, pattern);
    }

    public boolean dp(int i, int j, String text, String pattern) {
        if (memo[i][j] != null) {
            return memo[i][j] == Result.TRUE;
        }
        boolean ans;
        if (j == pattern.length()){
            ans = i == text.length();
        } else{
            boolean first_match = (i < text.length() &&
                                   (pattern.charAt(j) == text.charAt(i) ||
                                    pattern.charAt(j) == '.'));

            if (j + 1 < pattern.length() && pattern.charAt(j+1) == '*'){
                ans = (dp(i, j+2, text, pattern) ||
                       first_match && dp(i+1, j, text, pattern));
            } else {
                ans = first_match && dp(i+1, j+1, text, pattern);
            }
        }
        memo[i][j] = ans ? Result.TRUE : Result.FALSE;
        return ans;
    }
}