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Introduction to Git and GitHub

Source Code Management: Source code management is the process of tracking and managing changes to the software over the software development lifecycle.

Components of Source Code Management

  • Repository

  • Server

  • Client

  • Working Directory

  • Trunk

Basic Functionalities of Source Code Management

  • Add

  • Check Out

  • Check In

  • Check In message

  • Revision

  • Head

  • Changelog

  • Revert

Features of SCM

  • Backup and Restore

  • Synchronize

  • Earlier version review

  • Recent version restore

  • Version History

  • Owner History

  • Testing Environment

  • Branching and Merging

SDLC with SCM

Version Control Systems

VCS

versions

Git

image

  • Git is a distributed version control system used for managing the source code in software development by tracking changes to files and coordinating work among multiple users.

  • Git is released as free software under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or later.

  • Git perceives the information as a series of snapshots of files. Git takes a snapshot of how files look like at the moment when a project is committed or saved and it stores a reference to that snapshot of files.

  • As an efficient version control system, Git does not store snapshot of files again if nothing has changed in the file and it only stores a link to the previous identical snapshot of the file it has already stored.

Three states of a file in Git Project

  • Modified

  • Staged

  • Committed

File States

Coherence and file tracking using Git VCS

  • Git version control system assigns a checksum to every file or directory before it is stored and the file or directory is referenced by that checksum.

  • The checksum is usually a 40-character string which is composed of hexadecimal characters (a-f and 0-9) and it is calculated depending on the contents of a file or directory in Git.

  • Git uses SHA-1 hash mechanism for checksumming.

  • The SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a cryptographic hash algorithm which generates a checksum from a sequence of bytes of any length in a file or a directory.

Three main sections of a Git Project

  • Working Directory

  • Staging Area

  • Git Directory

Git Working directories

Features of Git

  • Non-Linear Development Support

  • Distributed Development

  • Compatibility

  • Large Projects Handling

  • Encryption of History

  • Toolkit based Design

  • Flexible merges

  • Garbage collection

  • Periodic Packing of files

GitHub

GitHub

GitHub is a cloud based repository hosting service for Git VCS.

Important Links and References

Download Git Bash

Read the Official Pro-Git E-book

GitHub Education Pack

Introduction to Markdown