diff --git a/pkgs/applications/science/math/matlab/default.nix b/pkgs/applications/science/math/matlab/default.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0953b317f398b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/applications/science/math/matlab/default.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{ callPackage }:
+
+rec {
+  fetchFromMPM = callPackage ./fetcher.nix { inherit matlab-package-manager; };
+  matlab = callPackage ./matlab.nix { inherit fetchFromMPM matlab-package-manager; };
+  matlab-package-manager = callPackage ./mpm.nix { };
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/applications/science/math/matlab/fetcher.nix b/pkgs/applications/science/math/matlab/fetcher.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..bb035246decf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/applications/science/math/matlab/fetcher.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+{
+  lib,
+  stdenvNoCC,
+  matlab-package-manager,
+}:
+
+{
+  release,
+  update ? 0,
+  # The full list of correctly formatted product names can be found within the template input files
+  # https://github.com/mathworks-ref-arch/matlab-dockerfile/tree/main/mpm-input-files
+  extra-products ? [ ],
+  hash,
+}:
+
+let
+  version = "${release}U${toString update}";
+  products = [ "MATLAB" ] ++ extra-products;
+in
+stdenvNoCC.mkDerivation {
+  pname = "matlab-download";
+  inherit products version;
+
+  __structuredAttrs = true;
+
+  dontUnpack = true;
+
+  installPhase = ''
+    # As mpm is bubblewrapped, it cannot write to $out directly
+    # https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/239017
+    ${lib.getExe matlab-package-manager} download --release "$version" --platforms glnxa64 --destination matlab --products "''${products[@]}"
+    mv matlab $out
+  '';
+
+  dontFixup = true;
+
+  # The MATLAB installation isn't 100% deterministic due to how the classpath.txt file is generated.
+  # But mpm download does appear to be deterministic. So create a fixed output derivation from the
+  # downloaded files, and then run the installer.
+  outputHashAlgo = if hash == "" then "sha256" else null;
+  outputHashMode = "recursive";
+  outputHash = hash;
+
+  passthru.matlab-download = {
+    inherit products release update;
+  };
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/applications/science/math/matlab/matlab.nix b/pkgs/applications/science/math/matlab/matlab.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..380ef7b1168ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/applications/science/math/matlab/matlab.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+{
+  lib,
+  stdenvNoCC,
+  buildFHSEnv,
+  copyDesktopItems,
+  libarchive,
+  makeDesktopItem,
+  writeShellScriptBin,
+
+  fetchFromMPM,
+  matlab-package-manager,
+}:
+
+stdenvNoCC.mkDerivation (self: {
+  pname = "matlab";
+  inherit (self.src) version;
+  products = self.src.matlab-download.products or [ "MATLAB" ];
+
+  matlabBins = [
+    "matlab"
+    "mex"
+  ];
+
+  dontUnpack = true;
+  dontConfigure = true;
+  dontBuild = true;
+
+  src = fetchFromMPM {
+    release = "R2024b";
+    update = 1;
+    extra-products = [ ];
+    hash = "sha256-t7+vIk7254mo7dUaRFjZp/qHRpVWnIhy3OEoZfhwqUI=";
+  };
+
+  nativeBuildInputs = [ copyDesktopItems ];
+
+  unwrapped =
+    let
+      unpack =
+        if self.src ? "matlab-download" then
+          # Downloaded using fetchFromMPM: already unpacked
+          { dontUnpack = true; }
+        else
+          # Assume this is an ISO image from requireFile: need to unpack
+          {
+            nativeBuildInputs = [ libarchive ];
+            unpackCmd = "bsdtar -vxf $curSrc";
+            sourceRoot = ".";
+          };
+    in
+    stdenvNoCC.mkDerivation (
+      {
+        pname = "matlab-unwrapped";
+        inherit (self) src products version;
+
+        __structuredAttrs = true;
+
+        dontConfigure = true;
+        dontBuild = true;
+        dontFixup = true;
+
+        installPhase = ''
+          # As mpm is bubblewrapped, it cannot write to $out directly
+          # https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/239017
+          ${lib.getExe matlab-package-manager} install --source "$src" --destination matlab --products "''${products[@]}"
+          mv matlab $out
+          ln -s /etc/matlab $out/licenses
+        '';
+      }
+      // unpack
+    );
+
+  installPhase = ''
+    runHook preInstall
+
+    mkdir -p $out/bin $out/share/applications $out/share/pixmaps
+
+    ln -s ${self.env}/bin/matlab-env $out/bin/matlab-env
+
+    ${
+      let
+        launcherFor =
+          name:
+          writeShellScriptBin name ''
+            exec ${self.env}/bin/matlab-env ${self.unwrapped}/bin/${name} "''${@}"
+          '';
+      in
+      lib.concatMapStringsSep "\n" (name: ''
+        if [ ! -f ${self.unwrapped}/bin/${name} ]; then
+          echo "MATLAB binary ${name} does not exist!"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+        ln -sv ${lib.getExe (launcherFor name)} $out/bin/${name}
+      '') self.matlabBins
+    }
+
+    ln -s ${self.unwrapped}/bin/glnxa64/cef_resources/matlab_icon.png $out/share/pixmaps/matlab.png
+
+    runHook postInstall
+  '';
+
+  desktopItems = [
+    (makeDesktopItem {
+      name = "matlab";
+      exec = "matlab -desktop -useStartupFolderPref %F";
+      comment = "MATLAB is a programming and numeric computing platform for engineering and scientific applications.";
+      desktopName = "MATLAB ${self.matlab-download.release or self.version}";
+      icon = "matlab";
+      categories = [
+        "Development"
+        "Math"
+        "Science"
+      ];
+      mimeTypes = [
+        "text/x-matlab"
+        "text/x-octave"
+      ];
+    })
+  ];
+
+  env = buildFHSEnv {
+    name = "matlab-env";
+
+    extraPreBwrapCmds = ''
+      mkdir -p $HOME/.matlab/licenses
+
+      # For some reason, MATLAB often fails to start unless this directory is cleared.
+      rm -rf ~/.MathWorks/ServiceHost/
+    '';
+
+    extraBwrapArgs = [
+      "--bind $HOME/.matlab/licenses /etc/matlab"
+    ];
+
+    targetPkgs =
+      pkgs:
+      builtins.attrValues {
+        # From https://gitlab.com/doronbehar/nix-matlab/-/blob/master/common.nix
+        inherit (pkgs)
+          alsa-lib
+          atk
+          at-spi2-atk
+          at-spi2-core
+          cacert
+          cairo
+          cups
+          dbus
+          fontconfig
+          gcc
+          gdk-pixbuf
+          gfortran
+          git
+          glib
+          glibc
+          glibcLocales
+          gtk2
+          gtk3
+          jre
+          libdrm
+          libglvnd
+          libselinux
+          libsndfile
+          libuuid
+          libxcrypt
+          libxcrypt-legacy
+          libxkbcommon
+          mesa
+          ncurses
+          nspr
+          nss
+          pam
+          pango
+          procps
+          python3
+          udev
+          unzip
+          xkeyboard_config
+          zlib
+          ;
+
+        inherit (pkgs.gst_all_1)
+          gst-plugins-base
+          gstreamer
+          ;
+
+        inherit (pkgs.mesa)
+          drivers
+          ;
+
+        inherit (pkgs.xorg)
+          libSM
+          libX11
+          libXcomposite
+          libXcursor
+          libXdamage
+          libXext
+          libXfixes
+          libXft
+          libXi
+          libXinerama
+          libXrandr
+          libXrender
+          libXt
+          libXtst
+          libXxf86vm
+          libxcb
+          ;
+      };
+  };
+
+  passthru.unwrapped = self.unwrapped;
+
+  meta = {
+    mainProgram = "matlab";
+    description = "MATLAB is a programming and numeric computing platform for engineering and scientific applications.";
+    homepage = "https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html";
+    platforms = [ "x86_64-linux" ];
+    sourceProvenance = [ lib.sourceTypes.binaryNativeCode ];
+    license = lib.licenses.unfree;
+    maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ james-atkins ];
+  };
+})
diff --git a/pkgs/applications/science/math/matlab/mpm.nix b/pkgs/applications/science/math/matlab/mpm.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a43e12ab1a5b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/applications/science/math/matlab/mpm.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+{
+  lib,
+  stdenvNoCC,
+  fetchurl,
+  buildFHSEnv,
+}:
+
+let
+  pname = "mpm";
+  version = "2024.3";
+
+  mpm-bin = stdenvNoCC.mkDerivation {
+    inherit pname version;
+
+    src = fetchurl {
+      # https://www.mathworks.com/mpm/glnxa64/mpm redirects to here
+      url = "https://ssd.mathworks.com/supportfiles/downloads/mpm/${version}/glnxa64/mpm";
+      hash = "sha256-xDL6Xx/fQeqQMEMDv0+s6TSIjEdZO6yMYMhnAXU9JQ8=";
+      executable = true;
+    };
+    dontUnpack = true;
+
+    installPhase = ''
+      runHook preInstall
+      mkdir -p $out/bin
+      cp $src $out/bin/mpm
+      runHook postInstall
+    '';
+  };
+in
+buildFHSEnv {
+  inherit pname version;
+  runScript = "mpm";
+
+  targetPkgs =
+    pkgs: with pkgs; [
+      mpm-bin
+      pam
+      zlib
+    ];
+
+  meta = {
+    mainProgram = "mpm";
+    description = "MATLAB Package Manager";
+    homepage = "https://www.mathworks.com/help/install/ug/get-mpm-os-command-line.html";
+    platforms = [ "x86_64-linux" ];
+    sourceProvenance = [ lib.sourceTypes.binaryNativeCode ];
+    license = lib.licenses.unfree;
+    maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ james-atkins ];
+  };
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix b/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix
index 1c0742d4aed50..27b81e1998285 100644
--- a/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix
+++ b/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix
@@ -17794,6 +17794,11 @@ with pkgs;
   geogebra = callPackage ../applications/science/math/geogebra { };
   geogebra6 = callPackage ../applications/science/math/geogebra/geogebra6.nix { };
 
+  inherit (callPackage ../applications/science/math/matlab { })
+    fetchFromMPM
+    matlab
+    matlab-package-manager;
+
   maxima = callPackage ../applications/science/math/maxima {
     lisp-compiler = sbcl;
   };