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a/_sources/software_engineering/error_handling_intro/objectives_materials.ipynb b/_sources/software_engineering/error_handling_intro/objectives_materials.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..818fb8bc --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/software_engineering/error_handling_intro/objectives_materials.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Introduction to error handling \n", + "\n", + "## Learning Objectives\n", + "\n", + "After working through this topic, you should be able to:\n", + "\n", + "- Explain why error handling is important\n", + "\n", + "## Materials\n", + "\n", + "Here is the\n", + "[screencast](https://player.uni-bonn.educast.nrw/96b79d38-8313-4025-bfcb-66ccd649e507).\n", + "These are the [slides](software_engineering-error_handling_intro.pdf).\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "## Quiz" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "tags": [ + "remove-input" + ] + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "content = {\n", + " \"What are benefits of good error handling\": {\n", + " \"You make fewer mistakes\": False,\n", + " \"You find mistakes earlier\": True,\n", + " \"You understand what went wrong immediately\": True,\n", + " \"Your code is more readable\": False,\n", + " },\n", + "}\n", + "\n", + "from epp_topics.quiz_utilities import display_quiz\n", + "\n", + "display_quiz(content)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 2 +} diff --git a/_sources/software_engineering/raising_errors/objectives_materials.ipynb b/_sources/software_engineering/raising_errors/objectives_materials.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d3699ec2 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/software_engineering/raising_errors/objectives_materials.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# How to raise errors?\n", + "\n", + "## Learning Objectives\n", + "\n", + "After working through this topic, you should be able to:\n", + "\n", + "- Use the `raise` keyword to raise errors\n", + "- Decide when to use built-in vs. custom exceptions \n", + "- Define custom exceptions\n", + "- Explain the concept of `fail-functions`\n", + "\n", + "## Materials\n", + "\n", + "Here is the\n", + "[screencast](https://player.uni-bonn.educast.nrw/57b9f591-e18c-47aa-a2cf-5f66bf22846c).\n", + "These are the [slides](software_engineering-raising_errors.pdf).\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "## Quiz" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "tags": [ + "remove-input" + ] + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "content = {\n", + " \"How can you raise exceptions in Python?\": {\n", + " \"With the `raise` keyword\": True,\n", + " \"With the `throw` keyword\": False,\n", + " \"With the `except` keyword\": False,\n", + " \"With the `yield` keyword\": False,\n", + " },\n", + " \"What is the benefit of fail-functions?\": {\n", + " \"They tell you what is checked without cluttering the code\": True,\n", + " \"They let you re-use code for error handling\": True,\n", + " \"They are faster than raising exceptions\": False,\n", + " \"They force you to think about a good name for each check\": True,\n", + " },\n", + " \"What are benefits of custom exceptions\": {\n", + " \"They can be more explicit than the built-in exceptions\": True,\n", + " \"They are faster than built-in exceptions\": False,\n", + " \"They replace the need for good error messages\": False,\n", + " \"They show you are a good programme\": False,\n", + " },\n", + "}\n", + "\n", + "from epp_topics.quiz_utilities import display_quiz\n", + "\n", + "display_quiz(content)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 2 +} diff --git a/_sources/software_engineering/which_errors_to_handle/objectives_materials.ipynb b/_sources/software_engineering/which_errors_to_handle/objectives_materials.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7c1f7044 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/software_engineering/which_errors_to_handle/objectives_materials.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Which errors to handle?\n", + "\n", + "## Learning Objectives\n", + "\n", + "After working through this topic, you should be able to:\n", + "\n", + "- Decide for which inputs you need error handling\n", + "- Explain when to use testing instead of error handling\n", + "- Decide where to do error handling\n", + "\n", + "## Materials\n", + "\n", + "Here is the\n", + "[screencast](https://player.uni-bonn.educast.nrw/b728a649-b661-48f7-b13f-d28f92eea888).\n", + "These are the [slides](software_engineering-which_errors_to_handle.pdf).\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "## Quiz" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "tags": [ + "remove-input" + ] + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "content = {\n", + " \"For which inputs of your functions should you do error handling?\": {\n", + " \"Those generated by other functions to make sure those functions work\": False,\n", + " \"Those passed in by a user\": True,\n", + " \"You should do error handling for all inputs of all functions\": False,\n", + " \"Those that use complex data structures\": False,\n", + " },\n", + " \"Where should you do error handling?\": {\n", + " \"As early as possible so users get early feedback\": True,\n", + " \"Right before you use the input\": False,\n", + " \"At the end of the function to check that the result is valid\": False,\n", + " },\n", + "}\n", + "\n", + "from epp_topics.quiz_utilities import display_quiz\n", + "\n", + "display_quiz(content)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 2 +} diff --git a/_sources/software_engineering/worked_error_example/worked_example.ipynb b/_sources/software_engineering/worked_error_example/worked_example.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1f9bb2fa --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/software_engineering/worked_error_example/worked_example.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,295 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Worked error handling example\n", + "\n", + "This notebook shows very thorough error handling for the functions \n", + "- `create_markdown_table`\n", + "- `convert_lod_to_dol`\n", + "- `convert_dol_to_lod`\n", + "\n", + "Such a level of error handling would be necessary if these functions are used by \n", + "a large group of users (e.g. if they are in a Python package). Whether you need this \n", + "level of error handling for functions that are only used by yourself in a single \n", + "project is debatable. But usually thorough error handling saves more time than it \n", + "costs. " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def convert_lod_to_dol(lod):\n", + " \"\"\"Convert a list of dictionaries to a dictionary of lists.\n", + "\n", + " Args:\n", + " lod (list): List of dictionaries\n", + "\n", + " Returns:\n", + " dict: Dictionary of lists\n", + "\n", + " \"\"\"\n", + " _fail_if_not_list(lod)\n", + " _fail_if_list_of_wrong_types(lod)\n", + " _fail_if_list_of_dicts_with_different_keys(lod)\n", + "\n", + " keys = list(lod[0])\n", + " out = {}\n", + " for key in keys:\n", + " out[key] = [d[key] for d in lod]\n", + " return out\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def convert_dol_to_lod(dol):\n", + " \"\"\"Convert a dictionary of lists to a list of dictionaries.\n", + "\n", + " Args:\n", + " dol (dict): Dictionary of lists\n", + "\n", + " Returns:\n", + " list: List of dictionaries\n", + "\n", + " \"\"\"\n", + " _fail_if_not_dict(dol)\n", + " _fail_if_dict_of_wrong_types(dol)\n", + " _fail_if_dict_of_lists_with_different_lengths(dol)\n", + "\n", + " keys = list(dol)\n", + " n_rows = len(dol[keys[0]])\n", + " out = []\n", + " for row in range(n_rows):\n", + " out.append({key: dol[key][row] for key in keys})\n", + " return out\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def create_markdown_table(data):\n", + " \"\"\"Create a markdown table from a list of dictionaries or a dictionary of lists.\n", + "\n", + " Args:\n", + " data (list or dict): List of dictionaries or dictionary of lists\n", + "\n", + " Returns:\n", + " str: The Markdown table\n", + "\n", + " \"\"\"\n", + " _fail_if_neither_dict_nor_list(data)\n", + " if isinstance(data, dict):\n", + " lod = convert_dol_to_lod(data)\n", + " else:\n", + " _fail_if_list_of_wrong_types(data)\n", + " _fail_if_list_of_dicts_with_different_keys(data)\n", + " lod = data\n", + "\n", + " keys = list(lod[0])\n", + "\n", + " lines = [\n", + " _create_header(keys),\n", + " _create_separator(len(keys)),\n", + " ]\n", + "\n", + " for row in lod:\n", + " lines.append(_create_data_row(row))\n", + "\n", + " return \"\\n\".join(lines)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def _create_header(keys):\n", + " \"\"\"Create a header for a Markdown table.\"\"\"\n", + " header = \"|\"\n", + " for key in keys:\n", + " header += f\" {key} |\"\n", + " return header\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def _create_separator(n_cols):\n", + " separator = \"|\"\n", + " for _ in range(n_cols):\n", + " separator += \" ------ |\"\n", + " return separator\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def _create_data_row(row_dict):\n", + " \"\"\"Create a row of data for a Markdown table.\"\"\"\n", + " row_string = \"|\"\n", + " for key in row_dict:\n", + " row_string += f\" {row_dict[key]} |\"\n", + " return row_string\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def _fail_if_neither_dict_nor_list(data):\n", + " if not isinstance(data, list | dict):\n", + " msg = f\"data must be a list of dicts or a dictionary of lists. Not {type(data)}\"\n", + " raise TypeError(\n", + " msg,\n", + " )\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def _fail_if_not_list(data):\n", + " if not isinstance(data, list):\n", + " raise TypeError(\"data must be a list of dicts\")\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def _fail_if_not_dict(data):\n", + " if not isinstance(data, dict):\n", + " raise TypeError(\"data must be a dictionary of lists\")\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "class NonTabularDataError(Exception):\n", + " \"\"\"Raised when data has the correct type but is not tabular.\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def _fail_if_list_of_wrong_types(data):\n", + " invalid_rows = []\n", + " for i, row in enumerate(data):\n", + " if not isinstance(row, dict):\n", + " invalid_rows.append(i)\n", + "\n", + " if invalid_rows:\n", + " report = \"The following rows are not dictionaries:\\n\"\n", + " for i in invalid_rows:\n", + " report += f\" Row {i} has type {type(data[i])}\\n\"\n", + " raise TypeError(report)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def _fail_if_list_of_dicts_with_different_keys(data):\n", + " keys = set(data[0].keys())\n", + " invalid_rows = []\n", + " for i, row in enumerate(data):\n", + " if set(row.keys()) != keys:\n", + " invalid_rows.append(i)\n", + "\n", + " if invalid_rows:\n", + " report = f\"Valid keys are: {keys}\\n\\nThe following rows have invalid keys:\\n\"\n", + "\n", + " for i in invalid_rows:\n", + " report += f\" Row {i}: {[k for k in list(data[i]) if k not in keys]}\\n\"\n", + " raise NonTabularDataError(report)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def _fail_if_dict_of_wrong_types(data):\n", + " invalid_cols = []\n", + " for key in data:\n", + " if not isinstance(data[key], list):\n", + " invalid_cols.append(key)\n", + "\n", + " if invalid_cols:\n", + " report = \"The following dict entries are not lists:\\n\"\n", + " for key in invalid_cols:\n", + " report += f\" Key '{key}' has a value of type {type(data[key])}\\n\"\n", + " raise TypeError(report)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def _fail_if_dict_of_lists_with_different_lengths(data):\n", + " length = len(data[next(iter(data.keys()))])\n", + " invalid_cols = []\n", + " for key in data:\n", + " if len(data[key]) != length:\n", + " invalid_cols.append(key)\n", + "\n", + " if invalid_cols:\n", + " report = (\n", + " f\"The correct length is {length}. The following dict entries have invalid \"\n", + " \"lengths:\\n\"\n", + " )\n", + " for key in invalid_cols:\n", + " report += f\" Key '{key}' has a value with length {len(data[key])}\\n\"\n", + " raise NonTabularDataError(report)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Recipe for good error handling\n", + "\n", + "1. Identify which inputs can potentially cause probles. Those are the inputs that:\n", + " - come directly from a user\n", + " - have not been checked in other functions \n", + "2. List everything that could go wrong with those inputs. Start with those that are \n", + "very easy to check (e.g. is data a list or dict) and continue with more specific ones \n", + "(does the dict have the right keys).\n", + "3. Write one `_fail ...` function for each of the conditions in the previous step \n", + "4. Call the `_fail ...` functions at the earliest possible moment in your code\n", + "5. Call your functions with invalid inputs and read the error messages. Are they\n", + "as helpful as they can be? Do they show too much or too little output? Try to maximize \n", + "the information content without showing anything irrelevant. \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "## Calling the functions with invalid inputs\n", + "\n", + "Call `create_markdown_table` with the inputs below to see the error messages" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "invalid_lod = [\n", + " {\"name\", \"ProgrammingGod42\"},\n", + " {\"name\": \"Kim\", \"github_name\": \"CodingKim\"},\n", + " [\"Jesse\", \"JavascriptJesse\"],\n", + "]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "invalid_lod = [\n", + " {\"name\": \"Robin\", \"github_name\": \"ProgrammingGod42\"},\n", + " {\"name\": \"Kim\", \"github_name\": \"CodingKim\"},\n", + " {\"name\": \"Jesse\", \"github_nameeeeeeeeee\": \"JavascriptJesse\"},\n", + "]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "invalid_dol = {\n", + " \"name\": (\"Robin\", \"Kim\", \"Jesse\"),\n", + " \"github_name\": [\"ProgrammingGod42\", \"CodingKim\", \"JavascriptJesse\"],\n", + "}" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "invalid_dol = {\n", + " \"name\": [\"Robin\", \"Kim\", \"Jesse\"],\n", + " \"github_name\": [\"ProgrammingGod42\", \"CodingKim\"],\n", + "}" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 2 +} diff --git a/background/content_objectives.html b/background/content_objectives.html index 95ba5b0d..9581073a 100644 --- a/background/content_objectives.html +++ b/background/content_objectives.html @@ -275,6 +275,10 @@
  • Testing code that should raise errors
  • What to test? How to test it?
  • Reusing test code
    • +
  • Introduction to error handling
    • +
  • Which errors to handle?
    • +
  • How to raise errors?
    • +
  • Worked error handling example
  • Texts, Typesetting, and Text Data
  • Texts, Typesetting, and Text Data
  • Texts, Typesetting, and Text Data
  • Texts, Typesetting, and Text Data
  • Texts, Typesetting, and Text Data
  • Texts, Typesetting, and Text Data
  • Texts, Typesetting, and Text Data
  • Texts, Typesetting, and Text Data