Calculation of correct observables fails after simulation with discrete_events

[jmaedler]

Describe the bug 🐞
It seems to be not possible to correctly re-calculate observed variables after a simulation with discrete_events. In my MRE, I do get all zeros for the flow, while it should be switching between roughly 1 and 0.

Expected behavior
I would expect to be able to calculated the correct tranjectories for the observables.

Minimal Reproducible Example 👇
My MRE is a simple tank model with a binary valve at the outlet. As you can see in the code, I use @discrete_events to switch the valve. If you plot the trajectories for the volume V and the valve state S you get the correct plots. But if you plot the volume flow Vdot you get all zeros.

using ModelingToolkit
using ModelingToolkit: D_nounits as D, t_nounits as t
using DifferentialEquations
using Plots

@mtkmodel TankWithValve begin
    @parameters begin
        k_V::Float64 = 10.0, [description = "Valve coefficient in L/min/bar"]
        S(t)::Bool = false, [description = "Valve state"]        
    end
    @variables begin
        V(t)::Float64, [description = "Volume in L", guess = 0.0]
        Vdot(t)::Float64, [description = "Volume flow rate in L/min", guess = 0.0, connect = Flow]
        p_bottom(t)::Float64, [description = "Set pressure in bar", guess = 1.01325]
        p_outlet(t)::Float64, [description = "Set pressure in bar", guess = 1.01325]
    end
    @equations begin
        D(V) ~ -Vdot/60.0 # Umrechnung: 1 min/60 s
        Vdot ~ S*k_V*(p_bottom - p_outlet)
        p_bottom ~ 1.01325 + 9.81*1000.0*V/100000.0
        p_outlet ~ 1.01325
    end
    @discrete_events begin
        [30] => [S ~ true]
        [60] => [S ~ false]
        [90] => [S ~ true]
        [120] => [S ~ false]
    end
end

@mtkbuild sys = TankWithValve(V = 2.0)

observed(sys)

prob = ODEProblem(sys, [], (0.0, 120.0))
sol = solve(prob)
plot(sol; idxs = [sys.V,sys.S,sys.Vdot])

Environment (please complete the following information):

• Output of using Pkg; Pkg.status()

julia> using Pkg; Pkg.status()
Project MTKWaterRunModels v0.0.1
Status `C:\Users\Jonathan\.julia\dev\MTKWaterRunModels\Project.toml`
  [0c46a032] DifferentialEquations v7.14.0
  [961ee093] ModelingToolkit v9.46.1
  [91a5bcdd] Plots v1.40.8
  [1bc83da4] SafeTestsets v0.1.0

• Output of using Pkg; Pkg.status(; mode = PKGMODE_MANIFEST)

julia> using Pkg; Pkg.status(; mode = PKGMODE_MANIFEST)
Project MTKWaterRunModels v0.0.1
Status `C:\Users\Jonathan\.julia\dev\MTKWaterRunModels\Manifest.toml`
  [47edcb42] ADTypes v1.9.0
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  [b77e0a4c] InteractiveUtils
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  [b27032c2] LibCURL v0.6.4
  [76f85450] LibGit2
  [8f399da3] Libdl
  [37e2e46d] LinearAlgebra
  [56ddb016] Logging
  [d6f4376e] Markdown
  [a63ad114] Mmap
  [ca575930] NetworkOptions v1.2.0
  [44cfe95a] Pkg v1.10.0
  [de0858da] Printf
  [3fa0cd96] REPL
  [9a3f8284] Random
  [ea8e919c] SHA v0.7.0
  [9e88b42a] Serialization
  [1a1011a3] SharedArrays
  [6462fe0b] Sockets
  [2f01184e] SparseArrays v1.10.0
  [10745b16] Statistics v1.10.0
  [4607b0f0] SuiteSparse
  [fa267f1f] TOML v1.0.3
  [a4e569a6] Tar v1.10.0
  [8dfed614] Test
  [cf7118a7] UUIDs
  [4ec0a83e] Unicode
  [e66e0078] CompilerSupportLibraries_jll v1.1.1+0
  [deac9b47] LibCURL_jll v8.4.0+0
  [e37daf67] LibGit2_jll v1.6.4+0
  [29816b5a] LibSSH2_jll v1.11.0+1
  [c8ffd9c3] MbedTLS_jll v2.28.2+1
  [14a3606d] MozillaCACerts_jll v2023.1.10
  [4536629a] OpenBLAS_jll v0.3.23+4
  [05823500] OpenLibm_jll v0.8.1+2
  [efcefdf7] PCRE2_jll v10.42.0+1
  [bea87d4a] SuiteSparse_jll v7.2.1+1
  [83775a58] Zlib_jll v1.2.13+1
  [8e850b90] libblastrampoline_jll v5.8.0+1
  [8e850ede] nghttp2_jll v1.52.0+1
  [3f19e933] p7zip_jll v17.4.0+2
Info Packages marked with ⌅ have new versions available but compatibility constraints restrict them from upgrading. To see why use `status --outdated -m`

• Output of versioninfo()

julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.10.4
Commit 48d4fd4843 (2024-06-04 10:41 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org/ release
Platform Info:
  OS: Windows (x86_64-w64-mingw32)
  CPU: 16 × AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 7840U w/ Radeon 780M Graphics
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LIBM: libopenlibm
  LLVM: libLLVM-15.0.7 (ORCJIT, znver3)
Threads: 8 default, 0 interactive, 4 GC (on 16 virtual cores)
Environment:
  JULIA_EDITOR = code
  JULIA_NUM_THREADS = 8

[jmaedler]

I guess this is related to PR #3106

[jmaedler]

Ok, I talked to @AayushSabharwal who explained to me that PR #3106 in fact will not fix this bug (or rather missing feature). PR #3106 is taylored arround discrete variables in the sense of clocked variables according to FMI (red), discrete variables according to FMI (green) are not meant to be supported by this PR. But in fact this is what would actually be needed to resolve this issue.