From aca1b0bcf67d80c0cca8df5e0aa9bf4f11e71e8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "github-actions[bot]" <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 9 Dec 2023 08:38:39 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] deploy: e25724b09b0af46de41b358a068c50fe83c33f39 --- 404.html | 4 ++-- About/index.html | 4 ++-- Appendix/Vector-fill/index.html | 4 ++-- Basics/Basics/index.html | 4 ++-- Basics/Stamp/index.html | 4 ++-- Basics/Vanilla/index.html | 4 ++-- Introduction/index.html | 4 ++-- Tessellation/index.html | 4 ++-- assets/js/e7f20846.4d519ff4.js | 1 - assets/js/e7f20846.5a3c2c8d.js | 1 + .../js/{runtime~main.b299749b.js => runtime~main.82d580af.js} | 2 +- category/appendix/index.html | 4 ++-- category/basics/index.html | 4 ++-- index.html | 4 ++-- 14 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 assets/js/e7f20846.4d519ff4.js create mode 100644 assets/js/e7f20846.5a3c2c8d.js rename assets/js/{runtime~main.b299749b.js => runtime~main.82d580af.js} (89%) diff --git a/404.html b/404.html index 7286eff..bbec50b 100644 --- a/404.html +++ b/404.html @@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ Page Not Found | Brush Rendering Tutorial - +
Skip to main content

Page Not Found

We could not find what you were looking for.

Please contact the owner of the site that linked you to the original URL and let them know their link is broken.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/About/index.html b/About/index.html index 5723658..311c895 100644 --- a/About/index.html +++ b/About/index.html @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ About | Brush Rendering Tutorial - + @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ That's why I want to guide and inspire more researchers and engineers to work on them during my academic career. To begin with, I've created this tutorial series to help everybody learn my research. I'm looking forward to assisting my collaborators working on the same research topic in the future.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Appendix/Vector-fill/index.html b/Appendix/Vector-fill/index.html index fa333ae..80faccd 100644 --- a/Appendix/Vector-fill/index.html +++ b/Appendix/Vector-fill/index.html @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Pre-introduction to Vector Fill | Brush Rendering Tutorial - + @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ algorithms to locate a point better than the naive solution. To dive deeper, you may try using the CGAL 2D arrangement library and learn the arrangement constructed from 2D polylines, which is slightly different with a naive polygon mesh.

I hope this "2D mesh metaphor" will help you better understand the problems.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Basics/Basics/index.html b/Basics/Basics/index.html index f5508ca..a24cfbf 100644 --- a/Basics/Basics/index.html +++ b/Basics/Basics/index.html @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Basics | Brush Rendering Tutorial - + @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ I will elaborate on how to render this stroke in the next section. Feel free to change any other parts of the code as long as the function returns the position and radius array correctly.

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Blender Grease Pencil team has developed a lot of novel tools to edit this polyline with radius representation. Remember to check out if you were a researcher and want to develop novel techniques for digital painting.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Basics/Stamp/index.html b/Basics/Stamp/index.html index 4b1dabc..cf2d607 100644 --- a/Basics/Stamp/index.html +++ b/Basics/Stamp/index.html @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Stamp | Brush Rendering Tutorial - + @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Then we get an interpolated radius value rpr_p in the fragment shader. You can prove this rpr_p is the stroke radius value across the current pixel as the figure shows. We assume the whole stroke is uni-radius and program the shader with rpr_p.

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I basically cannot perceive the deformation caused by the trick at the first glance.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Basics/Vanilla/index.html b/Basics/Vanilla/index.html index 155ffa8..7d19584 100644 --- a/Basics/Vanilla/index.html +++ b/Basics/Vanilla/index.html @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Vanilla | Brush Rendering Tutorial - + @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ It rarely happens for the geometry data comes from a 2D canvas. Modern tablets are stable enough to avoid generating this ill data. But it is common in 3D, I will introduce the solution together with 3D stroke rendering.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Introduction/index.html b/Introduction/index.html index f2ef859..63976c2 100644 --- a/Introduction/index.html +++ b/Introduction/index.html @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Introduction | Brush Rendering Tutorial - + @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ You will find "vertex.glsl" and "fragment.glsl" for vertex and fragment shader code. Whether they are hidden or shown will depend on the context.

Supplementary contents​

Dropdown tab
Some contents are hidden inside a dropdown tab like this. They are complementary to the main contents. Feel free to skip them.

Citation​

@inproceedings{Ciallo2023,
    author = {Ciao, Shen and Wei, Li-Yi},
    title = {Ciallo: The next-Generation Vector Paint Program},
    year = {2023},
    isbn = {9798400701436},
    publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
    address = {New York, NY, USA},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3587421.3595418},
    doi = {10.1145/3587421.3595418},
    booktitle = {ACM SIGGRAPH 2023 Talks},
    articleno = {67},
    numpages = {2},
    keywords = {Digital painting, stylized stroke, arrangement, vector graphics. coloring, graphics processing unit (GPU)},
    location = {Los Angeles, CA, USA},
    series = {SIGGRAPH '23}
}
Research Tip

To demonstrate your research work about brush rendering, select vector drawings have variable radius or pen pressure data. Regular vector drawing datasets don't contain them.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Tessellation/index.html b/Tessellation/index.html index 03e5d7e..d57fc7d 100644 --- a/Tessellation/index.html +++ b/Tessellation/index.html @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Tessellation-based Rendering | Brush Rendering Tutorial - + @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ You can find them in several papers and online articles.

Paper and article list

They may inspire some approaches to optimize the performance of the articulated algorithms in the future. To learn about them, I would recommend starting with Rye Terrell's Instanced Line Rendering, whose methods are simple enough to learn.

As for this article, I will compare the tessellation-based algorithms with articulated algorithms in detail.

WIP

spoiler

The key benefit of the articulated is its self-overlapping in acute angle, which is critical for brush strokes and digital painting.

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w(a){let{components:e,...n}=a;return(0,m.kt)(x,(0,s.Z)({},f,n,{components:e,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"intro"},"Intro"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"The basic stamp stroke rendering is pretty intuitive.\nWe are given a texture called stamp texture or footprint.\nWhile a user paints on a canvas, we render the texture onto the canvas equidistantly along the drawing trace.\nWhen the textures are close enough, they seem continuous and form a stroke."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{alt:"tostroke",src:t(775).Z,width:"750",height:"234"})),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Artists love to create stamp brushes since their expressiveness and intuition.\nMore than 90% of brushes in popular paint software are stamp brushes.\nResearchers and developers have developed dozens of extra parameters\nthat can apply various aspects of stylization on a stroke.\nHow to replicate these parameters with GPU acceleration is under-researched.\nTherefore, we will focus on the most critical technique, how to place the footprints in a shader program."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A naive solution is to place a footprint at each vertex.\n",(0,m.kt)("img",{alt:"naive",src:t(899).Z,width:"1276",height:"897"}),"\n",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"Place a dot texture at each vertex.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"But it's not good enough for the most usages.\nThe rendering result of strokes depends on polylines' vertex density.\nAfter subdivision, simplification, or deformation of the polylines, the strokes get denser or sparser appearance, which ruins the rendering result.\nWe must develop methods that rendering is independent of vertex density, just like rendering 3D meshes.\nTherefore, I will introduce how to place footprints equidistantly along a polyline."),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"locate-stamps"},"Locate stamps"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"When rendering with CPU, calculating where to place stamp (stamp positions) on a polyline is pretty straightforward.\nStart from the very first vertex of the polyline,\nmove along the polyline with the stamp interval to the next stamp position,\nloop until reach the end of polyline.\nIt is trivial for experienced developers to implement the process above."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{alt:"pos",src:t(2054).Z,width:"2560",height:"1080"})),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"GPU implementation is more challenging, but still relatively straightforward.\nWe use the same approach as rendering a vanilla stroke:\nPlacing the four new vertices for each edge in the vertex shader (or the geometry shader).\nThe difference only comes to the fragment shader."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"We will calculate the stamp positions in the fragment shader.\nAt each polyline vertex, we compute its distance to the first vertex along the polyline.\nThe distances represent the cumulative length of the edges, and we calculated them with Prefix Sum algorithm."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{alt:"len",src:t(2921).Z,width:"2560",height:"1080"})),(0,m.kt)("details",null,(0,m.kt)("summary",null," Parallel prefix sum "),(0,m.kt)("p",null," There are parallel prefix sum algorithms can be implemented with compute shaders,\n",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix_sum#Parallel_algorithms"},"wiki"),".\nBy using one of them, the whole rendering process is GPU-accelerated."),(0,m.kt)("p",null," The best tutorial about parallel prefix sum I've ever found is this free course\n",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.udacity.com/course/high-performance-computing--ud281"},"High Performance Computing")," by Prof. Rich Vuduc.\nThe course introduces prefix sum in Lesson 6.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Since we place stamps equidistantly, we can calculate these positions in all pixels involved in each edge.\nThen a pixel can loop through the positions, sample the stamp textures and determine its color.\nWe compute the texture coordinate with the pixel's distance to the stamp positions and radii."),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"loop-and-sample-stamps"},"Loop and sample stamps"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A pixel can loop through all stamps on the edge invokes it.\nBut the edge can be very long and has many unnecessary stamps for a pixel to loop through.\nWe want to constrain the loop within only a segment of the edge, within which stamps can cover the current pixel.\nGiven the pixel ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"))))),".\nAny stamps outside the segment have no chance to affect the pixel's color."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"In order to get start and end points' positions, we have a geometry puzzle to solve:\n",(0,m.kt)("img",{alt:"func",src:t(8372).Z,width:"2560",height:"1080"})),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"As the figure shows, we set up the same local coordinate as vanilla stroke in the shader program.\n",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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+ currColor.rgb * currColor.a * (1.0 - sampledColor.a))/color.a;\n\n currColor = color;\n currIndex += 1.0;\n if(currIndex > endIndex) break;\n }\n outColor = currColor;\n return;\n}";function h(a){let{showEditor:e=[!1,!1,!1]}=a;return n.createElement(p.m,{geometry:r.Z,vertexShader:N,fragmentShader:c,showEditor:e})}const k={sidebar_position:2},g=void 0,u={unversionedId:"Basics/Stamp/Stamp",id:"Basics/Stamp/Stamp",title:"Stamp",description:"Intro",source:"@site/docs/Basics/Stamp/Stamp.mdx",sourceDirName:"Basics/Stamp",slug:"/Basics/Stamp/",permalink:"/brush-rendering-tutorial/Basics/Stamp/",draft:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/ShenCiao/brush-rendering-tutorial/tree/main/docs/Basics/Stamp/Stamp.mdx",tags:[],version:"current",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Vanilla",permalink:"/brush-rendering-tutorial/Basics/Vanilla/"},next:{title:"Tessellation",permalink:"/brush-rendering-tutorial/Tessellation/"}},d={},v=[{value:"Intro",id:"intro",level:2},{value:"Locate stamps",id:"locate-stamps",level:2},{value:"Loop and sample stamps",id:"loop-and-sample-stamps",level:2},{value:"Square footprint",id:"square-footprint",level:2}],f={toc:v},x="wrapper";function w(a){let{components:e,...n}=a;return(0,m.kt)(x,(0,s.Z)({},f,n,{components:e,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"intro"},"Intro"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"The basic stamp stroke rendering is pretty intuitive.\nWe are given a texture called stamp texture or footprint.\nWhile a user paints on a canvas, we render the texture onto the canvas equidistantly along the drawing trace.\nWhen the textures are close enough, they seem continuous and form a stroke."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{alt:"tostroke",src:t(775).Z,width:"750",height:"234"})),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Artists love to create stamp brushes since their expressiveness and intuition.\nMore than 90% of brushes in popular paint software are stamp brushes.\nResearchers and developers have developed dozens of extra parameters\nthat can apply various aspects of stylization on a stroke.\nHow to replicate these parameters with GPU acceleration is under-researched.\nTherefore, we will focus on the most critical technique, how to place the footprints in a shader program."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A naive solution is to place a footprint at each vertex.\n",(0,m.kt)("img",{alt:"naive",src:t(899).Z,width:"1276",height:"897"}),"\n",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"Place a dot texture at each vertex.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"But it's not good enough for the most usages.\nThe rendering result of strokes depends on polylines' vertex density.\nAfter subdivision, simplification, or deformation of the polylines, the strokes get denser or sparser appearance, which ruins the rendering result.\nWe must develop methods that rendering is independent of vertex density, just like rendering 3D meshes.\nTherefore, I will introduce how to place footprints equidistantly along a polyline."),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"locate-stamps"},"Locate stamps"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"When rendering with CPU, calculating where to place stamp (stamp positions) on a polyline is pretty straightforward.\nStart from the very first vertex of the polyline,\nmove along the polyline with the stamp interval to the next stamp position,\nloop until reach the end of polyline.\nIt is trivial for experienced developers to implement the process above."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{alt:"pos",src:t(2054).Z,width:"2560",height:"1080"})),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"GPU implementation is more challenging, but still relatively straightforward.\nWe use the same approach as rendering a vanilla stroke:\nPlacing the four new vertices for each edge in the vertex shader (or the geometry shader).\nThe difference only comes to the fragment shader."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"We will calculate the stamp positions in the fragment shader.\nAt each polyline vertex, we compute its distance to the first vertex along the polyline.\nThe distances represent the cumulative length of the edges, and we calculated them with Prefix Sum algorithm."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{alt:"len",src:t(2921).Z,width:"2560",height:"1080"})),(0,m.kt)("details",null,(0,m.kt)("summary",null," Parallel prefix sum "),(0,m.kt)("p",null," There are parallel prefix sum algorithms can be implemented with compute shaders,\n",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix_sum#Parallel_algorithms"},"wiki"),".\nBy using one of them, the whole rendering process is GPU-accelerated."),(0,m.kt)("p",null," The best tutorial about parallel prefix sum I've ever found is this free course\n",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.udacity.com/course/high-performance-computing--ud281"},"High Performance Computing")," by Prof. Rich Vuduc.\nThe course introduces prefix sum in Lesson 6.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Since we place stamps equidistantly, we can calculate these positions in all pixels involved in each edge.\nThen a pixel can loop through the positions, sample the stamp textures and determine its color.\nWe compute the texture coordinate with the pixel's distance to the stamp positions and radii."),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"loop-and-sample-stamps"},"Loop and sample stamps"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A pixel can loop through all stamps on the edge invokes it.\nBut the edge can be very long and has many unnecessary stamps for a pixel to loop through.\nWe want to constrain the loop within only a segment of the edge, within which stamps can cover the current pixel.\nGiven the pixel ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"))))),", we can get this segment by solving the geometry shown in the figure below."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{alt:"range",src:t(4962).Z,width:"2560",height:"1080"})),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"I label the segment can cover the pixel 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math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"))))),".\nAny stamps outside the segment have no chance to affect the pixel's color."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"In order to get start and end points' positions, we have a geometry puzzle to solve:\n",(0,m.kt)("img",{alt:"func",src:t(8372).Z,width:"2560",height:"1080"})),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"As the figure shows, we set up the same local coordinate as vanilla stroke in the shader program.\n",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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Appendix

Copyright © 2023 Brush Rendering Tutorial by Shen Ciao, under CC BY-SA 4.0 License
- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/category/basics/index.html b/category/basics/index.html index d495e78..89fae03 100644 --- a/category/basics/index.html +++ b/category/basics/index.html @@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ Basics | Brush Rendering Tutorial - +

Basics

Copyright © 2023 Brush Rendering Tutorial by Shen Ciao, under CC BY-SA 4.0 License
- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 01d18dd..2d83668 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Table of Contents | Brush Rendering Tutorial - + @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ The pattern is achieved by setting the intervals between dots proportional to their radii. You will learn how to freely control stamp density along a stamp stroke. Very important for a serious project.

3D stroke​

Learn how to extend the algorithms to 3D space.

I'm integrating it into the Blender Grease Pencil:

Copyright © 2023 Brush Rendering Tutorial by Shen Ciao, under CC BY-SA 4.0 License
- + \ No newline at end of file