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Parts of Speech, Word Classes and Dictionary

(nasin nimi)

This creative work by Stephan Schneider is based on the official Toki Pona book and website: http://tokipona.org

Parts of Speech and Word Classes

There are two word classes: content words (i.e. these parts of speech: adjectives, prepositions, verbs, auxiliaries (or "pre-verbs") and nouns) and particles (i.e. these parts of speech: markers, conjunctions and onomatopeia). As a rule of thumb, you can change the part of speech of any content word, but you can't change the part of speech of a particle.

But there are restrictions and loopholes in Toki Pona: auxiliaries (or "pre-verbs") and prepositions can be converted into nouns, adjectives and verbs, but not the other way around. Also, an onomatopeia can be converted into a content word meaning the name ... or the sound ..., and a content word can be used as an onomatopeia, e.g. nanpa.

Dictionary

(nimi ale)

  • ᴄʟᴀꜱꜱɪᴄ
  • ᴘɪᴊᴇ
  • ᴋɪᴘᴏ
ꜱɪᴛᴇʟᴇɴ ᴋᴏɴ

a		 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ: ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ (emotion word), (⇐ ᴄʟᴀꜱꜱɪᴄ kin) (emphasis or confirmation)
ᴀᴅᴠᴇʀʙ so; ha, wow, yay: (sama la + a ⇐ ᴄʟᴀꜱꜱɪᴄ kin) also, (⇐ ᴄʟᴀꜱꜱɪᴄ kin) indeed, (awen la + a ⇐ ᴘɪᴊᴇ kin) still, (sin la + a ⇐ ᴄʟᴀꜱꜱɪᴄ kin) too; (⇒ lon)

akesi		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ʟɪꜰᴇ-ꜰᴏʀᴍ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ cold-blooded, monstrous, (ᴋɪᴘᴏ) treacherous: (pipi akesi ⇐ ᴄʟᴀꜱꜱɪᴄ akesi) arthropod, (toki akesi ⇐ ᴋɪᴘᴏ powe) to deceive; (⇒ ike)
ɴᴏᴜɴ non-cute animal; amphibian, reptile; (⇐ ᴋɪᴘᴏ monsuta) monster: (pilin akesi tan ⇐ ᴋɪᴘᴏ monsuta e) to fear; (jan akesi ⇐ ᴋɪᴘᴏ monsuta) boogeyman; (pilin akesi ⇐ ᴋɪᴘᴏ monsuta) fear

ala		 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ: ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ (negation)
ᴀᴅᴠᴇʀʙ not
ɴᴏᴜɴ nothingness
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ zero, 0; no: (ijo ala ⇐ ᴄʟᴀꜱꜱɪᴄ ala) nothing
ɴᴏᴜɴ zero

alasa		 ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴠᴇʀʙ to hunt, forage; (⇒ ᴋɪᴘᴏ lukin)
ɴᴏᴜɴ (ᴋɪᴘᴏ) prey

ale		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴄᴏʀʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ⇐ ali
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (mute ale) all, every; (wan ale) all
ɴᴏᴜɴ everything; (⇒ ma)
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ∞, countless
ɴᴏᴜɴ infinity; 100
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ abundant, bountiful, plentiful
ɴᴏᴜɴ abundance; life, universe

anpa		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (⇒ noka): (kama anpa) downward; bowing down; deep
ɴᴏᴜɴ (⇒ noka); abyss; (⇐ ᴋɪᴘᴏ apeja) hell
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ humble, lowly; dependent; (⇐ ᴋɪᴘᴏ apeja) guilty, shameful;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to conquer; (⇐ ᴋɪᴘᴏ apeja) to condemn, punish;
ɴᴏᴜɴ powerlessness; (⇐ ᴋɪᴘᴏ apeja) guilt, shame
ɴᴏᴜɴ (⇐ ᴋɪᴘᴏ apeja) devil

ante		 ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ (⇒ poka); (⇒ poka ⇐ esun)
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ altered, changed, different; (⇐ esun) else, exchanged, other; (⇐ esun ⇐ sin) replaced
ɴᴏᴜɴ (kama ante) change

anu		 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ: ᴄᴏɴᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ (alternative), or

awen		 ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ to continue to
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ continuous
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ enduring, kept; (pi nanpa/tenpo awen) current, present; (awen lon) staying; (awen open) waiting; (tomo);
ᴠᴇʀʙ (tomo)

e		 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ: ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ (before the direct ᴏʙᴊᴇᴄᴛ)

en		 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ: ᴄᴏɴᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ (between multiple ꜱᴜʙᴊᴇᴄᴛs), and

esun		 ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ (⇒ ante)
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (⇒ ante); (⇒ ante ⇐ sin)
ɴᴏᴜɴ (kama esun) exchange; (esun pali) business transaction; (tomo esun) shop; (ma esun) bazaar, fair, market
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ 7, seven
ɴᴏᴜɴ septet: (sike esun) week

ijo		 ɴᴏᴜɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ being, matter, object, phenomenon, something, thing;
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ something's

ike		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ bad, harmful, needless, negative; (⇐ akesi) hostile; (sin ike) irrelevant, non-essential;
ɴᴏᴜɴ bad things, evil, fault, negativity, non-essentials

ilo		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (⇒ pona)
ɴᴏᴜɴ device, implement, machine, tool

insa		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ central; inner
ɴᴏᴜɴ centre: (lon insa) between, (lon insa) (tangentially) between; inside: (lon insa) within, (lon insa) in
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ internal
ɴᴏᴜɴ content
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ intermediary; (⇐ nasin) connecting, continuous
ɴᴏᴜɴ internal organ: stomach, womb; (nasin pi insa palisa) joint; (⇐ nasin) connection
ᴠᴇʀʙ (⇐ nasin) to connect

jaki		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ bitter, disgusting, obscene, sickly, toxic, unclean, unsanitary, yucky
ɴᴏᴜɴ dirt, poison, waste

jan		 ɴᴏᴜɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ folks, guy, human being, person/people, somebody;
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ somebody's

jan		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ yellow, (jelo mu) yellowish

jo		 ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴠᴇʀʙ to have; carry, contain, hold; (kama jo e ijo tan) fetch, pick
ɴᴏᴜɴ property

kala		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ʟɪꜰᴇ-ꜰᴏʀᴍ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ diving, swimming
ɴᴏᴜɴ fish, marine animal, sea creature

kalama		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ producing a sound
ᴠᴇʀʙ to recite, utter aloud
ɴᴏᴜɴ noise

kama		 ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ to become: (kama lon) arriving, being summoned, coming; (kama pini) manage to, succeed in
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ successful
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ emerging: (pi tenpo kama) future, (pi nanpa kama) next;
ᴠᴇʀʙ (⇒ open)
ɴᴏᴜɴ (⇒ open)

kasi		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ʟɪꜰᴇ-ꜰᴏʀᴍ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ vegetating; growing
ɴᴏᴜɴ plant, vegetation; herb, leaf

ken		 ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ to be able to, be allowed to, can, may
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ possible

kepeken		 ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ by means of, using, with
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ usufructuary

kili		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ hanging
ɴᴏᴜɴ fruit; banana, blueberry, kiwi, kumquat, lingonberry, orange; mushroom, vegetable; turnip

kiwen		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ hard, sharp; rigid
ɴᴏᴜɴ hard object: bone, metal, rock, stone

ko		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ semi-solid
ɴᴏᴜɴ semi-solid: clay, clinging form, dough, paste, powder

kon		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ floating, hovering
ɴᴏᴜɴ air, breath; essence, spirit; meaning, soul; hidden reality, unseen agent

kule		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ colourful, painted; pigmented; (⇐ kapesi) brown, (kule mu) brownish

kulupu		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (⇒ sama)
ɴᴏᴜɴ relationship; (kulupu jan) community, company, group, nation, society, tribe; (⇐ lawa) arrangement, organization; (⇐ mute) trio; multitude, set

kute		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ ear;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to hear, listen; (kute insa) listen to, pay attention to, obey

la		 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ: ᴄᴏɴᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ (between the ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇxᴛ ᴘʜʀᴀꜱᴇ and the ᴍᴀɪɴ ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ), (separates ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇxᴛ from ᴍᴀɪɴ ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ)

lape		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ resting, sleeping;
ɴᴏᴜɴ sleep

laso		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ blue, (laso mu) bluish, green, (laso mu) greenish; immature; (⇒ walo)

lawa		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (⇒ sewi); (⇒ sewi ⇒ nanpa wan)
ɴᴏᴜɴ (⇒ sewi)
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ head; mind;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to control, direct, guide, lead, own, plan, regulate, rule; arrange, organize;
ɴᴏᴜɴ (⇒ kulupu);
ɴᴏᴜɴ guidance

len		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ covering
ɴᴏᴜɴ fur; cloth, clothing, fabric, textile, vest; cover, layer of privacy;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to hide

lete		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ cold, cool; uncooked, raw
ɴᴏᴜɴ frost, ice

li		 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ: ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ (indicative), (between any ꜱᴜʙᴊᴇᴄᴛ except mi alone or sina alone and its ᴘʀᴇᴅɪᴄᴀᴛᴇ; also to introduce a new ᴘʀᴇᴅɪᴄᴀᴛᴇ for the same ꜱᴜʙᴊᴇᴄᴛ)

lili		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ little, micro-, narrow, small, short; (pi tenpo lili) momentary, temporary; 120, few; a bit: (tu lili e ijo) to half something; (pi sike suno lili) young; (⇒ pona)
ɴᴏᴜɴ (⇐ kipisi) building block, detail, element, member, unit; part, particle, piece

linja		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ long and flexible
ɴᴏᴜɴ long flexible thing: chain, cord, (linja lawa) hair, rope, string, thread, yarn; curve, line; row; (⇒ palisa)

lipu		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ flat, thin
ɴᴏᴜɴ flat object: (mute lipu) book, card, clay tablet, document, paper, piece of paper, postcard, printed book, record, website; plane

loje		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ red, (loje mu) reddish

lon		 ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ at, located at, present at; in the context of: (lon ni: = , la) if, when; (⇐ sama ⇐ pu) according to, along
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ existing, real; (pi ijo pi ijo lon) true;
ᴀᴅᴠᴇʀʙ (⇐ a) yes

luka		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ reachable
ɴᴏᴜɴ range
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ arm, fingers, hand, tactile organ;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to touch
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ 5, five
ɴᴏᴜɴ quintet

lukin		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ (⇐ oko) eye;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to look at, see; (lukin wawa) examine, observe, read, search, watch
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ try to; (⇐ ᴋɪᴘᴏ alasa) to seek to: (lukin jo) to look for
ᴠᴇʀʙ to care for

lupa		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ concave, empty, hollow
ɴᴏᴜɴ cave, orifice: (lupa meli) womb; (⇐ open) entrance, hole: (lupa tomo) door, (lupa suno) window

ma		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ contextual, outside; firm, fixed
ɴᴏᴜɴ outdoors: context, world; area (⇐ ale); (sike ma) planet
ᴠᴇʀʙ to orient, tie
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ɴᴏᴜɴ earth, land, soil; (ma jan) country, territory

mama		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴘᴇʀꜱᴏɴ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (mama ⇐ sijelo e ijo) birth-giving; (jo e mama ⇐ sijelo) being born; of origin
ɴᴏᴜɴ parent; (mama mije) father, (mama meli) mother; ancestor; caretaker, sustainer; creator, originator; (⇐ tan) origin

mani		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ domesticated, refined; valueable
ɴᴏᴜɴ large domesticated animal; cash, money, savings, wealth

meli		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴘᴇʀꜱᴏɴ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ female
ɴᴏᴜɴ female, feminine person, woman; wife

mi		 ɴᴏᴜɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ I/me/myself, we/us/ourselves;
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ my, our

mije		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴘᴇʀꜱᴏɴ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ male
ɴᴏᴜɴ male, man, masculine person; husband

moku		 ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴠᴇʀʙ to consume, drink, ingest, swallow; eat;
ɴᴏᴜɴ the act of eating
ɴᴏᴜɴ food

moli		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ dead: (kama moli) dying

monsi		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ rear
ɴᴏᴜɴ area behind, back, rear: (lon monsi) behind
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ dorsal
ɴᴏᴜɴ back; backbone;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to endorse

mu		 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ: ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ (animal noise or communication); (indifference)
ᴀᴅᴠᴇʀʙ (mu) -ish, sort-of; cock-a-doodle-doo, moo; blah

mun		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ orbiting, sky-walking
ɴᴏᴜɴ night sky object: moon, star

musi		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ artistic, entertaining, frivolous, playful, recreational
ɴᴏᴜɴ game;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to play with

mute		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ 3+, 20, a lot, many, several;
ᴀᴅᴠᴇʀʙ much, very; (mute sin) more;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to multiply
ɴᴏᴜɴ amount, quantity
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (⇐ tuli) 3, three;
ɴᴏᴜɴ (⇒ kulupu)

nanpa		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ to be one's turn
ɴᴏᴜɴ one's turn; (nanpa wan ⇐ sewi ⇐ lawa) main, most fundamental; priority; (nimi nanpa) numbers;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to iterate; count; calculate
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ: ɴᴀᴍᴇ
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ (ordinal number), -th

nasa		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ strange, unconventional, unusual; (pi sona nasa) crazy, foolish; (pi pilin nasa) drunk, intoxicated

nasin		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (⇒ insa)
ɴᴏᴜɴ (⇒ insa); dimension; passage, path, road, street, way; direction; custom, doctrine, method, system, way of doing things;
ᴠᴇʀʙ (⇒ insa)

nena		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ convex, full, outstanding, thick
ɴᴏᴜɴ (⇐ kapa) bump, hill, mountain, protuberance; button; (nena pi sinpin lawa) nose

ni		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴄᴏʀʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ that, this
ɴᴏᴜɴ (ni:) the following

nimi		 ᴠᴇʀʙ
ɴᴏᴜɴ name; word
ᴠᴇʀʙ to call, define

noka		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ bottom; (⇐ anpa) low, lower
ɴᴏᴜɴ lowest part; bottom, foundation: (lon noka) at the bottom of; (⇐ anpa) area below or under: (lon noka) below, under; depending on
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ stable; ordinary, usual
ɴᴏᴜɴ foot, leg, organ of locomotion;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to step on, kick

o		 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ: ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ (deontic) (vocative or imperative), (call or command), (shows who is being called or addressed; command or request; wish or desire), hey, o

olin		 ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴠᴇʀʙ to be a fan of, have compassion for, love, respect, show affection to;
ɴᴏᴜɴ love;
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ beloved

ona		 ɴᴏᴜɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ (⇐ iki) he/him, it, she/her, they/them;
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (⇐ iki) her, his, its, their

open		 ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ to be ready to
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ready;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to let, set up, turn on
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ accessible, open;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to open, unseal; (⇐ kama) begin, start;
ɴᴏᴜɴ (⇒ lupa); (⇐ kama) beginning, start: (lon open pi) before, (tan open pi) for, since ... ago, (tawa open pi) until

pakala		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ botched, broken, damaged, harmed, messed up

pali		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ busy, serious
ɴᴏᴜɴ business, work;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to do, take action on, work on; (pali e kama pi) build, make, prepare;
ɴᴏᴜɴ action

palisa		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ long and hard
ɴᴏᴜɴ long hard thing: antler, bone, branch, rod, stick; column; (palisa uta ⇐ linja uta) tongue
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ finger;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to point at; identify

pan		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ fallen, dropped; sown
ɴᴏᴜɴ seed; cereal, grain; barley, corn, oat, rice, wheat; bread, pasta

pana		 ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴠᴇʀʙ to emit, give, grant, provide, (pana e ijo lon) put, release, (pana e ijo tawa) send, send out, serve
ɴᴏᴜɴ gift

pi		 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ: ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ (divides a second ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴘʜʀᴀꜱᴇ that describes a first ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴘʜʀᴀꜱᴇ), of

pilin		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ heart (physical or emotional);
ᴠᴇʀʙ to sense;
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ feeling (a direct experience)
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ to feel like: (pilin wile utala) to be angry
ᴠᴇʀʙ to have the impression that, think;
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ feeling (an emotion)

pimeja		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ black, (pimeja mu) blackish; (⇐ kapesi) grey
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ dark, unlit
ɴᴏᴜɴ shadow

pini		 ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ to stop -ing
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ stopped; (⇐ selo) closed
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ago, completed, ended, finished: (pi tenpo pini) past; (pi nanpa pini) last, previous
ɴᴏᴜɴ end: (lon pini pi) after, in the end, (tan pini pi) since

pipi		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ʟɪꜰᴇ-ꜰᴏʀᴍ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ crawling, creeping
ɴᴏᴜɴ ant, bug, insect, spider

poka		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ nearby; (poka sike) surrounding
ɴᴏᴜɴ area beside, vicinity: (lon poka) next to, (lon poka ⇐ kan) among, with; (poka sike) area surrounding: (lon poka sike) around; (lon poka ante ⇐ ante) than, unlike; (lon poka ante ⇐ ante ⇐ esun) instead of
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ lateral
ɴᴏᴜɴ side, (mute pi poka tu tu sama ⇐ leko) square; (poka sijelo) hip

poki		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ bag, bowl, box, container, cup, cupboard, drawer, vessel; bladder;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to contain

pona		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ beneficial, beautiful, good: of good, great, OK, positive, right; friendly, peaceful; (⇒ suwi ⇐ soweli); (⇐ ilo) useful; (⇐ lili ⇐ pasila) basic, elementary, primitive, simple;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to improve, tidy up;
ɴᴏᴜɴ good, peace, simplicity, sophistication

pu		 ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ (⇒ sama ⇒ lon)
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ compatible, compliant; (pu lipu Pu) interacting with the official Toki Pona book
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ: ɴᴀᴍᴇ
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ name of the official Toki Pona book: (lipu Pu) the official Toki Pona book, Pu

sama		 ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ as, like; (⇒ lon ⇐ pu)
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ same, similar; (pi kulupu sama) fellow, in common, shared: (jan pi kulupu sama) peer, (jan pi kulupu mama sama ⇐ pata) sibling; (⇐ kulupu) each other, reciprocal; -self, -selves;
ɴᴏᴜɴ harmony

seli		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ hot, warm; cooked
ɴᴏᴜɴ chemical reaction, fire, heat source; cooking element;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to cook

selo		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (⇒ pini)
ɴᴏᴜɴ form, outer form, outer layer; bark, peel, shell, skin; boundary

seme		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴄᴏʀʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ what, which
ɴᴏᴜɴ what, which one

sewi		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ high; (⇐ lawa) upper; (⇒ nanpa wan ⇐ lawa)
ɴᴏᴜɴ area above: (lon sewi) above, over; something elevated; sky; heaven; (⇐ lawa) highest part: (lon sewi) at the top of
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ awe-inspiring, divine, sacred, supernatural
ɴᴏᴜɴ the Divine, that which is divine, God, the Lord

sijelo		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ alive, healthy, surviving;
ɴᴏᴜɴ health, physical state; configuration, mode
ɴᴏᴜɴ life-form; body (of person or animal), torso;
ᴠᴇʀʙ (⇒ mama pi)

sike		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ round; (⇒ pini);
ᴠᴇʀʙ to fulfil: (sike e sike suno) to have one's birthday
ɴᴏᴜɴ round or circular thing: ball, circle, sphere, wheel; cycle; age; lap: (sike suno) year;
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (sike suno) of one year, (pi sike suno mute ⇐ majuna) old

sin		 ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ in addition to, with
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ new, fresh; (⇐ namako) additional, another, extra; artificial, enhanced; (⇒ esun ⇒ ante)

sina		 ɴᴏᴜɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ you/thou/thee/thyself; the person who;
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ your/thy

sinpin		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ foremost
ɴᴏᴜɴ area in front: (lon sinpin) in front of
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ upright, vertical
ɴᴏᴜɴ front, wall; (sinpin sijelo) chest, (sinpin lawa) face;
ᴠᴇʀʙ (⇐ pake) to block; to confront, face

sitelen		 ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴠᴇʀʙ to draw, indicate, project, represent, sculpture
ɴᴏᴜɴ image, picture, projection, representation, sculpture, symbol, mark, writing

sona		 ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴠᴇʀʙ to be skilled in; to be knowledgeable of, be wise about, have information on, know, (toki e sona) testify
ɴᴏᴜɴ insight, knowledge, wisdom
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ to know how to

soweli		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ʟɪꜰᴇ-ꜰᴏʀᴍ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ warm-blooded; (⇒ pona ⇒ suwi)
ɴᴏᴜɴ cute animal; animal, beast, land mammal; badger, hare, moose; (⇐ kijetesantakalu) Procyonidae; meat

suli		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ big, heavy, large, long, tall; important; responsible; adult;
ᴠᴇʀʙ enlarge
ɴᴏᴜɴ cargo; role

suno		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ bright;
ɴᴏᴜɴ brightness, glow, light, radiance, shine
ɴᴏᴜɴ sun; light source

supa		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ horizontal, parallel
ɴᴏᴜɴ horizon, horizontal surface: (lon supa) on
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ sustaining
ɴᴏᴜɴ thing to put or rest something on: (lon supa) lying on, sitting on; sofa; (supa sinpin ⇐ leko) block; (supa noka) step; (mute pi supa noka ⇐ leko) ladder, stairs

suwi		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ fragrant, sweet; adorable, cute; (⇐ pona ⇐ soweli) innocent
ɴᴏᴜɴ sweets

tan		 ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ because of, by, from
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (⇒ tawa)

taso		 ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ free from, independent from, without; (taso ni la) but, however
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ just, only

tawa		 ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ going to, to, moving to, toward, towards; for; from the perspective of
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ moving, (tawa wawa) running, (kama tawa ⇐ tan) leaving: departure

telo		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ wet
ɴᴏᴜɴ fluid, liquid, (telo suli) lake, water, wet substance; beverage;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to water

tenpo		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ephemeral, provisional, transitory
ɴᴏᴜɴ moment, occasion, period, situation, time: (lon tenpo) for; (⇐ awen) duration: (lon tenpo) as long as, during, while

toki		 ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴠᴇʀʙ to communicate, explain, say, speak; think;
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ talking, using language;
ɴᴏᴜɴ communication, speech; language: (lon toki) in, something that you speak
ɴᴏᴜɴ message, (toki pi ijo sin) news

tomo		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ roof, shelter: (lon tomo ⇒ awen) protected, safe; indoor space: building, home, house, room, shed
ᴠᴇʀʙ (awen) to help in peril, protect

tu		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ 2, two: (tu tu ⇐ po) four
ɴᴏᴜɴ pair

unpa		 ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴠᴇʀʙ to have sex with

uta		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ jaw, lips, mouth, oral cavity;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to kiss, suck, taste

utala		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ aggressive;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to attack, battle, challenge, compete against, fight, provoke, struggle against;
ɴᴏᴜɴ battle, fighting

walo		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ white, (walo mu) whitish; light-coloured, (⇐ laso) pale

wan		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ 1, one; (wan ale) united
ɴᴏᴜɴ singleton
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴄᴏʀʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ (wan) certain, specific; unique

waso		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ʟɪꜰᴇ-ꜰᴏʀᴍ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ flying, winging
ɴᴏᴜɴ bird, flying creature, winged animal

wawa		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ energetic; powerful, stable, strong; independent; (sona wawa) dependable, reliable, sure; (toki wawa) confident; (kalama wawa) loud, intense;
ᴠᴇʀʙ strengthen; (wawa e toki ni:) to bear witness that
ɴᴏᴜɴ might, power; force

weka		 ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ absent, away, remote; ignored, isolated;
ɴᴏᴜɴ isolation;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to eliminate, erase, omit, remove
ɴᴏᴜɴ distance: (lon weka pi) away from
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ vast
ɴᴏᴜɴ space; vacuum, void

wile		 ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ must, need, require, should, want, wish; (tan wile ijo la = wile) to be bound to, can't help but
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ inevitable, necessary;
ᴠᴇʀʙ to enforce;
ɴᴏᴜɴ necessity

CONTENT WORD

(nimi suli)
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴠᴇʀʙ: ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ
ɴᴏᴜɴ: ᴘʀᴏɴᴏᴜɴ
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ

ADJECTIVE

(nimi suli poka)

  • pona — ike, nasa, pakala, utala
  • jelo, laso, loje
  • kalama
  • walo — kule, pimeja
  • lape, moli
ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ pona
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ peaceful

PREPOSITION

(nimi suli poka palisa)

  • ante ⇐ esun — sama ⇐ pu
  • lon ⇐ kepeken — tan, tawa
  • sin — taso

You can convert any ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ into an ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ meaning being ... omitting its argument.

ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ tawa
ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ towards
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ being towards = going

A prepositional phrase can only be used at the end of a sentence.

mi pana e kala tawa ona.
I give fish to her.

When a ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ is used both as ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ and ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ, the ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ is omitted.

mi tawa tawa sina.
I am going towards you.

VERB

(nimi suli luka)
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ

You can convert any ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ into a ᴠᴇʀʙ meaning to make ....

ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ pona
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ peaceful
ᴠᴇʀʙ to make peaceful = to pacify

You can convert any ᴠᴇʀʙ into an ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ meaning who ....

ᴠᴇʀʙ moku
ᴠᴇʀʙ to eat
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ who eats = eating

PRE-VERB

(nimi suli luka poka)

When the ᴍᴀɪɴ ᴄʟᴀᴜꜱᴇ describes the modality of the ꜱᴜʙᴏʀᴅɪɴᴀᴛᴇ ᴄʟᴀᴜꜱᴇ with an ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ, the ᴍᴀɪɴ ᴄʟᴀᴜꜱᴇ's ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ can become the ꜱᴜʙᴏʀᴅɪɴᴀᴛᴇ ᴄʟᴀᴜꜱᴇ's ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ.

ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ ken ni li ken: mi toki. → mi ken toki.
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ can
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ possible		 I can talk.

When ᴍᴀɪɴ ᴄʟᴀᴜꜱᴇ and ꜱᴜʙᴏʀᴅɪɴᴀᴛᴇ ᴄʟᴀᴜꜱᴇ share the same ꜱᴜʙᴊᴇᴄᴛ, the ᴍᴀɪɴ ᴄʟᴀᴜꜱᴇ's ᴠᴇʀʙ can become the ꜱᴜʙᴏʀᴅɪɴᴀᴛᴇ ᴄʟᴀᴜꜱᴇ's ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ.

ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ sona mi sona e (nasin) ni: mi toki. → mi sona toki.
ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙ to know how to
ᴠᴇʀʙ to know		 I know how to talk.

NOUN

(nimi suli lawa)

  • ijo, jan
ᴘʀᴏɴᴏᴜɴ

You can convert any ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ into a ɴᴏᴜɴ meaning the state of being ....

ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ pona
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ peaceful
ɴᴏᴜɴ the state of being peaceful = peace

You can convert any ᴠᴇʀʙ via an ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ into a ɴᴏᴜɴ meaning the act of ....

ᴠᴇʀʙ moku
ᴠᴇʀʙ to eat
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ eating
ɴᴏᴜɴ the state of being eating = the act of eating

You can convert any ᴠᴇʀʙ into a ɴᴏᴜɴ meaning something that you ....

ᴠᴇʀʙ moku
ᴠᴇʀʙ to eat
ɴᴏᴜɴ something that you eat = food

You can convert any ɴᴏᴜɴ into an ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ meaning of ... or into a ᴠᴇʀʙ meaning to use ... on.

ɴᴏᴜɴ jan ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ seli
ɴᴏᴜɴ someone
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ of someone = someone's		 ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ hot
ɴᴏᴜɴ that which is hot = fire
ᴠᴇʀʙ to use fire on = to cook

PRONOUN

(nimi suli lawa sama)

  • ona — mi, sina
ɴᴏᴜɴ sina
ɴᴏᴜɴ you
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ of you = your

NOUN ADJECTIVE

(nimi suli poka pi nimi suli lawa)
ᴘᴇʀꜱᴏɴ
ᴏʀɢᴀɴ
ʟɪꜰᴇ-ꜰᴏʀᴍ
ᴛʜɪɴɢ
ᴄᴏʀʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ
ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ
ᴀʀᴇᴀ

You can convert any ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ into a ɴᴏᴜɴ meaning that which is .... Its specific usage can be looked up in the Dictionary.

ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ sewi
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ divine
ɴᴏᴜɴ that which is divine = God

PERSON

(nimi suli poka jan)

  • mama — meli, mije
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴘᴇʀꜱᴏɴ meli
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ female
ɴᴏᴜɴ feminine person = woman

ORGAN

(nimi suli poka ilo)

ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴏʀɢᴀɴ lukin
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ light-sensitive
ɴᴏᴜɴ light-sensitive organ = eye
ᴠᴇʀʙ to use eyes on = to see

LIFE-FORM

(nimi suli poka sijelo)

  • akesi — soweli
  • kala, kasi, pipi, waso
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ʟɪꜰᴇ-ꜰᴏʀᴍ waso
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ swimming
ɴᴏᴜɴ swimming life-form = fish

THING

(nimi suli poka ijo)

  • anpa — sewi, supa + ᴀʀᴇᴀ
  • insa — ma + ᴀʀᴇᴀ
  • jaki — suwi
  • kili, pan
  • kiwen, ko, kon, telo
  • kulupu, sijelo
  • lete — seli
  • lili — ale, ilo, mani, mute, suli, wawa
  • linja — palisa
  • lipu — lupa, nena
  • monsi — sinpin + ᴀʀᴇᴀ
  • mun, sike
  • musi — pali
  • pimeja — suno
  • poka — weka + ᴀʀᴇᴀ
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴛʜɪɴɢ sike
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ round
ɴᴏᴜɴ round thing = circle, ball

CORRELATIVE

(nimi suli poka sama)

  • ale, ni, seme, wan
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴄᴏʀʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ale
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ every
ɴᴏᴜɴ every thing = everything

You can convert any ᴄᴏʀʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ into an ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ meaning of ... using pi ijo.

ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴘʜʀᴀꜱᴇ mama pi ijo ale
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴘʜʀᴀꜱᴇ parent of everything

Sentences described by the correlative ni act like subordinate clauses.

ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ mi sona e ni: mi anpa.
ᴍᴀɪɴ ᴄʟᴀᴜꜱᴇ + ꜱᴜʙᴏʀᴅɪɴᴀᴛᴇ ᴄʟᴀᴜꜱᴇ I know that I'm powerless.

You can convert any ᴄᴏʀʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ into an ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ meaning doing ....

ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ ona li seme?
ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ What is she doing?

NUMBER

(nimi suli poka nanpa)

  • ala, ale, esun, luka
  • mute, tu, wan
ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ tu
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ two
ɴᴏᴜɴ two things = pair

AREA

(nimi suli poka pi ijo ale)

ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ: ᴀʀᴇᴀ insa
ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ inner
ɴᴏᴜɴ inner area = innards

PARTICLE

(nimi lili)
ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ: ᴍᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ, ᴄᴀꜱᴇ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ
ᴄᴏɴᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ: ᴀɴᴅ, ᴏʀ, ɪꜰ-ᴛʜᴇɴ
ᴏɴᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏᴘᴇɪᴀ: ɴᴀᴍᴇ, ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ

ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇs can only be used as ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇs. (Only ᴏɴᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏᴘᴇɪᴀs can be both ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇs and ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛ ᴡᴏʀᴅs.)

MARKER

(nimi lili lawa)
ᴍᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ: ɪɴᴅɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴍᴏᴏᴅ, ᴅᴇᴏɴᴛɪᴄ ᴍᴏᴏᴅ
ᴄᴀꜱᴇ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ: ɢᴇɴɪᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴄᴀꜱᴇ, ᴀᴄᴄᴜꜱᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴄᴀꜱᴇ

MOOD MARKER
ɪɴᴅɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴍᴏᴏᴅ: li
ᴅᴇᴏɴᴛɪᴄ ᴍᴏᴏᴅ: o
INDICATIVE

(nimi lili lawa "li")

The ᴍᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ li marks the ᴘʀᴇᴅɪᴄᴀᴛᴇ of a ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ as ɪɴᴅɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ.

ona li mama. ona li mama ala.
She is a parent. She is not a parent.

When there is enough context, a ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ can be reduced to its ᴍᴀɪɴ ᴠᴇʀʙ or even to the ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ that modifies it.

ona li mama anu seme? ona li mama. → mama. ona li mama ala. → mama ala. → ala.
Is she a parent? Yes. No.

If the ꜱᴜʙᴊᴇᴄᴛ is just mi or sina, the ᴍᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ li is omitted.

mi mije. sina sin.
I am a man. You are new.
DEONTIC

(nimi lili lawa "o")

The ᴍᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ o marks a ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ as ᴅᴇᴏɴᴛɪᴄ (i.e. ᴠᴏʟɪᴛɪᴠᴇ, ᴠᴏᴄᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ or ɪᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ).

ᴠᴏʟɪᴛɪᴠᴇ mi o moku e ijo pona.
I should eat good things.

sina is omitted in an ɪᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ.

ᴠᴏʟɪᴛɪᴠᴇ sina o moku. → ɪᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ o moku!
You should eat. → Eat!

ᴠᴏᴄᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇs don't have a ᴘʀᴇᴅɪᴄᴀᴛᴇ.

ᴠᴏᴄᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ jan Ali o!
Hey Ali!

A combination of ᴠᴏᴄᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ and ɪᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ is always replaced by a ᴠᴏʟɪᴛɪᴠᴇ.

ᴠᴏᴄᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ + ɪᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ jan Ali o, o wawa! → ᴠᴏʟɪᴛɪᴠᴇ jan Ali o wawa!
Hey Ali, be strong!

A ᴠᴏʟɪᴛɪᴠᴇ can be reduced to the ᴏʙᴊᴇᴄᴛ of the ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ, expressing a wish.

ᴠᴏʟɪᴛɪᴠᴇ sina o jo e moku pona. → moku pona!
May you have a good meal. → Bon appétit!

CASE MARKER
ɢᴇɴɪᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴄᴀꜱᴇ: pi
ᴀᴄᴄᴜꜱᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴄᴀꜱᴇ: e
GENITIVE

(nimi lili lawa "pi")

The ᴄᴀꜱᴇ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ pi marks a ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴘʜʀᴀꜱᴇ that can be translated as a ɢᴇɴɪᴛɪᴠᴇ or as an ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ. A ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ shouldn't have more than one ɢᴇɴɪᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴘʜʀᴀꜱᴇ.

jan pi pona mute
a person of much good → a very good person

When the ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴘʜʀᴀꜱᴇ consists of only one ɴᴏᴜɴ, the ᴄᴀꜱᴇ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ pi is omitted.

toki pona
the language of good → the good language
ACCUSATIVE

(nimi lili lawa "e")

The ᴄᴀꜱᴇ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ e marks a ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴘʜʀᴀꜱᴇ as an ᴀᴄᴄᴜꜱᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ, i.e. the ᴍᴀɪɴ ᴠᴇʀʙ's ᴏʙᴊᴇᴄᴛ.

When there is enough context, the ᴏʙᴊᴇᴄᴛ of a ᴠᴇʀʙ can be omitted.

mije li sona e ijo/ni/ona. → mije li sona.
The men know things/that/it. → The men know.

CONJUNCTION

(nimi lili insa)
ᴀɴᴅ
ᴏʀ
ɪꜰ-ᴛʜᴇɴ

AND

(nimi lili insa "en")

The ᴄᴏɴᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ en means and. It combines two ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴘʜʀᴀꜱᴇs into one.

ᴄᴏɴᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ en utala en pona
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ and War and Peace

In ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇs, the ᴄᴏɴᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ en can be used only between ꜱᴜʙᴊᴇᴄᴛs.

taso mije en meli li pali li pilin pona.
But men and women are working and are happy.

OR

(nimi lili insa "anu")

The ᴄᴏɴᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ anu means or. It combines two ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴘʜʀᴀꜱᴇs into one.

ᴄᴏɴᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ anu pona anu ike
ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ or friendly or hostile

In yes-no-questions, the ᴄᴏɴᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ anu is omitted between a negative and a positive ᴍᴀɪɴ ᴠᴇʀʙ.

ona li mama anu seme? → ona li mama ala anu mama?
Is she a parent?

IF-THEN

(nimi lili insa "la")

The ᴄᴏɴᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ la can be put between the ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇxᴛ ᴘʜʀᴀꜱᴇ, i.e. a ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴘʜʀᴀꜱᴇ, and the ᴍᴀɪɴ ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ.

sina pana e nimi pona tawa mi tan seme? → tan seme la sina pana e nimi pona tawa mi?
Why are you calling me good?

Before la, the ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ lon is omitted.

ona li kama lon tenpo pimeja ni. → lon tenpo pimeja ni la ona li kama.
She is coming tonight. → Tonight, she is coming.

Before la, the ᴄᴏʀʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ni: in front of a ꜱᴜʙᴏʀᴅɪɴᴀᴛᴇ ᴄʟᴀᴜꜱᴇ is omitted together with lon. In this case, la can be translated as if ... then.

jan li pona tawa mi lon ni: mi pona tawa jan. → lon ni: mi pona tawa jan, la jan li pona tawa mi.
People are good to me, if I'm good to people. → If I'm good to people, people are good to me.

ONOMATOPEIA

(nimi lili poka)
ɴᴀᴍᴇ
ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ

ᴏɴᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏᴘᴇɪᴀs are ɴᴀᴍᴇs and ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴs. They can be both ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇs and ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛ ᴡᴏʀᴅs when used without kalama.

nimi ona li kalama "Sonja". → nimi ona li Sonja. ona li kute e kalama "mu" wawa. → ona li kute e mu wawa.
Her name goes "Sonja". → Her name is Sonja. She heard a loud bleat.

NAME

ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀs can be used as ɴᴀᴍᴇs after nanpa. (Plus, the ɴᴏᴜɴ ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ nanpa itself can be used as a ɴᴀᴍᴇ.)

sina nanpa wan. toki nanpa wan
You're number one. the first language

INTERJECTION

  • mu — a, ala

ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴs and ᴘʀᴇ-ᴠᴇʀʙs can be modified by ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴs.

ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ a! o kepeken ala ilo ike. mi sona ala toki.
ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ Wow! Don't use bad tools. I don't know how to talk.