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<h1 class="post-title-main">Transformation processors</h1>
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<p>We’ll make a first transformation that adds a field to a class
and initializes it in the constructor of the current class.</p>
<h3 id="factories-and-setters-to-create-ast-elements">Factories and setters to create AST elements</h3>
<p>With <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Factory</code> (<a href="http://spoon.gforge.inria.fr/mvnsites/spoon-core/apidocs/spoon/reflect/factory/Factory.html">javadoc</a>),
you can get and create all elements of the meta model. For example, if you want
to create a class with the name “Tacos”, use the factory to create an empty class
and fill information on the created element to set its name.</p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">CtClass</span> <span class="n">newClass</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">factory</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Core</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">createClass</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="n">newClass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setSimpleName</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Tacos"</span><span class="o">);</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>First, create a new field. To do that, create the type referenced by our field.
This type is a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">java.util.List</code> which have a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">java.util.Date</code> as generic type.</p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtTypeReference</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">dateRef</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Code</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">createCtTypeReference</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtTypeReference</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">listRef</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Code</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">createCtTypeReference</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">List</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="n">listRef</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">addActualTypeArgument</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">dateRef</span><span class="o">);</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">dateRef</code>, a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CtTypeReference</code> (<a href="http://spoon.gforge.inria.fr/mvnsites/spoon-core/apidocs/spoon/reflect/reference/CtTypeReference.html">javadoc</a>),
is created by our factory from <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Date.class</code> given by Java. We also created <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">listRef</code> which
is created by our factory from <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">List.class</code> and we add our <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">dateRef</code> as actual type argument
which represents the generic type of the list.</p>
<p>Now, create the field. A field has a name, a type and private.</p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtField</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">listOfDates</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Core</span><span class="o">().<</span><span class="nc">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="n">createField</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="n">listOfDates</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setSimpleName</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"dates"</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="n">listOfDates</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setType</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">listRef</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="n">listOfDates</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">addModifier</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">ModifierKind</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">PRIVATE</span><span class="o">);</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>We have created a field named “dates”, with a private visibility and typed by our previous type reference,
<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">listRef</code>, which is <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">java.util.List<java.util.Date></code>.</p>
<p>Second, create the constructor. Before the creation of a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CtConstructor</code> (<a href="http://spoon.gforge.inria.fr/mvnsites/spoon-core/apidocs/spoon/reflect/declaration/CtConstructor.html">javadoc</a>),
create all objects necessary for this constructor and set them in the target constructor.
The constructor has a parameter typed by the same type of the field previously created
and has a body to assign the parameter to the field.</p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtCodeSnippetStatement</span> <span class="n">statementInConstructor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Code</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">createCodeSnippetStatement</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"this.dates = dates"</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtBlock</span><span class="o"><?></span> <span class="n">ctBlockOfConstructor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Code</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">createCtBlock</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">statementInConstructor</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtParameter</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">parameter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Core</span><span class="o">().<</span><span class="nc">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="n">createParameter</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="n">parameter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setType</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">listRef</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="n">parameter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setSimpleName</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"dates"</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtConstructor</span> <span class="n">constructor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Core</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">createConstructor</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="n">constructor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setBody</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">ctBlockOfConstructor</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="n">constructor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setParameters</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">Collections</span><span class="o">.<</span><span class="nc">CtParameter</span><span class="o"><?>></span><span class="n">singletonList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">parameter</span><span class="o">));</span>
<span class="n">constructor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">addModifier</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">ModifierKind</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">PUBLIC</span><span class="o">);</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><em>Wow! Wait … What is <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CtCodeSnippetStatement</code>?</em></p>
<p>You can convert any string in a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CtStatement</code> (<a href="http://spoon.gforge.inria.fr/mvnsites/spoon-core/apidocs/spoon/reflect/code/CtStatement.html">javadoc</a>)
with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">createCodeSnippetStatement(String statement)</code> or in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CtExpression</code> (<a href="http://spoon.gforge.inria.fr/mvnsites/spoon-core/apidocs/spoon/reflect/code/CtExpression.html">javadoc</a>)
with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">createCodeSnippetExpression(String expression)</code>. In our case, we convert <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">this.dates = dates</code>
in a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CtAssignement</code> (<a href="http://spoon.gforge.inria.fr/mvnsites/spoon-core/apidocs/spoon/reflect/code/CtAssignment.html">javadoc</a>)
with an assignment and an assigned element.</p>
<p>With this last example, you have created a statement that you have put in a block.
You have created a parameter typed by the same type as the field and
you have put all these objects in the constructor.</p>
<p>Finally, apply all transformations in your processor:</p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">ClassProcessor</span> <span class="kd">extends</span> <span class="nc">AbstractProcessor</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">CtClass</span><span class="o"><?>></span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="nd">@Override</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">process</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">CtClass</span><span class="o"><?></span> <span class="n">ctClass</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// Creates field.</span>
<span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtTypeReference</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">dateRef</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Code</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">createCtTypeReference</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtTypeReference</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">listRef</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Code</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">createCtTypeReference</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">List</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="n">listRef</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">addActualTypeArgument</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">dateRef</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtField</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">listOfDates</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Core</span><span class="o">().<</span><span class="nc">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="n">createField</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="n">listOfDates</span><span class="o">.<</span><span class="nc">CtField</span><span class="o">></span><span class="n">setType</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">listRef</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="n">listOfDates</span><span class="o">.<</span><span class="nc">CtField</span><span class="o">></span><span class="n">addModifier</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">ModifierKind</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">PRIVATE</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="n">listOfDates</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setSimpleName</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"dates"</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Creates constructor.</span>
<span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtCodeSnippetStatement</span> <span class="n">statementInConstructor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Code</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">createCodeSnippetStatement</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"this.dates = dates"</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtBlock</span><span class="o"><?></span> <span class="n">ctBlockOfConstructor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Code</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">createCtBlock</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">statementInConstructor</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtParameter</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">parameter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Core</span><span class="o">().<</span><span class="nc">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nc">Date</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="n">createParameter</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="n">parameter</span><span class="o">.<</span><span class="nc">CtParameter</span><span class="o">></span><span class="n">setType</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">listRef</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="n">parameter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setSimpleName</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"dates"</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="kd">final</span> <span class="nc">CtConstructor</span> <span class="n">constructor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getFactory</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">Core</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">createConstructor</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="n">constructor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setBody</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">ctBlockOfConstructor</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="n">constructor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setParameters</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">Collections</span><span class="o">.<</span><span class="nc">CtParameter</span><span class="o"><?>></span><span class="n">singletonList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">parameter</span><span class="o">));</span>
<span class="n">constructor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">addModifier</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">ModifierKind</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">PUBLIC</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Apply transformation.</span>
<span class="n">ctClass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">addField</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">listOfDates</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="n">ctClass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">addConstructor</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">constructor</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="refactoring-transformations">Refactoring transformations</h3>
<p>Spoon provides some methods for automated refactoring:.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://spoon.gforge.inria.fr/mvnsites/spoon-core/apidocs/spoon/refactoring/CtRenameLocalVariableRefactoring.html">Local Variable Refactoring</a>
class, renames local variables and includes extra checking to ensure program correctness after renaming,</li>
<li><a href="http://spoon.gforge.inria.fr/mvnsites/spoon-core/apidocs/spoon/refactoring/CtRenameGenericVariableRefactoring.html">Generic Variable Refactoring</a>
class, renames any variable type (field, parameter, local), but does not do any extra checking to ensure program correctness.</li>
<li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Refactoring</code> contains helper methods for refactoring, incl. one for automated removal of deprecated methods.</li>
</ul>
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