| layout | permalink | redirect_from |
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spider |
spider |
/seq2sql/spider |
Nov 12, 2024: We have released Spider 2.0 full paper, data and code. Follow the guideline to submit your scores to the leaderboard!
Aug 28, 2024: The early access version of Spider 2.0 (a more realistic and challenging text-to-SQL task) is now available! We expect to release the whole dataset in 1-2 weeks. As this is a preliminary release, there may be errors. Your feedback would be invaluable in refining the dataset!
Spider is a large-scale complex and cross-domain semantic parsing and text-to-SQL dataset annotated by 11 Yale students. The goal of the Spider challenge is to develop natural language interfaces to cross-domain databases. It consists of 10,181 questions and 5,693 unique complex SQL queries on 200 databases with multiple tables covering 138 different domains. In Spider 1.0, different complex SQL queries and databases appear in train and test sets. To do well on it, systems must generalize well to not only new SQL queries but also new database schemas.Why we call it "Spider"? It is because our dataset is complex and cross-domain like a spider crawling across mutiple complex(with many foreign keys) nests(databases). XLANG Lab for Building LLM/VLM Agents Spider Paper (EMNLP'18) Spider Post
Related Works from XLANG Lab: Spider 2.0 Text-to-SQL ('24) Spider2-V ('24) OSWorld ('24) DS-1000 Challenge (ICML'23) Binder Framework (ICLR '23) UnifiedSKG Framework (EMNLP'22) SParC Challenge (ACL'19) CoSQL Challenge (EMNLP'19)
- 11/12/2024 We have released Spider 2.0 full paper, data and code. Follow the guideline to submit your scores to the leaderboard.
- 08/28/2024 The early access version of Spider 2.0 (a more realistic and challenging text-to-SQL task) is now available! As this is a preliminary release, there may be errors. Your feedback would be invaluable in refining the dataset!
- 07/15/2024 Spider 2.0-vision (Benchmarking Multimodal Agents on Automating Data Science and Engineering Workflows) is out! Spider 2.0-SQL (much more realistic and challenging than Spider 1.0!) will be released in August.
- 02/05/2024
We will no longer accept submissions for Spider 1.0 evaluations or update its leaderboard. The test set of Spider 1.0 has already been released (check the Spider dataset link below). Look forward to the release of Spider 2.0, a more realistic and challenging benchmark in the era of LLMs, expected this
MarchJune. Stay tuned! - 08/10/2023 Please check out XLANG Lab for Building LLM/VLM Agents!
- 05/27/2023 Please check out Dr.Spider, a robustness evaluation benchmark based on Spider, from AWS AI Lab for studying robustness in semantic parsing!
- 11/20/2022 Please check out our recent work DS-1000: A Natural and Reliable Benchmark for Data Science Code Generation. Please check out examples, data, and code on the DS-1000 project site!!
- 10/18/2022 Please check out our recent work Binder: an easy but sota neural-symbolic built on GPT-3 Codex & SQL/Python interpreter. It injects GPT-3 Codex prompt API calls in programming languages! Please check out Binder demo, code, paper, and video on the Binder project site!!
- 01/18/2022 Please check out our recent work UnifiedSKG: Unifying and Multi-Tasking Structured Knowledge Grounding with Text-to-Text Language Models. We open-sourced simple but SOTA/strong models for 21 tasks including text-to-SQL! Please check out our code in the UnifiedSKG repo!!
- 03/11/2021 Please check out a nice work from Google Research (including new Spider splits) for studying compositional generalization in semantic parsing!
- 11/15/2020 We will use Test Suite Accuracy as our official evaluation metric for Spider, SParC, and CoSQL. Please find the evaluation code from here. Also, Notice that Test results after May 02, 2020 are reported on the new release (collected some annotation errors).
- 08/03/2020 Corrected "column_name" and "column_name_original" mismatches in 2 dbs ("scholar" and "formula_1") in tables.json, and reparsed SQL queries (this only affects some models (e.g. RATSQL) which use our parsed SQL as the SQL input). Please download the Spider dataset from this page again.
- 06/07/2020 We corrected some annotation errors and label mismatches (not errors) in Spider dev and test sets (~4% of dev examples updated, click here for more details). Please download the Spider dataset from this page again.
- 01/16/2020 For value prediction (in order to compute the execution accuracy), your model should be able to 1) copy from the question inputs, 2) retrieve from the database content (database content is available), or 3) generate numbers (e.g. 3 in "LIMIT 3").
- 9/24/2019 (Min et al., EMNLP 2019) translated Spider to Chinese! Check out the Chinese challenge page.
- 5/17/2019 Our paper SParC: Cross-Domain Semantic Parsing in Context with Salesforce Research was accepted to ACL 2019! It introduces the context-dependent version of the Spider challenge: SParC!
- 5/17/2019 Please report any annotation errors here, we really appreciate your help and will update the data release in this summer!
- 1/14/2019 The submission tutorial is out!.
- 12/17/2018 We updated 7 sqlite database files (issue 14). Please download the Spider dataset from this page again.
- 10/25/2018 The evaluation script and results were updated (issue 5). Please download the lastest versions of the script and papers. Also, please follow instructions in issue 3 to generate the latest SQL parsing results (fixed a bug).
As the above spider chart shows, Spider 1.0 is distinct from most of the previous semantic parsing tasks because:
- ATIS, Geo, Academic: Each of them contains only a single database with a limited number of SQL queries, and has exact same SQL queries in train and test splits.
- WikiSQL: The numbers of SQL queries and tables are significantly large. But all SQL queries are simple, and each database is only a simple table without any foreign key.
The data is split into training, development, and test sets. Download a copy of the dataset (distributed under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license):
Spider Dataset
Details of baseline models and evaluation script can be found on the following GitHub site:
Spider GitHub Page
Some examples look like the following:
We expect the dataset to evolve. We would greatly appreciate it if you could donate us your non-private databases or SQL queries for the project.
We thank Graham Neubig, Tianze Shi, Catherine Finegan-Dollak, and the anonymous reviewers for their precious comments on this project. Also, we thank Pranav Rajpurkar for giving us the permission to build this website based on SQuAD.
Our team at the summit of the East Rock park in New Haven (The pose is "NLseq2SQL"):
Tweet
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Our current models do not predict any value in SQL conditions so that we do not provide execution accuracies. However, we encourage you to provide it in the future submissions. For value prediction, your model should be able to 1) copy from the question inputs, 2) retrieve from the database content (database content is available), or 3) generate numbers (e.g. 3 in "LIMIT 3"). Notice: Test results after May 02, 2020 are reported on the new release (collected some annotation errors).
| Rank | Model | Test |
|---|---|---|
|
1 Nov 2, 2023 |
MiniSeek
Anonymous Code and paper coming soon |
91.2 |
|
1 Aug 20, 2023 |
DAIL-SQL + GPT-4 + Self-Consistency
Alibaba Group (Gao and Wang et al.,'2023) code |
86.6 |
|
2 Aug 9, 2023 |
DAIL-SQL + GPT-4
Alibaba Group (Gao and Wang et al.,'2023) code |
86.2 |
|
3 October 17, 2023 |
DPG-SQL + GPT-4 + Self-Correction
Anonymous Code and paper coming soon |
85.6 |
|
4 Apr 21, 2023 |
DIN-SQL + GPT-4
University of Alberta (Pourreza et al.,'2023) code |
85.3 |
|
5 July 5, 2023 |
Hindsight Chain of Thought with GPT-4
Anonymous Code and paper coming soon |
83.9 |
|
6 Jun 1, 2023 |
C3 + ChatGPT + Zero-Shot
Zhejiang University & Hundsun (Dong et al.,'2023) code |
82.3 |
|
7 July 5, 2023 |
Hindsight Chain of Thought with GPT-4 and Instructions
Anonymous Code and paper coming soon |
80.8 |
|
8 Feb 7, 2023 |
RESDSQL-3B + NatSQL (DB content used)
Renmin University of China (Li et al., AAAI'23) code |
79.9 |
|
9 Nov 21, 2022 |
SeaD + PQL (DB content used)
Anonymous |
78.5 |
|
10 Apr 21, 2023 |
DIN-SQL + CodeX
University of Alberta (Pourreza et al.,'2023) code |
78.2 |
|
11 August 10, 2023 |
T5-3B+NatSQL+Token Preprocessing (DB content used)
George Mason University & MIT (Rai et al., ACL '23) code |
78.0 |
|
12 Sep 14, 2022 |
CatSQL + GraPPa (DB content used)
Anonymous |
78.0 |
|
13 Sep 13, 2022 |
Graphix-3B+PICARD (DB content used)
Alibaba DAMO & HKU STAR & SIAT (Li et al., AAAI'2023) code |
77.6 |
|
14 Sep 1, 2022 |
SHiP+PICARD (DB content used)
AWS AI Labs (Zhao et al.,'22) |
76.6 |
|
15 Apr 4, 2023 |
RASAT + NatSQL + Reranker (DB content used)
Anonymous Paper coming soon |
76.5 |
|
16 Dec 15, 2022 |
N-best List Rerankers + PICARD (DB content used)
Alexa AI (Zeng et al., IEEE SLT 2023) |
75.9 |
|
17 Jun 4, 2022 |
RASAT+PICARD (DB content used)
SJTU LUMIA & Netmind.AI (Qi et al., EMNLP'22) code |
75.5 |
|
18 May 8, 2022 |
T5-SR (DB content used)
Anonymous |
75.2 |
|
19 Aug 12, 2022 |
RESDSQL+T5-1.1-lm100k-xl (DB content used)
Anonymous |
75.1 |
|
20 Jul 14, 2021 |
T5-3B+PICARD (DB content used)
Element AI, a ServiceNow company (Scholak et al., EMNLP'21) code |
75.1 |
|
21 Aug 12, 2022 |
RESDSQL+T5-1.1-lm100k-large (DB content used)
Anonymous |
74.8 |
|
22 May 18, 2022 |
SeaD + SP (DB content used)
Anonymous |
74.1 |
|
23 May 4, 2021 |
RATSQL+GAP+NatSQL (DB content used)
Queen Mary University of London (Gan et al., EMNLP Findings'21) code |
73.3 |
|
24 August 10, 2021 |
T5-Base+NatSQL+Token Preprocessing (DB content used)
George Mason University & MIT (Rai et al., ACL '23) code |
71.1 |
|
25 Mar 10, 2021 |
SmBoP + GraPPa (DB content used)
Tel-Aviv University & Allen Institute for AI (Rubin and Berant, NAACL'21) code |
71.1 |
|
26 Aug 05, 2021 |
RaSaP + ELECTRA (DB content used)
Ant Group, ZhiXiaoBao & Ada (Huang et al.,'21) |
70.0 |
|
27 Nov 24, 2020 |
BRIDGE v2 + BERT(ensemble) (DB content used)
Salesforce Research (Lin et al., EMNLP-Findings '20) code |
68.3 |
|
28 Jan 16, 2021 |
COMBINE (DB content used)
Novelis.io Research (Youssef et al.,'21) |
68.2 |
|
29 Jul 22, 2022 |
T5QL-Base (DB content used)
Anonymous |
66.8 |
|
30 Nov 24, 2020 |
BRIDGE v2 + BERT (DB content used)
Salesforce Research (Lin et al., EMNLP-Findings '20) code |
64.3 |
|
31 May 30, 2020 |
AuxNet + BART (DB content used)
Anonymous |
62.6 |
|
32 May 30, 2020 |
BRIDGE + BERT (DB content used)
Salesforce Research (Lin et al., EMNLP-Findings '20) code |
59.9 |
|
33 May 20, 2020 |
GAZP + BERT (DB content used)
University of Washington & Facebook AI Research (Zhong et al., EMNLP '20) |
53.5 |
For exact matching evaluation, instead of simply conducting string comparison between the predicted and gold SQL queries, we decompose each SQL into several clauses, and conduct set comparison in each SQL clause. Please refer to the paper and the Github page for more details. Notice: Test results after May 02, 2020 are reported on the new release (collected some annotation errors).
| Rank | Model | Dev | Test |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1 Nov 2, 2023 |
MiniSeek
Anonymous Code and paper coming soon |
80.3 | 81.5 |
|
1 Sep 13, 2022 |
Graphix-3B + PICARD (DB content used)
Alibaba DAMO & HKU STAR & SIAT (Li et al., AAAI'2023) code |
77.1 | 74.0 |
|
2 Sep 14, 2022 |
CatSQL + GraPPa (DB content used)
Anonymous |
78.6 | 73.9 |
|
3 Sep 1, 2022 |
SHiP + PICARD (DB content used)
AWS AI Labs (Zhao et al.,'22) |
77.2 | 73.1 |
|
4 May 23, 2022 |
G³R + LGESQL + ELECTRA (DB content used)
Southeast University & Tencent Cloud Xiaowei (Xiang et al., ACL-Findings '23) |
78.1 | 72.9 |
|
6 Aug 12, 2022 |
RESDSQL+T5-1.1-lm100k-xl (DB content used)
Anonymous |
78.1 | 72.4 |
|
6 May 8, 2022 |
T5-SR (DB content used)
Anonymous |
77.2 | 72.4 |
|
7 Dec 15, 2022 |
N-best List Rerankers + PICARD (DB content used)
Alexa AI (Zeng et al., IEEE SLT 2023) |
76.4 | 72.2 |
|
8 Sep 1, 2021 |
S²SQL + ELECTRA (DB content used)
Alibaba DAMO (Hui et al., ACL-Findings '22) code |
76.4 | 72.1 |
|
9 Feb 7, 2023 |
RESDSQL-3B + NatSQL (DB content used)
Renmin University of China (Li et al., AAAI'23) code |
80.5 | 72.0 |
|
10 Jun 1, 2021 |
LGESQL + ELECTRA (DB content used)
SJTU X-LANCE Lab & AISpeech (Cao et al., ACL'21) code |
75.1 | 72.0 |
|
11 Jul 14, 2021 |
T5-3B+PICARD (DB content used)
Element AI, a ServiceNow company (Scholak et al., EMNLP'21) code |
75.5 | 71.9 |
|
12 Aug 12, 2022 |
RESDSQL+T5-1.1-lm100k-large (DB content used)
Anonymous |
76.6 | 71.1 |
|
13 Jun 4, 2022 |
RASAT+PICARD (DB content used)
SJTU LUMIA & Netmind.AI (Qi et al., EMNLP'22) code |
75.3 | 70.9 |
|
14 Nov 19, 2020 |
DT-Fixup SQL-SP + RoBERTa (DB content used)
Borealis AI (Xu et al., ACL'21) code |
75.0 | 70.9 |
|
15 Nov 19, 2020 |
RAT-SQL + GraPPa + Adv (DB content used)
Anonymous |
75.5 | 70.5 |
|
16 Oct 18, 2021 |
RATSQL++ + ELECTRA (DB content used)
Anonymous |
75.7 | 70.3 |
|
17 Nov 19, 2020 |
SADGA + GAP (DB content used)
DMIR Lab (Cai and Yuan et al., NeurIPS'21) code |
73.1 | 70.1 |
|
18 Dec 25, 2020 |
RATSQL + GraPPa + GP (DB content used)
OCFT Gamma Big Data Lab (Zhao et al.,'21) |
72.8 | 69.8 |
|
19 Sep 08, 2020 |
RATSQL + GAP (DB content used)
University of Waterloo & AWS AI Labs (Shi et al., AAAI'21) code |
71.8 | 69.7 |
|
20 Apr 4, 2023 |
RASAT + NatSQL + Reranker (DB content used)
Anonymous Paper coming soon |
73.6 | 69.6 |
|
20 Aug 18, 2020 |
RATSQL + GraPPa (DB content used)
Yale & Salesforce Research (Yu et al., ICLR'21) code |
73.4 | 69.6 |
|
22 Mar 10, 2021 |
SmBoP + GraPPa (DB content used)
Tel-Aviv University & Allen Institute for AI (Rubin and Berant, NAACL'21) code |
74.7 | 69.5 |
|
23 Aug 05, 2021 |
RaSaP + ELECTRA (DB content used)
Ant Group, ZhiXiaoBao & Ada (Huang et al.,'21) |
74.7 | 69.0 |
|
24 May 4, 2021 |
RATSQL+GAP+NatSQL (DB content used)
Queen Mary University of London (Gan et al., EMNLP Findings'21) code |
- | 68.7 |
|
25 Nov 20, 2020 |
RAT-SQL + STRUG (DB content used)
Microsoft Research & OSU (Deng et al., NAACL '21) |
72.6 | 68.4 |
|
26 Jun 1, 2021 |
LGESQL + BERT (DB content used)
SJTU X-LANCE Lab & AISpeech (Cao et al., ACL'21) code |
74.1 | 68.3 |
|
27 Jan 16, 2021 |
COMBINE (DB content used)
Novelis.io Research (Youssef et al.,'21) |
71.4 | 67.7 |
|
28 Nov 24, 2020 |
BRIDGE v2 + BERT(ensemble) (DB content used)
Salesforce Research (Lin et al., EMNLP-Findings '20) code |
71.1 | 67.5 |
|
29 Sep. 8, 2020 |
ShadowGNN + RoBERTa (DB content used)
SJTU X-LANCE Lab & AISpeech (Chen et al., NAACL'21) |
72.3 | 66.1 |
|
30 Jul. 22, 2022 |
T5QL-Base (DB content used)
Anonymous |
69.3 | 65.9 |
|
31 May 02, 2020 |
RATSQL v3 + BERT (DB content used)
Microsoft Research (Wang and Shin et al., ACL '20) code |
69.7 | 65.6 |
|
32 Dec. 07, 2020 |
DuoRAT + BERT (DB content used)
Anonymous |
- | 65.4 |
|
33 Sep. 8, 2020 |
YCSQL + BERT (DB content used)
Anonymous |
- | 65.3 |
|
34 Jan. 29, 2021 |
ETA + BERT (DB content used)
Microsoft Research Asia (Liu et al., ACL-Findings '21) |
70.8 | 65.3 |
|
35 Nov 24, 2020 |
BRIDGE v2 + BERT (DB content used)
Salesforce Research (Lin et al., EMNLP-Findings '20) code |
70.0 | 65.0 |
|
36 October 17, 2023 |
DPG-SQL + GPT-4 + Self-Correction
Anonymous Code and paper coming soon |
- | 64.7 |
|
37 Sep. 8, 2020 |
GP-RATSQL + BERT (DB content used)
Anonymous |
- | 64.5 |
|
38 Nov. 25, 2020 |
RATSQL-HPFT + BERT (DB content used)
Anonymous |
- | 64.4 |
|
39 Feb 2, 2021 |
LGESQL + GLOVE (DB content used)
SJTU X-LANCE Lab & AISpeech (Cao et al., ACL'21) code |
67.6 | 62.8 |
|
40 May 31, 2020 |
AuxNet + BART (DB content used)
Anonymous |
70.0 | 61.9 |
|
41 Dec 13, 2019 |
RATSQL v2 + BERT (DB content used)
Microsoft Research (Wang and Shin et al., ACL '20) code |
65.8 | 61.9 |
|
42 May 31, 2020 |
AuxNet + BART
Anonymous |
68.0 | 61.3 |
|
43 Feb 18, 2020 |
RYANSQL v2 + BERT
Kakao Enterprise (Choi et al., '20) |
70.6 | 60.6 |
|
44 Oct 19, 2020 |
SmBoP + BART
Tel-Aviv University & Allen Institute for AI (Rubin and Berant '20) |
66.0 | 60.5 |
|
45 Dec 18, 2019 |
IRNet++ + XLNet (DB content used)
Anonymous |
65.5 | 60.1 |
|
46 Apr 21, 2023 |
DIN-SQL + GPT-4
University of Alberta (Pourreza et al.,'2023) code |
60.1 | 60 |
|
47 May 30, 2020 |
BRIDGE + BERT (DB content used)
Salesforce Research (Lin et al., EMNLP-Findings '20) code |
65.5 | 59.2 |
|
48 Nov 12, 2019 |
RYANSQL + BERT
Kakao Enterprise (Choi et al., '20) |
66.6 | 58.2 |
|
49 Dec 13, 2019 |
RATSQL v2 (DB content used)
Microsoft Research (Wang and Shin et al., ACL '20) code |
62.7 | 57.2 |
|
50 Apr 21, 2023 |
DIN-SQL + CodeX
University of Alberta (Pourreza et al.,'2023) code |
57.2 | 57 |
|
51 Dec 13, 2019 |
SLSQL + BERT + Data Annotation
National University of Singapore (Lei and Wang et al., EMNLP '20) code |
60.8 | 55.7 |
|
52 Dec 13, 2019 |
EditSQL+LSL + BERT
Anonymous |
57.9 | 55.2 |
|
53 June 24, 2019 |
IRNet v2 + BERT
Microsoft Research Asia |
63.9 | 55.0 |
|
54 Sep 20, 2019 |
GIRN + BERT
Anonymous |
60.2 | 54.8 |
|
55 May 19, 2019 |
IRNet + BERT
Microsoft Research Asia (Guo and Zhan et al., ACL '19) code |
61.9 | 54.7 |
|
56 Nov 4, 2019 |
GNN + Bertrand-DR
Got It R&D (Kelkar et al., '20) code |
57.9 | 54.6 |
|
57 Apr 8, 2020 |
CNSQL
Anonymous |
58.0 | 54.0 |
|
58 Sep 19, 2019 |
RATSQL
Anonymous |
60.6 | 53.7 |
|
59 Sep 1, 2019 |
EditSQL + BERT
Yale University & Salesforce Research (Zhang et al., EMNLP '19) code |
57.6 | 53.4 |
|
60 May 21, 2020 |
GAZP + BERT
University of Washington & Facebook AI Research (Zhong et al., EMNLP '20) |
- | 53.3 |
|
61 May 21, 2020 |
NatSQL v3
Anonymous |
- | 53.2 |
|
62 May 28, 2020 |
IRNET+ GNN
Anonymous |
- | 49.6 |
|
63 June 24, 2019 |
IRNet v2
Microsoft Research Asia |
55.4 | 48.5 |
|
64 Aug 30, 2019 |
Global-GNN (DB content used)
Tel-Aviv University & Allen Institute for AI (Bogin et al., EMNLP '19) code |
52.7 | 47.4 |
|
65 Dec 13, 2019 |
LSL
Anonymous |
56.8 | 47.0 |
|
66 Apr 5, 2020 |
GraphSQL
Anonymous |
52.8 | 46.9 |
|
67 May 19, 2019 |
IRNet
Microsoft Research Asia (Guo and Zhan et al., ACL '19) code |
53.2 | 46.7 |
|
68 Mar 17, 2020 |
SG-IRNet
Anonymous |
- | 46.6 |
|
69 Dec 13, 2019 |
NatSQL v2
Anonymous |
52.0 | 46.4 |
|
70 June 11, 2019 |
HSRNet
Anonymous |
51.5 | 45.6 |
|
71 June 12, 2019 |
CFGN
Anonymous |
48.7 | 44.1 |
|
72 Aug 31, 2019 |
NatSQL
Anonymous |
52.9 | 42.5 |
|
73 May 16, 2019 |
GNN
Tel-Aviv University & Allen Institute for AI (Bogin et al., ACL '19) code |
40.7 | 39.4 |
|
74 Feb 25, 2019 |
SASeq
Anonymous |
40.8 | 37.4 |
|
75 May 30, 2019 |
GrammarSQL
Allen Institute for AI (Lin et al., '19) |
34.8 | 33.8 |
|
76 Sep 1, 2019 |
EditSQL
Yale University & Salesforce Research (Zhang et al., EMNLP '19) code |
36.4 | 32.9 |
|
77 Dec 13, 2019 |
GuideSQL
Anonymous |
36.8 | 31.5 |
|
78 Sep 20, 2018 |
SyntaxSQLNet + augment
Yale University (Yu et al., EMNLP '18) code |
24.8 | 27.2 |
|
79 April 18, 2019 |
RCSQL
SAP Labs Korea (Lee, EMNLP'19) |
28.5 | 24.3 |
|
80 Sep 20, 2018 |
SyntaxSQLNet
Yale University (Yu et al., EMNLP '18) code |
18.9 | 19.7 |
|
81 Sep 20, 2018 |
SQLNet
Shanghai Jiao Tong University (modified by Yale) (Xu et al., '18) code |
10.9 | 12.4 |
|
82 Sep 20, 2018 |
TypeSQL
Yale University (Yu et al., NAACL '18) code |
8.0 | 8.2 |
|
83 Sep 20, 2018 |
Seq2Seq + attention
University of Edinburgh (modified by Yale) (Dong and Lapata, ACL '16) code |
1.8 | 4.8 |
Other papers used Spider (evaluated on the dev but not test set):
- (Wang et al., KDD 2022), Alibaba DAMO
- (Ma et al., VLDB 2022), HKUST
- (Qin et al., COLING 2022), Alibaba DAMO
- (Usta et al., VLDB 2021), Bilkent University
- (Min et al., EMNLP 2019), Westlake University, Spider in Chinese
- (Yao et al., EMNLP 2019), OSU & Facebook AI Research
- (Shaw et al., ACL 2019), Google
- (Shin et al., NeurlPS 2019), UC Berkeley & MSR
- (Weir et al., SIGMOD 2019), Brown University & TU Darmstadt
- (Baik et al., ICDE 2019), U of Michigan & IBM