alien_invasion.py

import sys
from importlib.resources import contents
from time import sleep
import pygame
from pathlib import Path

from bullet import Bullet
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from alien import Alien
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard


class AlienInvasion:
    """管理游戏资源和行为的类"""

    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
        pygame.init()

        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        self.settings = Settings()
        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
            (self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height)
            # (0,0), pygame.FULLSCREEN
        )
        pygame.display.set_caption('Alien Invasion')

        # 创建一个用于储存游戏统计信息的实例以及记分牌
        self.stats = GameStats(self)
        self.scoreboard = Scoreboard(self)

        self.ship = Ship(self)
        self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self._create_fleet()

        # 游戏启动后设置为False
        self.game_active = False

        # 创建play按钮
        self.play_button = Button(self, "Play")


    def run_game(self):
        """开始游戏主循环"""
        while True:
            self._check_events()

            if self.game_active:
                self.ship.update()
                self._update_bullet()
                self._update_aliens()
                self.save_score_in_txt()

            self._update_events()
            self.clock.tick(60)

    def _check_events(self):
        """倾听键盘和鼠标事件"""
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self._check_keydown_events(event)
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                self._check_keyup_events(event)
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)

    def _check_keydown_events(self, event):
        """响应按下"""

        if event.key == pygame.K_p and not self.game_active:
            self._start_game()

        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
            self.fire_bullet()

    def _check_keyup_events(self, event):
        """响应释放"""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = False
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = False

    def _update_events(self):
        """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕"""
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
        for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
            bullet.draw_bullet()
        self.ship.blitme()
        self.aliens.draw(self.screen)

        # 显示得分
        self.scoreboard.show_score()

        # 游戏处于非活动状态，则绘制play按钮
        if not self.game_active:
            self.play_button.draw_button()

        pygame.display.flip()

    def fire_bullet(self):
        """创建一颗子弹，并将其加入编组bullets"""
        if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullet_allowed:
            new_bullet = Bullet(self)
            self.bullets.add(new_bullet)

    def _update_bullet(self):
        """更新子弹的位置并消除消失的子弹"""
        self.bullets.update()
        for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
            if bullet.rect.bottom <= 80:
                self.bullets.remove(bullet)

        self._check_bullets_alien_collisions()

    def _check_bullets_alien_collisions(self):
        # 检查是否有子弹击中了外星人, 并删除相应的子弹和外星人
        collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets,self.aliens,False,True)

        if collisions:
            for alien in collisions.values():
                self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_point * len(alien)
            self.scoreboard.prep_score()
            self.scoreboard.check_high_score()

        # 删除现有的子弹并创建新的外星舰队
        if not self.aliens:
            self.bullets.empty()
            self._create_fleet()
            self.settings.increase_speed()

            # 提高等级
            self.stats.level += 1
            self.scoreboard.prep_level()

    def _create_alien(self, x_position, y_position):
        """创建一个外星人并将其加入舰队中"""
        new_alien = Alien(self)
        new_alien.x = x_position
        new_alien.rect.x = x_position
        new_alien.rect.y = y_position
        self.aliens.add(new_alien)

    def _update_aliens(self):
        """更新舰队中所有外星人的位置"""
        self._check_fleet_edges()
        self.aliens.update()

        # 检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
        if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship, self.aliens):
             self._ship_hit()

        # 检测是否有外星人碰撞屏幕下边缘
        self._check_hit_bottom()


    def _create_fleet(self):
        """创建一个外星人舰队"""
        alien = Alien(self)
        self.aliens.add(alien)

        alien_width = alien.rect.width
        alien_height = alien.rect.height
        current_x = alien_width
        current_y = alien_height

        while current_y < (self.settings.screen_height - 3 * alien_height):
            while current_x < (self.settings.screen_width - 1 * alien_width):
                self._create_alien(current_x, current_y)
                current_x += 1.5 * alien_width

            # 添加一行外星人后，重置x值并递增y值
            current_x = alien_width
            current_y += alien_height * 2

        # count = 0
        # while count < 7:
        #     new_alien = Alien(self)
        #     new_alien.x = alien.x + (count*100)
        #     new_alien.rect.x = new_alien.x
        #     self.aliens.add(new_alien)
        #     count += 1


    def _check_fleet_edges(self):
        """检测外星人碰撞屏幕边缘并采取相应措施"""
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            if alien.check_edges():
                self._change_fleet_direction()
                break

    def _change_fleet_direction(self):
        """向下移动整个外星人舰队，并改变方向"""
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            alien.rect.y += self.settings.drop_speed
        self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1

    def _ship_hit(self):
        """响应飞船和外星人的碰撞"""

        if self.stats.ship_remains > 0:
            self.stats.ship_remains -= 1
            self.scoreboard.prep_ships()
            self.bullets.empty()
            self.aliens.empty()

            # 创建一个新的外星舰队
            self._create_fleet()
            self.ship.center_ship()

            # 暂停一段时间
            sleep(2)

        else:
            self.game_active = False
            pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)

    def _check_hit_bottom(self):
        """响应外星人碰撞屏幕的下边缘"""
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            if alien.rect.bottom > self.settings.screen_height + 10:
                self._ship_hit()
                break

    def _check_play_button(self, mouse_pos):
        """点击play按钮时开始新游戏"""
        button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
        if button_clicked and not self.game_active:
            self._start_game()


    def _start_game(self):
        """开始新游戏时的设置"""

        # 还原游戏设置
        self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()

        # 重置统计信息
        self.stats.reset_stats()
        self.scoreboard.prep_score()
        self.scoreboard.prep_level()
        self.scoreboard.prep_ships()
        self.game_active = True

        # 清空外星人列表和子弹列表
        self.bullets.empty()
        self.aliens.empty()

        # 创建一个新的外星舰队
        self._create_fleet()
        self.ship.center_ship()

        # 隐藏光标
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)

    def save_score_in_txt(self):
        """将最高分写入进txt文件"""
        with open('highest_score.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            file.write(self.scoreboard.get_the_highest_score())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # """创建游戏实例并运行游戏"""
    game = AlienInvasion()
    game.run_game()