From b71aec70982902de9ee3474568baf3376f01188a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Furkan Kirac <fkirac@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Apr 2024 22:42:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] Preparation for MT1

---
 CMakeLists.txt      |   1 +
 mt1_preparation.cpp | 204 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 205 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 mt1_preparation.cpp

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index dd25ce8..5e4e23b 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -30,3 +30,4 @@ add_executable(w8a3 "week8-app3.cpp")
 add_executable(w9a1 "week9-app1.cpp")
 add_executable(w9a2 "week9-app2.cpp")
 add_executable(w9a3 "week9-app3.cpp")
+add_executable(mt1 "mt1_preparation.cpp")
diff --git a/mt1_preparation.cpp b/mt1_preparation.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..297dced
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mt1_preparation.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <map>
+#include <variant>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+template<typename ...> struct TD;
+
+template<typename T>
+struct Mat
+{
+    using type = T;
+    size_t rows, cols;
+    vector<T> data;
+
+    Mat(size_t rows = 0, size_t cols = 0, T init = T{}) : rows{rows}, cols{cols}, data(rows*cols, init) { }
+
+    const T* operator[](size_t r) const { return &data[r*cols]; }
+    T* operator[](size_t r) { return &data[r*cols]; }
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+void print(const Mat<T>& m)
+{
+    for(size_t i=0; i<m.rows; ++i)
+    {
+        auto ptr = m[i];
+        for(size_t j=0; j<m.cols; ++j)
+        {
+            if constexpr(is_same_v<string, T>)
+                cout << "\"" << ptr[j] << "\" ";
+            else
+                cout << ptr[j] << " ";
+        }
+        cout << endl;
+    }
+    cout << endl;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+concept IsMatX =
+    is_same_v<
+        Mat<typename remove_reference_t<T>::type>,
+        remove_reference_t<T>
+        >;
+
+template<IsMatX T>
+auto transform(T&& mat_src, auto func)
+{
+    using M = remove_reference_t<T>; // Mat<U> with reference filtered out
+    using U = typename M::type; // underlying type stored in Mat
+    using V = remove_cvref_t<decltype(func(U{}))>; // underlying type after the transformation
+    if constexpr(is_reference_v<T>)
+        cout << "Transforming l-value parameter" << endl;
+    else
+        cout << "Transforming r-value parameter" << endl;
+    auto mat_dest = Mat<V>{mat_src.rows, mat_src.cols};
+    for(size_t i=0; i<mat_src.rows; ++i)
+    {
+        auto src_ptr = mat_src[i];
+        auto dest_ptr = mat_dest[i];
+        for(size_t j=0; j<mat_src.cols; ++j)
+            dest_ptr[j] = func(src_ptr[j]);
+    }
+    return mat_dest;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+requires(IsMatX<T>)
+auto inc(T&& input)
+{
+    if constexpr(is_reference_v<T>)
+        cout << "Incrementing l-value matrix" << endl;
+    else
+        cout << "Incrementing r-value matrix" << endl;
+    return transform(input, [](auto&& value) { return value+1; });
+}
+
+template<typename ...>                      struct concat;
+template<typename T>                        struct concat<T, void>                    { using type = T; };
+template<typename ... Ts, typename ... Us>  struct concat<tuple<Ts...>, tuple<Us...>> { using type = tuple<Ts..., Us...>; };
+
+template<typename ... Ts>
+using concat_t = typename concat<Ts...>::type;
+
+template<typename ...>  struct IsIntegral           : false_type { };
+template<>              struct IsIntegral<char>     : true_type { };
+template<>              struct IsIntegral<short>    : true_type { };
+template<>              struct IsIntegral<int>      : true_type { };
+template<>              struct IsIntegral<long>     : true_type { };
+
+template<typename ...>
+struct filter_types;
+
+template<typename ... Ts>
+using filter_types_t = typename filter_types<Ts...>::type;
+
+template<template<typename...> typename FUNC, typename ... FuncTs>
+struct filter_types<FUNC<FuncTs...>, tuple<>>
+{
+    using type = void;
+};
+
+template<template<typename...> typename FUNC, typename ... FuncTs, typename First, typename ... Rest>
+struct filter_types<FUNC<FuncTs...>, tuple<First, Rest...>>
+{
+    using type =
+        concat_t<
+            conditional_t<FUNC<First>::value, tuple<First>, tuple<>>,
+            filter_types_t<FUNC<FuncTs...>, tuple<Rest...>>
+            >;
+};
+
+struct String : string { using string::string; };
+
+template<typename ...>  struct Transformer;
+template<typename T>    struct Transformer<T>       { using type = T; };
+template<>              struct Transformer<char>    { using type = int; };
+template<>              struct Transformer<short>   { using type = int; };
+template<>              struct Transformer<long>    { using type = int; };
+template<>              struct Transformer<double>  { using type = float; };
+template<>              struct Transformer<string>  { using type = String; };
+
+template<typename ...>
+struct transform_types;
+
+template<typename ... Ts>
+using transform_types_t = typename transform_types<Ts...>::type;
+
+template<template<typename...> typename FUNC>
+struct transform_types<FUNC<>, tuple<>>
+{
+    using type = void;
+};
+
+template<template<typename...> typename FUNC, typename First, typename ... Rest>
+struct transform_types<FUNC<>, tuple<First, Rest...>>
+{
+    using type = concat_t< tuple<typename FUNC<First>::type>, transform_types_t<FUNC<>, tuple<Rest...>> >;
+};
+
+
+template<template<typename...> typename FUNC, typename ... Ts>
+constexpr size_t count_types(const tuple<Ts...>&)
+{
+    return ((int)FUNC<Ts>::value + ...);
+}
+
+
+int main()
+{
+    auto m1 = Mat(2, 3, 9.9); // 2 row, 3 column matrix with double values is initialized to 9.9 for each cell
+    print(m1);
+
+    for(size_t i=0; i<m1.rows; ++i)
+        m1[i][i] = 1.1;
+    print(m1);
+
+    auto m2 = transform(
+        Mat{2, 2,
+            map<string, variant<string, double, int>>{
+                {"pi", 3.14},
+                {"CS", "409/509"},
+                {"year", 2021}
+            }
+        }, []<typename T>(T&& map_) {
+            auto s = string{};
+            for(const auto& [key, value] : map_)
+            {
+                auto value_str = string{};
+                if(holds_alternative<string>(value))
+                    value_str = get<string>(value);
+                else if(holds_alternative<double>(value))
+                    value_str = to_string(get<double>(value));
+                else if(holds_alternative<int>(value))
+                    value_str = to_string(get<int>(value));
+                s += key + ": " + value_str + " ";
+            }
+            return s;
+        });
+    print(m1);
+    print(m2);
+
+    print(inc(m1)); // prints l-value
+    print(inc(Mat(1, 4, 1))); // prints r-value
+
+
+    using TUPLE = tuple<int, float, string, char, short, double, string, double, float>;
+
+    using TUPLE_INTEGRAL = filter_types_t<IsIntegral<>, TUPLE>;
+
+    using TUPLE_FLOATING = filter_types_t<is_floating_point<void>, TUPLE>;
+
+    using TUPLE_TRANSFORMED = transform_types_t<Transformer<>, TUPLE>;
+
+    cout << "Number of integral types in TUPLE is " << count_types<IsIntegral>(TUPLE{}) << endl;
+    cout << "Number of integral types in TUPLE is " << count_types<is_integral>(TUPLE{}) << endl;
+    cout << "Number of floating types in TUPLE is " << count_types<is_floating_point>(TUPLE{}) << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}