diff --git a/exporter/awsxrayexporter/awsxray.go b/exporter/awsxrayexporter/awsxray.go
index 78ba0906ebb3..07ec1230bde6 100644
--- a/exporter/awsxrayexporter/awsxray.go
+++ b/exporter/awsxrayexporter/awsxray.go
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ package awsxrayexporter // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-colle
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/amazon-contributing/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/extension/awsmiddleware"
 	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/exporter"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/exporter/exporterhelper"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/ptrace"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/ptrace/ptraceotlp"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/awsxrayexporter/internal/translator"
@@ -24,7 +27,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	maxSegmentsPerPut = int(50) // limit imposed by PutTraceSegments API
+	maxSegmentsPerPut               = int(50) // limit imposed by PutTraceSegments API
+	otlpFormatPrefix                = "T1S"   // X-Ray PutTraceSegment API uses this prefix to detect the format
+	otlpFormatKeyIndexAllAttributes = "aws.xray.exporter.config.index_all_attributes"
+	otlpFormatKeyIndexAttributes    = "aws.xray.exporter.config.indexed_attributes"
 )
 
 // newTracesExporter creates an exporter.Traces that converts to an X-Ray PutTraceSegments
@@ -57,7 +63,15 @@ func newTracesExporter(
 			var err error
 			logger.Debug("TracesExporter", typeLog, nameLog, zap.Int("#spans", td.SpanCount()))
 
-			documents := extractResourceSpans(cfg, logger, td)
+			var documents []*string
+			if cfg.TransitSpansInOtlpFormat {
+				documents, err = encodeOtlpAsBase64(td, cfg)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			} else { // by default use xray format
+				documents = extractResourceSpans(cfg, logger, td)
+			}
 
 			for offset := 0; offset < len(documents); offset += maxSegmentsPerPut {
 				var nextOffset int
@@ -137,3 +151,37 @@ func wrapErrorIfBadRequest(err error) error {
 	}
 	return err
 }
+
+// encodeOtlpAsBase64 builds bytes from traces and generate base64 value for them
+func encodeOtlpAsBase64(td ptrace.Traces, cfg *Config) ([]*string, error) {
+	var documents []*string
+	for i := 0; i < td.ResourceSpans().Len(); i++ {
+		// 1. build a new trace with one resource span
+		singleTrace := ptrace.NewTraces()
+		td.ResourceSpans().At(i).CopyTo(singleTrace.ResourceSpans().AppendEmpty())
+
+		// 2. append index configuration to resource span as attributes, such that X-Ray Service build indexes based on them.
+		injectIndexConfigIntoOtlpPayload(singleTrace.ResourceSpans().At(0), cfg)
+
+		// 3. Marshal single trace into proto bytes
+		bytes, err := ptraceotlp.NewExportRequestFromTraces(singleTrace).MarshalProto()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal traces: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// 4. build bytes into base64 and append with PROTOCOL HEADER at the beginning
+		base64Str := otlpFormatPrefix + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(bytes)
+		documents = append(documents, &base64Str)
+	}
+
+	return documents, nil
+}
+
+func injectIndexConfigIntoOtlpPayload(resourceSpan ptrace.ResourceSpans, cfg *Config) {
+	attributes := resourceSpan.Resource().Attributes()
+	attributes.PutBool(otlpFormatKeyIndexAllAttributes, cfg.IndexAllAttributes)
+	indexAttributes := attributes.PutEmptySlice(otlpFormatKeyIndexAttributes)
+	for _, indexAttribute := range cfg.IndexedAttributes {
+		indexAttributes.AppendEmpty().SetStr(indexAttribute)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/exporter/awsxrayexporter/awsxray_test.go b/exporter/awsxrayexporter/awsxray_test.go
index a27c6044dfcc..4a76aee04928 100644
--- a/exporter/awsxrayexporter/awsxray_test.go
+++ b/exporter/awsxrayexporter/awsxray_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package awsxrayexporter
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"
@@ -120,6 +121,79 @@ func TestMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	handler.AssertCalled(t, "HandleResponse", mock.Anything, mock.Anything)
 }
 
+func TestTraceExportOtlpFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	config := generateConfig(t)
+	config.TransitSpansInOtlpFormat = true
+
+	traceExporter := initializeTracesExporter(t, generateConfig(t), telemetrytest.NewNopRegistry())
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	td := constructSpanData()
+	err := traceExporter.ConsumeTraces(ctx, td)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	err = traceExporter.Shutdown(ctx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestEncodingOtlpFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	config1 := generateConfig(t)
+	config1.IndexAllAttributes = true
+	config1.IndexedAttributes = []string{"test", "test1", "test2"}
+	testEncodingOtlpFormatWithIndexConfiguration(t, config1)
+
+	config2 := generateConfig(t)
+	config2.IndexedAttributes = []string{"test", "test1", "test2"}
+	testEncodingOtlpFormatWithIndexConfiguration(t, config2)
+
+	config3 := generateConfig(t)
+	config3.IndexAllAttributes = true
+	testEncodingOtlpFormatWithIndexConfiguration(t, config3)
+
+	config4 := generateConfig(t)
+	config4.IndexedAttributes = []string{}
+	testEncodingOtlpFormatWithIndexConfiguration(t, config4)
+
+	config5 := generateConfig(t)
+	config5.IndexAllAttributes = false
+	testEncodingOtlpFormatWithIndexConfiguration(t, config5)
+
+	config6 := generateConfig(t)
+	config6.IndexAllAttributes = false
+	config6.IndexedAttributes = []string{}
+	testEncodingOtlpFormatWithIndexConfiguration(t, config6)
+}
+
+func testEncodingOtlpFormatWithIndexConfiguration(t *testing.T, config *Config) {
+	// 1. prepare 50 resource spans and encode them
+	td := constructMultiSpanData(50)
+	documents, err := encodeOtlpAsBase64(td, config)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, td.ResourceSpans().Len(), len(documents), "ensure #resourcespans same as #documents")
+
+	// 2. ensure documents can be decoded back
+	unmarshaler := &ptrace.ProtoUnmarshaler{}
+	for i, document := range documents {
+		assert.EqualValues(t, "T1S", (*document)[0:3], "ensure protocol prefix")
+		decodedBytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString((*document)[3:])
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		trace, err := unmarshaler.UnmarshalTraces(decodedBytes)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		trace.CopyTo(trace)
+
+		// 3. ensure index configurations are carried
+		injectIndexConfigIntoOtlpPayload(td.ResourceSpans().At(i), config)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, td.ResourceSpans().At(i), trace.ResourceSpans().At(0))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncodingOtlpFormatWithEmptySpans(t *testing.T) {
+	td := constructMultiSpanData(0)
+	documents, err := encodeOtlpAsBase64(td, generateConfig(t))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 0, len(documents), "expect 0 document")
+}
+
 func BenchmarkForTracesExporter(b *testing.B) {
 	traceExporter := initializeTracesExporter(b, generateConfig(b), telemetrytest.NewNopRegistry())
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
@@ -156,7 +230,6 @@ func generateConfig(t testing.TB) *Config {
 
 func constructSpanData() ptrace.Traces {
 	resource := constructResource()
-
 	traces := ptrace.NewTraces()
 	rspans := traces.ResourceSpans().AppendEmpty()
 	resource.CopyTo(rspans.Resource())
@@ -165,6 +238,18 @@ func constructSpanData() ptrace.Traces {
 	return traces
 }
 
+func constructMultiSpanData(numSpans int) ptrace.Traces {
+	traces := ptrace.NewTraces()
+	for range numSpans {
+		resource := constructResource()
+		rspans := traces.ResourceSpans().AppendEmpty()
+		resource.CopyTo(rspans.Resource())
+		ispans := rspans.ScopeSpans().AppendEmpty()
+		constructXrayTraceSpanData(ispans)
+	}
+	return traces
+}
+
 func constructW3CSpanData() ptrace.Traces {
 	resource := constructResource()
 	traces := ptrace.NewTraces()
diff --git a/exporter/awsxrayexporter/config.go b/exporter/awsxrayexporter/config.go
index 5f97907ce8e1..f7cbd9087473 100644
--- a/exporter/awsxrayexporter/config.go
+++ b/exporter/awsxrayexporter/config.go
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ type Config struct {
 	// AWS client.
 	MiddlewareID *component.ID `mapstructure:"middleware,omitempty"`
 
+	// X-Ray Export sends spans in its original otlp format to X-Ray Service when this flag is on
+	TransitSpansInOtlpFormat bool `mapstructure:"transit_spans_in_otlp_format,omitempty"`
+
 	// skipTimestampValidation if enabled, will skip timestamp validation logic on the trace ID
 	skipTimestampValidation bool
 }