Assignment-1 version1.3.ipynb

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    "---\n",
    "\n",
    "_You are currently looking at **version 1.3** of this notebook. To download notebooks and datafiles, as well as get help on Jupyter notebooks in the Coursera platform, visit the [Jupyter Notebook FAQ](https://www.coursera.org/learn/python-machine-learning/resources/bANLa) course resource._\n",
    "\n",
    "---"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Assignment 1 - Introduction to Machine Learning"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For this assignment, you will be using the Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) Database to create a classifier that can help diagnose patients. First, read through the description of the dataset (below)."
   ]
  },
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     "text": [
      "Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) Database\n",
      "=============================================\n",
      "\n",
      "Notes\n",
      "-----\n",
      "Data Set Characteristics:\n",
      "    :Number of Instances: 569\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Number of Attributes: 30 numeric, predictive attributes and the class\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Attribute Information:\n",
      "        - radius (mean of distances from center to points on the perimeter)\n",
      "        - texture (standard deviation of gray-scale values)\n",
      "        - perimeter\n",
      "        - area\n",
      "        - smoothness (local variation in radius lengths)\n",
      "        - compactness (perimeter^2 / area - 1.0)\n",
      "        - concavity (severity of concave portions of the contour)\n",
      "        - concave points (number of concave portions of the contour)\n",
      "        - symmetry \n",
      "        - fractal dimension (\"coastline approximation\" - 1)\n",
      "\n",
      "        The mean, standard error, and \"worst\" or largest (mean of the three\n",
      "        largest values) of these features were computed for each image,\n",
      "        resulting in 30 features.  For instance, field 3 is Mean Radius, field\n",
      "        13 is Radius SE, field 23 is Worst Radius.\n",
      "\n",
      "        - class:\n",
      "                - WDBC-Malignant\n",
      "                - WDBC-Benign\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Summary Statistics:\n",
      "\n",
      "    ===================================== ====== ======\n",
      "                                           Min    Max\n",
      "    ===================================== ====== ======\n",
      "    radius (mean):                        6.981  28.11\n",
      "    texture (mean):                       9.71   39.28\n",
      "    perimeter (mean):                     43.79  188.5\n",
      "    area (mean):                          143.5  2501.0\n",
      "    smoothness (mean):                    0.053  0.163\n",
      "    compactness (mean):                   0.019  0.345\n",
      "    concavity (mean):                     0.0    0.427\n",
      "    concave points (mean):                0.0    0.201\n",
      "    symmetry (mean):                      0.106  0.304\n",
      "    fractal dimension (mean):             0.05   0.097\n",
      "    radius (standard error):              0.112  2.873\n",
      "    texture (standard error):             0.36   4.885\n",
      "    perimeter (standard error):           0.757  21.98\n",
      "    area (standard error):                6.802  542.2\n",
      "    smoothness (standard error):          0.002  0.031\n",
      "    compactness (standard error):         0.002  0.135\n",
      "    concavity (standard error):           0.0    0.396\n",
      "    concave points (standard error):      0.0    0.053\n",
      "    symmetry (standard error):            0.008  0.079\n",
      "    fractal dimension (standard error):   0.001  0.03\n",
      "    radius (worst):                       7.93   36.04\n",
      "    texture (worst):                      12.02  49.54\n",
      "    perimeter (worst):                    50.41  251.2\n",
      "    area (worst):                         185.2  4254.0\n",
      "    smoothness (worst):                   0.071  0.223\n",
      "    compactness (worst):                  0.027  1.058\n",
      "    concavity (worst):                    0.0    1.252\n",
      "    concave points (worst):               0.0    0.291\n",
      "    symmetry (worst):                     0.156  0.664\n",
      "    fractal dimension (worst):            0.055  0.208\n",
      "    ===================================== ====== ======\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Missing Attribute Values: None\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Class Distribution: 212 - Malignant, 357 - Benign\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Creator:  Dr. William H. Wolberg, W. Nick Street, Olvi L. Mangasarian\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Donor: Nick Street\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Date: November, 1995\n",
      "\n",
      "This is a copy of UCI ML Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) datasets.\n",
      "https://goo.gl/U2Uwz2\n",
      "\n",
      "Features are computed from a digitized image of a fine needle\n",
      "aspirate (FNA) of a breast mass.  They describe\n",
      "characteristics of the cell nuclei present in the image.\n",
      "\n",
      "Separating plane described above was obtained using\n",
      "Multisurface Method-Tree (MSM-T) [K. P. Bennett, \"Decision Tree\n",
      "Construction Via Linear Programming.\" Proceedings of the 4th\n",
      "Midwest Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science Society,\n",
      "pp. 97-101, 1992], a classification method which uses linear\n",
      "programming to construct a decision tree.  Relevant features\n",
      "were selected using an exhaustive search in the space of 1-4\n",
      "features and 1-3 separating planes.\n",
      "\n",
      "The actual linear program used to obtain the separating plane\n",
      "in the 3-dimensional space is that described in:\n",
      "[K. P. Bennett and O. L. Mangasarian: \"Robust Linear\n",
      "Programming Discrimination of Two Linearly Inseparable Sets\",\n",
      "Optimization Methods and Software 1, 1992, 23-34].\n",
      "\n",
      "This database is also available through the UW CS ftp server:\n",
      "\n",
      "ftp ftp.cs.wisc.edu\n",
      "cd math-prog/cpo-dataset/machine-learn/WDBC/\n",
      "\n",
      "References\n",
      "----------\n",
      "   - W.N. Street, W.H. Wolberg and O.L. Mangasarian. Nuclear feature extraction \n",
      "     for breast tumor diagnosis. IS&T/SPIE 1993 International Symposium on \n",
      "     Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, volume 1905, pages 861-870,\n",
      "     San Jose, CA, 1993.\n",
      "   - O.L. Mangasarian, W.N. Street and W.H. Wolberg. Breast cancer diagnosis and \n",
      "     prognosis via linear programming. Operations Research, 43(4), pages 570-577, \n",
      "     July-August 1995.\n",
      "   - W.H. Wolberg, W.N. Street, and O.L. Mangasarian. Machine learning techniques\n",
      "     to diagnose breast cancer from fine-needle aspirates. Cancer Letters 77 (1994) \n",
      "     163-171.\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "from sklearn.datasets import load_breast_cancer\n",
    "\n",
    "cancer = load_breast_cancer()\n",
    "\n",
    "print(cancer.DESCR) # Print the data set description"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The object returned by `load_breast_cancer()` is a scikit-learn Bunch object, which is similar to a dictionary."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict_keys(['data', 'target', 'target_names', 'DESCR', 'feature_names'])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cancer.keys()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 0 (Example)\n",
    "\n",
    "How many features does the breast cancer dataset have?\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return an integer.*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "30"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 69,
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   "source": [
    "# You should write your whole answer within the function provided. The autograder will call\n",
    "# this function and compare the return value against the correct solution value\n",
    "def answer_zero():\n",
    "    # This function returns the number of features of the breast cancer dataset, which is an integer. \n",
    "    # The assignment question description will tell you the general format the autograder is expecting\n",
    "    return len(cancer['feature_names'])\n",
    "\n",
    "# You can examine what your function returns by calling it in the cell. If you have questions\n",
    "# about the assignment formats, check out the discussion forums for any FAQs\n",
    "answer_zero() "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 1\n",
    "\n",
    "Scikit-learn works with lists, numpy arrays, scipy-sparse matrices, and pandas DataFrames, so converting the dataset to a DataFrame is not necessary for training this model. Using a DataFrame does however help make many things easier such as munging data, so let's practice creating a classifier with a pandas DataFrame. \n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "Convert the sklearn.dataset `cancer` to a DataFrame. \n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a `(569, 31)` DataFrame with * \n",
    "\n",
    "*columns = *\n",
    "\n",
    "    ['mean radius', 'mean texture', 'mean perimeter', 'mean area',\n",
    "    'mean smoothness', 'mean compactness', 'mean concavity',\n",
    "    'mean concave points', 'mean symmetry', 'mean fractal dimension',\n",
    "    'radius error', 'texture error', 'perimeter error', 'area error',\n",
    "    'smoothness error', 'compactness error', 'concavity error',\n",
    "    'concave points error', 'symmetry error', 'fractal dimension error',\n",
    "    'worst radius', 'worst texture', 'worst perimeter', 'worst area',\n",
    "    'worst smoothness', 'worst compactness', 'worst concavity',\n",
    "    'worst concave points', 'worst symmetry', 'worst fractal dimension',\n",
    "    'target']\n",
    "\n",
    "*and index = *\n",
    "\n",
    "    RangeIndex(start=0, stop=569, step=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "execution_count": 70,
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Features Column Size: 31\n",
      "Data Column Size: 31.0\n"
     ]
    },
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       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>mean radius</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean texture</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean perimeter</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean area</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean smoothness</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean compactness</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean concavity</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean concave points</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean symmetry</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean fractal dimension</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst texture</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst perimeter</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst area</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst smoothness</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst compactness</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst concavity</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst concave points</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst symmetry</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst fractal dimension</th>\n",
       "      <th>target</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>17.990</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.38</td>\n",
       "      <td>122.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>1001.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11840</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.27760</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.300100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.147100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2419</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07871</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.33</td>\n",
       "      <td>184.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16220</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.66560</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.71190</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26540</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4601</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11890</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>20.570</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.77</td>\n",
       "      <td>132.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>1326.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08474</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07864</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.086900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.070170</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1812</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05667</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.41</td>\n",
       "      <td>158.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>1956.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18660</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.24160</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08902</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>19.690</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>130.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1203.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10960</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.197400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.127900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2069</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05999</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.53</td>\n",
       "      <td>152.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>1709.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14440</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.42450</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.45040</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.24300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3613</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08758</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>11.420</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.38</td>\n",
       "      <td>77.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>386.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14250</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.28390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.241400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.105200</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2597</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09744</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>98.87</td>\n",
       "      <td>567.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20980</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.86630</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.68690</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.25750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.6638</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>20.290</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>135.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1297.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13280</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.198000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.104300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1809</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05883</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.67</td>\n",
       "      <td>152.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>1575.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13740</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.40000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16250</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2364</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07678</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>12.450</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>82.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>477.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12780</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.157800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.080890</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2087</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07613</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>103.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>741.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17910</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.52490</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.53550</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17410</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3985</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12440</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>18.250</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.98</td>\n",
       "      <td>119.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>1040.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09463</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.112700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.074000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1794</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05742</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>153.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>1606.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14420</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.25760</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.37840</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.19320</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3063</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08368</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.710</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.83</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>577.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11890</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16450</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.093660</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.059850</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2196</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07451</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.14</td>\n",
       "      <td>110.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>897.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16540</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.36820</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26780</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15560</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3196</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11510</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.000</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.82</td>\n",
       "      <td>87.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>519.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12730</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.19320</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.185900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.093530</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2350</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07389</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.73</td>\n",
       "      <td>106.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>739.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.54010</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.53900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4378</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10720</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>12.460</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.04</td>\n",
       "      <td>83.97</td>\n",
       "      <td>475.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11860</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23960</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.227300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.085430</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08243</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>40.68</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>711.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18530</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.05800</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.10500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4366</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>16.020</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.24</td>\n",
       "      <td>102.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>797.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08206</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.032990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.033230</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1528</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05697</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>123.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>1150.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11810</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15510</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14590</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09975</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2948</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08452</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>15.780</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.89</td>\n",
       "      <td>103.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>781.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09710</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12920</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.099540</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.066060</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1842</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06082</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.28</td>\n",
       "      <td>136.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>1299.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13960</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.56090</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.39650</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3792</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10480</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>19.170</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>132.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>1123.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09740</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.24580</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.206500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.111800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2397</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07800</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.94</td>\n",
       "      <td>151.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>1332.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10370</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.39030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.36390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17670</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3176</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10230</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>15.850</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>103.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>782.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08401</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10020</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.099380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.053640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1847</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05338</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>112.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>876.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11310</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.19240</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23220</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11190</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2809</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06287</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.730</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.61</td>\n",
       "      <td>93.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>578.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11310</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22930</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.212800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.080250</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2069</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07682</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>697.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16510</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.77250</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.69430</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22080</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3596</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14310</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.540</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.54</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.73</td>\n",
       "      <td>658.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15950</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.163900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.073640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2303</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07077</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.13</td>\n",
       "      <td>124.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>943.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16780</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.65770</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.70260</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17120</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4218</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13410</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.680</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.13</td>\n",
       "      <td>94.74</td>\n",
       "      <td>684.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09867</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07200</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.073950</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.052590</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1586</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05922</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>123.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>1138.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18710</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.29140</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16090</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3029</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08216</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>16.130</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.68</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>798.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20220</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.172200</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.102800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2164</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07356</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.48</td>\n",
       "      <td>136.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>1315.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17890</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.42330</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.47840</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20730</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3706</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11420</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>19.810</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>130.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1260.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09831</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10270</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.147900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.094980</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1582</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05395</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>186.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>2398.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15120</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.31500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.53720</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23880</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2768</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07615</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.540</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.36</td>\n",
       "      <td>87.46</td>\n",
       "      <td>566.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09779</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08129</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.066640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.047810</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1885</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05766</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>711.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17730</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12880</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2977</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07259</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.080</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.71</td>\n",
       "      <td>85.63</td>\n",
       "      <td>520.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.045680</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.031100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1967</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06811</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.49</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.09</td>\n",
       "      <td>630.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13120</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.27760</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07283</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3184</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08183</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>9.504</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.44</td>\n",
       "      <td>60.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>273.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10240</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06492</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.029560</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.020760</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1815</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06905</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.13</td>\n",
       "      <td>314.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13240</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11480</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08867</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06227</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2450</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07773</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>15.340</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>102.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>704.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10730</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.21350</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.207700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.097560</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2521</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07032</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.08</td>\n",
       "      <td>125.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>980.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.59540</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.63050</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23930</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4667</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09946</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>21.160</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.04</td>\n",
       "      <td>137.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>1404.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09428</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10220</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.109700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.086320</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1769</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05278</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.59</td>\n",
       "      <td>188.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2615.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14010</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.31550</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20090</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2822</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07526</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>16.650</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.38</td>\n",
       "      <td>110.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>904.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11210</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14570</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.152500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.091700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1995</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06330</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>177.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2215.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18050</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.35780</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.46950</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20950</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3613</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09564</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>17.140</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>116.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>912.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11860</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22760</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.222900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.140100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3040</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07413</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>152.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>1461.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15450</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.39490</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.38530</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.25500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4066</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10590</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.580</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.53</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.41</td>\n",
       "      <td>644.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10540</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18680</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.142500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.087830</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2252</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06924</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.21</td>\n",
       "      <td>122.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>896.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15250</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.66430</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.55390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.27010</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4264</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>18.610</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>122.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1094.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09440</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10660</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.149000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.077310</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1697</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05699</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>139.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>1403.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.21170</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.34460</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2341</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07421</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>15.300</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.27</td>\n",
       "      <td>102.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>732.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10820</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16970</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.168300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.087510</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1926</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06540</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.71</td>\n",
       "      <td>149.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>1269.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16410</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.61100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.63350</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20240</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4027</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09876</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>17.570</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.05</td>\n",
       "      <td>115.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>955.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09847</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11570</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.098750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.079530</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1739</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06149</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>134.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>1227.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12550</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.28120</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.24890</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14560</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2756</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07919</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>539</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.691</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.44</td>\n",
       "      <td>48.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>170.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08668</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.092520</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.013640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2037</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07751</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.89</td>\n",
       "      <td>54.49</td>\n",
       "      <td>223.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15960</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.33930</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2790</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10660</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>540</th>\n",
       "      <td>11.540</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.44</td>\n",
       "      <td>74.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>402.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09984</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11200</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.067370</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.025940</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1818</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06782</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.68</td>\n",
       "      <td>78.78</td>\n",
       "      <td>457.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13450</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.21180</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17970</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06918</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2329</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08134</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>541</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.470</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>95.81</td>\n",
       "      <td>656.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08837</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.100900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.038900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1872</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06341</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.73</td>\n",
       "      <td>113.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>808.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.42020</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.40400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12050</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3187</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10230</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>542</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.740</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.42</td>\n",
       "      <td>94.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>668.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08275</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07214</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.041050</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.030270</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1840</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05680</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.29</td>\n",
       "      <td>107.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>826.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13760</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16110</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10950</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2722</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06956</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>543</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.210</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.06</td>\n",
       "      <td>84.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>538.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08671</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06877</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.029870</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.032750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1628</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05781</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.17</td>\n",
       "      <td>92.48</td>\n",
       "      <td>629.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10720</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13810</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10620</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07958</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2473</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06443</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>544</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.870</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>89.77</td>\n",
       "      <td>584.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09578</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10180</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.036880</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.023690</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1620</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06688</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.17</td>\n",
       "      <td>688.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20370</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13770</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06845</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08492</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>545</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.620</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.23</td>\n",
       "      <td>87.19</td>\n",
       "      <td>573.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09246</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06747</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.029740</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.024430</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1664</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05801</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.09</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>729.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12160</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15170</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10490</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07174</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2642</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06953</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>546</th>\n",
       "      <td>10.320</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.35</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.31</td>\n",
       "      <td>324.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09434</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04994</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.010120</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.005495</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1885</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06201</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.77</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.12</td>\n",
       "      <td>384.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12850</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08842</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04384</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.02381</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2681</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07399</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>547</th>\n",
       "      <td>10.260</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>320.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08877</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08066</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.043580</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.024380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06714</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.04</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.08</td>\n",
       "      <td>357.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14610</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22460</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17830</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08333</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2691</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09479</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>548</th>\n",
       "      <td>9.683</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>61.05</td>\n",
       "      <td>285.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08491</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.023370</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.009615</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1580</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06235</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.59</td>\n",
       "      <td>69.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>364.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09546</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09350</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.03846</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2552</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07920</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>549</th>\n",
       "      <td>10.820</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.21</td>\n",
       "      <td>68.89</td>\n",
       "      <td>361.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08192</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06602</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.015480</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.008160</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1976</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06328</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.45</td>\n",
       "      <td>83.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>505.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12040</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16330</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06194</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.03264</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3059</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07626</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>550</th>\n",
       "      <td>10.860</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.48</td>\n",
       "      <td>68.51</td>\n",
       "      <td>360.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07431</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04227</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1661</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05948</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.77</td>\n",
       "      <td>74.08</td>\n",
       "      <td>412.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10010</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07348</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2458</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06592</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>551</th>\n",
       "      <td>11.130</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.44</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.49</td>\n",
       "      <td>378.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09566</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08194</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.048240</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.022570</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06552</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>77.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>436.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10870</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17820</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06413</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3169</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08032</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>552</th>\n",
       "      <td>12.770</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.43</td>\n",
       "      <td>81.35</td>\n",
       "      <td>507.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08276</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04234</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.019970</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.014990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1539</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05637</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>88.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>594.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12340</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08653</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06498</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2407</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06484</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>553</th>\n",
       "      <td>9.333</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.94</td>\n",
       "      <td>59.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>264.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09240</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05605</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.039960</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.012820</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1692</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06576</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.05</td>\n",
       "      <td>62.86</td>\n",
       "      <td>295.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08298</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07993</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.02564</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2435</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07393</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>554</th>\n",
       "      <td>12.880</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.92</td>\n",
       "      <td>82.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>514.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08123</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05824</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.061950</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.023430</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1566</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05708</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.74</td>\n",
       "      <td>88.84</td>\n",
       "      <td>595.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12270</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16200</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.24390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06493</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2372</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07242</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>555</th>\n",
       "      <td>10.290</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.61</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.67</td>\n",
       "      <td>321.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07658</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.059990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.027380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1593</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06127</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.91</td>\n",
       "      <td>69.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>357.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13840</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09127</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2226</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08283</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>556</th>\n",
       "      <td>10.160</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.59</td>\n",
       "      <td>64.73</td>\n",
       "      <td>311.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07504</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.005025</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.011160</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1791</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06331</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>67.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>347.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12650</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01005</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.02232</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2262</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06742</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>557</th>\n",
       "      <td>9.423</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>59.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>271.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08123</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04971</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1742</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06059</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.24</td>\n",
       "      <td>66.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>330.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10730</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07158</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2475</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06969</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>558</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.590</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.68</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.39</td>\n",
       "      <td>657.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08473</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.102900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.037360</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1454</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06147</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.27</td>\n",
       "      <td>105.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>733.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10260</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.31710</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.36620</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11050</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2258</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08004</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>559</th>\n",
       "      <td>11.510</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.93</td>\n",
       "      <td>74.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>403.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09261</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10210</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.111200</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.041050</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1388</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06570</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.16</td>\n",
       "      <td>82.28</td>\n",
       "      <td>474.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12980</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.25170</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.36300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09653</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2112</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08732</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>560</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.050</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>91.38</td>\n",
       "      <td>600.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09929</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11260</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.044620</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.043040</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1537</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06171</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.17</td>\n",
       "      <td>100.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>706.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12410</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13260</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10480</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2250</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08321</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>561</th>\n",
       "      <td>11.200</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.37</td>\n",
       "      <td>70.67</td>\n",
       "      <td>386.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07449</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.03558</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1060</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05502</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>38.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>75.19</td>\n",
       "      <td>439.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09267</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05494</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1566</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05905</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>562</th>\n",
       "      <td>15.220</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.62</td>\n",
       "      <td>103.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>716.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10480</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20870</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.255000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.094290</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2128</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07152</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.79</td>\n",
       "      <td>128.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>915.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14170</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.79170</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.17000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23560</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4089</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14090</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>563</th>\n",
       "      <td>20.920</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.09</td>\n",
       "      <td>143.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1347.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22360</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.317400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.147400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2149</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06879</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.41</td>\n",
       "      <td>179.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1819.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14070</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.41860</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.65990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.25420</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2929</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09873</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>564</th>\n",
       "      <td>21.560</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.39</td>\n",
       "      <td>142.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1479.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11590</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.243900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.138900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1726</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05623</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>166.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>2027.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.21130</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.41070</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22160</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2060</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07115</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>565</th>\n",
       "      <td>20.130</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>131.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>1261.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09780</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10340</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.144000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.097910</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1752</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>38.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>155.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1731.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11660</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.19220</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.32150</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16280</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2572</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06637</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>566</th>\n",
       "      <td>16.600</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.08</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>858.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08455</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10230</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.092510</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.053020</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1590</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05648</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.12</td>\n",
       "      <td>126.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>1124.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30940</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.34030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14180</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2218</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07820</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>567</th>\n",
       "      <td>20.600</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.33</td>\n",
       "      <td>140.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1265.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11780</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.27700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.351400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.152000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2397</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07016</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>39.42</td>\n",
       "      <td>184.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>1821.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.86810</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.93870</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4087</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>568</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.760</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.54</td>\n",
       "      <td>47.92</td>\n",
       "      <td>181.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05263</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04362</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1587</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05884</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.37</td>\n",
       "      <td>59.16</td>\n",
       "      <td>268.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08996</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06444</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2871</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07039</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>569 rows × 31 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     mean radius  mean texture  mean perimeter  mean area  mean smoothness  \\\n",
       "0         17.990         10.38          122.80     1001.0          0.11840   \n",
       "1         20.570         17.77          132.90     1326.0          0.08474   \n",
       "2         19.690         21.25          130.00     1203.0          0.10960   \n",
       "3         11.420         20.38           77.58      386.1          0.14250   \n",
       "4         20.290         14.34          135.10     1297.0          0.10030   \n",
       "5         12.450         15.70           82.57      477.1          0.12780   \n",
       "6         18.250         19.98          119.60     1040.0          0.09463   \n",
       "7         13.710         20.83           90.20      577.9          0.11890   \n",
       "8         13.000         21.82           87.50      519.8          0.12730   \n",
       "9         12.460         24.04           83.97      475.9          0.11860   \n",
       "10        16.020         23.24          102.70      797.8          0.08206   \n",
       "11        15.780         17.89          103.60      781.0          0.09710   \n",
       "12        19.170         24.80          132.40     1123.0          0.09740   \n",
       "13        15.850         23.95          103.70      782.7          0.08401   \n",
       "14        13.730         22.61           93.60      578.3          0.11310   \n",
       "15        14.540         27.54           96.73      658.8          0.11390   \n",
       "16        14.680         20.13           94.74      684.5          0.09867   \n",
       "17        16.130         20.68          108.10      798.8          0.11700   \n",
       "18        19.810         22.15          130.00     1260.0          0.09831   \n",
       "19        13.540         14.36           87.46      566.3          0.09779   \n",
       "20        13.080         15.71           85.63      520.0          0.10750   \n",
       "21         9.504         12.44           60.34      273.9          0.10240   \n",
       "22        15.340         14.26          102.50      704.4          0.10730   \n",
       "23        21.160         23.04          137.20     1404.0          0.09428   \n",
       "24        16.650         21.38          110.00      904.6          0.11210   \n",
       "25        17.140         16.40          116.00      912.7          0.11860   \n",
       "26        14.580         21.53           97.41      644.8          0.10540   \n",
       "27        18.610         20.25          122.10     1094.0          0.09440   \n",
       "28        15.300         25.27          102.40      732.4          0.10820   \n",
       "29        17.570         15.05          115.00      955.1          0.09847   \n",
       "..           ...           ...             ...        ...              ...   \n",
       "539        7.691         25.44           48.34      170.4          0.08668   \n",
       "540       11.540         14.44           74.65      402.9          0.09984   \n",
       "541       14.470         24.99           95.81      656.4          0.08837   \n",
       "542       14.740         25.42           94.70      668.6          0.08275   \n",
       "543       13.210         28.06           84.88      538.4          0.08671   \n",
       "544       13.870         20.70           89.77      584.8          0.09578   \n",
       "545       13.620         23.23           87.19      573.2          0.09246   \n",
       "546       10.320         16.35           65.31      324.9          0.09434   \n",
       "547       10.260         16.58           65.85      320.8          0.08877   \n",
       "548        9.683         19.34           61.05      285.7          0.08491   \n",
       "549       10.820         24.21           68.89      361.6          0.08192   \n",
       "550       10.860         21.48           68.51      360.5          0.07431   \n",
       "551       11.130         22.44           71.49      378.4          0.09566   \n",
       "552       12.770         29.43           81.35      507.9          0.08276   \n",
       "553        9.333         21.94           59.01      264.0          0.09240   \n",
       "554       12.880         28.92           82.50      514.3          0.08123   \n",
       "555       10.290         27.61           65.67      321.4          0.09030   \n",
       "556       10.160         19.59           64.73      311.7          0.10030   \n",
       "557        9.423         27.88           59.26      271.3          0.08123   \n",
       "558       14.590         22.68           96.39      657.1          0.08473   \n",
       "559       11.510         23.93           74.52      403.5          0.09261   \n",
       "560       14.050         27.15           91.38      600.4          0.09929   \n",
       "561       11.200         29.37           70.67      386.0          0.07449   \n",
       "562       15.220         30.62          103.40      716.9          0.10480   \n",
       "563       20.920         25.09          143.00     1347.0          0.10990   \n",
       "564       21.560         22.39          142.00     1479.0          0.11100   \n",
       "565       20.130         28.25          131.20     1261.0          0.09780   \n",
       "566       16.600         28.08          108.30      858.1          0.08455   \n",
       "567       20.600         29.33          140.10     1265.0          0.11780   \n",
       "568        7.760         24.54           47.92      181.0          0.05263   \n",
       "\n",
       "     mean compactness  mean concavity  mean concave points  mean symmetry  \\\n",
       "0             0.27760        0.300100             0.147100         0.2419   \n",
       "1             0.07864        0.086900             0.070170         0.1812   \n",
       "2             0.15990        0.197400             0.127900         0.2069   \n",
       "3             0.28390        0.241400             0.105200         0.2597   \n",
       "4             0.13280        0.198000             0.104300         0.1809   \n",
       "5             0.17000        0.157800             0.080890         0.2087   \n",
       "6             0.10900        0.112700             0.074000         0.1794   \n",
       "7             0.16450        0.093660             0.059850         0.2196   \n",
       "8             0.19320        0.185900             0.093530         0.2350   \n",
       "9             0.23960        0.227300             0.085430         0.2030   \n",
       "10            0.06669        0.032990             0.033230         0.1528   \n",
       "11            0.12920        0.099540             0.066060         0.1842   \n",
       "12            0.24580        0.206500             0.111800         0.2397   \n",
       "13            0.10020        0.099380             0.053640         0.1847   \n",
       "14            0.22930        0.212800             0.080250         0.2069   \n",
       "15            0.15950        0.163900             0.073640         0.2303   \n",
       "16            0.07200        0.073950             0.052590         0.1586   \n",
       "17            0.20220        0.172200             0.102800         0.2164   \n",
       "18            0.10270        0.147900             0.094980         0.1582   \n",
       "19            0.08129        0.066640             0.047810         0.1885   \n",
       "20            0.12700        0.045680             0.031100         0.1967   \n",
       "21            0.06492        0.029560             0.020760         0.1815   \n",
       "22            0.21350        0.207700             0.097560         0.2521   \n",
       "23            0.10220        0.109700             0.086320         0.1769   \n",
       "24            0.14570        0.152500             0.091700         0.1995   \n",
       "25            0.22760        0.222900             0.140100         0.3040   \n",
       "26            0.18680        0.142500             0.087830         0.2252   \n",
       "27            0.10660        0.149000             0.077310         0.1697   \n",
       "28            0.16970        0.168300             0.087510         0.1926   \n",
       "29            0.11570        0.098750             0.079530         0.1739   \n",
       "..                ...             ...                  ...            ...   \n",
       "539           0.11990        0.092520             0.013640         0.2037   \n",
       "540           0.11200        0.067370             0.025940         0.1818   \n",
       "541           0.12300        0.100900             0.038900         0.1872   \n",
       "542           0.07214        0.041050             0.030270         0.1840   \n",
       "543           0.06877        0.029870             0.032750         0.1628   \n",
       "544           0.10180        0.036880             0.023690         0.1620   \n",
       "545           0.06747        0.029740             0.024430         0.1664   \n",
       "546           0.04994        0.010120             0.005495         0.1885   \n",
       "547           0.08066        0.043580             0.024380         0.1669   \n",
       "548           0.05030        0.023370             0.009615         0.1580   \n",
       "549           0.06602        0.015480             0.008160         0.1976   \n",
       "550           0.04227        0.000000             0.000000         0.1661   \n",
       "551           0.08194        0.048240             0.022570         0.2030   \n",
       "552           0.04234        0.019970             0.014990         0.1539   \n",
       "553           0.05605        0.039960             0.012820         0.1692   \n",
       "554           0.05824        0.061950             0.023430         0.1566   \n",
       "555           0.07658        0.059990             0.027380         0.1593   \n",
       "556           0.07504        0.005025             0.011160         0.1791   \n",
       "557           0.04971        0.000000             0.000000         0.1742   \n",
       "558           0.13300        0.102900             0.037360         0.1454   \n",
       "559           0.10210        0.111200             0.041050         0.1388   \n",
       "560           0.11260        0.044620             0.043040         0.1537   \n",
       "561           0.03558        0.000000             0.000000         0.1060   \n",
       "562           0.20870        0.255000             0.094290         0.2128   \n",
       "563           0.22360        0.317400             0.147400         0.2149   \n",
       "564           0.11590        0.243900             0.138900         0.1726   \n",
       "565           0.10340        0.144000             0.097910         0.1752   \n",
       "566           0.10230        0.092510             0.053020         0.1590   \n",
       "567           0.27700        0.351400             0.152000         0.2397   \n",
       "568           0.04362        0.000000             0.000000         0.1587   \n",
       "\n",
       "     mean fractal dimension   ...    worst texture  worst perimeter  \\\n",
       "0                   0.07871   ...            17.33           184.60   \n",
       "1                   0.05667   ...            23.41           158.80   \n",
       "2                   0.05999   ...            25.53           152.50   \n",
       "3                   0.09744   ...            26.50            98.87   \n",
       "4                   0.05883   ...            16.67           152.20   \n",
       "5                   0.07613   ...            23.75           103.40   \n",
       "6                   0.05742   ...            27.66           153.20   \n",
       "7                   0.07451   ...            28.14           110.60   \n",
       "8                   0.07389   ...            30.73           106.20   \n",
       "9                   0.08243   ...            40.68            97.65   \n",
       "10                  0.05697   ...            33.88           123.80   \n",
       "11                  0.06082   ...            27.28           136.50   \n",
       "12                  0.07800   ...            29.94           151.70   \n",
       "13                  0.05338   ...            27.66           112.00   \n",
       "14                  0.07682   ...            32.01           108.80   \n",
       "15                  0.07077   ...            37.13           124.10   \n",
       "16                  0.05922   ...            30.88           123.40   \n",
       "17                  0.07356   ...            31.48           136.80   \n",
       "18                  0.05395   ...            30.88           186.80   \n",
       "19                  0.05766   ...            19.26            99.70   \n",
       "20                  0.06811   ...            20.49            96.09   \n",
       "21                  0.06905   ...            15.66            65.13   \n",
       "22                  0.07032   ...            19.08           125.10   \n",
       "23                  0.05278   ...            35.59           188.00   \n",
       "24                  0.06330   ...            31.56           177.00   \n",
       "25                  0.07413   ...            21.40           152.40   \n",
       "26                  0.06924   ...            33.21           122.40   \n",
       "27                  0.05699   ...            27.26           139.90   \n",
       "28                  0.06540   ...            36.71           149.30   \n",
       "29                  0.06149   ...            19.52           134.90   \n",
       "..                      ...   ...              ...              ...   \n",
       "539                 0.07751   ...            31.89            54.49   \n",
       "540                 0.06782   ...            19.68            78.78   \n",
       "541                 0.06341   ...            31.73           113.50   \n",
       "542                 0.05680   ...            32.29           107.40   \n",
       "543                 0.05781   ...            37.17            92.48   \n",
       "544                 0.06688   ...            24.75            99.17   \n",
       "545                 0.05801   ...            29.09            97.58   \n",
       "546                 0.06201   ...            21.77            71.12   \n",
       "547                 0.06714   ...            22.04            71.08   \n",
       "548                 0.06235   ...            25.59            69.10   \n",
       "549                 0.06328   ...            31.45            83.90   \n",
       "550                 0.05948   ...            24.77            74.08   \n",
       "551                 0.06552   ...            28.26            77.80   \n",
       "552                 0.05637   ...            36.00            88.10   \n",
       "553                 0.06576   ...            25.05            62.86   \n",
       "554                 0.05708   ...            35.74            88.84   \n",
       "555                 0.06127   ...            34.91            69.57   \n",
       "556                 0.06331   ...            22.88            67.88   \n",
       "557                 0.06059   ...            34.24            66.50   \n",
       "558                 0.06147   ...            27.27           105.90   \n",
       "559                 0.06570   ...            37.16            82.28   \n",
       "560                 0.06171   ...            33.17           100.20   \n",
       "561                 0.05502   ...            38.30            75.19   \n",
       "562                 0.07152   ...            42.79           128.70   \n",
       "563                 0.06879   ...            29.41           179.10   \n",
       "564                 0.05623   ...            26.40           166.10   \n",
       "565                 0.05533   ...            38.25           155.00   \n",
       "566                 0.05648   ...            34.12           126.70   \n",
       "567                 0.07016   ...            39.42           184.60   \n",
       "568                 0.05884   ...            30.37            59.16   \n",
       "\n",
       "     worst area  worst smoothness  worst compactness  worst concavity  \\\n",
       "0        2019.0           0.16220            0.66560          0.71190   \n",
       "1        1956.0           0.12380            0.18660          0.24160   \n",
       "2        1709.0           0.14440            0.42450          0.45040   \n",
       "3         567.7           0.20980            0.86630          0.68690   \n",
       "4        1575.0           0.13740            0.20500          0.40000   \n",
       "5         741.6           0.17910            0.52490          0.53550   \n",
       "6        1606.0           0.14420            0.25760          0.37840   \n",
       "7         897.0           0.16540            0.36820          0.26780   \n",
       "8         739.3           0.17030            0.54010          0.53900   \n",
       "9         711.4           0.18530            1.05800          1.10500   \n",
       "10       1150.0           0.11810            0.15510          0.14590   \n",
       "11       1299.0           0.13960            0.56090          0.39650   \n",
       "12       1332.0           0.10370            0.39030          0.36390   \n",
       "13        876.5           0.11310            0.19240          0.23220   \n",
       "14        697.7           0.16510            0.77250          0.69430   \n",
       "15        943.2           0.16780            0.65770          0.70260   \n",
       "16       1138.0           0.14640            0.18710          0.29140   \n",
       "17       1315.0           0.17890            0.42330          0.47840   \n",
       "18       2398.0           0.15120            0.31500          0.53720   \n",
       "19        711.2           0.14400            0.17730          0.23900   \n",
       "20        630.5           0.13120            0.27760          0.18900   \n",
       "21        314.9           0.13240            0.11480          0.08867   \n",
       "22        980.9           0.13900            0.59540          0.63050   \n",
       "23       2615.0           0.14010            0.26000          0.31550   \n",
       "24       2215.0           0.18050            0.35780          0.46950   \n",
       "25       1461.0           0.15450            0.39490          0.38530   \n",
       "26        896.9           0.15250            0.66430          0.55390   \n",
       "27       1403.0           0.13380            0.21170          0.34460   \n",
       "28       1269.0           0.16410            0.61100          0.63350   \n",
       "29       1227.0           0.12550            0.28120          0.24890   \n",
       "..          ...               ...                ...              ...   \n",
       "539       223.6           0.15960            0.30640          0.33930   \n",
       "540       457.8           0.13450            0.21180          0.17970   \n",
       "541       808.9           0.13400            0.42020          0.40400   \n",
       "542       826.4           0.10600            0.13760          0.16110   \n",
       "543       629.6           0.10720            0.13810          0.10620   \n",
       "544       688.6           0.12640            0.20370          0.13770   \n",
       "545       729.8           0.12160            0.15170          0.10490   \n",
       "546       384.9           0.12850            0.08842          0.04384   \n",
       "547       357.4           0.14610            0.22460          0.17830   \n",
       "548       364.2           0.11990            0.09546          0.09350   \n",
       "549       505.6           0.12040            0.16330          0.06194   \n",
       "550       412.3           0.10010            0.07348          0.00000   \n",
       "551       436.6           0.10870            0.17820          0.15640   \n",
       "552       594.7           0.12340            0.10640          0.08653   \n",
       "553       295.8           0.11030            0.08298          0.07993   \n",
       "554       595.7           0.12270            0.16200          0.24390   \n",
       "555       357.6           0.13840            0.17100          0.20000   \n",
       "556       347.3           0.12650            0.12000          0.01005   \n",
       "557       330.6           0.10730            0.07158          0.00000   \n",
       "558       733.5           0.10260            0.31710          0.36620   \n",
       "559       474.2           0.12980            0.25170          0.36300   \n",
       "560       706.7           0.12410            0.22640          0.13260   \n",
       "561       439.6           0.09267            0.05494          0.00000   \n",
       "562       915.0           0.14170            0.79170          1.17000   \n",
       "563      1819.0           0.14070            0.41860          0.65990   \n",
       "564      2027.0           0.14100            0.21130          0.41070   \n",
       "565      1731.0           0.11660            0.19220          0.32150   \n",
       "566      1124.0           0.11390            0.30940          0.34030   \n",
       "567      1821.0           0.16500            0.86810          0.93870   \n",
       "568       268.6           0.08996            0.06444          0.00000   \n",
       "\n",
       "     worst concave points  worst symmetry  worst fractal dimension  target  \n",
       "0                 0.26540          0.4601                  0.11890     0.0  \n",
       "1                 0.18600          0.2750                  0.08902     0.0  \n",
       "2                 0.24300          0.3613                  0.08758     0.0  \n",
       "3                 0.25750          0.6638                  0.17300     0.0  \n",
       "4                 0.16250          0.2364                  0.07678     0.0  \n",
       "5                 0.17410          0.3985                  0.12440     0.0  \n",
       "6                 0.19320          0.3063                  0.08368     0.0  \n",
       "7                 0.15560          0.3196                  0.11510     0.0  \n",
       "8                 0.20600          0.4378                  0.10720     0.0  \n",
       "9                 0.22100          0.4366                  0.20750     0.0  \n",
       "10                0.09975          0.2948                  0.08452     0.0  \n",
       "11                0.18100          0.3792                  0.10480     0.0  \n",
       "12                0.17670          0.3176                  0.10230     0.0  \n",
       "13                0.11190          0.2809                  0.06287     0.0  \n",
       "14                0.22080          0.3596                  0.14310     0.0  \n",
       "15                0.17120          0.4218                  0.13410     0.0  \n",
       "16                0.16090          0.3029                  0.08216     0.0  \n",
       "17                0.20730          0.3706                  0.11420     0.0  \n",
       "18                0.23880          0.2768                  0.07615     0.0  \n",
       "19                0.12880          0.2977                  0.07259     1.0  \n",
       "20                0.07283          0.3184                  0.08183     1.0  \n",
       "21                0.06227          0.2450                  0.07773     1.0  \n",
       "22                0.23930          0.4667                  0.09946     0.0  \n",
       "23                0.20090          0.2822                  0.07526     0.0  \n",
       "24                0.20950          0.3613                  0.09564     0.0  \n",
       "25                0.25500          0.4066                  0.10590     0.0  \n",
       "26                0.27010          0.4264                  0.12750     0.0  \n",
       "27                0.14900          0.2341                  0.07421     0.0  \n",
       "28                0.20240          0.4027                  0.09876     0.0  \n",
       "29                0.14560          0.2756                  0.07919     0.0  \n",
       "..                    ...             ...                      ...     ...  \n",
       "539               0.05000          0.2790                  0.10660     1.0  \n",
       "540               0.06918          0.2329                  0.08134     1.0  \n",
       "541               0.12050          0.3187                  0.10230     1.0  \n",
       "542               0.10950          0.2722                  0.06956     1.0  \n",
       "543               0.07958          0.2473                  0.06443     1.0  \n",
       "544               0.06845          0.2249                  0.08492     1.0  \n",
       "545               0.07174          0.2642                  0.06953     1.0  \n",
       "546               0.02381          0.2681                  0.07399     1.0  \n",
       "547               0.08333          0.2691                  0.09479     1.0  \n",
       "548               0.03846          0.2552                  0.07920     1.0  \n",
       "549               0.03264          0.3059                  0.07626     1.0  \n",
       "550               0.00000          0.2458                  0.06592     1.0  \n",
       "551               0.06413          0.3169                  0.08032     1.0  \n",
       "552               0.06498          0.2407                  0.06484     1.0  \n",
       "553               0.02564          0.2435                  0.07393     1.0  \n",
       "554               0.06493          0.2372                  0.07242     1.0  \n",
       "555               0.09127          0.2226                  0.08283     1.0  \n",
       "556               0.02232          0.2262                  0.06742     1.0  \n",
       "557               0.00000          0.2475                  0.06969     1.0  \n",
       "558               0.11050          0.2258                  0.08004     1.0  \n",
       "559               0.09653          0.2112                  0.08732     1.0  \n",
       "560               0.10480          0.2250                  0.08321     1.0  \n",
       "561               0.00000          0.1566                  0.05905     1.0  \n",
       "562               0.23560          0.4089                  0.14090     0.0  \n",
       "563               0.25420          0.2929                  0.09873     0.0  \n",
       "564               0.22160          0.2060                  0.07115     0.0  \n",
       "565               0.16280          0.2572                  0.06637     0.0  \n",
       "566               0.14180          0.2218                  0.07820     0.0  \n",
       "567               0.26500          0.4087                  0.12400     0.0  \n",
       "568               0.00000          0.2871                  0.07039     1.0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[569 rows x 31 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 70,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def answer_one():\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Your code here\n",
    "    columns = np.append(cancer.feature_names, 'target');   \n",
    "    print(\"Features Column Size: \" + str(np.size(columns)))\n",
    "    \n",
    "    index = pd.RangeIndex(start=0, stop=569, step=1);\n",
    "   \n",
    "    data = np.column_stack((cancer.data, cancer.target))\n",
    "    print(\"Data Column Size: \" + str(np.size(data) / 569))\n",
    "    \n",
    " \n",
    "    df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, index=index, columns=columns)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return df\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "answer_one()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "###### Question 2\n",
    "What is the class distribution? (i.e. how many instances of `malignant` (encoded 0) and how many `benign` (encoded 1)?)\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a Series named `target` of length 2 with integer values and index =* `['malignant', 'benign']`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Features Column Size: 31\n",
      "Data Column Size: 31.0\n",
      "[212, 357]\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "malignant    212\n",
       "benign       357\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 71,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def answer_two():\n",
    "    cancerdf = answer_one()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Your code here\n",
    "    index = ['malignant', 'benign']\n",
    "    \n",
    "   \n",
    "    malignants = np.where(cancerdf['target'] == 0.0);\n",
    "    benings = np.where(cancerdf['target'] == 1.0);\n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "    data = [np.size(malignants), np.size(benings)]\n",
    "    print(data)\n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "    series = pd.Series(data, index=index)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return series # Return your answer\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "answer_two()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 3\n",
    "Split the DataFrame into `X` (the data) and `y` (the labels).\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a tuple of length 2:* `(X, y)`*, where* \n",
    "* `X`*, a pandas DataFrame, has shape* `(569, 30)`\n",
    "* `y`*, a pandas Series, has shape* `(569,)`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def answer_three():\n",
    "    cancerdf = answer_one()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Your code here\n",
    "    X = cancerdf.drop('target', axis=1)\n",
    "    y = cancerdf.get('target')\n",
    "    \n",
    "    \n",
    "    return X, y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 4\n",
    "Using `train_test_split`, split `X` and `y` into training and test sets `(X_train, X_test, y_train, and y_test)`.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Set the random number generator state to 0 using `random_state=0` to make sure your results match the autograder!**\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a tuple of length 4:* `(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test)`*, where* \n",
    "* `X_train` *has shape* `(426, 30)`\n",
    "* `X_test` *has shape* `(143, 30)`\n",
    "* `y_train` *has shape* `(426,)`\n",
    "* `y_test` *has shape* `(143,)`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
    "\n",
    "def answer_four():\n",
    "    X, y = answer_three()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Your code here\n",
    "    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, random_state=0)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 5\n",
    "Using KNeighborsClassifier, fit a k-nearest neighbors (knn) classifier with `X_train`, `y_train` and using one nearest neighbor (`n_neighbors = 1`).\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a * `sklearn.neighbors.classification.KNeighborsClassifier`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier\n",
    "\n",
    "def answer_five():\n",
    "    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = answer_four()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Your code here\n",
    "    knn = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors = 1)\n",
    "    knn.fit(X_train, y_train)\n",
    "    knn.score(X_test, y_test)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return knn # Return your answer"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 6\n",
    "Using your knn classifier, predict the class label using the mean value for each feature.\n",
    "\n",
    "Hint: You can use `cancerdf.mean()[:-1].values.reshape(1, -1)` which gets the mean value for each feature, ignores the target column, and reshapes the data from 1 dimension to 2 (necessary for the precict method of KNeighborsClassifier).\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a numpy array either `array([ 0.])` or `array([ 1.])`*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def answer_six():\n",
    "    cancerdf = answer_one()\n",
    "    means = cancerdf.mean()[:-1].values.reshape(1, -1)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Your code here\n",
    "    \n",
    "    knn = answer_five()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return knn.predict(means)  # Return your answer"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 7\n",
    "Using your knn classifier, predict the class labels for the test set `X_test`.\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a numpy array with shape `(143,)` and values either `0.0` or `1.0`.*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def answer_seven():\n",
    "    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = answer_four()\n",
    "    knn = answer_five()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Your code here\n",
    "    \n",
    "    test_prediction = knn.predict(X_test)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return test_prediction# Return your answer"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 8\n",
    "Find the score (mean accuracy) of your knn classifier using `X_test` and `y_test`.\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a float between 0 and 1*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Features Column Size: 31\n",
      "Data Column Size: 31.0\n",
      "Features Column Size: 31\n",
      "Data Column Size: 31.0\n",
      "Accuaracy: 0.916083916084\n",
      "Features Column Size: 31\n",
      "Data Column Size: 31.0\n",
      "Features Column Size: 31\n",
      "Data Column Size: 31.0\n",
      "Going to be cancer: \n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.91608391608391604"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 78,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def answer_eight():\n",
    "    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = answer_four()\n",
    "    knn = answer_five()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Your code here\n",
    "    score = knn.score(X_test, y_test)\n",
    "    print(\"Accuaracy: \" + str(score))\n",
    "    \n",
    "    prediction = answer_six()\n",
    "    print(\"Going to be cancer: \" + str())\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return score # Return your answer\n",
    "\n",
    "answer_eight()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Optional plot\n",
    "\n",
    "Try using the plotting function below to visualize the differet predicition scores between training and test sets, as well as malignant and benign cells."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def accuracy_plot():\n",
    "    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "\n",
    "    get_ipython().magic('matplotlib notebook')\n",
    "\n",
    "    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = answer_four()\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Find the training and testing accuracies by target value (i.e. malignant, benign)\n",
    "    mal_train_X = X_train[y_train==0]\n",
    "    mal_train_y = y_train[y_train==0]\n",
    "    ben_train_X = X_train[y_train==1]\n",
    "    ben_train_y = y_train[y_train==1]\n",
    "\n",
    "    mal_test_X = X_test[y_test==0]\n",
    "    mal_test_y = y_test[y_test==0]\n",
    "    ben_test_X = X_test[y_test==1]\n",
    "    ben_test_y = y_test[y_test==1]\n",
    "\n",
    "    knn = answer_five()\n",
    "\n",
    "    scores = [knn.score(mal_train_X, mal_train_y), knn.score(ben_train_X, ben_train_y), \n",
    "              knn.score(mal_test_X, mal_test_y), knn.score(ben_test_X, ben_test_y)]\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "    plt.figure()\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Plot the scores as a bar chart\n",
    "    bars = plt.bar(np.arange(4), scores, color=['#4c72b0','#4c72b0','#55a868','#55a868'])\n",
    "\n",
    "    # directly label the score onto the bars\n",
    "    for bar in bars:\n",
    "        height = bar.get_height()\n",
    "        plt.gca().text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width()/2, height*.90, '{0:.{1}f}'.format(height, 2), \n",
    "                     ha='center', color='w', fontsize=11)\n",
    "\n",
    "    # remove all the ticks (both axes), and tick labels on the Y axis\n",
    "    plt.tick_params(top='off', bottom='off', left='off', right='off', labelleft='off', labelbottom='on')\n",
    "\n",
    "    # remove the frame of the chart\n",
    "    for spine in plt.gca().spines.values():\n",
    "        spine.set_visible(False)\n",
    "\n",
    "    plt.xticks([0,1,2,3], ['Malignant\\nTraining', 'Benign\\nTraining', 'Malignant\\nTest', 'Benign\\nTest'], alpha=0.8);\n",
    "    plt.title('Training and Test Accuracies for Malignant and Benign Cells', alpha=0.8)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Uncomment the plotting function to see the visualization.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Comment out** the plotting function when submitting your notebook for grading. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#accuracy_plot() "
   ]
  },
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   "execution_count": null,
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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