diff --git a/.github/scripts/determine-hub-deployments.py b/.github/scripts/determine-hub-deployments.py
index 3172858b5..43d876589 100755
--- a/.github/scripts/determine-hub-deployments.py
+++ b/.github/scripts/determine-hub-deployments.py
@@ -11,15 +11,19 @@
 
 If no hubs need deploying, nothing will be emitted.
 """
+
 import argparse
 import os
 
+
 def main(args):
     hubs = []
 
     # Deploy all hubs by getting deployment names from the dirs in deployments/
-    if "GITHUB_PR_LABEL_JUPYTERHUB_DEPLOYMENT" in os.environ.keys() or \
-        "GITHUB_PR_LABEL_HUB_IMAGES" in os.environ.keys():
+    if (
+        "GITHUB_PR_LABEL_JUPYTERHUB_DEPLOYMENT" in os.environ.keys()
+        or "GITHUB_PR_LABEL_HUB_IMAGES" in os.environ.keys()
+    ):
         for deployment in next(os.walk(args.deployments))[1]:
             if deployment not in args.ignore:
                 hubs.append(deployment)
@@ -27,8 +31,7 @@ def main(args):
     # Deploy only the modified/flagged hubs by PR labels
     else:
         hub_labels = [
-            k.lower() for k in os.environ.keys() 
-            if k.startswith("GITHUB_PR_LABEL_HUB_")
+            k.lower() for k in os.environ.keys() if k.startswith("GITHUB_PR_LABEL_HUB_")
         ]
         hubs = [x.split("_")[-1] for x in hub_labels]
         hubs = [x for x in hubs if x not in args.ignore]
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@ def main(args):
             continue
         print(h)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Get hubs that need to be deployed from environment variables."
@@ -47,7 +51,7 @@ def main(args):
         "--deployments",
         "-d",
         default="deployments",
-        help="The directory to search for deployments."
+        help="The directory to search for deployments.",
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--ignore",
@@ -55,13 +59,10 @@ def main(args):
         nargs="*",
         action="extend",
         default=["template"],
-        help="Ignore one or more deployment targets."
+        help="Ignore one or more deployment targets.",
     )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--only-deploy",
-        "-o",
-        nargs="*",
-        help="Only deploy the specified hubs."
+        "--only-deploy", "-o", nargs="*", help="Only deploy the specified hubs."
     )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
diff --git a/hub/Chart.yaml b/hub/Chart.yaml
index 20df2ce2c..5559675a6 100644
--- a/hub/Chart.yaml
+++ b/hub/Chart.yaml
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ apiVersion: v1
 appVersion: '1.0'
 description: Deployment Chart for JupyterHub
 name: hub
-version: 20240731-224556.git.8059.hf384f3d1
+version: 20240731-224556.git.8607.hf7abb041
diff --git a/images/node-placeholder-scaler/scaler/__main__.py b/images/node-placeholder-scaler/scaler/__main__.py
index b5169df4f..bfb5c7513 100644
--- a/images/node-placeholder-scaler/scaler/__main__.py
+++ b/images/node-placeholder-scaler/scaler/__main__.py
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
\ No newline at end of file
+    main()
diff --git a/images/node-placeholder-scaler/scaler/calendar.py b/images/node-placeholder-scaler/scaler/calendar.py
index 95ba45efa..d494620f4 100755
--- a/images/node-placeholder-scaler/scaler/calendar.py
+++ b/images/node-placeholder-scaler/scaler/calendar.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+
 def _event_repr(event):
     """
     Simple repr of a calenar event
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ def _event_repr(event):
         else:
             return f"{event.summary} {event.start.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M %Z')} to {event.end.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M %Z')}"
 
+
 def _get_cal_tz(calendar):
     """
     Get the calendar timezone.
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ def _get_cal_tz(calendar):
     else:
         return zoneinfo.ZoneInfo("UTC")
 
+
 def get_calendar(url: str):
     """
     Get a calendar from local file or URL.
@@ -62,6 +65,7 @@ def get_calendar(url: str):
     else:
         logging.error(f"Unable to get calendar from resource: {url}")
 
+
 def get_events(calendar, time=None):
     """
     Get events from a calendar.  If no time is passed, assume now.
@@ -80,6 +84,6 @@ def get_events(calendar, time=None):
     # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/753052/strip-html-from-strings-in-python
     events = [x for x in events_iter]
     for ev in events:
-        ev.description = re.sub('<[^<]+?>', '', ev.description)
+        ev.description = re.sub("<[^<]+?>", "", ev.description)
 
     return events
diff --git a/images/node-placeholder-scaler/scaler/scaler.py b/images/node-placeholder-scaler/scaler/scaler.py
index ea2e79af9..8265618bf 100755
--- a/images/node-placeholder-scaler/scaler/scaler.py
+++ b/images/node-placeholder-scaler/scaler/scaler.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 from .calendar import get_calendar, get_events, _event_repr
 
 from ruamel.yaml import YAML
+
 yaml = YAML(typ="safe")
 
 
@@ -54,7 +55,9 @@ def get_replica_counts(events):
             try:
                 pools_replica_config = yaml.load(ev.description)
             except Exception as e:
-                logging.error(f"Caught unhandled exception parsing event description:\n{e}")
+                logging.error(
+                    f"Caught unhandled exception parsing event description:\n{e}"
+                )
                 logging.error(f"Error in parsing description of {_event_repr(ev)}")
                 logging.error(f"{ev.description=}")
                 pass
diff --git a/node-placeholder/Chart.yaml b/node-placeholder/Chart.yaml
index 51222e273..912579940 100644
--- a/node-placeholder/Chart.yaml
+++ b/node-placeholder/Chart.yaml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ type: application
 # This is the chart version. This version number should be incremented each time you make changes
 # to the chart and its templates, including the app version.
 # Versions are expected to follow Semantic Versioning (https://semver.org/)
-version: 20240731-224556.git.8187.he9c6025c
+version: 20240731-224556.git.8610.hedc17750
 
 # This is the version number of the application being deployed. This version number should be
 # incremented each time you make changes to the application. Versions are not expected to
diff --git a/node-placeholder/values.yaml b/node-placeholder/values.yaml
index 0416f33d8..6dada1924 100644
--- a/node-placeholder/values.yaml
+++ b/node-placeholder/values.yaml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ image:
   repository: us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/ucb-datahub-2018/core/node-placeholder-scaler
   pullPolicy: IfNotPresent
   # Overrides the image tag whose default is the chart appVersion.
-  tag: "20240731-224556.git.8187.he9c6025c"
+  tag: "20240731-224556.git.8610.hedc17750"
 
 imagePullSecrets: []
 nameOverride: ""
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index cf410a6e9..88193e5d1 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ chardet
 niquests==3.7.2
 urllib3<2.0.0
 yamllint==1.35.1
+pre-commit==4.0.1
diff --git a/scripts/delete-unused-users.py b/scripts/delete-unused-users.py
index 6922a7185..f13687cc4 100755
--- a/scripts/delete-unused-users.py
+++ b/scripts/delete-unused-users.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 Core functionality from @minrk:
 https://discourse.jupyter.org/t/is-there-a-way-to-bulk-delete-old-users/20866/3
 """
+
 import argparse
 from datetime import timedelta, datetime
 import json
@@ -36,8 +37,8 @@ def parse_timedelta(args):
     https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#datetime.timedelta
     """
     result = {}
-    for arg in args.split(','):
-        key, value = arg.split('=')
+    for arg in args.split(","):
+        key, value = arg.split("=")
         try:
             value = int(value)
         except ValueError:
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ def parse_timedelta(args):
         result[key] = value
     return timedelta(**result)
 
+
 def retrieve_users(hub_url, headers, inactive_since):
     """Returns generator of user models that should be deleted"""
     url = hub_url.rstrip("/") + "/hub/api/users"
@@ -72,36 +74,44 @@ def retrieve_users(hub_url, headers, inactive_since):
                 "limit": next_page["limit"],
             }
 
+
 def should_delete(user, inactive_since):
     """
     Returns a boolean if user is to be deleted.  The critera are:
       - was the user active in the past inactive_since period?
       - is there a current user server running?
     """
-    last_activity_str = user.get('last_activity', False)
+    last_activity_str = user.get("last_activity", False)
     if last_activity_str:
         try:
-            last_activity = parse(user['last_activity'])
+            last_activity = parse(user["last_activity"])
         except:
-            logger.error(f"Unexpected value for user['last_activity']: {user['last_activity']}")
+            logger.error(
+                f"Unexpected value for user['last_activity']: {user['last_activity']}"
+            )
             raise
         if isinstance(last_activity, datetime):
-            was_active_recently = datetime.now().astimezone() - last_activity < inactive_since
+            was_active_recently = (
+                datetime.now().astimezone() - last_activity < inactive_since
+            )
         else:
-            logger.error(f"For user {user['name']}, expected datetime.datetime class for last_activity but got {type(last_activity)} instead.")
+            logger.error(
+                f"For user {user['name']}, expected datetime.datetime class for last_activity but got {type(last_activity)} instead."
+            )
             raise
 
         logger.debug(f"User: {user['name']}")
         logger.debug(f"Last login: {last_activity}")
         logger.debug(f"Recent activity: {was_active_recently}")
         logger.debug(f"Running server: {user['server']}")
-        if was_active_recently or user['server'] is not None:
+        if was_active_recently or user["server"] is not None:
             logger.info(f"Not flagging {user['name']} for deletion.")
             return False
         else:
             logger.info(f"Flagging {user['name']} for deletion.")
             return True
 
+
 def delete_user(hub_url, headers, name):
     """Delete a given user by name via JupyterHub API"""
     r = niquests.delete(
@@ -110,6 +120,7 @@ def delete_user(hub_url, headers, name):
     )
     r.raise_for_status()
 
+
 def delete_users_from_hub(hub_url, token, inactive_since, dry_run=False):
     """Delete users from a provided hub url"""
     headers = {
@@ -124,7 +135,7 @@ def delete_users_from_hub(hub_url, token, inactive_since, dry_run=False):
     count = 1
     for user in users:
         if not dry_run:
-            delete_user(hub_url, headers, user['name'])
+            delete_user(hub_url, headers, user["name"])
             logger.info(f"{count}: deleting {user['name']}")
         else:
             logger.info(f"Skipped {user['name']} due to dry run.")
@@ -134,7 +145,10 @@ def delete_users_from_hub(hub_url, token, inactive_since, dry_run=False):
     if not dry_run:
         print(f"Deleted {count} total users from the ORM for hub: {hub_url}")
     else:
-        print(f"Dry run:  Did not delete {count} total users from the ORM for hub: {hub_url}")
+        print(
+            f"Dry run:  Did not delete {count} total users from the ORM for hub: {hub_url}"
+        )
+
 
 def main(args):
     """
@@ -142,11 +156,15 @@ def main(args):
     and if so, delete them!
     """
     if args.credentials and args.hub_url:
-        logger.error("Please use only one of --hub_url or --credentials options when executing the script.")
+        logger.error(
+            "Please use only one of --hub_url or --credentials options when executing the script."
+        )
         raise
 
     if args.hub_url:
-        logger.info(f"Checking for and deleting ORM users on a single hub: {args.hub_url}")
+        logger.info(
+            f"Checking for and deleting ORM users on a single hub: {args.hub_url}"
+        )
         token = os.environ["JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN"]
 
         if not token:
@@ -169,48 +187,44 @@ def main(args):
             print()
 
     else:
-        logger.error("You must specify a single hub with the --hub_url argument, or a json file containing hubs and api keys with the --credentials argument.")
+        logger.error(
+            "You must specify a single hub with the --hub_url argument, or a json file containing hubs and api keys with the --credentials argument."
+        )
         raise
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     argparser.add_argument(
-        '-c',
-        '--credentials',
-        dest='credentials',
-        help='Path to a json file containing hub url and api keys.  Format is: {"hub1_url": "hub1_key", "hub2_url":, "hub2_key"}'
+        "-c",
+        "--credentials",
+        dest="credentials",
+        help='Path to a json file containing hub url and api keys.  Format is: {"hub1_url": "hub1_key", "hub2_url":, "hub2_key"}',
     )
     argparser.add_argument(
-        '-H',
-        '--hub_url',
-        help='Fully qualified URL to the JupyterHub. You must also set the JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN environment variable with the API key.'
+        "-H",
+        "--hub_url",
+        help="Fully qualified URL to the JupyterHub. You must also set the JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN environment variable with the API key.",
     )
     argparser.add_argument(
-        '--dry_run',
-        action='store_true',
-        help='Dry run without deleting users.'
+        "--dry_run", action="store_true", help="Dry run without deleting users."
     )
     argparser.add_argument(
-        '--inactive_since',
-        default='hours=24',
+        "--inactive_since",
+        default="hours=24",
         type=parse_timedelta,
-        help='Period of inactivity after which users are considered for deletion (literal string constructor values for timedelta objects).'
+        help="Period of inactivity after which users are considered for deletion (literal string constructor values for timedelta objects).",
         # https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#timedelta-objects
     )
     argparser.add_argument(
-        '-v',
-        '--verbose',
-        dest='verbose',
-        action='store_true',
-        help='Set info log level.'
+        "-v",
+        "--verbose",
+        dest="verbose",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Set info log level.",
     )
     argparser.add_argument(
-        '-d',
-        '--debug',
-        dest='debug',
-        action='store_true',
-        help='Set debug log level.'
+        "-d", "--debug", dest="debug", action="store_true", help="Set debug log level."
     )
     args = argparser.parse_args()
 
diff --git a/scripts/git-pre-cloner.py b/scripts/git-pre-cloner.py
index 6c13466dd..667110958 100644
--- a/scripts/git-pre-cloner.py
+++ b/scripts/git-pre-cloner.py
@@ -8,26 +8,31 @@
 import escapism
 
 safe_chars = set(string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits)
-repo = 'https://github.com/data-8/materials-fa17.git'
-local_repo = '/export/pool0/homes/_repo'
-cwd_tmpl = '/export/pool0/homes/{}'
+repo = "https://github.com/data-8/materials-fa17.git"
+local_repo = "/export/pool0/homes/_repo"
+cwd_tmpl = "/export/pool0/homes/{}"
+
 
 def safe_username(username):
-    return escapism.escape(username, safe=safe_chars, escape_char='-').lower()
+    return escapism.escape(username, safe=safe_chars, escape_char="-").lower()
+
 
 def home_directory(username):
     home_dir = cwd_tmpl.format(username)
     if not os.path.exists(home_dir):
         os.mkdir(home_dir)
     return home_dir
-        
+
+
 def git_clone():
     if os.path.exists(os.path.join(local_repo, repo_dirname)):
         return
-    out = subprocess.check_output(['git', 'clone', args.repo],
-            cwd=local_repo).decode('utf-8')
+    out = subprocess.check_output(["git", "clone", args.repo], cwd=local_repo).decode(
+        "utf-8"
+    )
     return out
 
+
 def copy_repo(username):
     safe = safe_username(username)
     home_dir = home_directory(safe)
@@ -35,25 +40,25 @@ def copy_repo(username):
     dest_dir = os.path.join(home_dir, repo_dirname)
     if os.path.exists(dest_dir):
         if args.verbose:
-            print('Skipping {}'.format(safe))
+            print("Skipping {}".format(safe))
     else:
         if args.verbose:
             print(safe)
-        out = subprocess.check_output(['cp', '-a', source_dir, dest_dir])
+        out = subprocess.check_output(["cp", "-a", source_dir, dest_dir])
         return out
     return
 
+
 # main
-parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Pre-clone course assets.')
-parser.add_argument('-f', dest='filename', required=True,
-            help='File containing user emails')
-parser.add_argument('-r', dest='repo', default=repo,
-            help='Course asset repo')
-parser.add_argument('-v', dest='verbose', action='store_true',
-            help='Be verbose.')
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Pre-clone course assets.")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "-f", dest="filename", required=True, help="File containing user emails"
+)
+parser.add_argument("-r", dest="repo", default=repo, help="Course asset repo")
+parser.add_argument("-v", dest="verbose", action="store_true", help="Be verbose.")
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
-repo_dirname = os.path.basename(args.repo).split('.')[0]
+repo_dirname = os.path.basename(args.repo).split(".")[0]
 
 if not os.path.exists(local_repo):
     os.mkdir(local_repo)
@@ -64,11 +69,11 @@ def copy_repo(username):
 
 f = open(args.filename)
 line = f.readline()
-while line != '':
+while line != "":
     email = line.strip()
-    if '@berkeley.edu' not in email:
-        continue # just in case
-    username = email.split('@')[0]
+    if "@berkeley.edu" not in email:
+        continue  # just in case
+    username = email.split("@")[0]
     copy_repo(username)
     line = f.readline()
 
diff --git a/scripts/list-packages.py b/scripts/list-packages.py
index f1f6a7da4..b825804ed 100755
--- a/scripts/list-packages.py
+++ b/scripts/list-packages.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 """
 Lists R packages in one docker image but not the other
 """
+
 import docker
 import argparse
 import json
@@ -10,11 +11,11 @@
 
 argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
 argparser.add_argument(
-    'src_image',
+    "src_image",
 )
 
 argparser.add_argument(
-    'dest_image',
+    "dest_image",
 )
 
 args = argparser.parse_args()
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ def get_package_info(package_name):
     """
     Return package data for package_name in CRAN repo
     """
-    url = f'https://packagemanager.rstudio.com/__api__/repos/1/packages/{package_name}'
+    url = f"https://packagemanager.rstudio.com/__api__/repos/1/packages/{package_name}"
 
     try:
         with urlopen(url) as resp:
@@ -36,28 +37,34 @@ def get_package_info(package_name):
         if e.code == 404:
             # Package doesn't exist
             print(f'Package "{package_name}" not found in package manager')
-            return { "name": package_name, "version": None }
+            return {"name": package_name, "version": None}
         else:
             raise
     return data
 
+
 def packages_list(image_name):
-    raw_packages = client.containers.run(
-        image_name,
-        'R --quiet -e "installed.packages()[,c(1, 3)]"'
-    ).decode().split('\n')[2:]
+    raw_packages = (
+        client.containers.run(
+            image_name, 'R --quiet -e "installed.packages()[,c(1, 3)]"'
+        )
+        .decode()
+        .split("\n")[2:]
+    )
 
     return set([rp.split()[0] for rp in raw_packages if len(rp.split()) == 3])
 
+
 def main():
     src_packages = packages_list(args.src_image)
     dest_packages = packages_list(args.dest_image)
 
-    to_be_added =  src_packages - dest_packages
+    to_be_added = src_packages - dest_packages
 
     for p in to_be_added:
         info = get_package_info(p)
         print(f'"{p}", "{info["version"]}",')
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/scripts/post-grafana-annotation.py b/scripts/post-grafana-annotation.py
index bc161834c..888555b90 100644
--- a/scripts/post-grafana-annotation.py
+++ b/scripts/post-grafana-annotation.py
@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@
   with at least Editor permissions
 - The requests library
 """
+
 import argparse
 import niquests as requests
 import os
 import time
 
+
 def create_annotation(grafana_url, grafana_api_key, tags, text):
     """
     Create annotation in a grafana instance.
@@ -24,44 +26,36 @@ def create_annotation(grafana_url, grafana_api_key, tags, text):
     return requests.post(
         grafana_url + "/api/annotations",
         json={
-            'tags': tags,
-            'text': text,
-            'time': int(time.time() * 1000),
-            'isRegion': False
+            "tags": tags,
+            "text": text,
+            "time": int(time.time() * 1000),
+            "isRegion": False,
         },
-        headers={
-            'Authorization': f'Bearer {grafana_api_key}'
-        }
+        headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {grafana_api_key}"},
     ).text
 
 
 def main():
     argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-    argparser.add_argument(
-        '--grafana-url',
-        help='URL of the grafana instance to use'
-    )
+    argparser.add_argument("--grafana-url", help="URL of the grafana instance to use")
 
     argparser.add_argument(
-        '--tag',
-        help='Tags to add to the annotation',
+        "--tag",
+        help="Tags to add to the annotation",
         default=[],
-        action='append',
-        dest='tags'
+        action="append",
+        dest="tags",
     )
 
-    argparser.add_argument(
-        'text',
-        help='Text to use for the annotation'
-    )
+    argparser.add_argument("text", help="Text to use for the annotation")
 
     args = argparser.parse_args()
-    print(create_annotation(
-        args.grafana_url,
-        os.environ['GRAFANA_API_KEY'],
-        args.tags, 
-        args.text
-    ))
+    print(
+        create_annotation(
+            args.grafana_url, os.environ["GRAFANA_API_KEY"], args.tags, args.text
+        )
+    )
+
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/scripts/rsync-active-users.py b/scripts/rsync-active-users.py
index db4afb2a1..797402a64 100755
--- a/scripts/rsync-active-users.py
+++ b/scripts/rsync-active-users.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 An environment variable 'JUPYTERHUB_ADMIN' must be set with an admin token,
 obtainable from {hub_url}/hub/token by an admin user.
 """
+
 import os
 import niquests as requests
 from dateutil.parser import parse
@@ -25,14 +26,16 @@
 import sys
 
 SAFE = set(string.ascii_letters + string.digits)
-ESCAPE_CHAR = '_'
+ESCAPE_CHAR = "_"
+
+
 def _escape_char(c, escape_char=ESCAPE_CHAR):
     """Escape a single character"""
     buf = []
-    for byte in c.encode('utf8'):
+    for byte in c.encode("utf8"):
         buf.append(escape_char)
-        buf.append('%X' % byte)
-    return ''.join(buf)
+        buf.append("%X" % byte)
+    return "".join(buf)
 
 
 def escape(to_escape, safe=SAFE, escape_char=ESCAPE_CHAR, allow_collisions=False):
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ def escape(to_escape, safe=SAFE, escape_char=ESCAPE_CHAR, allow_collisions=False
     """
     if isinstance(to_escape, bytes):
         # always work on text
-        to_escape = to_escape.decode('utf8')
+        to_escape = to_escape.decode("utf8")
 
     if not isinstance(safe, set):
         safe = set(safe)
@@ -81,81 +84,80 @@ def escape(to_escape, safe=SAFE, escape_char=ESCAPE_CHAR, allow_collisions=False
             chars.append(c)
         else:
             chars.append(_escape_char(c, escape_char))
-    return u''.join(chars)
-
+    return "".join(chars)
 
 
 def get_all_users(hub_url, token):
-    url = f'{hub_url}/hub/api/users'
-    resp = requests.get(url, headers={
-        'Authorization': f'token {token}'
-    })
+    url = f"{hub_url}/hub/api/users"
+    resp = requests.get(url, headers={"Authorization": f"token {token}"})
 
     users = resp.json()
     for user in users:
-        if user['last_activity']:
-            user['last_activity'] = parse(user.get('last_activity'))
+        if user["last_activity"]:
+            user["last_activity"] = parse(user.get("last_activity"))
     return users
 
 
 def rsync(user, src_basedir, dest_basedir, dry_run):
     start_time = time.perf_counter()
     safe_chars = set(string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits)
-    homedir = escape(user, safe_chars, '-').lower()
+    homedir = escape(user, safe_chars, "-").lower()
     src_homedir = os.path.join(src_basedir, homedir)
     if not os.path.exists(src_homedir):
         print(f"Directory {src_homedir} does not exist for user {user}, aborting")
         sys.exit(1)
     rsync_cmd = [
-        'rsync', '-av',
-        '--delete', '--ignore-errors',
-        src_homedir, dest_basedir
+        "rsync",
+        "-av",
+        "--delete",
+        "--ignore-errors",
+        src_homedir,
+        dest_basedir,
     ]
     if not dry_run:
         subprocess.check_output(rsync_cmd)
     return user, time.perf_counter() - start_time
 
+
 def main():
     argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
 
-    argparser.add_argument('hub_url',
-        help='Base URL of the JupyterHub to talk to'
-    )
-    argparser.add_argument('hours_ago',
-        help='How recently should the user have been active to be rsynced',
+    argparser.add_argument("hub_url", help="Base URL of the JupyterHub to talk to")
+    argparser.add_argument(
+        "hours_ago",
+        help="How recently should the user have been active to be rsynced",
         type=int,
     )
-    argparser.add_argument('src_basedir',
-        help='Base directory containing home directories to be rsynced'
+    argparser.add_argument(
+        "src_basedir", help="Base directory containing home directories to be rsynced"
     )
-    argparser.add_argument('dest_basedir',
-        help='Base directory where home directories should be rsynced to'
+    argparser.add_argument(
+        "dest_basedir",
+        help="Base directory where home directories should be rsynced to",
     )
-    argparser.add_argument('--actually-run-rsync',
-        action='store_true',
-        help="Actually run rsync, otherwise we just dry-run"
+    argparser.add_argument(
+        "--actually-run-rsync",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Actually run rsync, otherwise we just dry-run",
     )
-    argparser.add_argument('--concurrency',
-        type=int,
-        help='How many parallel rsyncs to run',
-        default=16
+    argparser.add_argument(
+        "--concurrency", type=int, help="How many parallel rsyncs to run", default=16
     )
 
     args = argparser.parse_args()
 
-    if 'JUPYTERHUB_TOKEN' not in os.environ:
-        print('Could not find JUPYTERHUB_TOKEN in environment.')
-        print('Please get an admin user\'s token from {args.hub_url}/hub/token')
+    if "JUPYTERHUB_TOKEN" not in os.environ:
+        print("Could not find JUPYTERHUB_TOKEN in environment.")
+        print("Please get an admin user's token from {args.hub_url}/hub/token")
         sys.exit(1)
 
     time_since = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(hours=args.hours_ago)
     users_since = []
 
-    for user in get_all_users(args.hub_url, os.environ['JUPYTERHUB_TOKEN']):
-        if user['last_activity']:
-            if user['last_activity'] >= time_since:
-                users_since.append(user['name'])
-
+    for user in get_all_users(args.hub_url, os.environ["JUPYTERHUB_TOKEN"]):
+        if user["last_activity"]:
+            if user["last_activity"] >= time_since:
+                users_since.append(user["name"])
 
     pool = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=args.concurrency)
     futures = []
@@ -166,20 +168,28 @@ def main():
         # tarring is CPU bound, so we can parallelize trivially.
         # FIXME: This should be tuneable, or at least default to some multiple of number of cores on the system
 
-        future = pool.submit(rsync,
-            user, args.src_basedir, args.dest_basedir, not args.actually_run_rsync
+        future = pool.submit(
+            rsync,
+            user,
+            args.src_basedir,
+            args.dest_basedir,
+            not args.actually_run_rsync,
         )
         futures.append(future)
 
     for future in as_completed(futures):
         completed_user, duration = future.result()
         completed_futures += 1
-        print(f'Finished {completed_futures} of {len(users_since)} in {duration:0.3f} - user {completed_user}')
+        print(
+            f"Finished {completed_futures} of {len(users_since)} in {duration:0.3f} - user {completed_user}"
+        )
 
     if not args.actually_run_rsync:
         print("No rsync commands were actually performed")
-        print("Check the rsync commands output, and then run this command with `--actually-run-rsync`")
+        print(
+            "Check the rsync commands output, and then run this command with `--actually-run-rsync`"
+        )
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()
 
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/scripts/user-image-management/manage-image-repos.py b/scripts/user-image-management/manage-image-repos.py
index 15890b2f2..1fad8a4ba 100755
--- a/scripts/user-image-management/manage-image-repos.py
+++ b/scripts/user-image-management/manage-image-repos.py
@@ -5,10 +5,13 @@
 To use this tool, copy it to a directory in your PATH or run it directly from
 this directory.
 """
+
 import argparse
 import subprocess
+import sys
 import os
 
+
 def clone(args):
     """
     Clone all repositories in the config file to the destination directory.
@@ -36,20 +39,19 @@ def clone(args):
                     continue
                 print("Renaming origin to upstream...")
                 subprocess.check_call(
-                    ["git", "remote", "rename", "origin", "upstream"],
-                    cwd=path
+                    ["git", "remote", "rename", "origin", "upstream"], cwd=path
                 )
 
                 origin = line.replace("berkeley-dsep-infra", args.github_user)
                 print(f"Setting origin to {origin}...")
                 subprocess.check_call(
-                    ["git", "remote", "add", "origin", origin],
-                    cwd=path
+                    ["git", "remote", "add", "origin", origin], cwd=path
                 )
 
             subprocess.check_call(["git", "remote", "-v"], cwd=path)
             print()
 
+
 def sync(args):
     """
     Sync all repositories in the config file to the destination directory.
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ def sync(args):
             print(f"Syncing {name} from {line} in {path}...")
             subprocess.check_call(["git", "switch", "main"], cwd=path)
             subprocess.check_call(["git", "fetch", "--all", "--prune"], cwd=path)
-            subprocess.check_call(["git", "rebase", f"upstream/main"], cwd=path)
+            subprocess.check_call(["git", "rebase", "upstream/main"], cwd=path)
 
             if args.push:
                 if not args.origin:
@@ -81,6 +83,7 @@ def sync(args):
 
             print()
 
+
 def branch(args):
     """
     Create a new feature branch in all repositories in the config file.
@@ -99,6 +102,7 @@ def branch(args):
             subprocess.check_call(["git", "switch", "-c", args.branch], cwd=path)
             print()
 
+
 def push(args):
     """
     Push all repositories in the config file to a remote.
@@ -125,6 +129,7 @@ def push(args):
             subprocess.check_call(["git", "push", remote, args.branch], cwd=path)
             print()
 
+
 def main(args):
     if args.command == "clone":
         clone(args)
@@ -135,6 +140,7 @@ def main(args):
     elif args.command == "push":
         push(args)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     subparsers = argparser.add_subparsers(dest="command")
@@ -143,71 +149,51 @@ def main(args):
         "-c",
         "--config",
         default="repos.txt",
-        help="Path to file containing list of repositories to clone."
+        help="Path to file containing list of repositories to clone.",
     )
     argparser.add_argument(
-        "-d",
-        "--destination",
-        default=".",
-        help="Location of the image repositories."
+        "-d", "--destination", default=".", help="Location of the image repositories."
     )
 
     sync_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
-        "sync",
-        help="Sync all image repositories to the latest version."
+        "sync", help="Sync all image repositories to the latest version."
     )
     sync_parser.add_argument(
-        "-p",
-        "--push",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Push synced repo to a remote."
+        "-p", "--push", action="store_true", help="Push synced repo to a remote."
     )
     sync_parser.add_argument(
         "-o",
         "--origin",
         default="origin",
-        help="Origin to push to.  This is optional and defaults to 'origin'."
+        help="Origin to push to.  This is optional and defaults to 'origin'.",
     )
 
-    clone_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
-        "clone",
-        help="Clone all image repositories."
-    )
+    clone_parser = subparsers.add_parser("clone", help="Clone all image repositories.")
     clone_parser.add_argument(
         "-s",
         "--set-origin",
         action="store_true",
-        help="Set the origin of the cloned repository to the user's GitHub."
+        help="Set the origin of the cloned repository to the user's GitHub.",
     )
     clone_parser.add_argument(
-        "-g",
-        "--github-user",
-        help="GitHub user to set the origin to."
+        "-g", "--github-user", help="GitHub user to set the origin to."
     )
 
     branch_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
-        "branch",
-        help="Create a new feature branch in all image repositories."
+        "branch", help="Create a new feature branch in all image repositories."
     )
     branch_parser.add_argument(
-        "-b",
-        "--branch",
-        help="Name of the new feature branch to create."
+        "-b", "--branch", help="Name of the new feature branch to create."
     )
 
     push_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
-        "push",
-        help="Push all image repositories to a remote."
+        "push", help="Push all image repositories to a remote."
     )
     push_parser.add_argument(
         "-o",
         "--origin",
-        help="Origin to push to.  This is optional and defaults to 'origin'."
-    )
-    push_parser.add_argument(
-        "-b",
-        "--branch",
-        help="Name of the branch to push."
+        help="Origin to push to.  This is optional and defaults to 'origin'.",
     )
+    push_parser.add_argument("-b", "--branch", help="Name of the branch to push.")
     args = argparser.parse_args()
     main(args)
diff --git a/vendor/google/ugr/gke/templates/gke_template.py b/vendor/google/ugr/gke/templates/gke_template.py
index 4f8e96b84..fc0083248 100644
--- a/vendor/google/ugr/gke/templates/gke_template.py
+++ b/vendor/google/ugr/gke/templates/gke_template.py
@@ -4,75 +4,66 @@
 def GenerateConfig(context):
     """Generates the YAML resource configuration."""
 
-    project = context.env['project']
-    cluster_name = context.properties['clusterName']
-    region = context.properties['region']
-    pool_name = context.properties['poolName']
-    date_suffix = context.properties['dateSuffix']  # Format: yyyy-mm-dd
-    node_location = context.properties['nodeLocation']
-    initial_node_count = context.properties['initialNodeCount']
-    disk_size_gb = context.properties['diskSizeGb']
-    machine_type = context.properties['machineType']
-    min_node_count = context.properties['minNodeCount']
-    max_node_count = context.properties['maxNodeCount']
+    project = context.env["project"]
+    cluster_name = context.properties["clusterName"]
+    region = context.properties["region"]
+    pool_name = context.properties["poolName"]
+    date_suffix = context.properties["dateSuffix"]  # Format: yyyy-mm-dd
+    node_location = context.properties["nodeLocation"]
+    initial_node_count = context.properties["initialNodeCount"]
+    disk_size_gb = context.properties["diskSizeGb"]
+    machine_type = context.properties["machineType"]
+    min_node_count = context.properties["minNodeCount"]
+    max_node_count = context.properties["maxNodeCount"]
 
-    resources = [{
-        'name': cluster_name,
-        'type': 'gcp-types/container-v1:projects.locations.clusters',
-        'properties': {
-            'parent': f'projects/{project}/locations/{region}',
-            'cluster': {
-                'name': cluster_name,
-                'initialClusterVersion': 'latest',
-                'location': region,
-                'locations': [node_location],
-                'ipAllocationPolicy': {
-                    'useIpAliases': True
+    resources = [
+        {
+            "name": cluster_name,
+            "type": "gcp-types/container-v1:projects.locations.clusters",
+            "properties": {
+                "parent": f"projects/{project}/locations/{region}",
+                "cluster": {
+                    "name": cluster_name,
+                    "initialClusterVersion": "latest",
+                    "location": region,
+                    "locations": [node_location],
+                    "ipAllocationPolicy": {"useIpAliases": True},
+                    "addonsConfig": {"httpLoadBalancing": {"disabled": True}},
+                    "nodePools": [
+                        {
+                            "name": f"{pool_name}-{date_suffix}",
+                            "initialNodeCount": initial_node_count,
+                            "config": {
+                                "diskSizeGb": disk_size_gb,
+                                "diskType": "pd-balanced",
+                                "machineType": machine_type,
+                                "imageType": "COS_CONTAINERD",
+                                "labels": {
+                                    "hub.jupyter.org/pool-name": f"{pool_name}-pool-{date_suffix}"
+                                },
+                                "oauthScopes": [
+                                    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/compute",
+                                    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only",
+                                    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write",
+                                    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring",
+                                    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/servicecontrol",
+                                    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/service.management.readonly",
+                                    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/trace.append",
+                                ],
+                            },
+                            "autoscaling": {
+                                "enabled": True,
+                                "maxNodeCount": max_node_count,
+                                "minNodeCount": min_node_count,
+                            },
+                            "management": {"autoUpgrade": False, "autoRepair": True},
+                            "locations": [node_location],
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "networkPolicy": {"enabled": True},
                 },
-                'addonsConfig': {
-                    'httpLoadBalancing': {
-                        'disabled': True
-                    }
-                },
-                'nodePools': [{
-                    'name': f'{pool_name}-{date_suffix}',
-                    'initialNodeCount': initial_node_count,
-                    'config': {
-                        'diskSizeGb': disk_size_gb,
-                        'diskType': 'pd-balanced',
-                        'machineType': machine_type,
-                        'imageType': 'COS_CONTAINERD',
-                        'labels': {
-                            'hub.jupyter.org/pool-name': f'{pool_name}-pool-{date_suffix}'
-                        },
-                        'oauthScopes': [
-                            'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/compute',
-                            'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only',
-                            'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write',
-                            'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring',
-                            'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/servicecontrol',
-                            'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/service.management.readonly',
-                            'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/trace.append'
-                        ],
-                    },
-                    'autoscaling': {
-                        'enabled': True,
-                        'maxNodeCount': max_node_count,
-                        'minNodeCount': min_node_count
-                    },
-                    'management': {
-                        'autoUpgrade': False,
-                        'autoRepair': True
-                    },
-                    'locations': [
-                        node_location
-                    ]
-                }],
-                'networkPolicy': {
-                    'enabled': True
-                }
-            }
+            },
         }
-    }]
+    ]
 
-    return {'resources': resources}
+    return {"resources": resources}
diff --git a/vendor/google/ugr/gke/templates/node_pool_template.py b/vendor/google/ugr/gke/templates/node_pool_template.py
index 19a9806a2..fa0d192de 100644
--- a/vendor/google/ugr/gke/templates/node_pool_template.py
+++ b/vendor/google/ugr/gke/templates/node_pool_template.py
@@ -4,50 +4,49 @@
 def GenerateConfig(context):
     """Generates the YAML resource configuration for a node pool."""
 
-    pool_name = context.properties['poolName']
-    cluster_name = context.properties['clusterName']
-    region = context.properties['region']
-    date_suffix = context.properties['dateSuffix']  # Format: yyyy-mm-dd
-    initial_node_count = context.properties['initialNodeCount']
-    disk_size_gb = context.properties['diskSizeGb']
-    machine_type = context.properties['machineType']
-    min_node_count = context.properties['minNodeCount']
-    max_node_count = context.properties['maxNodeCount']
+    pool_name = context.properties["poolName"]
+    cluster_name = context.properties["clusterName"]
+    region = context.properties["region"]
+    date_suffix = context.properties["dateSuffix"]  # Format: yyyy-mm-dd
+    initial_node_count = context.properties["initialNodeCount"]
+    disk_size_gb = context.properties["diskSizeGb"]
+    machine_type = context.properties["machineType"]
+    min_node_count = context.properties["minNodeCount"]
+    max_node_count = context.properties["maxNodeCount"]
 
-    resources = [{
-        'name': f'user-{pool_name}-{date_suffix}',
-        'type': 'gcp-types/container-v1:projects.locations.clusters.nodePools',
-        'properties': {
-            'parent': f'projects/{context.env["project"]}/locations/{region}/clusters/{cluster_name}',
-            'nodePool': {
-                'name': f'{pool_name}-pool',
-                'initialNodeCount': initial_node_count,
-                'config': {
-                    'machineType': machine_type,
-                    'diskSizeGb': disk_size_gb,
-                    'diskType': 'pd-balanced',
-                    'imageType': 'COS_CONTAINERD',
-                    'labels': {
-                        'hub.jupyter.org/pool-name': f'{pool_name}-pool'
+    resources = [
+        {
+            "name": f"user-{pool_name}-{date_suffix}",
+            "type": "gcp-types/container-v1:projects.locations.clusters.nodePools",
+            "properties": {
+                "parent": f'projects/{context.env["project"]}/locations/{region}/clusters/{cluster_name}',
+                "nodePool": {
+                    "name": f"{pool_name}-pool",
+                    "initialNodeCount": initial_node_count,
+                    "config": {
+                        "machineType": machine_type,
+                        "diskSizeGb": disk_size_gb,
+                        "diskType": "pd-balanced",
+                        "imageType": "COS_CONTAINERD",
+                        "labels": {"hub.jupyter.org/pool-name": f"{pool_name}-pool"},
+                        "taints": [
+                            {
+                                "key": "hub.jupyter.org_dedicated",
+                                "value": "user",
+                                "effect": "NO_SCHEDULE",
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "tags": ["hub-cluster"],
                     },
-                    'taints': [{
-                        'key': 'hub.jupyter.org_dedicated',
-                        'value': 'user',
-                        'effect': 'NO_SCHEDULE'
-                    }],
-                    'tags': ['hub-cluster'],
-                },
-                'autoscaling': {
-                    'enabled': True,
-                    'maxNodeCount': max_node_count,
-                    'minNodeCount': min_node_count
-                },
-                'management': {
-                    'autoUpgrade': False,
-                    'autoRepair': True
+                    "autoscaling": {
+                        "enabled": True,
+                        "maxNodeCount": max_node_count,
+                        "minNodeCount": min_node_count,
+                    },
+                    "management": {"autoUpgrade": False, "autoRepair": True},
                 },
-            }
+            },
         }
-    }]
+    ]
 
-    return {'resources': resources}
+    return {"resources": resources}