docpandas.ipynb

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  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "# Pandas\n",
        "Pandas is one of the most flexible and useful module for data analytics in python, supporting other modules such as **matplotlib** in providing a structured data"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "H4b8lNKrVdXi"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "import pandas as Pd\n",
        "import numpy as Np"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "A7Cfx4jsV2QN"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "help(Pd.Series.dtype)"
      ],
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          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "huaBMn0va-sD",
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          "text": [
            "Help on property:\n",
            "\n",
            "    Return the dtype object of the underlying data.\n",
            "\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Utility Functions"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zk6ql9k6nWpu"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "def println(*x) :\n",
        "  [print(i) for i in x]\n",
        "  print()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Q5RQcNBhnWOA"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "## Series\n",
        "Pd.Series is nothing but a sequence of elements of a particular datatype, enumerated with integers from zero."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "cBmNYLDNVoYv"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Creating a Series\n",
        "below is the syntax of the `Pd.Series` constructor along with the expected parameters.\n",
        "\n",
        "| Note : `Series` is a class while `series` (pandas.core.series) is a module"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UTVPR3gRWxJf"
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      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
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        },
        "id": "CjG-jH0ZVU4G",
        "outputId": "05ea66fb-7799-4283-a525-d8ae90899ce5"
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      "outputs": [
        {
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          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Help on function __init__ in module pandas.core.series:\n",
            "\n",
            "__init__(self, data=None, index=None, dtype: 'Dtype | None' = None, name=None, copy: 'bool' = False, fastpath: 'bool' = False) -> 'None'\n",
            "    Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.\n",
            "\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "help(Pd.Series.__init__)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "a = Pd.Series([1,2,3,4,5])\n",
        "\n",
        "# Note : Argument order will be maintained in case of a dict\n",
        "b = Pd.Series({0:1,1:2,2:3,3:4,4:5})\n",
        "\n",
        "print(a==b)"
      ],
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      "outputs": [
        {
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          "text": [
            "0    True\n",
            "1    True\n",
            "2    True\n",
            "3    True\n",
            "4    True\n",
            "dtype: bool\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "c = Pd.Series(\n",
        "    data=[i**2 for i in range(1,6)],\n",
        "    index=[i for i in range(1,6)],\n",
        "    )\n",
        "print(c)"
      ],
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        {
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          "text": [
            "1     1\n",
            "2     4\n",
            "3     9\n",
            "4    16\n",
            "5    25\n",
            "dtype: int64\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Datatypes\n",
        "A series can consist of elements of a particular datatype or more technically, a particular class. Added elements which are of dtype other than the mentioned dtype will be \"type converted\" and in worst case, will raise an error."
      ],
      "metadata": {
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    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "a = Pd.Series([1,2,3,4,0.5],dtype=\"int8\")\n",
        "b = Pd.Series(Np.linspace(1,50,1250))\n",
        "print(b)"
      ],
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          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "nSBAKGHGagzh",
        "outputId": "71332cc6-823d-4d33-c458-c6cda72b7d29"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "0        1.000000\n",
            "1        1.039231\n",
            "2        1.078463\n",
            "3        1.117694\n",
            "4        1.156926\n",
            "          ...    \n",
            "1245    49.843074\n",
            "1246    49.882306\n",
            "1247    49.921537\n",
            "1248    49.960769\n",
            "1249    50.000000\n",
            "Length: 1250, dtype: float64\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "class dummy :\n",
        "  def __init__(self,val) :\n",
        "    self.val = val\n",
        "  def __str__(self) :\n",
        "    return f\"i am {self.val}\"\n",
        "\n",
        "b = Pd.Series([dummy(2),dummy(3)],dtype=\"string\")\n",
        "b[1]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        },
        "id": "wzdmAXdfdcCx",
        "outputId": "54df152b-5685-4207-ee5d-1beead837a81"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'i am 3'"
            ],
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              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 247
        }
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    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Sorting\n",
        "Series can be sorted both based on **indices** as well as **values**"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ZSmIEVK9B7nI"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "jx = Pd.Series([1,3,4,2,5])\n",
        "println(jx.sort_values())\n",
        "\n",
        "jx2 = Pd.Series( { 1:2, 3:4, 5:2, 0:8, 7:6} )\n",
        "println(jx2.sort_index())\n",
        "\n",
        "del(jx,jx2)"
      ],
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        },
        "id": "szbTZCO4CC9G",
        "outputId": "59243479-c8fa-4ecb-fe4e-7fcbe732cf1c"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "0    1\n",
            "3    2\n",
            "1    3\n",
            "2    4\n",
            "4    5\n",
            "dtype: int64\n",
            "\n",
            "0    8\n",
            "1    2\n",
            "3    4\n",
            "5    2\n",
            "7    6\n",
            "dtype: int64\n",
            "\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Miscellaneous"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "hhYatIfGkKy_"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "b = Pd.Series([w:=2 for i in range(1,21)])\n",
        "\n",
        "# Displays the topmost rows of the table\n",
        "b.head()\n",
        "\n",
        "# Displays the bottom most rows of the table\n",
        "b.tail()"
      ],
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          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "15    2\n",
              "16    2\n",
              "17    2\n",
              "18    2\n",
              "19    2\n",
              "dtype: int64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 249
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "# DataFrame\n",
        "Dataframes are nothing but a table consisting of series of data as columns. Pandas enables us to handle tabular data vectorially."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "vaad-yeVYunX"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "help(Pd.DataFrame.__init__)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "yPPMFNCeXI_F",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "426b6785-b392-4ed2-d84c-ad8fe20c230c"
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      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Help on function __init__ in module pandas.core.frame:\n",
            "\n",
            "__init__(self, data=None, index: 'Axes | None' = None, columns: 'Axes | None' = None, dtype: 'Dtype | None' = None, copy: 'bool | None' = None) -> 'None'\n",
            "    Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.\n",
            "\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Creating from a Dictionary\n",
        "dic = { 'name': ['mk', 'bs', 'sa', 'na'], 'score': [100, 99, 98,97] }\n",
        "df = Pd.DataFrame.from_dict(dic)\n",
        "println(df)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Creating from a csv file\n",
        "gx = Pd.read_csv(\"/content/sample_data/california_housing_train.csv\",delimiter=\",\")\n",
        "println(gx)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "Q2vZ9vYGBZcS",
        "outputId": "eb0b704b-c76e-4483-cad7-a101b8204b46"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
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          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "  name  score\n",
            "0   mk    100\n",
            "1   bs     99\n",
            "2   sa     98\n",
            "3   na     97\n",
            "\n",
            "       longitude  latitude  housing_median_age  total_rooms  total_bedrooms  \\\n",
            "0        -114.31     34.19                15.0       5612.0          1283.0   \n",
            "1        -114.47     34.40                19.0       7650.0          1901.0   \n",
            "2        -114.56     33.69                17.0        720.0           174.0   \n",
            "3        -114.57     33.64                14.0       1501.0           337.0   \n",
            "4        -114.57     33.57                20.0       1454.0           326.0   \n",
            "...          ...       ...                 ...          ...             ...   \n",
            "16995    -124.26     40.58                52.0       2217.0           394.0   \n",
            "16996    -124.27     40.69                36.0       2349.0           528.0   \n",
            "16997    -124.30     41.84                17.0       2677.0           531.0   \n",
            "16998    -124.30     41.80                19.0       2672.0           552.0   \n",
            "16999    -124.35     40.54                52.0       1820.0           300.0   \n",
            "\n",
            "       population  households  median_income  median_house_value  \n",
            "0          1015.0       472.0         1.4936             66900.0  \n",
            "1          1129.0       463.0         1.8200             80100.0  \n",
            "2           333.0       117.0         1.6509             85700.0  \n",
            "3           515.0       226.0         3.1917             73400.0  \n",
            "4           624.0       262.0         1.9250             65500.0  \n",
            "...           ...         ...            ...                 ...  \n",
            "16995       907.0       369.0         2.3571            111400.0  \n",
            "16996      1194.0       465.0         2.5179             79000.0  \n",
            "16997      1244.0       456.0         3.0313            103600.0  \n",
            "16998      1298.0       478.0         1.9797             85800.0  \n",
            "16999       806.0       270.0         3.0147             94600.0  \n",
            "\n",
            "[17000 rows x 9 columns]\n",
            "\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### An Example Dataframe Creator"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "lGxffPi_gk-f"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "import math\n",
        "\n",
        "class DFCreator :\n",
        "  def __init__(self,leng,pow) :\n",
        "    self.pow = pow\n",
        "    dic = {}\n",
        "    for i in range(1,pow+1) :\n",
        "      dic[f\"pow {i}\"] = [math.pow(j,i) for j in range(1,leng+1)]\n",
        "    self.df = Pd.DataFrame(\n",
        "        data = dic,\n",
        "        index = [i for i in range(1,leng+1)],\n",
        "        dtype=\"int32\"\n",
        "    )\n",
        "  def getDF(self) :\n",
        "    return self.df"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "OAObPfrHfz7J"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "## Basics of Dataframes"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "sNAZbZEygzVR"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Creating a Dataframe (Table)\n",
        "a = DFCreator(5,5).getDF()\n",
        "a"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "1nMBigcOg1bY",
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      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "   pow 1  pow 2  pow 3  pow 4  pow 5\n",
              "1      1      1      1      1      1\n",
              "2      2      4      8     16     32\n",
              "3      3      9     27     81    243\n",
              "4      4     16     64    256   1024\n",
              "5      5     25    125    625   3125"
            ],
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              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>pow 1</th>\n",
              "      <th>pow 2</th>\n",
              "      <th>pow 3</th>\n",
              "      <th>pow 4</th>\n",
              "      <th>pow 5</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>16</td>\n",
              "      <td>32</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>9</td>\n",
              "      <td>27</td>\n",
              "      <td>81</td>\n",
              "      <td>243</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>16</td>\n",
              "      <td>64</td>\n",
              "      <td>256</td>\n",
              "      <td>1024</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>25</td>\n",
              "      <td>125</td>\n",
              "      <td>625</td>\n",
              "      <td>3125</td>\n",
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              "\n",
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              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-3d984607-857d-409f-a049-d625bfe39dfe\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-3d984607-857d-409f-a049-d625bfe39dfe')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-3d984607-857d-409f-a049-d625bfe39dfe button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 253
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Summarizing the DataFrame"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "GaB6yIzQXQTo"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "a.shape"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "xnu0PxD8XTYJ",
        "outputId": "1a12e1c8-f864-431c-eebd-0e28fe1b3abe"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "(5, 5)"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 254
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "a.describe().transpose()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "_y3q3bWdXYfZ",
        "outputId": "aeb22e95-52f6-4953-b066-9158817360ab"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "       count   mean          std  min   25%    50%     75%     max\n",
              "pow 1    5.0    3.0     1.581139  1.0   2.0    3.0     4.0     5.0\n",
              "pow 2    5.0   11.0     9.669540  1.0   4.0    9.0    16.0    25.0\n",
              "pow 3    5.0   45.0    50.965675  1.0   8.0   27.0    64.0   125.0\n",
              "pow 4    5.0  195.8   260.427917  1.0  16.0   81.0   256.0   625.0\n",
              "pow 5    5.0  885.0  1318.915274  1.0  32.0  243.0  1024.0  3125.0"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-ca82ca5c-2d9b-4619-b0a1-d71b0e482f9a\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>count</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean</th>\n",
              "      <th>std</th>\n",
              "      <th>min</th>\n",
              "      <th>25%</th>\n",
              "      <th>50%</th>\n",
              "      <th>75%</th>\n",
              "      <th>max</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>pow 1</th>\n",
              "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.581139</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>pow 2</th>\n",
              "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>9.669540</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>pow 3</th>\n",
              "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>45.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50.965675</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>pow 4</th>\n",
              "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>195.8</td>\n",
              "      <td>260.427917</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>81.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>256.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>625.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>pow 5</th>\n",
              "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>885.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1318.915274</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>243.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1024.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3125.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-ca82ca5c-2d9b-4619-b0a1-d71b0e482f9a')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-ca82ca5c-2d9b-4619-b0a1-d71b0e482f9a button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-ca82ca5c-2d9b-4619-b0a1-d71b0e482f9a');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-75bf8792-26de-4865-8ad3-444244f0947e\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-75bf8792-26de-4865-8ad3-444244f0947e')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-75bf8792-26de-4865-8ad3-444244f0947e button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 255
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Accessing Columns in Dataframes\n",
        "Each column in a dataframe is a series"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "w2yUuYIkiSp_"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(a[\"pow 3\"])\n",
        "print(\"\\nType of Column : \",type(a[\"pow 3\"]))"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "ZWx6oLeKiPOX",
        "outputId": "54d76665-4146-4f15-f61e-8e883271a7e8"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "1      1\n",
            "2      8\n",
            "3     27\n",
            "4     64\n",
            "5    125\n",
            "Name: pow 3, dtype: int32\n",
            "\n",
            "Type of Column :  <class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Fetching rows, columns and Creating Subsets\n",
        "\n",
        "- `loc` property fetches a complete row or column\n",
        "- `iloc` helps ups to fetch the value based on the indices of row and column, instead of the names\n",
        "- `at` property fetches one or more elements from at a particular row and particular column\n",
        "\n",
        "- Both `loc` and `at` are getter methods ( [ ] )"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "VvnSGpGWmRbh"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# To get Rows\n",
        "println(a.loc[1:3])\n",
        "\n",
        "# To get column(s)\n",
        "println(a.loc[:, 'pow 1':'pow 4'])"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "YDkpxKjFlKW4",
        "outputId": "8fd1ff33-fa07-49d3-96bb-4413926712c1"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "   pow 1  pow 2  pow 3  pow 4  pow 5\n",
            "1      1      1      1      1      1\n",
            "2      2      4      8     16     32\n",
            "3      3      9     27     81    243\n",
            "\n",
            "   pow 1  pow 2  pow 3  pow 4\n",
            "1      1      1      1      1\n",
            "2      2      4      8     16\n",
            "3      3      9     27     81\n",
            "4      4     16     64    256\n",
            "5      5     25    125    625\n",
            "\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(a.iloc[1][2])"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "N0-TBOnt0dl4",
        "outputId": "0adf865a-2c80-44a3-89b2-ac015e6d2f52"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "8\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# at [ row,column ]\n",
        "print(a.at[ 3 , 'pow 3' ])"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "iuJeBZv1ntsC",
        "outputId": "f8506ce3-68d1-4227-eb55-b8f248fd43eb"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "27\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "**Getting all the columns in a Dataframe** :"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "a4m4Up7hW8Er"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "a.columns"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "twSZW7hpXAjQ",
        "outputId": "283ae4f9-5078-42bd-91e8-5d6d97f111a7"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "Index(['pow 1', 'pow 2', 'pow 3', 'pow 4', 'pow 5'], dtype='object')"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 260
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "## Operations\n",
        "\n",
        "### Arithmetic Operations\n",
        "Pandas' Dataframes are handled as matrices, so all the math concepts are related to matrix arithmetic"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "4btF6qsLjW45"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "newmx = DFCreator(3,3).getDF()\n",
        "newmx2 = DFCreator(3,4).getDF()\n",
        "println(newmx)\n",
        "println(newmx2)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "0kWTtZ-73xug",
        "outputId": "4f569412-9fd0-43e6-eb1a-1f90f0fac9a3"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "   pow 1  pow 2  pow 3\n",
            "1      1      1      1\n",
            "2      2      4      8\n",
            "3      3      9     27\n",
            "\n",
            "   pow 1  pow 2  pow 3  pow 4\n",
            "1      1      1      1      1\n",
            "2      2      4      8     16\n",
            "3      3      9     27     81\n",
            "\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "**Multiplication of DatFrame by a scalar :**\n",
        "\n",
        "The scalar is used to multiply each and every element in the matrix"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DOjRBS5y3Lze"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "newmx"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 143
        },
        "id": "LhuDq38LcLmB",
        "outputId": "19025b18-6472-4429-99aa-046b33112c46"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "   pow 1  pow 2  pow 3\n",
              "1      1      1      1\n",
              "2      2      4      8\n",
              "3      3      9     27"
            ],
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              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
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              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
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              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
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              "\n",
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              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
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              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
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              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
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              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
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              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
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              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 262
        }
      ]
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      },
      "execution_count": null,
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          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "   pow 1  pow 2  pow 3\n",
              "1      3      3      3\n",
              "2      6     12     24\n",
              "3      9     27     81"
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              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
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              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
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              "\n",
              "\n",
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              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-3b791433-ed7f-497b-898e-4202dad75d21')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
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              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "    30% {\n",
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              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-3b791433-ed7f-497b-898e-4202dad75d21 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 263
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "**Some Example Operations**"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "19K27zeY-LOH"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "println(newmx - (newmx2/2))\n",
        "println(newmx * newmx2)\n"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "zDafKQNp4bwf",
        "outputId": "10769883-b2c8-4cdf-fbf8-5bf3892f2f31"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "   pow 1  pow 2  pow 3  pow 4\n",
            "1    0.5    0.5    0.5    NaN\n",
            "2    1.0    2.0    4.0    NaN\n",
            "3    1.5    4.5   13.5    NaN\n",
            "\n",
            "   pow 1  pow 2  pow 3  pow 4\n",
            "1      1      1      1    NaN\n",
            "2      4     16     64    NaN\n",
            "3      9     81    729    NaN\n",
            "\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "## CRUD Operations and Queries"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7pIntj8EZCup"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#example matrix\n",
        "crudf = DFCreator(5,5).getDF()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "0KUAhCI098pY"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "**Read Operation**"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1r-It3IN_CFJ"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "println(crudf[[\"pow 2\",\"pow 3\"]])\n",
        "println(crudf.filter(regex=\"1\",axis=0))\n",
        "println(crudf.filter(regex=\"1\",axis=1))"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "NO-OjWQaankn",
        "outputId": "df18016b-b283-4ae2-c298-490ec709ab91"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "   pow 2  pow 3\n",
            "1      1      1\n",
            "2      4      8\n",
            "3      9     27\n",
            "4     16     64\n",
            "5     25    125\n",
            "\n",
            "   pow 1  pow 2  pow 3  pow 4  pow 5\n",
            "1      1      1      1      1      1\n",
            "\n",
            "   pow 1\n",
            "1      1\n",
            "2      2\n",
            "3      3\n",
            "4      4\n",
            "5      5\n",
            "\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "## Grouping\n",
        "Datasets can be grouped using one or more columns and can also be used to apply any one of the **aggregrate functions** using the method `agg`\n",
        "- count\n",
        "- size\n",
        "- sum\n",
        "- min\n",
        "- max\n",
        "etc."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "b-ThCRDv9qhd"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "gx"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 424
        },
        "id": "7UHeLwqx9v3e",
        "outputId": "1d013b5a-2c03-40f0-a79f-ff014fba66c2"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "       longitude  latitude  housing_median_age  total_rooms  total_bedrooms  \\\n",
              "0        -114.31     34.19                15.0       5612.0          1283.0   \n",
              "1        -114.47     34.40                19.0       7650.0          1901.0   \n",
              "2        -114.56     33.69                17.0        720.0           174.0   \n",
              "3        -114.57     33.64                14.0       1501.0           337.0   \n",
              "4        -114.57     33.57                20.0       1454.0           326.0   \n",
              "...          ...       ...                 ...          ...             ...   \n",
              "16995    -124.26     40.58                52.0       2217.0           394.0   \n",
              "16996    -124.27     40.69                36.0       2349.0           528.0   \n",
              "16997    -124.30     41.84                17.0       2677.0           531.0   \n",
              "16998    -124.30     41.80                19.0       2672.0           552.0   \n",
              "16999    -124.35     40.54                52.0       1820.0           300.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "       population  households  median_income  median_house_value  \n",
              "0          1015.0       472.0         1.4936             66900.0  \n",
              "1          1129.0       463.0         1.8200             80100.0  \n",
              "2           333.0       117.0         1.6509             85700.0  \n",
              "3           515.0       226.0         3.1917             73400.0  \n",
              "4           624.0       262.0         1.9250             65500.0  \n",
              "...           ...         ...            ...                 ...  \n",
              "16995       907.0       369.0         2.3571            111400.0  \n",
              "16996      1194.0       465.0         2.5179             79000.0  \n",
              "16997      1244.0       456.0         3.0313            103600.0  \n",
              "16998      1298.0       478.0         1.9797             85800.0  \n",
              "16999       806.0       270.0         3.0147             94600.0  \n",
              "\n",
              "[17000 rows x 9 columns]"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-54b396c5-1836-48a2-a05d-4cbebf6de7a0\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
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              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
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              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>longitude</th>\n",
              "      <th>latitude</th>\n",
              "      <th>housing_median_age</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_rooms</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_bedrooms</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>households</th>\n",
              "      <th>median_income</th>\n",
              "      <th>median_house_value</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>-114.31</td>\n",
              "      <td>34.19</td>\n",
              "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5612.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1283.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>472.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.4936</td>\n",
              "      <td>66900.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>-114.47</td>\n",
              "      <td>34.40</td>\n",
              "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>7650.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1901.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1129.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>463.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.8200</td>\n",
              "      <td>80100.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>-114.56</td>\n",
              "      <td>33.69</td>\n",
              "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>720.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>174.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>333.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>117.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.6509</td>\n",
              "      <td>85700.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>-114.57</td>\n",
              "      <td>33.64</td>\n",
              "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1501.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>337.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>515.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>226.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.1917</td>\n",
              "      <td>73400.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>-114.57</td>\n",
              "      <td>33.57</td>\n",
              "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1454.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>326.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>624.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>262.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.9250</td>\n",
              "      <td>65500.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16995</th>\n",
              "      <td>-124.26</td>\n",
              "      <td>40.58</td>\n",
              "      <td>52.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2217.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>394.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>907.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>369.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.3571</td>\n",
              "      <td>111400.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16996</th>\n",
              "      <td>-124.27</td>\n",
              "      <td>40.69</td>\n",
              "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2349.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>528.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1194.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>465.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5179</td>\n",
              "      <td>79000.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16997</th>\n",
              "      <td>-124.30</td>\n",
              "      <td>41.84</td>\n",
              "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2677.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>531.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1244.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>456.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.0313</td>\n",
              "      <td>103600.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16998</th>\n",
              "      <td>-124.30</td>\n",
              "      <td>41.80</td>\n",
              "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2672.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>552.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1298.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>478.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.9797</td>\n",
              "      <td>85800.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16999</th>\n",
              "      <td>-124.35</td>\n",
              "      <td>40.54</td>\n",
              "      <td>52.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1820.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>300.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>806.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>270.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.0147</td>\n",
              "      <td>94600.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>17000 rows × 9 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-54b396c5-1836-48a2-a05d-4cbebf6de7a0')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
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              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
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              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-4178239c-bd9b-4bbd-a42d-2439713ae631\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-4178239c-bd9b-4bbd-a42d-2439713ae631')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-4178239c-bd9b-4bbd-a42d-2439713ae631 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 267
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "gx.groupby(by=\"latitude\").size()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "TahpqmhBD-9P",
        "outputId": "da5fea50-c6bc-416b-808d-928be85f93e6"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "latitude\n",
              "32.54     1\n",
              "32.55     3\n",
              "32.56     9\n",
              "32.57    13\n",
              "32.58    20\n",
              "         ..\n",
              "41.82     1\n",
              "41.84     1\n",
              "41.86     3\n",
              "41.88     1\n",
              "41.95     2\n",
              "Length: 840, dtype: int64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 268
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "## Joins"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zYHeNPcxYrkP"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "Pd.merge(newmx,newmx2,how=\"right\")"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 143
        },
        "id": "M20o-iI2aog3",
        "outputId": "a4a05700-06ad-4cd5-c713-b061dfdf8339"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "   pow 1  pow 2  pow 3  pow 4\n",
              "0      1      1      1      1\n",
              "1      2      4      8     16\n",
              "2      3      9     27     81"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
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              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>pow 1</th>\n",
              "      <th>pow 2</th>\n",
              "      <th>pow 3</th>\n",
              "      <th>pow 4</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>9</td>\n",
              "      <td>27</td>\n",
              "      <td>81</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
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              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
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              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
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              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
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              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-04d72ca5-524c-4efc-bf2e-9266d22d235d button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-04d72ca5-524c-4efc-bf2e-9266d22d235d');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-0fc8babe-f5ea-43e8-8f65-b7579f1980dc\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-0fc8babe-f5ea-43e8-8f65-b7579f1980dc')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
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              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-0fc8babe-f5ea-43e8-8f65-b7579f1980dc button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 269
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "## Miscellaneous"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "KenylyIp7v-X"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "println(\"Maximum valued column in DF\",newmx.max(axis=1) )\n",
        "println(\"Minimum valued row in DF\",newmx.min(axis=0) )"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "eIsN2P1Z8M14",
        "outputId": "7d3e543d-ff27-4314-d9b3-979df67dbce9"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Maximum valued column in DF\n",
            "1     1\n",
            "2     8\n",
            "3    27\n",
            "dtype: int32\n",
            "\n",
            "Minimum valued row in DF\n",
            "pow 1    1\n",
            "pow 2    1\n",
            "pow 3    1\n",
            "dtype: int32\n",
            "\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "gx.head(2)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 112
        },
        "id": "IUvch-QqP2a3",
        "outputId": "ad89b28c-b8bb-4205-b3ef-2e8047a1e549"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "   longitude  latitude  housing_median_age  total_rooms  total_bedrooms  \\\n",
              "0    -114.31     34.19                15.0       5612.0          1283.0   \n",
              "1    -114.47     34.40                19.0       7650.0          1901.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "   population  households  median_income  median_house_value  \n",
              "0      1015.0       472.0         1.4936             66900.0  \n",
              "1      1129.0       463.0         1.8200             80100.0  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-df18cf5f-456c-4288-b31f-5945299c69a0\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
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              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
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              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
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              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>longitude</th>\n",
              "      <th>latitude</th>\n",
              "      <th>housing_median_age</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_rooms</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_bedrooms</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>households</th>\n",
              "      <th>median_income</th>\n",
              "      <th>median_house_value</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>-114.31</td>\n",
              "      <td>34.19</td>\n",
              "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5612.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1283.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>472.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.4936</td>\n",
              "      <td>66900.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>-114.47</td>\n",
              "      <td>34.40</td>\n",
              "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>7650.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1901.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1129.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>463.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.8200</td>\n",
              "      <td>80100.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-df18cf5f-456c-4288-b31f-5945299c69a0')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-df18cf5f-456c-4288-b31f-5945299c69a0 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-df18cf5f-456c-4288-b31f-5945299c69a0');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-0dfc162f-0795-4489-a825-ce1bfe568621\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-0dfc162f-0795-4489-a825-ce1bfe568621')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-0dfc162f-0795-4489-a825-ce1bfe568621 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 271
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "gx.tail(4)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 175
        },
        "id": "i6Aoup5dP40X",
        "outputId": "a851e7f1-8e0c-47f1-c895-b693d30e5d74"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "       longitude  latitude  housing_median_age  total_rooms  total_bedrooms  \\\n",
              "16996    -124.27     40.69                36.0       2349.0           528.0   \n",
              "16997    -124.30     41.84                17.0       2677.0           531.0   \n",
              "16998    -124.30     41.80                19.0       2672.0           552.0   \n",
              "16999    -124.35     40.54                52.0       1820.0           300.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "       population  households  median_income  median_house_value  \n",
              "16996      1194.0       465.0         2.5179             79000.0  \n",
              "16997      1244.0       456.0         3.0313            103600.0  \n",
              "16998      1298.0       478.0         1.9797             85800.0  \n",
              "16999       806.0       270.0         3.0147             94600.0  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-36a97fb5-5a28-4a28-b0ac-6b4a92faa696\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>longitude</th>\n",
              "      <th>latitude</th>\n",
              "      <th>housing_median_age</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_rooms</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_bedrooms</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>households</th>\n",
              "      <th>median_income</th>\n",
              "      <th>median_house_value</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16996</th>\n",
              "      <td>-124.27</td>\n",
              "      <td>40.69</td>\n",
              "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2349.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>528.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1194.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>465.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5179</td>\n",
              "      <td>79000.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16997</th>\n",
              "      <td>-124.30</td>\n",
              "      <td>41.84</td>\n",
              "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2677.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>531.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1244.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>456.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.0313</td>\n",
              "      <td>103600.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16998</th>\n",
              "      <td>-124.30</td>\n",
              "      <td>41.80</td>\n",
              "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2672.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>552.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1298.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>478.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.9797</td>\n",
              "      <td>85800.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16999</th>\n",
              "      <td>-124.35</td>\n",
              "      <td>40.54</td>\n",
              "      <td>52.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1820.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>300.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>806.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>270.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.0147</td>\n",
              "      <td>94600.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-36a97fb5-5a28-4a28-b0ac-6b4a92faa696')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-36a97fb5-5a28-4a28-b0ac-6b4a92faa696 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-36a97fb5-5a28-4a28-b0ac-6b4a92faa696');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-609b9d0f-bb93-41a2-906c-c61d3b1045c7\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-609b9d0f-bb93-41a2-906c-c61d3b1045c7')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-609b9d0f-bb93-41a2-906c-c61d3b1045c7 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 272
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "eJg9wEpFP6vv"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    }
  ]
}