test_expanded_weights.py

# Owner(s): ["module: nn"]
from dataclasses import dataclass
from functools import partial
from itertools import product, chain
import unittest

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.nn import CrossEntropyLoss
from torch.nn.utils._per_sample_grad import call_for_per_sample_grads
from torch.testing._internal.common_cuda import TEST_CUDA, tf32_off
from torch.testing._internal.common_device_type import OpDTypes, instantiate_device_type_tests, ops
from torch.testing._internal.common_modules import module_db, modules
from torch.testing._internal.common_nn import TestBase, module_tests, new_module_tests
from torch.testing._internal.common_utils import TestCase, freeze_rng_state, make_tensor, run_tests, parametrize
from torch.testing._internal.common_methods_invocations import SampleInput, op_db
from torch.nn.utils._expanded_weights import ExpandedWeight
from torch.nn.utils._expanded_weights.expanded_weights_utils import forward_helper, set_grad_sample_if_exists, \
    unpack_expanded_weight_or_tensor, sum_over_all_but_batch_and_last_n, standard_kwargs
from torch.utils._pytree import tree_map_only


class TestContext:
    pass

class TestExpandedWeightHelperFunction(TestCase):
    def test_forward_helper(self, device):
        input = torch.randn(3, 4, device=device)
        weight = torch.randn(5, 4, device=device)
        bias = torch.randn(5, device=device)
        for (weight_batched, bias_batched) in product([True, False], [True, False]):
            maybe_batched_weight = weight
            maybe_batched_bias = bias
            if weight_batched:
                maybe_batched_weight = ExpandedWeight(weight.clone().requires_grad_(), 3, loss_reduction="sum")
            if bias_batched:
                maybe_batched_bias = ExpandedWeight(bias.clone().requires_grad_(), 3, loss_reduction="sum")
            args = (input, maybe_batched_weight, maybe_batched_bias)
            expanded_args, expanded_kwargs = standard_kwargs(('bias',), args)
            res = forward_helper(nn.functional.linear, expanded_args, expanded_kwargs)
            expected = nn.functional.linear(input, weight, bias)
            self.assertEqual(res, expected)

            self.assertEqual(len(expanded_args), 2)
            assert expanded_args[0] is args[0]  # avoids property checks in assertEquals
            assert expanded_args[1] is args[1]  # avoids property checks in assertEquals
            self.assertEqual(len(expanded_kwargs), 1)
            assert expanded_kwargs['bias'] is args[2]  # avoids property checks in assertEquals

    def test_forward_helper_failure_args(self, device):
        weight = torch.randn(5, 4, device=device)
        bias = torch.randn(5, device=device)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"do not support inputs that are also ExpandedWeights."):
            input = ExpandedWeight(torch.randn(3, 4, requires_grad=True), 3, loss_reduction="sum")
            expanded_args, expanded_kwargs = standard_kwargs(('bias',), (input, weight, bias))
            forward_helper(nn.functional.linear, expanded_args, expanded_kwargs)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"requires a Tensor as the first input"):
            expanded_args, expanded_kwargs = standard_kwargs(('bias',), (3, weight, bias))
            forward_helper(nn.functional.linear, expanded_args, expanded_kwargs)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"requires a batch dimension but got an input of size 0"):
            expanded_args, expanded_kwargs = standard_kwargs(('bias',), (torch.tensor(3), weight, bias))
            forward_helper(nn.functional.linear, expanded_args, expanded_kwargs)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"0 is not a valid batch size for Expanded Weights"):
            expanded_args, expanded_kwargs = standard_kwargs(('bias',), (torch.randn(0, 1, 2), weight, bias))
            forward_helper(nn.functional.linear, expanded_args, expanded_kwargs)
        input = torch.randn(3, 4)
        for (weight_batched, bias_batched) in product([True, False], [True, False]):
            if not weight_batched and not bias_batched:
                continue
            maybe_batched_weight = weight
            maybe_batched_bias = bias
            if weight_batched:
                maybe_batched_weight = ExpandedWeight(weight.clone().requires_grad_(), 4, loss_reduction="sum")
            if bias_batched:
                maybe_batched_bias = ExpandedWeight(bias.clone().requires_grad_(), 4, loss_reduction="sum")
            with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"Expected ExpandedWeights to have batch size matching input"):
                expanded_args, expanded_kwargs = standard_kwargs(('bias',), (input, maybe_batched_weight, maybe_batched_bias))
                forward_helper(nn.functional.linear, expanded_args, expanded_kwargs)

    def test_set_grad_sample_if_exists(self, device):
        def test_fn(a):
            return grad_sample

        orig_weight = torch.randn(4, device=device, requires_grad=True)
        expanded_weight = ExpandedWeight(orig_weight, 3, loss_reduction="sum")
        grad_sample = torch.randn(3)
        set_grad_sample_if_exists(expanded_weight, test_fn)
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(orig_weight, 'grad_sample'))
        self.assertEqual(orig_weight.grad_sample, grad_sample)

        basic_tensor = torch.randn(4, device=device)
        set_grad_sample_if_exists(basic_tensor, test_fn)
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(basic_tensor, 'grad_sample'))

        non_tensor = 3
        set_grad_sample_if_exists(non_tensor, test_fn)
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(non_tensor, 'grad_sample'))

    def test_set_grad_sample_if_exists_failure(self, device):
        def test_fn(a):
            return True

        grad_tensor = torch.randn(4, requires_grad=True, device=device)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"does not support a mixture of ExpandedWeight parameters and normal Parameters"):
            set_grad_sample_if_exists(grad_tensor, test_fn)

    def test_unpack_expanded_weight_or_tensor(self, device):
        input = torch.randn(3, requires_grad=True, device=device)
        self.assertEqual(input, unpack_expanded_weight_or_tensor(ExpandedWeight(input, 3, loss_reduction="sum")))

        input.requires_grad_(False)
        self.assertEqual(input, unpack_expanded_weight_or_tensor(input))
        self.assertTrue(unpack_expanded_weight_or_tensor(4) is None)

    def test_unpack_expanded_weight_or_tensor_with_custom_function(self, device):
        input = torch.randn(3, requires_grad=True, device=device)
        self.assertTrue(unpack_expanded_weight_or_tensor(ExpandedWeight(input, 3, loss_reduction="sum"), lambda x: x is input))

        input.requires_grad_(False)
        self.assertTrue(unpack_expanded_weight_or_tensor(input, lambda x: x is input))
        self.assertTrue(unpack_expanded_weight_or_tensor(4, lambda x: x is input) is None)

    def test_unpack_expanded_weight_or_tensor_failure(self, device):
        input = torch.randn(3, requires_grad=True, device=device)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"does not support a mixture of ExpandedWeight parameters and normal Parameters"):
            unpack_expanded_weight_or_tensor(input)

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"does not support a mixture of ExpandedWeight parameters and normal Parameters"):
            unpack_expanded_weight_or_tensor(input, lambda x: x is input)

    def test_sum_over_all_but_batch_and_last_n(self, device):
        input = torch.randn(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, device=device)
        res = sum_over_all_but_batch_and_last_n(input, 2)
        expected = input.sum((1, 2))
        self.assertEqual(res, expected)

        res = sum_over_all_but_batch_and_last_n(input, 0)
        expected = input.sum((1, 2, 3, 4))
        self.assertEqual(res, expected)

        res = sum_over_all_but_batch_and_last_n(input, 4)
        self.assertEqual(res, input)

class TestExpandedWeightFunctional(TestCase):
    def _compare_ew_and_for_loop_per_sample_grads(self, op, sample_input, reduction):
        input = sample_input.input
        args = sample_input.args
        kwargs = sample_input.kwargs
        batch_size = input.shape[0] if len(input.shape) > 1 else 1

        # get per sample grads with ExpandedWeights objects
        loss_reduction = "sum" if reduction == torch.sum else "mean"
        (ew_input, ew_args, ew_kwargs) = make_expanded_weight(sample_input, batch_size, loss_reduction)
        diff_input_list = (ew_input,) + tuple(ew_args) + tuple(ew_kwargs.values())
        diff_input_list = [i for i in diff_input_list if is_diff_tensor(i)]
        diff_input_list = [i.orig_weight if isinstance(i, ExpandedWeight) else i for i in diff_input_list]
        if not diff_input_list:
            return
        result = run_op(op, ew_input, *ew_args, **ew_kwargs)
        reduction(result).backward()  # grad doesn't work with ExpandedWeight because it calls __torch_function__
        expanded_weight_grad = tuple(i.grad_sample if hasattr(i, "grad_sample") else i.grad for i in diff_input_list)

        # get per sample grads with for loop
        func = partial(run_op, op)

        per_sample_grad = for_loop_per_sample_grad(batch_size, reduction, input, func, *args, **kwargs)

        # check equality
        self.assertEqual(len(per_sample_grad), len(expanded_weight_grad))
        if loss_reduction == "mean":
            # don't check equality of `input.grad`s since these vanilla tensors won't be scaled
            expanded_weight_grad = expanded_weight_grad[1:]
            per_sample_grad = per_sample_grad[1:]
        for (result_grad, expected_grad) in zip(expanded_weight_grad, per_sample_grad):
            self.assertEqual(result_grad, expected_grad)

    @ops(filter(lambda op: op.supports_expanded_weight, op_db), dtypes=OpDTypes.supported, allowed_dtypes=(torch.double,))
    def test_expanded_weight_per_sample_grad_sum(self, device, dtype, op):
        sample_inputs = op.sample_inputs(device, dtype, requires_grad=True)
        for sample_input in supported_inputs(op, sample_inputs):
            if op.name == "nn.functional.embedding":  # embedding flips its argument order for autograd tests
                sample_input = SampleInput(sample_input.args[0], args=(sample_input.input,), kwargs=sample_input.kwargs)

            self._compare_ew_and_for_loop_per_sample_grads(op, sample_input, torch.sum)

    @ops(filter(lambda op: op.supports_expanded_weight, op_db), dtypes=OpDTypes.supported, allowed_dtypes=(torch.double,))
    def test_expanded_weight_per_sample_grad_mean(self, device, dtype, op):
        sample_inputs = op.sample_inputs(device, dtype, requires_grad=True)
        for sample_input in supported_inputs(op, sample_inputs):
            if op.name == "nn.functional.embedding":  # embedding flips its argument order for autograd tests
                sample_input = SampleInput(sample_input.args[0], args=(sample_input.input,), kwargs=sample_input.kwargs)

            self._compare_ew_and_for_loop_per_sample_grads(op, sample_input, torch.mean)

    @ops(filter(lambda op: op.supports_expanded_weight, op_db), dtypes=OpDTypes.supported, allowed_dtypes=(torch.double,))
    def test_expanded_weights_per_sample_grad_input_no_grad(self, device, dtype, op):
        sample_inputs = op.sample_inputs(device, dtype, requires_grad=True)
        for sample_input in supported_inputs(op, sample_inputs):
            if op.name == "nn.functional.embedding":  # embedding flips its argument order for autograd tests
                sample_input = SampleInput(sample_input.args[0], args=(sample_input.input,), kwargs=sample_input.kwargs)
            sample_input.input.requires_grad_(False)

            self._compare_ew_and_for_loop_per_sample_grads(op, sample_input, torch.mean)

    @ops(filter(lambda op: op.supports_expanded_weight, op_db), dtypes=OpDTypes.supported, allowed_dtypes=(torch.double,))
    def test_unsupported_expand_weights(self, device, dtype, op):
        sample_inputs = op.sample_inputs(device, dtype, requires_grad=True)
        unsupported_inputs = supported_inputs(op, sample_inputs, supported_inputs=False)
        for sample_input in unsupported_inputs:
            with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"Expanded Weights"):
                if op.name == "nn.functional.embedding":  # embedding flips its argument order for autograd tests
                    sample_input = SampleInput(sample_input.args[0], args=(sample_input.input,), kwargs=sample_input.kwargs)
                input = sample_input.input

                batch_size = input.shape[0] if len(input.shape) > 1 else 1

                # get per sample grads with ExpandedWeights objects
                (ew_input, ew_args, ew_kwargs) = make_expanded_weight(sample_input, batch_size)
                result = run_op(op, ew_input, *ew_args, **ew_kwargs)
                diff_input_list = (ew_input,) + tuple(ew_args) + tuple(ew_kwargs.values())
                diff_input_list = [i for i in diff_input_list if is_diff_tensor(i)]
                diff_input_list = [i.orig_weight if isinstance(i, ExpandedWeight) else i for i in diff_input_list]
                result.sum().backward()  # grad doesn't work with ExpandedWeight because it calls __torch_function__

    @ops(filter(lambda op: op.supports_expanded_weight, op_db), dtypes=OpDTypes.supported)
    def test_expanded_weight_forward(self, device, dtype, op):
        sample_inputs = op.sample_inputs(device, dtype)
        for sample_input in supported_inputs(op, sample_inputs):
            if op.name == "nn.functional.embedding":  # embedding flips its argument order for autograd tests
                sample_input = SampleInput(sample_input.args[0].clone(),
                                           args=(sample_input.input.clone(),),
                                           kwargs=sample_input.kwargs)
                if "cuda" in device and "max_norm" in sample_input.kwargs and "padding_idx" in sample_input.kwargs:
                    self.skipTest("embedding is non-determinstic in this case, see issue #74679")
            batch_size = sample_input.input.shape[0] if len(sample_input.input.shape) > 1 else 1
            for loss_reduction in ["sum", "mean"]:
                (ew_input, ew_args, ew_kwargs) = make_expanded_weight(sample_input, batch_size, loss_reduction)
                expanded_weight_result = run_op(op, ew_input, *ew_args, **ew_kwargs)
                normal_result = run_op(op, sample_input.input, *sample_input.args, **sample_input.kwargs)
                self.assertEqual(expanded_weight_result, normal_result)

    def test_expanded_weight_error(self, device):
        batch_size = 3
        sample_input = make_tensor((batch_size, 4), dtype=torch.float32, device=device, requires_grad=True)
        sample_weight = make_tensor((4), dtype=torch.float32, device=device, requires_grad=True)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"Expanded Weights encountered but cannot handle function"):
            torch.add(sample_input, ExpandedWeight(sample_weight, batch_size, loss_reduction="sum"))

    def _test_embedding_model(self, model, num_embedding, device):
        batch_size = 32
        input = torch.randint(0, num_embedding, (batch_size, 5, 5), device=device)
        return self._test_model(partial(model, num_embedding=num_embedding), batch_size, input, device)

    def _test_conv_model(self, model, input_size, num_dim, device, loss_reduction="sum", atol=1e-4, rtol=5e-5):
        batch_size = 32
        input_ending = [input_size] * num_dim
        input = torch.randn([batch_size, 3] + input_ending, device=device)
        return self._test_model(partial(model, num_dim=num_dim), batch_size, input, device, loss_reduction, atol, rtol)

    def _test_model(self, model, batch_size, input, device, loss_reduction="sum", atol=1e-4, rtol=5e-5):
        model = model(10).to(device)
        targets = torch.randint(0, 10, (batch_size,), device=device)
        criterion = CrossEntropyLoss(reduction=loss_reduction)
        result = call_for_per_sample_grads(model, loss_reduction=loss_reduction)(input)
        loss = criterion(result, targets)
        loss.backward()
        result = []
        for weight in model.parameters():
            result.append(weight.grad_sample)
            del weight.grad_sample

        expected = []
        for i in range(batch_size):
            loss = criterion(model(input[i].unsqueeze(0)), targets[i].unsqueeze(0))
            expected.append(torch.autograd.grad(loss, model.parameters(), torch.ones_like(loss)))

        expected = [torch.stack(grad) for grad in zip(*expected)]
        for (res, exp) in zip(result, expected):
            self.assertEqual(res, exp, atol=atol, rtol=rtol)

    def _compute_tolerances(self, device):
        is_cuda_sm86 = device.startswith("cuda") and torch.cuda.get_device_capability(0) == (8, 6)
        return (9e-3, 5e-5) if is_cuda_sm86 else (1e-4, 5e-5)

    def test_cnn_model_sum(self, device):
        def convnet(num_classes, num_dim):
            return nn.Sequential(
                nn.Conv2d(3, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
                nn.ReLU(),
                nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
                nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
                nn.ReLU(),
                nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
                nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
                nn.ReLU(),
                nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
                nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
                nn.ReLU(),
                nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1)),
                nn.Flatten(start_dim=1, end_dim=-1),
                nn.Linear(128, num_classes, bias=True),
            )

        atol, rtol = self._compute_tolerances(device)
        return self._test_conv_model(convnet, 28, 2, device, atol=atol, rtol=rtol)

    @tf32_off()
    def test_cnn_model_mean(self, device):
        def convnet(num_classes, num_dim):
            return nn.Sequential(
                nn.Conv2d(3, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
                nn.ReLU(),
                nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
                nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
                nn.ReLU(),
                nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
                nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
                nn.ReLU(),
                nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
                nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
                nn.ReLU(),
                nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1)),
                nn.Flatten(start_dim=1, end_dim=-1),
                nn.Linear(128, num_classes, bias=True),
            )
        atol, rtol = self._compute_tolerances(device)
        return self._test_conv_model(convnet, 28, 2, device, loss_reduction="mean", atol=atol, rtol=rtol)

    @parametrize('num_dim', [1, 2, 3])
    @tf32_off()
    def test_instance_norm_model(self, num_dim, device):
        def instance_norm_model(num_classes, num_dim):
            conv_layer = nn.Conv1d if num_dim == 1 else nn.Conv2d if num_dim == 2 else nn.Conv3d
            norm_layer = nn.InstanceNorm1d if num_dim == 1 else nn.InstanceNorm2d if num_dim == 2 else nn.InstanceNorm3d
            return nn.Sequential(
                conv_layer(3, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
                norm_layer(32, affine=True),
                nn.Flatten(start_dim=1, end_dim=-1),
                nn.Linear(32 * (7 ** num_dim), num_classes, bias=True),
            )
        atol, rtol = self._compute_tolerances(device)
        return self._test_conv_model(instance_norm_model, 7, num_dim, device, atol=atol, rtol=rtol)

    @parametrize('num_dim', [1, 2, 3])
    @tf32_off()
    def test_group_norm_model(self, num_dim, device):
        def group_norm_model(num_classes, num_dim):
            conv_layer = nn.Conv1d if num_dim == 1 else nn.Conv2d if num_dim == 2 else nn.Conv3d
            return nn.Sequential(
                conv_layer(3, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
                nn.GroupNorm(8, 32, affine=True),
                nn.Flatten(start_dim=1, end_dim=-1),
                nn.Linear(32 * (7 ** num_dim), num_classes, bias=True),
            )
        atol, rtol = self._compute_tolerances(device)
        return self._test_conv_model(group_norm_model, 7, num_dim, device, atol=atol, rtol=rtol)

    @parametrize('num_dim', [1, 2, 3])
    @tf32_off()
    def test_layer_norm_model(self, num_dim, device):
        def layer_norm_model(num_classes, num_dim):
            conv_layer = nn.Conv1d if num_dim == 1 else nn.Conv2d if num_dim == 2 else nn.Conv3d
            normalized_shape = [7] * num_dim
            return nn.Sequential(
                conv_layer(3, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
                nn.LayerNorm(normalized_shape, elementwise_affine=True),
                nn.Flatten(start_dim=1, end_dim=-1),
                nn.Linear(32 * (7 ** num_dim), num_classes, bias=True),
            )
        atol, rtol = self._compute_tolerances(device)
        return self._test_conv_model(layer_norm_model, 7, num_dim, device, atol=atol, rtol=rtol)

    def test_embedding_model(self, device):
        def embedding_model(num_classes, num_embedding):
            return nn.Sequential(
                nn.Embedding(num_embedding, 15),
                nn.Flatten(start_dim=1, end_dim=-1),
                nn.Linear(375, num_classes, bias=True)
            )
        return self._test_embedding_model(embedding_model, 16, device)

    def test_group_norm_error(self, device):
        # group norm has to call native_group_norm. This checks that it hits the same errors
        # that normal group norm would

        N = 3
        C = 5
        inp = torch.randn(N, C)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"Expected number of channels in input to be divisible"):
            F.group_norm(inp, 2)  # 5 is not divisible by 2

class TestExpandedWeightModule(TestCase):
    def _do_test(self, module, input, args=None, kwargs=None, batch_first=True, atol=None, rtol=None):
        args = args or ()
        kwargs = kwargs or {}

        batch_dim = 0 if batch_first else 1
        batch_size = input.shape[batch_dim]
        diff_input = input.dtype == torch.float or input.dtype == torch.double
        if diff_input:
            input.requires_grad_()

        with freeze_rng_state():
            # get per sample grads with ExpandedWeights context manager
            actual_res = call_for_per_sample_grads(module,
                                                   batch_size=batch_size,
                                                   loss_reduction="sum",
                                                   batch_first=batch_first)(input, *args, **kwargs).sum()
            actual_res.backward()
            actual_grads = []
            for param in module.parameters():
                actual_grads.append(param.grad_sample)
                del param.grad_sample
            if diff_input:
                actual_grads.append(input.grad.clone())
                input.grad = torch.zeros_like(input.grad)

            # get per sample grads with a for loop
            expected_res = torch.tensor(0., device=input.device, dtype=actual_res.dtype)
            expected_grads = []
            for i in range(batch_size):
                input_slice = input.narrow(batch_dim, i, 1)
                input_slice = input_slice.squeeze(batch_dim)

                # h's batch dim is always the first dim. Must be contiguous for CUDA
                sliced_args = tree_map_only(torch.Tensor, lambda t: t.narrow(1, i, 1).contiguous(), args)
                diff_params = module.parameters()
                if diff_input:
                    diff_params = chain(diff_params, (input_slice,))
                res = module(input_slice.unsqueeze(batch_dim).contiguous(), *sliced_args, **kwargs).sum()
                out_grads = torch.autograd.grad(res, diff_params, torch.ones_like(res), allow_unused=True)
                expected_grads.append(out_grads)
                expected_res += res
            expected_grads = [torch.stack(grad) for grad in zip(*expected_grads)]
            if not batch_first:
                expected_grads[-1] = expected_grads[-1].transpose(0, 1)
        self.assertEqual(actual_res, expected_res)
        [self.assertEqual(actual, expected, atol=atol, rtol=rtol) for (actual, expected) in zip(actual_grads, expected_grads)]

    def _do_test_multi_input(self, module, input):
        class TestModule(nn.Module):
            def __init__(self, module):
                super().__init__()
                self.module = module

            def forward(self, input):
                return self.module(input) + self.module(input)

        batch_size = input.shape[0]
        diff_input = input.dtype == torch.float or input.dtype == torch.double
        if diff_input:
            input.requires_grad_()
        with freeze_rng_state():
            # get per sample grads with ExpandedWeights context manager, calling .backward() twice
            test_module = TestModule(module)
            actual_res = call_for_per_sample_grads(test_module, loss_reduction="sum")(input).sum()
            actual_res.backward()
            actual_grads = []
            for param in module.parameters():
                actual_grads.append(param.grad_sample)
                del param.grad_sample
            if diff_input:
                actual_grads.append(input.grad.clone())
                input.grad = torch.zeros_like(input.grad)


            # get per sample grads with a for loop, running over the input twice
            expected_grads = []
            for i in range(batch_size):
                input_slice = input[i]
                diff_params = module.parameters()
                if diff_input:
                    diff_params = chain(diff_params, (input_slice,))
                res = module(input_slice.unsqueeze(0)).sum()
                out_grads = torch.autograd.grad(res, diff_params, torch.ones_like(res), allow_unused=True)
                expected_grads.append(out_grads)
        expected_grads = tuple(torch.stack(grad) for grad in zip(*expected_grads))
        expected_grads = tuple(expected_grad for expected_grad in expected_grads if expected_grad is not None)
        assert [self.assertEqual(actual, 2 * expected) for (actual, expected) in zip(actual_grads, expected_grads)]

    def _do_test_rnn_packed_sequence(self, module, input, args=None, kwargs=None, atol=None, rtol=None):
        args = args if args is not None else ()
        kwargs = kwargs if kwargs is not None else {}

        batch_size = max(tuple(input.batch_sizes)).item()

        with freeze_rng_state():
            # get per sample grads with ExpandedWeights context manager
            actual_res = call_for_per_sample_grads(module,
                                                   batch_size=batch_size,
                                                   loss_reduction="sum")(input, *args, **kwargs).data.sum()
            actual_res.backward()
            actual_grads = []
            for param in module.parameters():
                self.assertEqual(param.grad_sample.shape[0], batch_size)
                actual_grads.append(param.grad_sample)
                del param.grad_sample

            input.data.grad = torch.zeros_like(input.data)

            # compute the per sample grads with a for loop
            expected_res = torch.zeros_like(actual_res)
            expected_grads = []
            padded_input, seq_sizes = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_packed_sequence(input, batch_first=True)
            for i in range(len(seq_sizes)):
                input_slice = padded_input[i].narrow(0, 0, seq_sizes[i])
                diff_params = module.parameters()
                batch_dim = 0 if module.m.batch_first else 1
                res = module(input_slice.unsqueeze(batch_dim), *args, **kwargs).sum()
                expected_res += res
                out_grads = torch.autograd.grad(res, diff_params, torch.ones_like(res), allow_unused=True)
                expected_grads.append(out_grads)

            expected_grads = [torch.stack(grad) for grad in zip(*expected_grads)]
            self.assertEqual(actual_res, expected_res)
            [self.assertEqual(actual, expected, atol=atol, rtol=rtol) for (actual, expected) in zip(actual_grads, expected_grads)]

    @modules(filter(lambda m_info: m_info.module_cls in (torch.nn.RNN, torch.nn.LSTM, torch.nn.GRU), module_db))
    @tf32_off()
    def test_module(self, device, dtype, module_info, training):
        class RNNWrapper(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self, m_cons, args, kwargs):
                super().__init__()
                self.m = m_cons(*args, **kwargs)

            def forward(self, *inps):
                ret = self.m(*inps)
                assert isinstance(ret, tuple)
                return ret[0]

        def batch_hidden(h):
            new_h_shape = [1] * (len(h.shape) + 1)
            new_h_shape[1] = 2
            return h.unsqueeze(1).repeat(new_h_shape)


        module_cls = module_info.module_cls
        atol, rtol = (1e-4, 1e-5) if module_cls == torch.nn.GRU and dtype == torch.float32 else (None, None)
        module_inputs = module_info.module_inputs_func(module_info, device=device, dtype=dtype,
                                                       requires_grad=True, training=training, with_packed_sequence=True)
        for module_input in module_inputs:
            if module_input.forward_input is None:
                continue
            args, kwargs = module_input.constructor_input.args, module_input.constructor_input.kwargs
            m = RNNWrapper(module_cls, args, kwargs)
            batch_first = m.m.batch_first
            m.to(device).to(dtype)

            args, kwargs = module_input.forward_input.args, module_input.forward_input.kwargs

            # if the RNN tests use unbatched inputs--batch the inputs
            input = args[0]
            if isinstance(input, torch.Tensor) and input.dim() == 2:
                input = input.detach()
                new_input_shape = [1] * (len(input.shape) + 1)
                if batch_first:
                    new_input_shape[0] = 2
                    input = input.repeat(new_input_shape)
                else:
                    new_input_shape[1] = 2
                    input = input.unsqueeze(1).repeat(new_input_shape)

                h = args[1] if len(args) > 1 else None
                if h is not None:
                    h = batch_hidden(h) if isinstance(h, torch.Tensor) else tuple(batch_hidden(hx) for hx in h)
                    args = list(args)
                    args[1] = h

            if isinstance(input, torch.nn.utils.rnn.PackedSequence):
                self._do_test_rnn_packed_sequence(m, input, args[1:], kwargs, atol=atol, rtol=rtol)
            else:
                self._do_test(m, input, args[1:], kwargs, batch_first=batch_first, atol=atol, rtol=rtol)

    def test_per_sample_api_failing(self):
        module = nn.Linear(10, 10)
        input = torch.randn(64, 10)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"Module passed must be nn.Module"):
            call_for_per_sample_grads("fail")(input)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"Batch size passed must be None or an integer"):
            call_for_per_sample_grads(module, batch_size=6.4)(input)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"Batch size must be positive"):
            call_for_per_sample_grads(module, batch_size=-64)(input)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"incorrect for multiple calls"):
            loss = call_for_per_sample_grads(module)(input).sum()
            loss.backward()  # populate grad_sample fields
            call_for_per_sample_grads(module)(input)

        module = nn.Linear(10, 10)  # reset to not have grad_sample fields
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"Expected loss_reduction argument to be sum or mean"):
            call_for_per_sample_grads(module, loss_reduction="")(input)

    def test_per_sample_api_compute_batch_size(self):
        class CustomModule(nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super().__init__()
                self.linear = nn.Linear(5, 5)

            def forward(self, input1, input2):
                return self.linear(input1) + self.linear(input2)

        module = CustomModule()
        input1 = torch.randn(4, 5)
        input2 = torch.randn(5, 5)

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "found at least one input with batch size 4 and one with batch size 5"):
            call_for_per_sample_grads(module)(input1, input2)

        input2 = torch.randn(4, 5)
        call_for_per_sample_grads(module)(input1, input2)

        module = CustomModule()
        call_for_per_sample_grads(module)(input1, input2=input2)

        module = CustomModule()
        call_for_per_sample_grads(module)(input1=input1, input2=input2)

    def test_per_sample_api_compute_batch_size_not_pytreeable(self):
        @dataclass
        class NonPytreeableTuple:
            elem1: torch.Tensor
            elem2: torch.Tensor

        class CustomModule(nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super().__init__()
                self.linear = nn.Linear(5, 5)

            def forward(self, input1, input2):
                return self.linear(input1.elem1) + self.linear(input1.elem2)

        input = NonPytreeableTuple(torch.randn(4, 5), torch.randn(4, 5))
        model = CustomModule()
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "ExpandedWeights cannot compute the batch size from the inputs"):
            call_for_per_sample_grads(model)(input, "")

        # would prefer for it to error because input is not pytree-able but that's hard to detect
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "Expected ExpandedWeights to have batch size matching input"):
            call_for_per_sample_grads(model)(input, torch.randn(5))

        model = CustomModule()  # TODO: functional call bug, sam will fix
        call_for_per_sample_grads(model)(input, torch.randn(4, 5))
        model = CustomModule()
        call_for_per_sample_grads(model, batch_size=4)(input, torch.randn(5))

class ContextManagerTests(TestBase):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.test_cpu = kwargs.get('test_cpu', True)
        self.test_cuda = kwargs.get('test_cuda', True)
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    @property
    def constructor_args(self):
        return self._get_arg('constructor_args', False)

    def test_context_manager(self, test_case, device):
        kwargs = {'device': device, 'dtype': torch.double}
        module = self.constructor(*self.constructor_args).to(**kwargs)
        if 'Embedding' in self.get_name():
            kwargs['dtype'] = torch.long
        input = self._get_input().to(**kwargs)
        if len(input.shape) == 0 or input.shape[0] == 0:
            raise unittest.SkipTest("Can't get per sample gradients when no batch dim or batch dim is 0")
        if self.constructor == torch.nn.Linear and len(input.shape) == 1:
            raise unittest.SkipTest("Can't get per sample gradients for input of rank 1")
        test_case._do_test(module, input)

    def test_context_manager_multiple_inputs(self, test_case, device):
        module = self.constructor(*self.constructor_args).to(device)
        input = self._get_input()
        if len(input.shape) == 0 or input.shape[0] == 0:
            raise unittest.SkipTest("Can't get per sample gradients when no batch dim or batch dim is 0")
        if self.constructor == torch.nn.Linear and len(input.shape) == 1:
            raise unittest.SkipTest("Can't get per sample gradients for input of rank 1")
        test_case._do_test_multi_input(module, input)

def filter_supported_tests(t):
    supported_modules = ['Linear', 'Conv1d', 'Conv2d', 'Conv3d', 'Embedding', 'LayerNorm', 'GroupNorm', 'InstanceNorm']
    if 'module_name' in t and t['module_name'] in supported_modules:
        return True

# TODO: Once all of these use ModuleInfo, replace with ModuleInfo tests
# These currently use the legacy nn tests
supported_tests = [t for t in module_tests + new_module_tests if filter_supported_tests(t)]
for test_param in supported_tests:
    if 'constructor' not in test_param:
        name = test_param.pop('module_name')
        test_param['constructor'] = getattr(nn, name)
    decorator = test_param.pop('decorator', None)
    test = ContextManagerTests(**test_param)
    test_name = test.get_name()
    if hasattr(TestExpandedWeightModule, test_name):
        raise RuntimeError('Found two tests with the same name: ' + test_name)
    test_name_multi_input = test.get_name() + "_multiple_inputs"
    if hasattr(TestExpandedWeightModule, test_name_multi_input):
        raise RuntimeError('Found two tests with the same name: ' + test_name)
    if decorator is not None:
        fn = decorator(fn)
    if test.test_cpu:
        setattr(TestExpandedWeightModule, test_name, lambda self, test=test: test.test_context_manager(self, 'cpu'))
        setattr(TestExpandedWeightModule, test_name_multi_input,
                lambda self, test=test: test.test_context_manager_multiple_inputs(self, 'cpu'))
    if TEST_CUDA and test.test_cuda:
        # since this checks derivatives, only use double for precision
        setattr(TestExpandedWeightModule, test_name + '_cuda_double',
                lambda self, test=test: test.test_context_manager(self, 'cuda'))

# ------------- HELPER FUNCTIONS -----------------

def run_op(op, input, *args, **kwargs):
    r"""
    OpInfo for Embedding switches the input and weight so autograd tests will only check the derivative
    of the weight, not the input, which can't be differentiable since its dtype is int. Calls op,
    using the special ordering that Embedding's OpInfo expects for that case.
    """
    if op.name == "nn.functional.embedding":
        return op(args[0], input, **kwargs)
    else:
        return op(input, *args, **kwargs)

def make_expanded_weight(sample_input, batch_size, loss_reduction="sum"):
    def expanded_weight_or_clone(arg):
        if is_diff_tensor(arg):
            return ExpandedWeight(torch.clone(arg), batch_size, loss_reduction)
        return clone_if_tensor(arg)

    ew_input = clone_if_tensor(sample_input.input)
    ew_args = tuple(expanded_weight_or_clone(arg) for arg in sample_input.args)
    ew_kwargs = {name: expanded_weight_or_clone(arg) for (name, arg) in sample_input.kwargs.items()}
    return ew_input, ew_args, ew_kwargs

def supported_inputs(op, sample_inputs, supported_inputs=True):
    r"""
    ExpandedWeights currently does not support some use cases when there's no batch dimension or
    operations that would cause inter-batch operations. Removes all of the cases it cannot deal with
    """
    def filter_fn(input):
        convolutions = ["nn.functional.conv1d", "nn.functional.conv2d", "nn.functional.conv3d"]
        batched_input_size = dict(zip(convolutions, [3, 4, 5]))
        if op.name == "nn.functional.linear":
            is_supported_input = input.input.dim() > 1  # input of rank 1 means no batch dim
        elif op.name == "nn.functional.layer_norm":
            normalized_shape = input.args[0]
            is_supported_input = input.input.shape != normalized_shape  # would cause inter-batch operations
        elif op.name in convolutions:
            # currently can't deal with padding computation on Python level
            is_supported_input = input.input.dim() == batched_input_size[op.name]
        elif op.name == "nn.functional.embedding":
            idx = input.args[0]
            is_supported_input = len(idx.shape) > 1  # there's no batch size
        else:
            is_supported_input = True
        is_supported_input = is_supported_input and input.input.shape[0] > 0  # 0 is not a valid batch size
        return is_supported_input if supported_inputs else not is_supported_input
    return [input for input in sample_inputs if filter_fn(input)]

def for_loop_per_sample_grad(batch_size, reduction, input, func, *args, **kwargs):
    # get per sample grads by getting derivative for each input in a for loop
    per_sample_grad = []
    for i in range(batch_size):
        per_sample_input = input[i]
        result = reduction(func(per_sample_input.unsqueeze(0), *args, **kwargs))
        diff_input_list = (per_sample_input,) + tuple(args) + tuple(kwargs.values())
        diff_input_list = [i for i in diff_input_list if isinstance(i, torch.Tensor) and i.requires_grad]
        per_sample_grad.append(torch.autograd.grad(result, diff_input_list, torch.ones_like(result), allow_unused=True))
    if len(per_sample_grad) == batch_size:
        per_sample_grad = tuple(torch.stack(grad) for grad in zip(*per_sample_grad))
    return per_sample_grad

def is_diff_tensor(t):
    return isinstance(t, ExpandedWeight) or (isinstance(t, torch.Tensor) and t.requires_grad)

def clone_if_tensor(t):
    if isinstance(t, torch.Tensor):
        res = torch.clone(t).detach()
        res.requires_grad_(t.requires_grad)
        return res
    else:
        return t

instantiate_device_type_tests(TestExpandedWeightHelperFunction, globals())
instantiate_device_type_tests(TestExpandedWeightFunctional, globals())
instantiate_device_type_tests(TestExpandedWeightModule, globals())
if __name__ == '__main__':
    run_tests()