diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index 58daf7d..56b3ca5 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
 source 'https://rubygems.org'
 ruby '2.5.1'
 
-gem 'rails', '~> 4.2'
+gem 'rails', '~> 6.1', '>= 6.1.7.3'
 
 # front-end
 gem 'bootstrap-sass', '~> 3.4.1'
 gem 'bourbon', '~> 4.2.7'
 gem 'bower', '~> 0.0.5'
-gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.2'
+gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.2', '>= 4.2.2'
 gem 'compass', '~> 1.0.3'
 gem 'hamlit', '~> 2.7'
-gem 'jquery-rails', '~> 4.2'
+gem 'jquery-rails', '~> 4.4', '>= 4.4.0'
 gem 'jquery-turbolinks', '~> 2.1.0'
 gem 'nav_lynx', '~> 1.1.1'
-gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
+gem 'sass-rails', '~> 6.0', '>= 6.0.0'
 # gem 'sassc', '~> 1.8'
 gem 'turbolinks', '~> 5.0'
 gem 'uglifier', '~> 3.0'
 
 # charts
-gem 'groupdate', '~> 3.0'
+gem 'groupdate', '~> 3.2', '>= 3.2.1'
 
 # file handling
-gem 'carrierwave', '~> 0.11.2'
+gem 'carrierwave', '~> 1.3.2'
 gem 'mini_magick', '~> 4.9'
 
 # security & auth
@@ -46,23 +46,23 @@ gem 'readthis', '~> 2.2' # cool new redis client http://sorentwo.com/2015/07/20/
 gem 'mandrill-api', '~> 1.0.53'
 
 # background jobs
-gem 'sidekiq', '~> 5.1'
+gem 'sidekiq', '~> 6.2', '>= 6.2.1'
 
 # miscelaneous
 gem 'country_select', '~> 2.5'
 gem 'countries', require: 'countries/global'
 gem 'figaro', '~> 1.1.1'
-gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.6'
-gem 'kaminari', '~> 0.17.0'
-gem 'redcarpet', '~> 3.3'
+gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.7', '>= 2.7.0'
+gem 'kaminari', '~> 1.2.1'
+gem 'redcarpet', '~> 3.5', '>= 3.5.1'
 gem 'ruby-oembed', '~> 0.10.1'
-gem 'sequenced', '~> 3.1'
-gem 'sdoc', '~> 0.4.0', group: :doc
-gem 'social_shares', '~> 0.3.2'
+gem 'sequenced', '~> 3.1', '>= 3.1.1'
+gem 'sdoc', '~> 1.0.0', group: :doc
+gem 'social_shares', '~> 0.3.4'
 gem 'tumblr_client', '~> 0.8.5'
 
 # localization
-gem 'rails-i18n', '~> 4.0.4' # needs Rails 5 to update
+gem 'rails-i18n', '~> 6.0.0' # needs Rails 5 to update
 
 # performance & monitoring
 gem 'airbrake', '~> 5.6'
@@ -70,51 +70,51 @@ gem 'skylight'
 
 # server & deployment
 gem 'pg', '~> 0.18.4'
-gem 'puma', '~> 3.12'
+gem 'puma', '~> 4.3', '>= 4.3.12'
 
 group :development do
-  gem 'annotate', '~> 2.7'
-  gem 'better_errors'
+  gem 'annotate', '~> 2.7', '>= 2.7.5'
+  gem 'better_errors', '>= 2.8.0'
   gem 'binding_of_caller', '~> 0.7.2'
   gem 'brakeman', '~> 3.3'
-  gem 'bullet', '~> 5.3'
-  gem 'derailed_benchmarks', '~> 1.3'
+  gem 'bullet', '~> 5.7', '>= 5.7.5'
+  gem 'derailed_benchmarks', '~> 1.3', '>= 1.3.4'
   gem 'gem_bench', require: false
-  gem 'immigrant', '~> 0.3.5'
-  gem 'letter_opener', '~> 1.4'
+  gem 'immigrant', '~> 0.3.6'
+  gem 'letter_opener', '~> 1.6', '>= 1.6.0'
   gem 'memory_profiler', '~> 0.9.6'
-  gem 'meta_request', '~> 0.4.0'
+  gem 'meta_request', '~> 0.7.0'
   gem 'populator', '~> 1.0.0'
-  gem 'sinatra', '~> 1.4.7' # for Sidekiq monitoring https://github.com/mperham/sidekiq/wiki/Monitoring
-  gem 'rails-footnotes', '~> 4.1'
-  gem 'rails_best_practices', '~> 1.17'
+  gem 'sinatra', '~> 2.2.3' # for Sidekiq monitoring https://github.com/mperham/sidekiq/wiki/Monitoring
+  gem 'rails-footnotes', '~> 4.1', '>= 4.1.8'
+  gem 'rails_best_practices', '~> 1.19', '>= 1.19.2'
   # benchmarking
   gem 'stackprof', '~> 0.2.9'
-  gem 'web-console', '~> 3.3'
+  gem 'web-console', '~> 3.3', '>= 3.3.0'
 end
 
 group :development, :test do
   gem 'ffaker', '~> 2.2'
   gem 'jazz_fingers', '~> 4.0'
-  gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 3.5'
+  gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 3.7', '>= 3.7.2'
   gem 'spring', '~> 1.7'
 end
 
 group :test do
-  gem 'capybara', '~> 3.3'
-  gem 'capybara-screenshot', '~> 1.0'
-  gem 'capybara-webkit', '~> 1.15'
+  gem 'capybara', '~> 3.31', '>= 3.31.0'
+  gem 'capybara-screenshot', '~> 1.0', '>= 1.0.24'
+  gem 'capybara-webkit', '~> 1.15', '>= 1.15.1'
   gem 'codeclimate-test-reporter', '~> 0.6.0', require: nil
   gem 'database_cleaner', '~> 1.5'
-  gem 'factory_girl_rails', '~> 4.7'
+  gem 'factory_girl_rails', '~> 4.9', '>= 4.9.0'
   gem 'guard-rspec', '~> 4.7'
-  gem 'shoulda-matchers', '~> 3.1'
-  gem 'webmock', '~> 2.1'
+  gem 'shoulda-matchers', '~> 3.1', '>= 3.1.2'
+  gem 'webmock', '~> 2.3', '>= 2.3.2'
   gem 'vcr', '~> 3.0'
 end
 
 group :production do
   gem 'bonsai-elasticsearch-rails', '~> 0.0.4'
-  gem 'fog', '~> 1.36'
+  gem 'fog', '~> 1.42', '>= 1.42.0'
   gem 'rails_12factor', '~> 0.0.3'
 end