diff --git a/content/publication/wu2023replacement.md b/content/publication/wu2023replacement.md index e0fbab2..9dd8275 100644 --- a/content/publication/wu2023replacement.md +++ b/content/publication/wu2023replacement.md @@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ # 5 -> 'Thesis' title = "If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement" -date = "2023-03-07" +date = "2023-10-02" authors = ["S. A. Wu","T. Gerstenberg"] publication_types = ["1"] -publication_short = "_PsyArXiv_" -publication = "Wu S. A., Gerstenberg T. (2023). If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement. In _PsyArXiv_." +publication_short = "_Cognition_" +publication = "Wu S. A., Gerstenberg T. (accepted). If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement. _Cognition_." abstract = "How do people hold others responsible? Responsibility judgments are affected not only by what actually happened, but also by what could have happened if things had turned out differently. Here, we look at how replaceability -- the ease with which a person could have been replaced by someone else -- affects responsibility. We develop the counterfactual replacement model which runs simulations of alternative scenarios to determine the probability that the outcome would have been different if the person of interest had been replaced. The model predicts that a person is held more responsible when it would have been more difficult to replace them. To test the model's predictions, we design a paradigm that quantitatively varies replaceability by manipulating the number of replacements as well as the probability with which each replacement would have been available. Across three experiments featuring increasingly complex scenarios, we show that the model explains participants' responsibility judgments well in both social and physical settings, and better than alternative models that rely only on features of what actually happened." image_preview = "" selected = false diff --git a/docs/404.html b/docs/404.html index dc9dea6..92cb07e 100644 --- a/docs/404.html +++ b/docs/404.html @@ -237,6 +237,10 @@

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Publications

+ + @@ -253,10 +257,6 @@

Publications

  • Understanding Social Reasoning in Language Models with Language Models
  • - - diff --git a/docs/bibtex/cic_papers.bib b/docs/bibtex/cic_papers.bib index 42ba385..154e1c7 100644 --- a/docs/bibtex/cic_papers.bib +++ b/docs/bibtex/cic_papers.bib @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% This BibTeX bibliography file was created using BibDesk. %% https://bibdesk.sourceforge.io/ -%% Created for Tobias Gerstenberg at 2023-09-09 11:58:58 -0700 +%% Created for Tobias Gerstenberg at 2023-10-02 22:32:06 -0700 %% Saved with string encoding Unicode (UTF-8) @@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ @article{amemiya2023disagreement journal = {PsyArXiv}, title = {Children use disagreement to infer what happened}, url = {https://psyarxiv.com/y79sd/}, - year = {2023}} + year = {2023}, + bdsk-url-1 = {https://psyarxiv.com/y79sd/}} @article{beller2023language, abstract = {The words we use to describe what happened shape the story a listener imagines. How do speakers choose what causal expression to use? How does that impact what listeners infer about what happened? In this paper, we develop a computational model of how people use the causal expressions "caused", "enabled", "affected", and "made no difference". The model first builds a causal representation of what happened. By running counterfactual simulations, the model computes causal aspects that capture the different ways in which a candidate cause made a difference to the outcome. Logical combinations of these aspects define a semantics for the different causal expressions. The model then uses pragmatic inference favoring informative utterances to decide what word to use in context. We test our model in a series of experiments. In a set of psycholinguistic studies, we verify semantic and pragmatic assumptions of our model. We show that the causal expressions exist on a hierarchy of informativeness, and that participants draw informative pragmatic inferences in line with this scale. In the next two studies, we demonstrate that our model quantitatively fits participant behavior in a speaker task and a listener task involving dynamic physical scenarios. We compare our model to two lesioned alternatives, one which removes the pragmatic inference component, and another which additionally removes the semantics of the causal expressions. Our full model better accounts for participants' behavior than both alternatives, suggesting that causal knowledge, semantics, and pragmatics are all important for understanding how people produce and comprehend causal language.}, @@ -157,11 +158,10 @@ @article{wu2023replacement abstract = {How do people hold others responsible? Responsibility judgments are affected not only by what actually happened, but also by what could have happened if things had turned out differently. Here, we look at how replaceability -- the ease with which a person could have been replaced by someone else -- affects responsibility. We develop the counterfactual replacement model which runs simulations of alternative scenarios to determine the probability that the outcome would have been different if the person of interest had been replaced. The model predicts that a person is held more responsible when it would have been more difficult to replace them. To test the model's predictions, we design a paradigm that quantitatively varies replaceability by manipulating the number of replacements as well as the probability with which each replacement would have been available. Across three experiments featuring increasingly complex scenarios, we show that the model explains participants' responsibility judgments well in both social and physical settings, and better than alternative models that rely only on features of what actually happened.}, author = {Sarah A Wu and Tobias Gerstenberg}, date-added = {2023-03-07 18:12:16 -0800}, - date-modified = {2023-03-07 18:12:16 -0800}, - journal = {PsyArXiv}, + date-modified = {2023-10-02 22:32:06 -0700}, + journal = {Cognition}, title = {{If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement}}, - url = {https://psyarxiv.com/m2rcj/}, - year = {2023}, + year = {{accepted}}, bdsk-url-1 = {https://psyarxiv.com/m2rcj/}} @article{gerstenberg2023criticality, diff --git a/docs/index.html b/docs/index.html index cc03998..8fdab3f 100644 --- a/docs/index.html +++ b/docs/index.html @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ - + diff --git a/docs/index.xml b/docs/index.xml index 0b399c5..732a650 100644 --- a/docs/index.xml +++ b/docs/index.xml @@ -6,9 +6,18 @@ Hugo -- gohugo.io en-us © 2023 Tobias Gerstenberg - Sat, 09 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 + Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 + + If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement + https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ + Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ + + + Children use disagreement to infer what happened https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/amemiya2023disagreement/ @@ -126,15 +135,6 @@ - - If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement - https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ - Tue, 07 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000 - - https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ - - - Mental Jenga: A counterfactual simulation model of causal judgments about physical support https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/zhou2023jenga/ diff --git a/docs/member/tobias_gerstenberg/index.html b/docs/member/tobias_gerstenberg/index.html index 21dafdf..6f8d6f2 100644 --- a/docs/member/tobias_gerstenberg/index.html +++ b/docs/member/tobias_gerstenberg/index.html @@ -354,6 +354,43 @@

    Publications

    + + + (2023). + + If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement. + Cognition. + +

    + + + + + Preprint + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Github + + +

    +
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    @@ -896,43 +933,6 @@

    Publications

    Github -

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    - - - (2023). - - If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement. - PsyArXiv. - -

    - - - - - Preprint - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Github - -

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    Publications

    +
    + +
    + + + (2023). + + If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement. + Cognition. + +

    + + + + + Preprint + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Github + + +

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    @@ -2183,55 +2232,6 @@

    Publications

    -
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    - - - (2023). - - If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement. - PsyArXiv. - -

    - - - - - Preprint - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Github - - -

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    diff --git a/docs/publication/index.xml b/docs/publication/index.xml index a68f089..508013e 100644 --- a/docs/publication/index.xml +++ b/docs/publication/index.xml @@ -12,6 +12,15 @@ + + If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement + https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ + Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ + + + Children use disagreement to infer what happened https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/amemiya2023disagreement/ @@ -129,15 +138,6 @@ - - If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement - https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ - Tue, 07 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000 - - https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ - - - Mental Jenga: A counterfactual simulation model of causal judgments about physical support https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/zhou2023jenga/ diff --git a/docs/publication/wu2023replacement/index.html b/docs/publication/wu2023replacement/index.html index 6aa6316..6e20612 100644 --- a/docs/publication/wu2023replacement/index.html +++ b/docs/publication/wu2023replacement/index.html @@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ - + - + @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@

    Abstract

    Publication
    -
    Wu S. A., Gerstenberg T. (2023). If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement. In PsyArXiv.
    +
    Wu S. A., Gerstenberg T. (accepted). If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement. Cognition.
    diff --git a/docs/publication_types/1/index.html b/docs/publication_types/1/index.html index d48fe76..0cf0bd1 100644 --- a/docs/publication_types/1/index.html +++ b/docs/publication_types/1/index.html @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ - + @@ -239,37 +239,37 @@

    1

    -

    Children use disagreement to infer what happened

    +

    If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement

    - A challenge when figuring out what happened based on what others say is that they might disagree. Two preregistered experiments examined how children age 7 to 11 years use disagreement to make inferences about social events. Specifically, when there … + How do people hold others responsible? Responsibility judgments are affected not only by what actually happened, but also by what could have happened if things had turned out differently. Here, we look at how replaceability -- the ease with which a …
    -

    A counterfactual simulation model of causal language

    +

    Children use disagreement to infer what happened

    - The words we use to describe what happened shape the story a listener imagines. How do speakers choose what causal expression to use? How does that impact what listeners infer about what happened? In this paper, we develop a computational model of … + A challenge when figuring out what happened based on what others say is that they might disagree. Two preregistered experiments examined how children age 7 to 11 years use disagreement to make inferences about social events. Specifically, when there …
    -

    Understanding Social Reasoning in Language Models with Language Models

    +

    A counterfactual simulation model of causal language

    - As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into our everyday lives, understanding their ability to comprehend human mental states becomes critical for ensuring effective interactions. However, despite the recent attempts to assess … + The words we use to describe what happened shape the story a listener imagines. How do speakers choose what causal expression to use? How does that impact what listeners infer about what happened? In this paper, we develop a computational model of …
    -

    If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement

    +

    Understanding Social Reasoning in Language Models with Language Models

    - How do people hold others responsible? Responsibility judgments are affected not only by what actually happened, but also by what could have happened if things had turned out differently. Here, we look at how replaceability -- the ease with which a … + As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into our everyday lives, understanding their ability to comprehend human mental states becomes critical for ensuring effective interactions. However, despite the recent attempts to assess …
    diff --git a/docs/publication_types/1/index.xml b/docs/publication_types/1/index.xml index f7d411c..c0deed3 100644 --- a/docs/publication_types/1/index.xml +++ b/docs/publication_types/1/index.xml @@ -7,11 +7,20 @@ Hugo -- gohugo.io en-us © 2023 Tobias Gerstenberg - Sat, 09 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 + Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 + + If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement + https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ + Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 + + https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ + + + Children use disagreement to infer what happened https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/amemiya2023disagreement/ @@ -39,15 +48,6 @@ - - If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement - https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ - Tue, 07 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000 - - https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ - - - Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/srivastava2022imitation/ diff --git a/docs/publication_types/index.html b/docs/publication_types/index.html index 7a94cc7..9962f88 100644 --- a/docs/publication_types/index.html +++ b/docs/publication_types/index.html @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ - + diff --git a/docs/publication_types/index.xml b/docs/publication_types/index.xml index 909001b..c00e7f6 100644 --- a/docs/publication_types/index.xml +++ b/docs/publication_types/index.xml @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Hugo -- gohugo.io en-us © 2023 Tobias Gerstenberg - Sat, 09 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 + Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ 1 https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication_types/1/ - Sat, 09 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 + Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication_types/1/ diff --git a/docs/sitemap.xml b/docs/sitemap.xml index d03196d..0f2d9de 100644 --- a/docs/sitemap.xml +++ b/docs/sitemap.xml @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication_types/1/ - 2023-09-09T00:00:00+00:00 + 2023-10-02T00:00:00+00:00 0 @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ https://cicl.stanford.edu/ - 2023-09-09T00:00:00+00:00 + 2023-10-02T00:00:00+00:00 0 @@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ - https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/amemiya2023disagreement/ - 2023-09-09T00:00:00+00:00 + https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ + 2023-10-02T00:00:00+00:00 @@ -30,12 +30,20 @@ https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication_types/ - 2023-09-09T00:00:00+00:00 + 2023-10-02T00:00:00+00:00 0 + + + https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/amemiya2023disagreement/ + 2023-09-09T00:00:00+00:00 + + + + https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/beller2023language/ @@ -150,14 +158,6 @@ - - - https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/wu2023replacement/ - 2023-03-07T00:00:00+00:00 - - - - https://cicl.stanford.edu/publication/zhou2023jenga/ diff --git a/static/bibtex/cic_papers.bib b/static/bibtex/cic_papers.bib index 42ba385..154e1c7 100644 --- a/static/bibtex/cic_papers.bib +++ b/static/bibtex/cic_papers.bib @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% This BibTeX bibliography file was created using BibDesk. %% https://bibdesk.sourceforge.io/ -%% Created for Tobias Gerstenberg at 2023-09-09 11:58:58 -0700 +%% Created for Tobias Gerstenberg at 2023-10-02 22:32:06 -0700 %% Saved with string encoding Unicode (UTF-8) @@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ @article{amemiya2023disagreement journal = {PsyArXiv}, title = {Children use disagreement to infer what happened}, url = {https://psyarxiv.com/y79sd/}, - year = {2023}} + year = {2023}, + bdsk-url-1 = {https://psyarxiv.com/y79sd/}} @article{beller2023language, abstract = {The words we use to describe what happened shape the story a listener imagines. How do speakers choose what causal expression to use? How does that impact what listeners infer about what happened? In this paper, we develop a computational model of how people use the causal expressions "caused", "enabled", "affected", and "made no difference". The model first builds a causal representation of what happened. By running counterfactual simulations, the model computes causal aspects that capture the different ways in which a candidate cause made a difference to the outcome. Logical combinations of these aspects define a semantics for the different causal expressions. The model then uses pragmatic inference favoring informative utterances to decide what word to use in context. We test our model in a series of experiments. In a set of psycholinguistic studies, we verify semantic and pragmatic assumptions of our model. We show that the causal expressions exist on a hierarchy of informativeness, and that participants draw informative pragmatic inferences in line with this scale. In the next two studies, we demonstrate that our model quantitatively fits participant behavior in a speaker task and a listener task involving dynamic physical scenarios. We compare our model to two lesioned alternatives, one which removes the pragmatic inference component, and another which additionally removes the semantics of the causal expressions. Our full model better accounts for participants' behavior than both alternatives, suggesting that causal knowledge, semantics, and pragmatics are all important for understanding how people produce and comprehend causal language.}, @@ -157,11 +158,10 @@ @article{wu2023replacement abstract = {How do people hold others responsible? Responsibility judgments are affected not only by what actually happened, but also by what could have happened if things had turned out differently. Here, we look at how replaceability -- the ease with which a person could have been replaced by someone else -- affects responsibility. We develop the counterfactual replacement model which runs simulations of alternative scenarios to determine the probability that the outcome would have been different if the person of interest had been replaced. The model predicts that a person is held more responsible when it would have been more difficult to replace them. To test the model's predictions, we design a paradigm that quantitatively varies replaceability by manipulating the number of replacements as well as the probability with which each replacement would have been available. Across three experiments featuring increasingly complex scenarios, we show that the model explains participants' responsibility judgments well in both social and physical settings, and better than alternative models that rely only on features of what actually happened.}, author = {Sarah A Wu and Tobias Gerstenberg}, date-added = {2023-03-07 18:12:16 -0800}, - date-modified = {2023-03-07 18:12:16 -0800}, - journal = {PsyArXiv}, + date-modified = {2023-10-02 22:32:06 -0700}, + journal = {Cognition}, title = {{If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement}}, - url = {https://psyarxiv.com/m2rcj/}, - year = {2023}, + year = {{accepted}}, bdsk-url-1 = {https://psyarxiv.com/m2rcj/}} @article{gerstenberg2023criticality,