From e128ce49571279e914880ec651b5df484285d49e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hao Chen <haoel@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 3 May 2021 12:15:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] New Problem Solution - "1847. Closest Room"

---
 README.md                                  |   1 +
 algorithms/cpp/closestRoom/ClosestRoom.cpp | 108 +++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 109 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 algorithms/cpp/closestRoom/ClosestRoom.cpp

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index bd6ad41fa..adf300cb0 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ LeetCode
 
 | # | Title | Solution | Difficulty |
 |---| ----- | -------- | ---------- |
+|1847|[Closest Room](https://leetcode.com/problems/closest-room/) | [C++](./algorithms/cpp/closestRoom/ClosestRoom.cpp)|Hard|
 |1846|[Maximum Element After Decreasing and Rearranging](https://leetcode.com/problems/maximum-element-after-decreasing-and-rearranging/) | [C++](./algorithms/cpp/maximumElementAfterDecreasingAndRearranging/MaximumElementAfterDecreasingAndRearranging.cpp)|Medium|
 |1845|[Seat Reservation Manager](https://leetcode.com/problems/seat-reservation-manager/) | [C++](./algorithms/cpp/seatReservationManager/SeatReservationManager.cpp)|Medium|
 |1844|[Replace All Digits with Characters](https://leetcode.com/problems/replace-all-digits-with-characters/) | [C++](./algorithms/cpp/replaceAllDigitsWithCharacters/ReplaceAllDigitsWithCharacters.cpp)|Easy|
diff --git a/algorithms/cpp/closestRoom/ClosestRoom.cpp b/algorithms/cpp/closestRoom/ClosestRoom.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3f2fdfb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/cpp/closestRoom/ClosestRoom.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Source : https://leetcode.com/problems/closest-room/
+// Author : Hao Chen
+// Date   : 2021-05-03
+
+/***************************************************************************************************** 
+ *
+ * There is a hotel with n rooms. The rooms are represented by a 2D integer array rooms where rooms[i] 
+ * = [roomIdi, sizei] denotes that there is a room with room number roomIdi and size equal to sizei. 
+ * Each roomIdi is guaranteed to be unique.
+ * 
+ * You are also given k queries in a 2D array queries where queries[j] = [preferredj, minSizej]. The 
+ * answer to the j^th query is the room number id of a room such that:
+ * 
+ * 	The room has a size of at least minSizej, and
+ * 	abs(id - preferredj) is minimized, where abs(x) is the absolute value of x.
+ * 
+ * If there is a tie in the absolute difference, then use the room with the smallest such id. If there 
+ * is no such room, the answer is -1.
+ * 
+ * Return an array answer of length k where answer[j] contains the answer to the j^th query.
+ * 
+ * Example 1:
+ * 
+ * Input: rooms = [[2,2],[1,2],[3,2]], queries = [[3,1],[3,3],[5,2]]
+ * Output: [3,-1,3]
+ * Explanation: The answers to the queries are as follows:
+ * Query = [3,1]: Room number 3 is the closest as abs(3 - 3) = 0, and its size of 2 is at least 1. The 
+ * answer is 3.
+ * Query = [3,3]: There are no rooms with a size of at least 3, so the answer is -1.
+ * Query = [5,2]: Room number 3 is the closest as abs(3 - 5) = 2, and its size of 2 is at least 2. The 
+ * answer is 3.
+ * 
+ * Example 2:
+ * 
+ * Input: rooms = [[1,4],[2,3],[3,5],[4,1],[5,2]], queries = [[2,3],[2,4],[2,5]]
+ * Output: [2,1,3]
+ * Explanation: The answers to the queries are as follows:
+ * Query = [2,3]: Room number 2 is the closest as abs(2 - 2) = 0, and its size of 3 is at least 3. The 
+ * answer is 2.
+ * Query = [2,4]: Room numbers 1 and 3 both have sizes of at least 4. The answer is 1 since it is 
+ * smaller.
+ * Query = [2,5]: Room number 3 is the only room with a size of at least 5. The answer is 3.
+ * 
+ * Constraints:
+ * 
+ * 	n == rooms.length
+ * 	1 <= n <= 10^5
+ * 	k == queries.length
+ * 	1 <= k <= 10^4
+ * 	1 <= roomIdi, preferredj <= 10^7
+ * 	1 <= sizei, minSizej <= 10^7
+ * 
+ ******************************************************************************************************/
+
+class Solution {
+private:
+    void print(vector<vector<int>>& vv) {
+        cout << "[";
+        int i = 0;
+        for(; i<vv.size()-1; i++) {
+            cout << "[" << vv[i][0] << "," << vv[i][1] << "],";
+        }
+        cout << "[" << vv[i][0] << "," << vv[i][1] << "]]" << endl;
+    }
+public:
+    vector<int> closestRoom(vector<vector<int>>& rooms, vector<vector<int>>& queries) {
+        
+
+        for(int i=0; i<queries.size(); i++) { 
+            queries[i].push_back(i);
+        }
+        
+        // sorted the rooms by size by descending order, because query the minimal size.
+        auto sort_by_size_desc =  [&](vector<int>& lhs, vector<int>&rhs) {
+            if (lhs[1] != rhs[1] ) return lhs[1] > rhs[1];
+            return lhs[0] < rhs[0];
+        };
+        sort(rooms.begin(), rooms.end(), sort_by_size_desc);
+        sort(queries.begin(), queries.end(), sort_by_size_desc);
+        //print(rooms);
+        //print(queries);
+        
+        vector<int> result(queries.size(), -1);
+        set<int> ids;
+        int i = 0;
+        for( auto& q: queries) {
+            int preferId = q[0];
+            int minSize = q[1];
+            int idx = q[2];
+            for (;i < rooms.size() && rooms[i][1] >= minSize; i++) {
+                ids.insert(rooms[i][0]);
+            }
+            if (ids.size() <= 0 ) continue;
+            auto it = ids.lower_bound(preferId); 
+            
+            int id1 = (it == ids.begin() ? -1 : *(prev(it)));
+            int id2 = (it == ids.end() ? -1 : *it);
+            
+            if (id1 == -1 || id2 == -1) {
+                result[idx] = max(id1, id2);
+            }else{
+                result[idx] = abs(preferId - id1) <= abs(preferId - id2) ? id1 : id2;
+            }
+            
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+};