Our complete COVID-19 dataset is a collection of the COVID-19 data maintained by Our World in Data. We will update it daily throughout the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. It includes the following data:
| Metrics | Source | Updated | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccinations | Official data collated by the Our World in Data team | Daily | 217 |
| Tests & positivity | Official data collated by the Our World in Data team | Weekly | 136 |
| Hospital & ICU | Official data collated by the Our World in Data team | Weekly | 37 |
| Confirmed cases | JHU CSSE COVID-19 Data | Daily | 194 |
| Confirmed deaths | JHU CSSE COVID-19 Data | Daily | 194 |
| Reproduction rate | Arroyo-Marioli F, Bullano F, Kucinskas S, Rondón-Moreno C | Daily | 185 |
| Policy responses | Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker | Daily | 186 |
| Other variables of interest | International organizations (UN, World Bank, OECD, IHME…) | Fixed | 240 |
A specific section of this repository is also dedicated to vaccinations, with a lighter dataset containing only vaccination data.
- Confirmed cases and deaths: our data comes from the COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). We discuss how and when JHU collects and publishes this data here. The cases & deaths dataset is updated daily. Note: the number of cases or deaths reported by any institution—including JHU, the WHO, the ECDC and others—on a given day does not necessarily represent the actual number on that date. This is because of the long reporting chain that exists between a new case/death and its inclusion in statistics. This also means that negative values in cases and deaths can sometimes appear when a country corrects historical data, because it had previously overestimated the number of cases/deaths. Alternatively, large changes can sometimes (although rarely) be made to a country's entire time series if JHU decides (and has access to the necessary data) to correct values retrospectively.
- Hospitalizations and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions: our data comes from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) for a select number of European countries; and government sources for the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Israel, Algeria, and Switzerland.
- Testing for COVID-19: this data is collected by the Our World in Data team from official reports; you can find further details in our post on COVID-19 testing, including our checklist of questions to understand testing data, information on geographical and temporal coverage, and detailed country-by-country source information. The testing dataset is updated around twice a week.
- Vaccinations against COVID-19: this data is collected by the Our World in Data team from official reports.
- Other variables: this data is collected from a variety of sources (United Nations, World Bank, Global Burden of Disease, Blavatnik School of Government, etc.). More information is available in our codebook.
Our complete COVID-19 dataset is available in CSV, XLSX, and JSON formats, and includes all of our historical data on the pandemic up to the date of publication.
The CSV and XLSX files follow a format of 1 row per location and date. The JSON version is split by country ISO code, with static variables and an array of daily records.
The variables represent all of our main data related to confirmed cases, deaths, hospitalizations, and testing, as well as other variables of potential interest.
| Variable | Description |
|---|---|
total_cases |
Total confirmed cases of COVID-19 |
new_cases |
New confirmed cases of COVID-19 |
new_cases_smoothed |
New confirmed cases of COVID-19 (7-day smoothed) |
total_cases_per_million |
Total confirmed cases of COVID-19 per 1,000,000 people |
new_cases_per_million |
New confirmed cases of COVID-19 per 1,000,000 people |
new_cases_smoothed_per_million |
New confirmed cases of COVID-19 (7-day smoothed) per 1,000,000 people |
| Variable | Description |
|---|---|
total_deaths |
Total deaths attributed to COVID-19 |
new_deaths |
New deaths attributed to COVID-19 |
new_deaths_smoothed |
New deaths attributed to COVID-19 (7-day smoothed) |
total_deaths_per_million |
Total deaths attributed to COVID-19 per 1,000,000 people |
new_deaths_per_million |
New deaths attributed to COVID-19 per 1,000,000 people |
new_deaths_smoothed_per_million |
New deaths attributed to COVID-19 (7-day smoothed) per 1,000,000 people |
| Variable | Description |
|---|---|
icu_patients |
Number of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units (ICUs) on a given day |
icu_patients_per_million |
Number of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units (ICUs) on a given day per 1,000,000 people |
hosp_patients |
Number of COVID-19 patients in hospital on a given day |
hosp_patients_per_million |
Number of COVID-19 patients in hospital on a given day per 1,000,000 people |
weekly_icu_admissions |
Number of COVID-19 patients newly admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in a given week |
weekly_icu_admissions_per_million |
Number of COVID-19 patients newly admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in a given week per 1,000,000 people |
weekly_hosp_admissions |
Number of COVID-19 patients newly admitted to hospitals in a given week |
weekly_hosp_admissions_per_million |
Number of COVID-19 patients newly admitted to hospitals in a given week per 1,000,000 people |
| Variable | Description |
|---|---|
stringency_index |
Government Response Stringency Index: composite measure based on 9 response indicators including school closures, workplace closures, and travel bans, rescaled to a value from 0 to 100 (100 = strictest response) |
| Variable | Description |
|---|---|
reproduction_rate |
Real-time estimate of the effective reproduction rate (R) of COVID-19. See https://github.com/crondonm/TrackingR/tree/main/Estimates-Database |
| Variable | Description |
|---|---|
total_tests |
Total tests for COVID-19 |
new_tests |
New tests for COVID-19 (only calculated for consecutive days) |
total_tests_per_thousand |
Total tests for COVID-19 per 1,000 people |
new_tests_per_thousand |
New tests for COVID-19 per 1,000 people |
new_tests_smoothed |
New tests for COVID-19 (7-day smoothed). For countries that don't report testing data on a daily basis, we assume that testing changed equally on a daily basis over any periods in which no data was reported. This produces a complete series of daily figures, which is then averaged over a rolling 7-day window |
new_tests_smoothed_per_thousand |
New tests for COVID-19 (7-day smoothed) per 1,000 people |
positive_rate |
The share of COVID-19 tests that are positive, given as a rolling 7-day average (this is the inverse of tests_per_case) |
tests_per_case |
Tests conducted per new confirmed case of COVID-19, given as a rolling 7-day average (this is the inverse of positive_rate) |
tests_units |
Units used by the location to report its testing data |
| Variable | Description |
|---|---|
total_vaccinations |
Total number of COVID-19 vaccination doses administered |
people_vaccinated |
Total number of people who received at least one vaccine dose |
people_fully_vaccinated |
Total number of people who received all doses prescribed by the vaccination protocol |
total_boosters |
Total number of COVID-19 vaccination booster doses administered (doses administered beyond the number prescribed by the vaccination protocol) |
new_vaccinations |
New COVID-19 vaccination doses administered (only calculated for consecutive days) |
new_vaccinations_smoothed |
New COVID-19 vaccination doses administered (7-day smoothed). For countries that don't report vaccination data on a daily basis, we assume that vaccination changed equally on a daily basis over any periods in which no data was reported. This produces a complete series of daily figures, which is then averaged over a rolling 7-day window |
total_vaccinations_per_hundred |
Total number of COVID-19 vaccination doses administered per 100 people in the total population |
people_vaccinated_per_hundred |
Total number of people who received at least one vaccine dose per 100 people in the total population |
people_fully_vaccinated_per_hundred |
Total number of people who received all doses prescribed by the vaccination protocol per 100 people in the total population |
total_boosters_per_hundred |
Total number of COVID-19 vaccination booster doses administered per 100 people in the total population |
new_vaccinations_smoothed_per_million |
New COVID-19 vaccination doses administered (7-day smoothed) per 1,000,000 people in the total population |
| Variable | Description |
|---|---|
iso_code |
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 – three-letter country codes |
continent |
Continent of the geographical location |
location |
Geographical location |
date |
Date of observation |
population |
Population in 2020 |
population_density |
Number of people divided by land area, measured in square kilometers, most recent year available |
median_age |
Median age of the population, UN projection for 2020 |
aged_65_older |
Share of the population that is 65 years and older, most recent year available |
aged_70_older |
Share of the population that is 70 years and older in 2015 |
gdp_per_capita |
Gross domestic product at purchasing power parity (constant 2011 international dollars), most recent year available |
extreme_poverty |
Share of the population living in extreme poverty, most recent year available since 2010 |
cardiovasc_death_rate |
Death rate from cardiovascular disease in 2017 (annual number of deaths per 100,000 people) |
diabetes_prevalence |
Diabetes prevalence (% of population aged 20 to 79) in 2017 |
female_smokers |
Share of women who smoke, most recent year available |
male_smokers |
Share of men who smoke, most recent year available |
handwashing_facilities |
Share of the population with basic handwashing facilities on premises, most recent year available |
hospital_beds_per_thousand |
Hospital beds per 1,000 people, most recent year available since 2010 |
life_expectancy |
Life expectancy at birth in 2019 |
human_development_index |
A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development—a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. Values for 2019, imported from http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |
excess_mortality |
Excess mortality P-scores for all ages; see https://github.com/owid/covid-19-data/tree/master/public/data/excess_mortality for the definition of the P-score and how we calculate it |
excess_mortality_cumulative |
Excess mortality P-scores for all ages; see https://github.com/owid/covid-19-data/tree/master/public/data/excess_mortality for the definition of the P-score and how we calculate it |
A full codebook is made available, with a description and source for each variable in the dataset.
If you are interested in the individual files that make up the complete dataset, or more detailed information, other files can be found in the subfolders:
latest: shortened version of our complete dataset with only the latest value for each location and metric (within a limit of 2 weeks in the past). This file is available in CSV, XLSX, and JSON formats.jhu: data from the COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University, related to confirmed cases and deaths;testing: data from various official sources, related to COVID-19 tests performed in each country. This folder contains two files with more detailed information:covid-testing-all-observations.csvincludes, for each historical observation, the source of the individual data point, and sometimes notes on data collection;covid-testing-latest-data-source-details.csvincludes, for each country in our testing dataset, the latest figures and a detailed description of how the country’s data is collected;
excess_mortality: data on excess mortality during the pandemic, sourced from the Human Mortality Database and the UK Office for National Statistics;vaccinations: data from various official sources, related to COVID-19 vaccinations in each country;variants: data related to COVID-19 sequenced samples, classified into different variant groups;who: data from the World Health Organization, related to confirmed cases and deaths—we have stopped using and updating this data since 18 March 2020;ecdc: data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, related to confirmed cases and deaths—we have stopped using and updating this data since 30 November 2020.internal: data extracts intended for internal use at Our World in Data. They may change or be deleted without notice so we discourage using them.
- Up until 17 March 2020, we were using WHO data manually extracted from their daily situation report PDFs.
- From 19 March 2020, we started relying on data published by the European CDC. We wrote about why we decided to switch sources.
- On 3 April 2020, we added country-level time series on COVID-19 tests.
- On 16 April 2020, we made available a complete dataset of all of our main variables related to confirmed cases, deaths, and tests.
- On 25 April 2020, we added rows for "World" and "International" to our complete dataset. The
iso_codecolumn for "International" is blank, and for "World" we useOWID_WRL. - On 9 May 2020, we added new variables related to demographic, economic, and public health data to our complete dataset.
- On 19 May 2020, we added 2 variables related to testing:
new_tests_smoothedandnew_tests_smoothed_per_thousand. To generate them we assume that testing changed equally on a daily basis over any periods in which no data was reported (as not all countries report testing data on a daily basis). This produces a complete series of daily figures, which is then averaged over a rolling 7-day window. - On 23 May 2020, we added a JSON version of our complete dataset.
- On 4 June 2020, we added a
continentcolumn to our complete dataset. - On 1 July 2020, we changed the format of the JSON version of our complete dataset to normalize the data and reduce file size.
- On 4 August 2020, we added the
positive_rateandtests_per_casecolumns to our complete dataset. - On 7 August 2020, we transformed our markdown codebook to a CSV file to allow easier merging with the complete dataset.
- On 17 August 2020, we added 4 variables related to cases and deaths:
new_cases_smoothed,new_deaths_smoothed,new_cases_smoothed_per_million, andnew_deaths_smoothed_per_million. These metrics are averaged versions (over a rolling 7-day window) of the daily variables. - On 10 September 2020, we added the
human_development_indexcolumn to our complete dataset. - On 14 October 2020, we added data on excess mortality during the pandemic in the
excess_mortalityfolder, sourced from the Human Mortality Database and the UK Office for National Statistics. - On 29 October 2020, we added data on hospitalizations and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, sourced from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), who provide these statistics only for a select number of European countries, and update it on a weekly basis.
- On 10 November 2020, we added data on hospitalizations and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for the United States, sourced from the COVID Tracking Project.
- On 13 November 2020, we added real-time estimates of the effective reproduction rate (R) of the virus, sourced from Arroyo Marioli et al. (2020).
- On 30 November 2020, we changed our source for confirmed cases and deaths to the COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University. Our previous source for confirmed cases and deaths, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), had announced in November 2020 that it would switch from a daily to a weekly reporting schedule from December. Our World in Data therefore had to transition away from the ECDC as a source to continue to provide daily updates of confirmed cases and deaths. The data last sourced from the ECDC remains available as an archive in the
ecdcfolder. The format (variable names and types) of our complete COVID-19 dataset remains the same. - On 9 December 2020, we changed the names of three countries in our files to match their recently-changed official names.
Czech Republichas becomeCzechia,Macedoniahas becomeNorth Macedonia, andSwazilandhas becomeEswatini. - On 16 December 2020, we started collecting country-level time series on COVID-19 vaccinations.
- On 18 December 2020, we added in the
latestfolder a shortened version of our complete dataset with only the latest value for each location and metric (within a limit of 2 weeks in the past). This file is available in CSV, XLSX, and JSON formats. - On 19 December 2020, we added data on hospitalizations and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for Canada, sourced from the COVID-19 Tracker.
- On 6 January 2021, we added two variables for daily vaccinations to our complete dataset.
- On 7 January 2021, we replaced the United Kingdom's hospital and ICU data previously gathered by the European CDC with the official data published by the British government.
- On 26 January 2021, we added 4 variables on people vaccinated and people fully vaccinated to our complete dataset.
- On 4 February 2021, we added rows for Africa, Asia, Europe, European Union, North America, Oceania, and South America to our complete dataset. The
iso_codecolumn for these rows starts withOWID_. - On 5 March 2021, due to the COVID Tracking Project's announcement that their data collection effort would stop in March 2021, we transitioned to the Department of Health & Human Services as our source for data on hospitalizations and ICU admissions in the United States.
- On 1 July 2021, we added a dataset on SARS-CoV-2 variants based on data made available by CoVariants.org.
- On 15 July 2021, we added data on intensive care unit (ICU) patients for Algeria, sourced from the Ministry of Health.
- On 11 August 2021, we added the metric
total_boostersto our vaccination data. This counts the total number of booster doses (doses administered beyond the number prescribed by the vaccination protocol). - On 12 August 2021, we added hospital and ICU data for Switzerland, sourced from the Federal Office of Public Health.
- On 22 September 2021, we added new variable
excess_mortality_cumulative, the cumulative version of variableexcess_mortality.
- The population estimates we use to calculate per-capita metrics are all based on the last revision of the United Nations World Population Prospects. The exact values can be viewed here.
- We standardize names of countries and regions. Since the names of countries and regions are different in different data sources, we standardize all names to the Our World in Data standard entity names.
- We may correct or discard inconsistencies that we detect in the original data.
- Testing data is collected from many different sources. A detailed documentation for each country is available in our post on COVID-19 testing.
- Where we collect multiple time series for a given country in our testing data (for example: for the United States, we collect data from both the CDC, and the COVID Tracking Project), our complete COVID-19 dataset only includes the most complete, or, if equally complete, data on the number of people tested rather than the number of tests/samples/swabs processed. The list of 'secondary' test series (those removed) is located in
scripts/input/owid/secondary_testing_series.csv.
The /public path of this repository is hosted at https://covid.ourworldindata.org/. For example, you can access the CSV for the complete dataset at https://covid.ourworldindata.org/data/owid-covid-data.csv.
We have the goal to keep all stable URLs working, even when we have to restructure this repository. If you need regular updates, please consider using the covid.ourworldindata.org URLs rather than pointing to GitHub.
All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.
In the case of our vaccination dataset, please give the following citation:
Mathieu, E., Ritchie, H., Ortiz-Ospina, E. et al. A global database of COVID-19 vaccinations. Nat Hum Behav (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01122-8
In the case of our testing dataset, please give the following citation:
Hasell, J., Mathieu, E., Beltekian, D. et al. A cross-country database of COVID-19 testing. Sci Data 7, 345 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00688-8
The data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. We will always indicate the original source of the data in our database, and you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use.
This data has been collected, aggregated, and documented by Cameron Appel, Diana Beltekian, Daniel Gavrilov, Charlie Giattino, Joe Hasell, Bobbie Macdonald, Edouard Mathieu, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, Hannah Ritchie, Lucas Rodés-Guirao, Max Roser.
The mission of Our World in Data is to make data and research on the world's largest problems understandable and accessible. Read more about our mission.