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dekl.htm
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link href="stíl.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="Author" content="Lars Bräsicke">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="me fein">
<title>The Declensions</title>
</head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFCC99" link="#0000EE" vlink="#551A8B" alink="#FF0000" background="bg524f.jpg">
<table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFCC99">
<tr>
<td>
<h1>
<span class="red">Caibidil a hAon: The Noun (an tAinmfhocal)</span></h1>
<h2 id="Anfang"><i><span class="red">Declension of Nouns (Díochlaonadh na nAinmfhocal)</span></i></h2>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr width="100%">
<h3><b class="lightgreen">Introduction:</b></h3>
In Irish, the nouns are declined. Similarly to German, the declension is pretty rudimentary, the changes rather small, and only in a few <a href="subst2.htm#oben">cases</a> are they differentiated.
<br>
One subdivides the nouns by their declension inti 5 main groups <b><i>(declensionen / díochlaontaí).</i></b>
<p>In the divisions, similarities in the declension in the Celtic and the Latin declensions become apparent. [ <a href="#fn1" id="fnverweis1">1</a> ]
<p>The divisions follow the form of the <a href="subst2.htm#Genitiv">genitive</a> singular. Also for the <a href="subst2.htm#Dativ">dative</a> singular (if still in use) there are clear rules. <br>
For the plural, there are certain regularities, which are very variable and were not taken into account when dividing the declensions.
<br>
A few of the nouns form irregular genitives, hence, they belong to the irregular declension.
<p>In the dialects, sometimes a few of the nouns will spring over to other declensions (e.g.: <i>shoulder = guala - gualann</i>, 5th decl., also <i>gualainn - gualainne</i>, 2nd decl., <i>father = athair - athar</i>, 5th decl., also <i>athair - athara</i>, 3rd decl.)
<h3 class="lightgreen">Overview:</h3>
<table border width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td><b>declension
<br></b></td>
<td><b>gender<br>
(mostly)</b></td>
<td><b>genitive
<br>singular</b></td>
<td><b>dative
<br>singular</b></td>
<td><b>example<br>
</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="1dekl.htm">1st declension</a></td>
<td>m</td>
<td>palatalisation</td>
<td>= nominative</td>
<td>fear - f<b class="red">i</b>r - fear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="2dekl.htm">2nd declension</a></td>
<td>f.</td>
<td>palatalisation + <b class="red">-e</b></td>
<td>palatalisation</td>
<td nowrap>long - lo<b class="red">i</b>ng<b class="red">e</b> - lo<b class="red">i</b>ng</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="3dekl.htm">3rd declension</a></td>
<td>m./f.</td>
<td>(depalatalisation) <b>+ <span class="red">-a</span></b></td>
<td>= nominative</td>
<td nowrap>leann - leann<b class="red">a</b> - leann</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="4dekl.htm">4th declension</a></td>
<td>m. </td>
<td>= nominative</td>
<td>= nominative</td>
<td nowrap>cailín - cailín - cailín</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3"><a href="5dekl.htm">5th declension</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">f.</td>
<td nowrap>depalatalisation</td>
<td nowrap>= nominative</td>
<td nowrap>atha<b class="red">i</b>r - athar - atha<b class="red">i</b>r</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap>(depalatalisation) + <b class="red">-(e)ach</b></td>
<td nowrap>(depalatalisation) + <b class="red">-(a)igh</b></td>
<td nowrap>beo<b class="red">i</b>r - beor<b class="red">ach</b> - beor<b class="red">aigh</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap>+ <b class="red">-d</b>, <b class="red">-n/-nn</b></td>
<td nowrap>+ <b class="red">-id</b>, <b class="red">-in/-inn</b></td>
<td nowrap>cara - cara<b class="red">d</b> - cara<b class="red">id</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap><a href="0dekl.htm">irreg. declension</a></td>
<td>m./f.</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>bean - mná - mnaoí</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
<hr width="100%">
<center><a href="#Anfang" title="nach oben">suas</a>
<br>
<br>
<a href="subst1.htm">nouns</a>
<br>
<a href=".">Gramadach na Gaeilge</a>
<br>
<hr width="100%">
<font size="-2">© <a href="https://braesicke.de/index.htm">Lars Bräsicke</a> 1999 / 2000</font></center>
<p><br><font size="-1">
<br>[ <a href="#fnverweis1" id="fn1">1</a> ]
<br>
comp. <b>lat.</b> longa - longae/ <b>ir.</b> long - loinge: the lat. genitive-suffix -ae of the a-declension corresponds with the Irish -e with <a href="palat.htm#oben">palatalisation</a> of the final consonant.<b> lat.</b> vir - viri / <b>ir.</b> fear - fir: the lat. genitive-suffix -i of the o-declension is in Irischen only to be noticed in the palatalisation of the final consonant.
</font>
<a href="https://github.com/cuplamilefocal/gnag">view on github</a></body>
</html>