-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Copy pathfaoi.htm
289 lines (198 loc) · 5.86 KB
/
faoi.htm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link href="stíl.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="Author" content="Lars Bräsicke">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="me fein">
<title>The preposition faoi</title>
</head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFCC99" link="#0000EE" vlink="#551A8B" alink="#FF0000" background="bg524f.jpg">
<table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFCC99">
<tr>
<td>
<h1>
<span class="red">Caibidil a Cúig: Prepositions (Réamhfhocail)</span></h1>
<h2 id="oben"><i class="red">faoi = under, about </i></h2>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr width="100%">
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Case</span></h3>
faoi requires the dative
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Variations</span></h3>
<p><b class="red">faoi</b> is the Connacht- and standard form
<br>
<b class="red">fé </b>(in Munster),
<b class="red">fá</b> (old standard form), less common also<b class="red"> fó</b>,
<b class="red">fí</b>
<br>
in <i>Ulster</i> both <b class="red">faoi</b> (in the sense of "under") and <b class="red">fá</b> (in the sense of "over","above") are in use
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Initial Mutations</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>
without the article: <b>lenition</b></li>
<li>
with the article: <b>eclipsis</b> (except d, t) e.g.: <i>faoin mbord = under the table</i>
<ul type="square">
<li>only in Munster, also d,t eclipses </li>
<li>in Connacht t-prefix precedes femin. nouns with s-: <i>faoin tsúil = under the eye </i></li>
<li>in Ulster, always <b>lenition</b>: <i>faoin bhord</i></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Interrogative:</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>
<b class="red">cé/cad faoi</b> + indirect relative clause = under what?</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Combined with the article</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>
faoi + an = <b class="red">faoin</b></li>
<li>
faoi + na = <b class="red">faoi na</b></li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Combined with personal pronouns and possessive pronouns:</span></h3>
<table border width="63%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>personal pron.</b></td>
<td><b>contrast form </b></td>
<td><b>translation</b></td>
<td><b>possessive pron. </b></td>
<td><b>translation</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>I</td>
<td class="red bold">fúm</td>
<td class="red bold">fúmsa</td>
<td>under me </td>
<td class="red bold">faoi mo</td>
<td>under my </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>you</td>
<td class="red bold">fút</td>
<td class="red bold">fútsa</td>
<td>under you </td>
<td class="red bold">faoi do</td>
<td>under your </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>he</td>
<td class="red bold">faoi</td>
<td class="red bold">faoisean</td>
<td>under him </td>
<td class="red bold">faoina</td>
<td>under his </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>she</td>
<td class="red bold">fúithi</td>
<td class="red bold">fúithise</td>
<td>under her </td>
<td class="red bold">faoina</td>
<td>under her </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>we</td>
<td class="red bold">fúinn</td>
<td class="red bold">fúinne</td>
<td>under us </td>
<td class="red bold">faoinár</td>
<td nowrap>under our </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>you(pl)</td>
<td class="red bold">fúibh</td>
<td class="red bold">fúibhse</td>
<td>under euch</td>
<td class="red bold">faoi bhur</td>
<td>under your</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>they</td>
<td class="red bold">fúthu</td>
<td class="red bold">fúthusan</td>
<td>under them </td>
<td class="red bold">faoina</td>
<td>under their </td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Combined with the indirect relative particle a and with the indirect relative form of the copula</span></h3>
<table border width="64%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td><b>tense</b></td>
<td><b>relative part.</b>
<br>
<b>faoi + a/ar</b></td>
<td><b>copular form </b>
<br>
<b>faoi + ar</b></td>
<td><b>copular form </b>
<br>
<b>preceding a vowel</b></td>
<td><b>translation</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap>present</td>
<td class="red bold">faoina</td>
<td class="red bold">faoinar</td>
<td class="red bold">faoinarb</td>
<td nowrap>under him/her/it </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>preterite</td>
<td class="red bold">faoinar</td>
<td class="red bold">faoinar</td>
<td class="red bold">faoinarbh</td>
<td>under him/her/it </td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>e.g.:<i>cathaoir faoina bhfuil mo leabhar = the chair under which my book is</i> (instead of more common: cathaoir a bhfuil mo leabhar faoi) ; <i>an creann faoina raibh fás = the tree that grew </i> ("the tree, under which growth was ")
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Use:</span></h3>
<ol>
<li>
<b>spatial: <i>under</i></b>: <i>faoin gcathaoir = under the chair</i></li>
<li>
<b>contact: <i>against</i></b>:<i> faoin mballa = against the wall </i></li>
<li>
<b>motion:</b> walking , hurry, growth, etc.: <i>tá siúl fúm = I walk fast, tá fuadar fút = you're in a hurry, tá fás faoin gcrann = the tree grows </i></li>
<li>
<b>intent</b>: <span class="red">Tá fúm...</span> = I intend... e.g.: <i>tá fút teacht = you intend to come </i></li>
<li>
<b>topic, occasion: <i>about</i></b>: <i>caint faoi ... = speak about, imni faoi... = worry about, áthas faoi...= joy over..., brón faoi ... = sorrow over </i></li>
<li>
<b>approximate timepoint : <i>around </i></b> <i>faoi Nollaig = around Christmastide </i></li>
<li><b>with numbers: <i>times</i></b>: <i>faoi dhó = two times, faoi sé = six times </i>,
<br>
also in <b>arithmetic</b>: <i>a trí faoina ceathair sin a dó dhéag = three times four is twelve </i></li>
<li>
Expressions: faoi bhrón = sad</li>
</ol>
<hr width="100%">
<center><a href="#oben" title="nach oben">suas</a>
<br>
<br>
<a href="praepos.htm">prepositions</a>
<br>
<a href=".">Gramadach na Gaeilge</a>
<br>
<br>
<hr width="100%">
<br>
<font size="-2">© <a href="https://braesicke.de/index.htm">Lars Bräsicke</a> 1999/2000</font>
</center>
<a href="https://github.com/cuplamilefocal/gnag">view on github</a>
<a href="https://braesicke.de/faoi.htm">view original German</a></body>
</html>