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roimh.htm
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link href="stíl.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="Author" content="Lars Bräsicke">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="me fein">
<meta name="KeyWords" content="gaeilge">
<title>The preposition roimh</title>
</head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFCC99" link="#0000EE" vlink="#551A8B" alink="#FF0000" background="bg524f.jpg">
<table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFCC99">
<tr>
<td><h1 class="red">Caibidil a Cúig: Prepositions (Réamhfhocail)</h1>
<h2 id="Anfang"><i class="red">roimh = before </i></h2></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr width="100%">
<h3 class="lightgreen">Case</h3>
<p>roimh requires the dative.
<h3 class="lightgreen">Variations</h3>
<p>in Ulster also <b class="red">roimhe</b>, in Munster <b class="red">roim</b>, preceding the article, also <b class="red">roimis</b>.
<h3 class="lightgreen">Initial Mutations</h3>
<ul>
<li>without article: <b>lenition</b> e.g.: <i>roimh mhaidin = before morning</i></li>
<li>with the singular article: <b>eclipsis</b> (except d, t) e.g.: <i>roimh an mbus = before the bus </i>
<ul type="square">
<li>only in Munster, also d,t are eclipsed </li>
<li>in Connacht t-prefix precedes feminine nouns with s-: <i>roimh an tsúil = before the eye </i></li>
<li>in Ulster always <b>lenition</b>: <i>roimh an bhus = before the bus </i></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="lightgreen">Interrogative</h3>
<ul>
<li><b class="red">cé roimhe</b> = before what? </li>
</ul>
<h3 class="lightgreen">Combinations with personal pronouns</h3>
<table border width="40%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr><td>-</td>
<td><b>general</b></td>
<td><b>contrast form </b></td>
<td><b>translation</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>I</td>
<td class="red bold">romham</td>
<td class="red bold">romhamsa</td>
<td>before me </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>you</td>
<td class="red bold">romhat</td>
<td class="red bold">romhatsa</td>
<td>before you </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>he</td>
<td class="red bold">roimhe</td>
<td class="red bold">roimhesean</td>
<td>before him </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>she</td>
<td class="red bold">roimpi</td>
<td class="red bold">roimpise</td>
<td>before her </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>we</td>
<td class="red bold">romhainn</td>
<td class="red bold">romhainne</td>
<td>before us </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>you(pl.)</td>
<td class="red bold">romhaibh</td>
<td class="red bold">romhaibhse</td>
<td>before you </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>they</td>
<td class="red bold">rompu</td>
<td class="red bold">rompusan</td>
<td>before them </td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>instead of roimhe also <b class="red">roimis</b> (Munster)
</p>
<h3 class="lightgreen">Use:</h3>
<ol>
<li><b>temporal <i>before</i></b>: (früher als) , <i>roimh mhaidin = before morning, tá mé roimhe ann = I am here before him </i></li>
<li><b>spatial <i>before</i></b>: (rare, more common: os comhair)</li>
<li>with verbs: <i>tar, téigh roimh = to catch, stop , prevent, interrupt </i></li>
<li>idiomatic expressions : <i>tá faitíos agam roimh... = I am afraid <b>of</b>..., tá fáilte agam romhat = I welcome you </i></li>
</ol>
<hr width="100%">
<center><a href="#Anfang" title="nach oben">suas</a>
<br>
<br>
<a href="praepos.htm">prepositions</a>
<br>
<a href=".">Gramadach na Gaeilge</a>
<br>
<hr width="100%">
<br><font size="-2">© <a href="https://braesicke.de/index.htm">Lars Bräsicke</a> 1999</font></center>
<a href="https://github.com/cuplamilefocal/gnag">view on github</a>
<a href="https://braesicke.de/roimh.htm">view original German</a></body>
</html>