diff --git a/submissions/469/Master_thesis_ILDF.bib b/submissions/469/Master_thesis_ILDF.bib new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14ee969 --- /dev/null +++ b/submissions/469/Master_thesis_ILDF.bib @@ -0,0 +1,4047 @@ + +@article{frey_neo-malthusianism_2011, + title = {Neo-{Malthusianism} and development: shifting interpretations of a contested paradigm}, + volume = {6}, + issn = {1740-0236}, + number = {1}, + journal = {Journal of Global History}, + author = {Frey, Marc}, + year = {2011}, + note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press}, + pages = {75--97}, +} + +@article{evenson_assessing_2003, + title = {Assessing the impact of the {Green} {Revolution}, 1960 to 2000}, + volume = {300}, + issn = {0036-8075}, + number = {5620}, + journal = {science}, + author = {Evenson, Robert E and Gollin, Douglas}, + year = {2003}, + note = {Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science}, + pages = {758--762}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1969, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1968}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1969}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1968, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1967}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1968}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1967, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1966}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1967}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1966, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1965}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1966}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1965, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1964}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1965}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1964, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1963}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1964}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1963, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1962}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1963}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1962, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1961}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1962}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1961, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1960}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1961}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1960, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1959}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1960}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1959, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1958}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1959}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1958, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1957}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1958}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1957, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1956}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1957}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1956, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1955}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1956}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1955, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1954}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1955}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1954, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1953}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1954}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1953, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1952}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1953}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1952, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1951}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1952}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1951, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1950}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1951}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1950, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1949}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1950}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1949, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1948}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1949}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1948, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1947}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1948}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1947, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1946}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1947}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1946, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1945}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1946}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1945, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1944}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1945}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1944, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1943}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1944}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1943, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1942}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1943}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1942, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1941}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1942}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1941, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1940}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1941}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1940, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1939}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1940}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1939, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1938}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1939}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1938, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1937}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1938}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1937, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1936}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1937}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1936, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1935}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1936}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1935, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1934}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1935}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1934, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1933}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1934}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1933, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1932}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1933}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1932, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1931}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1932}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1931, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1930}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1931}, +} + +@article{amable_morals_2011, + title = {Morals and politics in the ideology of neo-liberalism}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + journal = {Socio-economic review}, + author = {Amable, Bruno}, + year = {2011}, + note = {ISBN: 1475-147X +Publisher: Oxford University Press}, + pages = {3--30}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1930, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1929}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1930}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1929, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1928}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1929}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1928, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1927}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1928}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1927, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1926}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1927}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1926, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1925}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1926}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1925, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1924}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1925}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1924, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1923}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1924}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1923, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1922}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1923}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1922, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1921}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1922}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1970, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1969}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1970}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1971, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1970}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1971}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1972, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1971}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1972}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1973, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1972}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1973}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1974, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1973}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1974}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1975, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1974}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1975}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1976, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1975}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1976}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1977, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1976}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1977}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1978, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1977}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1978}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1979, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1978}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1979}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1980, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1979}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1980}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1981, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1980}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1981}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1982, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1981}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1982}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1983, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1982}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1983}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1984, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1983}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1984}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1985, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1984}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1985}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1986, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1985}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1986}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1987, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1986}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1987}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1988, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1987}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1988}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1989, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1988}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1989}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1990, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1989}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1990}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1991, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1990}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1991}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1992, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1991}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1992}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1993, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1992}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1993}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1994, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1993}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1994}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1995, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1994}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1995}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1996, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1995}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1996}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1997, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1996}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1997}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1998, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1997}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1998}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1999, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1998}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1999}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2000, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1999}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2000}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2002, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2001}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2002}, +} + +@article{arthurs_social_2003, + title = {Social {Imaginaries} and {Global} {Realities}}, + volume = {15}, + issn = {0899-2363, 1527-8018}, + shorttitle = {snapshot}, + url = {https://read.dukeupress.edu/public-culture/article/15/3/579-586/31755}, + doi = {10.1215/08992363-15-3-579}, + language = {en}, + number = {3}, + urldate = {2021-11-12}, + journal = {Public Culture}, + author = {Arthurs, A.}, + month = oct, + year = {2003}, + pages = {579--586}, + file = {Arthurs - 2003 - snapshot Social Imaginaries and Global Realities.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/CQR8I6SD/Arthurs - 2003 - snapshot Social Imaginaries and Global Realities.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{buckles_education_2018, + address = {Cham}, + title = {Education, {Sustainability} and the {Ecological} {Social} {Imaginary}}, + isbn = {978-3-319-74441-4 978-3-319-74442-1}, + url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-74442-1}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, + publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, + author = {Buckles, Jeff}, + year = {2018}, + doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-74442-1}, + file = {Buckles - 2018 - Education, Sustainability and the Ecological Socia.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/YN8M3ZBR/Buckles - 2018 - Education, Sustainability and the Ecological Socia.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{shepherd_imperial_2005, + title = {Imperial science: {The} {Rockefeller} {Foundation} and {Agricultural} {Science} in {Peru}, 1940–1960}, + volume = {14}, + issn = {0950-5431, 1470-1189}, + shorttitle = {Imperial science}, + url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09505430500110879}, + doi = {10.1080/09505430500110879}, + language = {en}, + number = {2}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, + journal = {Science as Culture}, + author = {Shepherd, Chris J.}, + month = jun, + year = {2005}, + pages = {113--137}, + file = {Shepherd - 2005 - Imperial science The Rockefeller Foundation and A.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/PM4E3L5K/Shepherd - 2005 - Imperial science The Rockefeller Foundation and A.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_culture_nodate, + title = {Culture - {The} {Rockefeller} {Foundation}: {A} {Digital} {History}}, + url = {https://rockfound.rockarch.org/culture}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, + file = {Culture - The Rockefeller Foundation\: A Digital History:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/8UTGH8HJ/culture.html:text/html}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_health_nodate, + title = {Health - {The} {Rockefeller} {Foundation}: {A} {Digital} {History}}, + url = {https://rockfound.rockarch.org/health}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_natural_nodate, + title = {Natural {Sciences} - {The} {Rockefeller} {Foundation}: {A} {Digital} {History}}, + url = {https://rockfound.rockarch.org/natural-sciences}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_social_nodate, + title = {Social {Sciences} - {The} {Rockefeller} {Foundation}: {A} {Digital} {History}}, + url = {https://rockfound.rockarch.org/social_sciences}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, + file = {Social Sciences - The Rockefeller Foundation\: A Digital History:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/DGEPWLI9/social_sciences.html:text/html}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_peace_nodate, + title = {Peace \& {Conflict} - {The} {Rockefeller} {Foundation}: {A} {Digital} {History}}, + url = {https://rockfound.rockarch.org/peace-and-conflict}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, + file = {Peace & Conflict - The Rockefeller Foundation\: A Digital History:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/Y6APUUKF/peace-and-conflict.html:text/html}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_education_nodate, + title = {Education - {The} {Rockefeller} {Foundation}: {A} {Digital} {History}}, + url = {https://rockfound.rockarch.org/education}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_agriculture_nodate, + title = {Agriculture - {The} {Rockefeller} {Foundation}: {A} {Digital} {History}}, + url = {https://rockfound.rockarch.org/agriculture#_ftn1}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, + file = {Agriculture - The Rockefeller Foundation\: A Digital History:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/IBPLDDYY/agriculture.html:text/html}, +} + +@article{youde_role_2019, + title = {The role of philanthropy in international relations}, + volume = {45}, + issn = {0260-2105, 1469-9044}, + url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0260210518000220/type/journal_article}, + doi = {10.1017/S0260210518000220}, + abstract = {Global philanthropy is a significant source of financial resources in contemporary international relations, and it has provoked intense debates about the appropriateness of involving private foundations in global policymaking. Despite these facts, International Relations as a discipline has shown remarkably little reference to philanthropy as an important and relevant actor in global politics. In this article, I make the case for explicitly incorporating philanthropy into international relations analyses. Drawing on both historical examples and contemporary cases from the global health space, I show how philanthropy exerts a unique and independent influence within international society and that it needs to be understood holistically rather than focusing solely on individual philanthropic organisations. I also discuss how this expanding influence raises serious questions about accountability and legitimacy. Rather than making an argument about the appropriateness of philanthropy’s involvement in international society, this article aims to make the case for philanthropy’s analytical inclusion within the discipline.}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, + journal = {Review of International Studies}, + author = {Youde, Jeremy}, + month = jan, + year = {2019}, + pages = {39--56}, + file = {Youde - 2019 - The role of philanthropy in international relation.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/HHBFBA49/Youde - 2019 - The role of philanthropy in international relation.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{jung_routledge_2016, + address = {New York}, + series = {Routledge companions in business, management and accounting}, + title = {The {Routledge} companion to philanthropy}, + isbn = {1-317-57971-2}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + author = {Jung, Tobias and Phillips, Susan D and Harrow, Jenny}, + year = {2016}, + file = {Jung et al. - The Routledge Companion to Philanthropy.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/X3IB567X/Jung et al. - The Routledge Companion to Philanthropy.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@incollection{cunningham_multi-layered_2016, + title = {The multi-layered history of {Western} philanthropy}, + isbn = {1-315-74032-X}, + booktitle = {The {Routledge} companion to philanthropy}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + author = {Cunningham, Hugh}, + year = {2016}, + pages = {62--75}, +} + +@incollection{taylor_philanthropy_2010, + address = {New York, NY}, + title = {Philanthropy}, + isbn = {978-1-4419-5706-1 978-1-4419-5707-8}, + url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4419-5707-8_10}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, + booktitle = {Third {Sector} {Research}}, + publisher = {Springer New York}, + author = {Harrow, Jenny}, + editor = {Taylor, Rupert}, + year = {2010}, + doi = {10.1007/978-1-4419-5707-8_10}, + pages = {121--137}, + file = {Harrow - 2010 - Philanthropy.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/SWVD28WX/Harrow - 2010 - Philanthropy.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{bies_state_2019, + title = {The {State} and the {State} of the {Art} on {Philanthropy} in {China}}, + volume = {30}, + issn = {0957-8765, 1573-7888}, + url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11266-019-00142-3}, + doi = {10.1007/s11266-019-00142-3}, + abstract = {There exists a current paradox of philanthropy and the state in China: a stronger social sector accompanied with growth in philanthropy is desired, but such strength and growth must also contend with the state’s own policy agenda and desire to limit aspects of advocacy and civil society typically associated with the third sector. This special volume seeks to explore these state-society dynamics, in terms of the environment for philanthropy and the behaviors of philanthropic actors within this environment. The purpose of our article is multifold. The first is to provide the intellectual and empirical contexts in which our collective research is situated. We do so by providing analyzing the state of the existing research and the broad contours of philanthropic activity in China. The second is to situate our initiative within the development of China’s own complex philanthropic studies and philanthropic community. The third is to introduce the scholarship that composes this special volume and its collective contribution. We then provide original data and analysis about corporate philanthropic activity and foundations in China that complements the work of our collaborators. Finally, we consider the implications of the special volume for our broader understanding of philanthropy and suggest potential avenues of a future research agenda.}, + language = {en}, + number = {4}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, + journal = {VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations}, + author = {Bies, Angela and Kennedy, Scott}, + month = aug, + year = {2019}, + pages = {619--633}, + file = {Bies and Kennedy - 2019 - The State and the State of the Art on Philanthropy.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/H8FQEILT/Bies and Kennedy - 2019 - The State and the State of the Art on Philanthropy.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{fisher_role_1983, + title = {The {Role} of {Philanthropic} {Foundations} in the {Reproduction} and {Production} of {Hegemony}: {Rockefeller} {Foundations} and the {Social} {Sciences}}, + volume = {17}, + issn = {0038-0385, 1469-8684}, + shorttitle = {The {Role} of {Philanthropic} {Foundations} in the {Reproduction} and {Production} of {Hegemony}}, + url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038038583017002004}, + doi = {10.1177/0038038583017002004}, + abstract = {The substantive focus is upon the relation between Rockefeller philanthropy and the development of the social sciences during the period, 1910 to 1940. Two major propositions are examined. First, that philanthropic foundations attempt to maintain the social order rather than alter it. Specifically, that during the period under study philanthropic foundations were key institutions in both the reproduction and production of cultural hegemony. Second, that a “criticalconflict” perspective has most value when one is attempting to understand the nature and sources of change in the systematic production of both knowledge and intellectuals. Attention is focussed upon the process by which Rockefeller policy for the social sciences emerged. The policy is described and analysed. The ideological viewpoint of Rockefeller philanthropy as identified in the policy-making process is located in the wider political economy. Confirmation is provided for the two propositions. Hegemony, ideology and social class are essential concepts when one is attempting to understand and explain the role of philanthropy in capitalist societies.}, + language = {en}, + number = {2}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, + journal = {Sociology}, + author = {Fisher, Donald}, + month = may, + year = {1983}, + pages = {206--233}, + file = {Fisher - 1983 - The Role of Philanthropic Foundations in the Repro.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/DCJYP5CB/Fisher - 1983 - The Role of Philanthropic Foundations in the Repro.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{barman_social_2017, + title = {The {Social} {Bases} of {Philanthropy}}, + volume = {43}, + issn = {0360-0572, 1545-2115}, + url = {https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053524}, + doi = {10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053524}, + abstract = {Philanthropy—private giving for public purposes by individuals, corporations, and foundations—is a widespread activity. Scholarship on philanthropy is long-standing and can be traced to competing theorizations of gift-giving, wherein the gift has been framed as a case of altruism, selfinterest, or reciprocity. Much of the resulting scholarship, in the disciplines of anthropology, economics, evolutionary biology, and psychology, has retained a focus on emphasizing actors’ motivations for the scope and scale of philanthropy. Although sociologists have entered into the study of philanthropy more recently, they nonetheless have made important contributions to its understanding by drawing attention to the social bases of philanthropy. Sociologists have done so through the study of the micro-, meso-, and macrolevel factors that explain variation in philanthropy; the specification of the institutional and legal arrangements that permit philanthropy; and the delineation of the social contexts that shape the direction and consequences of philanthropy.}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, + journal = {Annual Review of Sociology}, + author = {Barman, Emily}, + month = jul, + year = {2017}, + pages = {271--290}, + file = {Barman - 2017 - The Social Bases of Philanthropy.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/I28YAAHZ/Barman - 2017 - The Social Bases of Philanthropy.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{staatz_agricultural_1998, + title = {Agricultural development ideas in historical perspective}, + volume = {3}, + journal = {International agricultural development}, + author = {Staatz, John M and Eicher, Carl K}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore}, +} + +@article{lewis_economic_1954, + title = {Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour}, + author = {Lewis, William Arthur}, + year = {1954}, + note = {Publisher: Bobbs-Merrill Company, College Division}, +} + +@book{greenwood_local_2014, + title = {Local {Economic} {Development} in the 21st {Century}: {Quality} of {Life} and {Sustainability}}, + isbn = {1-317-46592-X}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + author = {Greenwood, Daphne T and Holt, Richard PF}, + year = {2014}, +} + +@misc{nally_green_2016, + title = {The {Green} {Revolution} as {Philanthropy}}, + url = {https://histphil.org/2016/04/18/the-green-revolution-as-philanthropy/}, + abstract = {Editors’ Note: For readers who worried that HistPhil’s forum on the Green Revolution had ended, take heart! It’s still very much open, though we will be rolling out new posts at a…}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2021-11-10}, + journal = {HistPhil}, + author = {Nally, David}, + month = apr, + year = {2016}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/UHPXSPGV/the-green-revolution-as-philanthropy.html:text/html}, +} + +@article{cullather_miracles_2004, + title = {Miracles of {Modernization}: {The} {Green} {Revolution} and the {Apotheosis} of {Technology}}, + volume = {28}, + issn = {0145-2096, 1467-7709}, + shorttitle = {Miracles of {Modernization}}, + url = {https://academic.oup.com/dh/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1467-7709.2004.00407.x}, + doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7709.2004.00407.x}, + language = {en}, + number = {2}, + urldate = {2021-11-10}, + journal = {Diplomatic History}, + author = {Cullather, Nick}, + month = apr, + year = {2004}, + pages = {227--254}, + file = {Cullather - 2004 - Miracles of Modernization. The Green Revolution .pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/2GZKZ4ZV/Cullather - 2004 - Miracles of Modernization. The Green Revolution .pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{pifer_philanthropy_1984, + title = {Philanthropy in an {Age} of {Transition}: the essays of {Alan} {Pifer}}, + isbn = {0-87954-104-0}, + publisher = {Foundation Center}, + author = {Pifer, Alan J}, + year = {1984}, +} + +@article{franco-agudelo_rockefeller_1983, + title = {The {Rockefeller} {Foundation}'s {Antimalarial} {Program} in {Latin} {America}: {Donating} or {Dominating}?}, + volume = {13}, + issn = {0020-7314, 1541-4469}, + shorttitle = {The {Rockefeller} {Foundation}'s {Antimalarial} {Program} in {Latin} {America}}, + url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2190/444K-0R44-4909-FYJV}, + doi = {10.2190/444K-0R44-4909-FYJV}, + abstract = {This paper analyzes the origins, methods, and hidden objectives of the antimalarial campaigns carried out by the Rockefeller Foundation in Latin America. These campaigns are examined in the context of the imperialist domination of Latin America over the course of this century. The close relationship between prevailing economic, political, and military priorities and the thrust of the Foundation's work in the field of malaria is detailed. In spite of its relatively small financial investment in malaria research and eradication, the Rockefeller Foundation was able to reap enormous benefits from its work in this area. Not only was the Foundation able to increase the profit margins of the Rockefeller empire by ameliorating some of the dire economic consequences of malaria, but also it was able to use its participation to penetrate the public health field and consolidate the hegemony of scientific medicine. It is concluded that the Rockefeller Foundation's attention to the malaria problem reflected more than mere philanthropic concern.}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2021-11-09}, + journal = {International Journal of Health Services}, + author = {Franco-Agudelo, Saul}, + month = jan, + year = {1983}, + pages = {51--67}, + file = {Franco-Agudelo - 1983 - The Rockefeller Foundation's Antimalarial Program .pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/RJXBGHU5/Franco-Agudelo - 1983 - The Rockefeller Foundation's Antimalarial Program .pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_voluntas_nodate, + title = {{VOLUNTAS}: {International} {Journal} of {Voluntary} and {Nonprofit} {Organizations}}, + shorttitle = {{VOLUNTAS}}, + url = {https://www.springer.com/journal/11266}, + abstract = {Voluntas, the official journal of the International Society for Third-Sector Research (ISTR), is an interdisciplinary journal that provides a central forum ...}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2021-11-07}, + journal = {Springer}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/UAF9PBMS/11266.html:text/html}, +} + +@article{jung_philanthropy_2015, + title = {Philanthropy, the {State} and {Public} {Goods}}, + language = {en}, + author = {Jung, Tobias and Harrow, Jenny}, + year = {2015}, + pages = {29}, + file = {Jung and Harrow - 2015 - Philanthropy, the State and Public Goods.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/7B9AFALY/Jung and Harrow - 2015 - Philanthropy, the State and Public Goods.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{prochaska_schools_2002, + address = {London}, + title = {Schools of citizenship: charity and civic virtue}, + isbn = {978-1-903386-19-4}, + shorttitle = {Schools of citizenship}, + language = {en}, + publisher = {Institute for the Study of Civil Society}, + author = {Prochaska, F. K and {Institute for the Study of Civil Society}}, + year = {2002}, + note = {OCLC: 49766124}, + file = {Prochaska and Institute for the Study of Civil Society - 2002 - Schools of citizenship charity and civic virtue.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/8HZVRQ95/Prochaska and Institute for the Study of Civil Society - 2002 - Schools of citizenship charity and civic virtue.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{anheier_private_1999, + address = {Boston, MA}, + series = {Nonprofit and {Civil} {Society} {Studies}}, + title = {Private {Funds}, {Public} {Purpose}: {Philanthropic} {Foundations} in {International} {Perspective}}, + isbn = {978-0-306-45947-4 978-1-4615-4893-5}, + shorttitle = {Private {Funds}, {Public} {Purpose}}, + url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4615-4893-5}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2021-11-06}, + publisher = {Springer US}, + editor = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan and Anheier, Helmut K.}, + year = {1999}, + doi = {10.1007/978-1-4615-4893-5}, + file = {Anheier and Toepler - 1999 - Private Funds, Public Purpose Philanthropic Found.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/YGG6J5RZ/Anheier and Toepler - 1999 - Private Funds, Public Purpose Philanthropic Found.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_private_nodate, + title = {Private {Foundation} {Excise} {Taxes} {\textbar} {Internal} {Revenue} {Service}}, + url = {https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/private-foundations/private-foundation-excise-taxes}, + abstract = {Overview of private foundation excise taxes under Chapter 42 of the Internal Revenue Code.}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2021-11-06}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/UEXKLZ6U/private-foundation-excise-taxes.html:text/html}, +} + +@incollection{payton_understanding_2008, + address = {Bloomington}, + series = {Philanthropic and {Nonprofit} {Studies}}, + title = {Understanding {Philanthropy} {Its} {Meaning} and {Mission}}, + isbn = {978-0-253-00013-2}, + booktitle = {Understanding {Philanthropy}: {Its} {Meaning} and {Mission}}, + publisher = {Indiana University Press}, + author = {Payton, Robert L. and Moody, Michael P.}, + year = {2008}, + pages = {224}, + file = {Understanding_Philanthropy_Its_Meaning_and_Mission_----_(2_Voluntary_Action_for_the_Public_Good).pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/RUMWBBED/Understanding_Philanthropy_Its_Meaning_and_Mission_----_(2_Voluntary_Action_for_the_Public_Good).pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_where_nodate, + title = {Where can {I} find a glossary of foundation, nonprofit, and fundraising terminology? {\textbar} {Knowledge} base}, + shorttitle = {Where can {I} find a glossary of foundation, nonprofit, and fundraising terminology?}, + url = {https://learning.candid.org/resources/knowledge-base/glossaries}, + abstract = {Few, if any, glossaries list all nonprofit terms. Foundation Directory Online has its own taxonomy of words and phrases. You can use the Philanthropy Classification System to find the...}, + language = {en-US}, + urldate = {2021-11-06}, + journal = {Candid Learning}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/68GQIE7N/glossaries.html:text/html}, +} + +@article{toepler_toward_2018, + title = {Toward a {Comparative} {Understanding} of {Foundations}}, + volume = {62}, + issn = {0002-7642, 1552-3381}, + url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764218773504}, + doi = {10.1177/0002764218773504}, + abstract = {Reviewing information on philanthropic foundations in the United States, Germany, and 10 other countries, this article presents an overview assessment of the major similarities and difficulties involved in cross-national comparisons of this particular organizational form. Over the past two or three decades, foundations have experienced significant growth in many parts of the world, spurred by enabling policies devised by policymakers eager to generate private resources for public purposes. This article comparatively discusses relationships between foundations and other sectors, including the state; the purposes, approaches, and roles foundations pursue; and what makes these institutions distinctive. It concludes with some policy considerations.}, + language = {en}, + number = {13}, + urldate = {2021-11-06}, + journal = {American Behavioral Scientist}, + author = {Toepler, Stefan}, + month = nov, + year = {2018}, + pages = {1956--1971}, + file = {Toepler - 2018 - Toward a Comparative Understanding of Foundations.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/SCGB4ZGP/Toepler - 2018 - Toward a Comparative Understanding of Foundations.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{fourcade_moral_2007, + title = {Moral {Views} of {Market} {Society}}, + volume = {33}, + issn = {0360-0572, 1545-2115}, + url = {https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131642}, + doi = {10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131642}, + abstract = {Upon what kind of moral order does capitalism rest? Conversely, does the market give rise to a distinctive set of beliefs, habits, and social bonds? These questions are certainly as old as social science itself. In this review, we evaluate how today’s scholarship approaches the relationship between markets and the moral order. We begin with Hirschman’s characterization of the three rival views of the market as civilizing, destructive, or feeble in its effects on society. We review recent work at the intersection of sociology, economics, and political economy and show that these views persist both as theories of market society and moral arguments about it. We then argue that a fourth view, which we call moralized markets, has become increasingly prominent in economic sociology. This line of research sees markets as cultural phenomena and moral projects in their own right, and seeks to study the mechanisms and techniques by which such projects are realized in practice.}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2021-11-05}, + journal = {Annual Review of Sociology}, + author = {Fourcade, Marion and Healy, Kieran}, + month = aug, + year = {2007}, + pages = {285--311}, + file = {Fourcade and Healy - 2007 - Moral Views of Market Society.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/RJY7DCYF/Fourcade and Healy - 2007 - Moral Views of Market Society.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@incollection{luker_reviewing_2008, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + title = {Reviewing the {Literature}}, + language = {978-0-674-03157-9}, + booktitle = {Salsa dancing into the {Social} {Sciences}}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + author = {Luker, Kristin}, + year = {2008}, +} + +@article{bekkers_literature_2011, + title = {A {Literature} {Review} of {Empirical} {Studies} of {Philanthropy}: {Eight} {Mechanisms} {That} {Drive} {Charitable} {Giving}}, + volume = {40}, + issn = {0899-7640}, + shorttitle = {A {Literature} {Review} of {Empirical} {Studies} of {Philanthropy}}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764010380927}, + doi = {10.1177/0899764010380927}, + abstract = {The authors present an overview of the academic literature on charitable giving based on a literature review of more than 500 articles. They structure their review around the central question of why people donate money to charitable organizations. They identify eight mechanisms as the most important forces that drive charitable giving: (a) awareness of need; (b) solicitation; (c) costs and benefits; (d) altruism; (e) reputation; (f) psychological benefits; (g) values; (h) efficacy. These mechanisms can provide a basic theoretical framework for future research explaining charitable giving.}, + language = {en}, + number = {5}, + urldate = {2021-11-04}, + journal = {Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly}, + author = {Bekkers, René and Wiepking, Pamala}, + month = oct, + year = {2011}, + note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc}, + keywords = {altruism, charitable giving, literature review, mechanisms, Philanthropy, research}, + pages = {924--973}, + file = {O'Toole et al. - 2008 - The Rockefeller Foundation's International Program.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/446RQV6T/O'Toole et al. - 2008 - The Rockefeller Foundation's International Program.pdf:application/pdf;SAGE PDF Full Text:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/DV55PT3U/Bekkers and Wiepking - 2011 - A Literature Review of Empirical Studies of Philan.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{maclean_elite_2021, + title = {Elite philanthropy in the {United} {States} and {United} {Kingdom} in the new age of inequalities}, + volume = {23}, + issn = {1460-8545, 1468-2370}, + url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijmr.12247}, + doi = {10.1111/ijmr.12247}, + abstract = {Elite philanthropy—voluntary giving at scale by wealthy individuals, couples and families—is intimately bound up with the exercise of power by elites. This theoretically oriented review examines how big philanthropy in the United States and United Kingdom serves to extend elite control from the domain of the economic to the domains of the social and political, and with what results. Elite philanthropy, we argue, is not simply a benign force for good, born of altruism, but is heavily implicated in what we call the new age of inequalities, certainly as consequence and potentially as cause. Philanthropy at scale pays dividends to donors as much as it brings sustenance to beneficiaries. The research contribution we make is fourfold. First, we demonstrate that the true nature and effects of elite philanthropy can only be understood in the context of what Bourdieu calls the field of power, which maintains the economic, social and political hegemony of the super-rich, nationally and globally. Second, we demonstrate how elite philanthropy systemically concentrates power in the hands of mega foundations and the most prestigious endowed charitable organizations. Third, we explicate the similarities and differences between the four main types of elite philanthropy—institutionally supportive, market-oriented, developmental and transformational—revealing how and why different sections within the elite express themselves through philanthropy. Fourth, we show how elite philanthropy functions to lock in and perpetuate inequalities rather than remedying them. We conclude by outlining proposals for future research, recognizing that under-specification of constructs has hitherto limited the integration of philanthropy within the mainstream of management and organizational research.}, + language = {en}, + number = {3}, + urldate = {2021-10-27}, + journal = {International Journal of Management Reviews}, + author = {Maclean, Mairi and Harvey, Charles and Yang, Ruomei and Mueller, Frank}, + month = jul, + year = {2021}, + pages = {330--352}, + file = {Maclean et al. - 2021 - Elite philanthropy in the United States and United.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/9IP54Z58/Maclean et al. - 2021 - Elite philanthropy in the United States and United.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{bell_ford_1971, + title = {The {Ford} {Foundation} as a {Transnational} {Actor}}, + volume = {25}, + issn = {0020-8183, 1531-5088}, + url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0020818300026266/type/journal_article}, + doi = {10.1017/S0020818300026266}, + abstract = {”Foundations,” private, nonprofit institutions that make grants for public purposes, depend for their existence on the private accumulation of great wealth and on fiscal and moral incentives for its philanthropic use. Several European foundations, including the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, the Volkswagen Foundation, the Krupp Foundation, and the Nuffield Foundation, are now comparable in organization and size to the American leaders. But modern foundations, independently directed and professionally staffed, are principally an invention of twentieth-century industrial society in the United States.1 Of 32 foundations with assets exceeding \$100 million, 29 are American.}, + language = {en}, + number = {3}, + urldate = {2021-10-20}, + journal = {International Organization}, + author = {Bell, Peter D.}, + year = {1971}, + pages = {465--478}, + file = {Bell - 1971 - The Ford Foundation as a Transnational Actor.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/L6GPI4Y4/Bell - 1971 - The Ford Foundation as a Transnational Actor.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{kumbamu_philanthropic-corporate-state_2020, + title = {The philanthropic-corporate-state complex: imperial strategies of dispossession from the ‘{Green} {Revolution}’ to the ‘{Gene} {Revolution}’}, + volume = {17}, + issn = {1474-7731, 1474-774X}, + shorttitle = {The philanthropic-corporate-state complex}, + url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14747731.2020.1727132}, + doi = {10.1080/14747731.2020.1727132}, + abstract = {From the ‘Green Revolution’ to the ‘Gene Revolution’, the ultimate aim of promoting new technologies on a colossal scale is to make agricultural inputs and outputs essential commodities, create the market-dependent agri-food system, and bring all farming operations into the capitalist fold. There is a plethora of literature on the capitalist strategies of the diffusion of new agricultural technologies, but little emphasis is placed on the motives and modus operandi of philanthropic organizations and their relationship with the state and corporate forces in promoting new seeds and agro-chemicals. This article critically examines the continuity of hegemonic and dispossessive strategies of philanthropic organizations (such as the Rockefeller Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation) in establishing the philanthropic-corporate-state complex to control and exploit primary agricultural producers and their genetic wealth across the globe.}, + language = {en}, + number = {8}, + urldate = {2021-10-20}, + journal = {Globalizations}, + author = {Kumbamu, Ashok}, + month = nov, + year = {2020}, + pages = {1367--1385}, + file = {Kumbamu - 2020 - The philanthropic-corporate-state complex imperia.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/46AHWGSW/Kumbamu - 2020 - The philanthropic-corporate-state complex imperia.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{martens_philanthropic_2015, + address = {Aachen}, + title = {Philanthropic power and development: who shapes the agenda?}, + isbn = {978-3-943126-21-1}, + shorttitle = {Philanthropic power and development}, + language = {en}, + publisher = {Bischöfliches Hilfswerk MISEREOR}, + author = {Martens, Jens and Seitz, Karolin}, + year = {2015}, + file = {Martens and Seitz - 2015 - Philanthropic power and development who shapes th.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/A4RI92BS/Martens and Seitz - 2015 - Philanthropic power and development who shapes th.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{davies_historical_2003, + title = {An {Historical} {Perspective} from the {Green} {Revolution} to the {Gene} {Revolution}}, + volume = {61}, + issn = {1753-4887, 0029-6643}, + url = {https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/61/suppl_6/S124/1902693}, + doi = {10.1301/nr.2003.jun.S124-S134}, + abstract = {Since the 1960s conventional crop breeding has increased food production commesurate with the growing population. For agricultural development to continue, the exploitation of greater genetic diversity and modern biotechnology are becoming increasingly important. This article reviews the milestones achieved by the Green Revolution and many of the recent breakthroughs of modern biotechnology.}, + language = {en}, + number = {suppl\_6}, + urldate = {2021-10-20}, + journal = {Nutrition Reviews}, + author = {Davies, W Paul}, + month = jun, + year = {2003}, + pages = {S124--S134}, + file = {Davies - 2003 - An Historical Perspective from the Green Revolutio.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/KYNGMESJ/Davies - 2003 - An Historical Perspective from the Green Revolutio.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{baxi_market_2005, + title = {Market {Fundamentalisms}: {Business} {Ethics} at the {Altar} of {Human} {Rights}}, + volume = {5}, + issn = {1461-7781, 1744-1021}, + shorttitle = {Market {Fundamentalisms}}, + url = {https://academic.oup.com/hrlr/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/hrlrev/ngi001}, + doi = {10.1093/hrlrev/ngi001}, + abstract = {In this article the author explores what he terms ‘an emergent traderelated, market-friendly paradigm of human rights’, in contrast to the paradigm of human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). It focuses on a reassertion of the UDHR paradigm in relation to corporate governance and business conduct, looking specifically at the Proposed Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with regard to Human Rights (‘Norms’). The article examines, in this respect, five central themes: the intertextuality of the Norms; the ‘network’ conception of trade and business conduct; ways of categorising human rights obligations; duties regarding implementation of the Norms; and, finally, related ethical theory concerns.}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2021-10-20}, + journal = {Human Rights Law Review}, + author = {Baxi, U.}, + month = jan, + year = {2005}, + pages = {1--26}, + file = {Baxi - 2005 - Market Fundamentalisms Business Ethics at the Alt.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/JL4YGVEE/Baxi - 2005 - Market Fundamentalisms Business Ethics at the Alt.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{hodge_challenge_2005, + address = {Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, Mass}, + title = {The challenge of public-private partnerships: learning from international experience}, + isbn = {978-1-84376-509-7}, + shorttitle = {The challenge of public-private partnerships}, + language = {en}, + publisher = {Edward Elgar Pub}, + editor = {Hodge, Graeme A. and Greve, Carsten}, + year = {2005}, + keywords = {Government-sponsored enterprises, Public contracts, Public works, Public-private sector cooperation}, + file = {Hodge and Greve - 2005 - The challenge of public-private partnerships lear.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/MG9GZRP6/Hodge and Greve - 2005 - The challenge of public-private partnerships lear.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{fernaandez_jilberto_liberalization_1996, + address = {London; New York}, + title = {Liberalization in the developing world institutional and economic changes in {Latin} {America}, {Africa}, and {Asia}}, + isbn = {978-0-203-03006-6}, + url = {http://www.crcnetbase.com/isbn/9780203030066}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2021-10-20}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + author = {Fernâandez Jilberto, Alex E and Mommen, Andrâe and {CRC Press}}, + year = {1996}, + note = {OCLC: 748825993}, + file = {Fernâandez Jilberto et al. - 1996 - Liberalization in the developing world institution.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/IX8CW9NU/Fernâandez Jilberto et al. - 1996 - Liberalization in the developing world institution.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{giloth_philanthropy_2019, + title = {Philanthropy and {Economic} {Development}: {New} {Roles} and {Strategies}}, + volume = {33}, + issn = {0891-2424, 1552-3543}, + shorttitle = {Philanthropy and {Economic} {Development}}, + url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0891242419839464}, + doi = {10.1177/0891242419839464}, + abstract = {Philanthropic investments in economic development—including grants, technical assistance, program-related investments, policy advocacy, and civic leadership—have increased during the past decades. Philanthropic support for economic development provides flexible, timely resources for innovation, capacity building, and policy advocacy. While philanthropy is often associated with social equity approaches, philanthropic investments in economic development are quite diverse—downtown development, place-based renewal, social enterprises, and economic development networks. This study reviews existing data about philanthropy and economic development, vignettes of foundation investments, and nonprofit perspectives about new foundation roles. Overall, place-rooted foundations are most engaged in economic development, while many national foundations are formulating broader strategic frameworks related to economic inclusion. Foundations are helping achieve concrete economic development results; future research requires improvements in data and in-depth case studies of places with significant philanthropic engagement.}, + language = {en}, + number = {3}, + urldate = {2021-10-20}, + journal = {Economic Development Quarterly}, + author = {Giloth, Robert}, + month = aug, + year = {2019}, + pages = {159--169}, + file = {Giloth - 2019 - Philanthropy and Economic Development New Roles a.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/4QB2SWGE/Giloth - 2019 - Philanthropy and Economic Development New Roles a.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{von_schnurbein_foundations_2018, + title = {Foundations in {Switzerland}: {Between} the {American} and the {German} {Cases}}, + volume = {62}, + issn = {0002-7642, 1552-3381}, + shorttitle = {Foundations in {Switzerland}}, + url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764218773431}, + doi = {10.1177/0002764218773431}, + abstract = {This article considers the current state of the Swiss foundation sector in relation to both its own historical development and its counterparts in Germany and the United States. Through a descriptive analysis of the database of the Center for Philanthropy Studies (CEPS) of 11,619 foundations and a case study of 2,679 foundations in 7 cantons, we show that despite the similarities to Germany in historical growth and to the United States in asset distribution Swiss foundations are unique in density and fields of activity they pursue. In terms of roles Swiss foundations are close to the U.S. foundations in their emphasis on complementarity, but in terms of approach are close to Germany with a significant number of grant-making foundations. Overall, it is found that despite some socioeconomic transformations in Switzerland the categorization of the foundation sector close to a liberal model has not fundamentally changed.}, + language = {en}, + number = {13}, + urldate = {2021-10-20}, + journal = {American Behavioral Scientist}, + author = {von Schnurbein, Georg and Perez, Marybel}, + month = nov, + year = {2018}, + pages = {1919--1932}, + file = {von Schnurbein and Perez - 2018 - Foundations in Switzerland Between the American a.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/F2H9BK8B/von Schnurbein and Perez - 2018 - Foundations in Switzerland Between the American a.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{nally_politics_2015, + title = {The politics of self-help: {The} {Rockefeller} {Foundation}, philanthropy and the ‘long’ {Green} {Revolution}}, + volume = {49}, + issn = {09626298}, + shorttitle = {The politics of self-help}, + url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096262981500027X}, + doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2015.04.005}, + abstract = {While scholars of contemporary philanthropy have observed a concerted interest in the promotion of ‘self-help,’ little has been said about the political history of this investment and its significance in determining both domestic and international development priorities. We locate this modern conceptualisation of self-help in early twentieth-century philanthropic practice that sought to ‘gift’ to individuals and communities the precious habit of self-reliance and social autonomy. The Rockefeller Foundation promoted rural development projects that deliberately sought to ‘emancipate’ the traditionbound peasant, transforming him or her into a productive, enterprising subject. We begin by documenting their early agricultural extension work, which attempted to spark agrarian change in the US South through the inculcation of modern habits and aspirations among farmers and their families. These agrarian schemes illustrate the newfound faith that ‘rural up-lift’ could only be sustained if farming communities were trained to ‘help themselves’ by investing physically and psychologically in the process of modernisation. We then locate subsequent attempts to incentivise and accelerate international agricultural development within the broader geopolitical imperatives of the Green Revolution and the Cold War. While US technical assistance undoubtedly sought to prevent political upheaval in the Third World, we argue that Rockefeller-led modernisation projects, based on insights gleaned from behavioural economics, championed a model of human capital e and the idea of ‘revolution within’ e in order to contain the threat of ‘revolution without’. Approaching agricultural development through this problematisation of the farmer reveals the ‘long history’ of the Green Revolution e unfolding from the domestic to the international and from the late nineteenth century to the present e as well as the continuing role of philanthropy in forging a new global order.}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2021-10-17}, + journal = {Political Geography}, + author = {Nally, David and Taylor, Stephen}, + month = nov, + year = {2015}, + pages = {51--63}, + file = {Nally and Taylor - 2015 - The politics of self-help The Rockefeller Foundat.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/NBJ3XBBA/Nally and Taylor - 2015 - The politics of self-help The Rockefeller Foundat.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{salamone_international_2000, + title = {The {International} {African} {Institute}: {The} {Rockefeller} {Foundation} and the {Development} of {British} {Social} {Anthropology} in {Africa}}, + volume = {9}, + issn = {1051-0559, 1548-7466}, + shorttitle = {The {International} {African} {Institute}}, + url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1525/tran.2000.9.1.19}, + doi = {10.1525/tran.2000.9.1.19}, + abstract = {The question of the influence of foundations and other powerful interests on the development of research was of great moment in the debates of the 1960s. Although the issue resurfaces in epistemological discussions concerning the positioning of the researcher, little specific attention has been given to the manner in which the great foundations controlled and guided social science research. This is true of the role of the Rockefeller Foundation (RF) in Africanist research. This paper argues that without the influence of the RF, Africanist research would have developed more slowly. Moreover, the International African Institute would most likely have ceased operation and many of the classics of the field would not have been written. This paper presents a case study of the role of the RF in the development of the IAI and its impact on the development of British social anthropology.}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2021-10-17}, + journal = {Transforming Anthropology}, + author = {Salamone, Frank}, + month = jan, + year = {2000}, + pages = {19--29}, + file = {Salamone - 2000 - The International African Institute The Rockefell.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/8T2Q8P88/Salamone - 2000 - The International African Institute The Rockefell.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{jensen_foundations_2013, + title = {Foundations and the {Discourse} of {Philanthropy}}, + volume = {35}, + issn = {1084-1806, 1949-0461}, + url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2753/ATP1084-1806350107}, + doi = {10.2753/ATP1084-1806350107}, + abstract = {Foundations make up a small but important segment of the nonprofit sector. Previous research has explored their contributions to social change and their relationships to grassroots organizations. The present research is concerned with how the foundations that fund such organizations contribute to the discourse of philanthropy. Using a discourse analysis to examine foundation documents and study text in context, this research finds that foundations are not ideologically invested in supporting the sociopolitical order, as critics claim, but are interested in preserving and promoting philanthropy’s role in society, a finding with important ramifications for practice.}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2021-10-17}, + journal = {Administrative Theory \& Praxis}, + author = {Jensen, Courtney}, + month = mar, + year = {2013}, + pages = {106--127}, + file = {Jensen - 2013 - Foundations and the Discourse of Philanthropy.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/JEAAZWHY/Jensen - 2013 - Foundations and the Discourse of Philanthropy.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@techreport{bill__melinda_gates_foundations_98_1998, + type = {Annual {Reports}}, + title = {98 {Annual} {Reports} for the {William} {H}. {Gates} {Foundation} and the {Gates} {Library} {Foundation}}, + language = {en}, + institution = {Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation}, + author = {{Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundations}}, + month = dec, + year = {1998}, + pages = {12}, + file = {Bill & Melinda Gates Foundations - 1998 - 98 Annual Reports for the William H. Gates Foundat.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/R5IXGZ7W/Bill & Melinda Gates Foundations - 1998 - 98 Annual Reports for the William H. Gates Foundat.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@techreport{bill__melinda_gates_foundations_1999_1999, + title = {1999 {Annual} {Report}}, + institution = {Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation}, + author = {{Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundations}}, + year = {1999}, + file = {1999Gates Foundation Annual Report.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/B478SNSM/1999Gates Foundation Annual Report.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{mediavilla_philanthrocapitalism_2019, + title = {Philanthrocapitalism as a {Neoliberal} ({Development} {Agenda}) artefact: philanthropic discourse and hegemony in (financing for) international development}, + volume = {16}, + issn = {1474-7731, 1474-774X}, + shorttitle = {Philanthrocapitalism as a {Neoliberal} ({Development} {Agenda}) artefact}, + url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14747731.2018.1560187}, + doi = {10.1080/14747731.2018.1560187}, + abstract = {Based on a critical analysis of the structurally neoliberal financing for development (FfD) system established by the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, this article contributes to the literature that views the 2030 Agenda as a new phase of the Neoliberal Development Agenda (NDA), which has been consolidated as hegemonic within the international development (ID) field in recent decades. Additionally, considering philanthrocapitalism as an ideological framework that proposes its own diagnoses and prognoses, we analyse various discourses of relevant Philanthrocapitalist Institutions and International Organizations to point how they legitimate themselves. This article shows how philanthrocapitalism has been constituted not only as a key element within the current model of FfD but also as a genuine neoliberal artefact designed to encapsulate the NDA apparatus, and fostered by the discourse of international agencies to contribute to the meta-objective of consolidating the neoliberal model as hegemonic in the ID arena.}, + language = {en}, + number = {6}, + urldate = {2021-10-17}, + journal = {Globalizations}, + author = {Mediavilla, Juanjo and Garcia-Arias, Jorge}, + month = sep, + year = {2019}, + pages = {857--875}, + file = {Mediavilla and Garcia-Arias - 2019 - Philanthrocapitalism as a Neoliberal (Development .pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/Z47XQD82/Mediavilla and Garcia-Arias - 2019 - Philanthrocapitalism as a Neoliberal (Development .pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@phdthesis{holmes_modernization_2013, + title = {From {Modernization} and {Development} to {Neoliberal} {Democracy}: {A} {History} of the {Ford} {Foundation} in {Latin} {America} 1959-2000}, + url = {http://scarab.bates.edu/honorstheses/75}, + language = {en}, + school = {Bates College}, + author = {Holmes, Jacquelyn Marie}, + year = {2013}, + file = {Holmes - From Modernization and Development to Neoliberal D.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/92KHYF7V/Holmes - From Modernization and Development to Neoliberal D.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@misc{kagan_private_2020, + title = {Private {Foundation} {Definition}}, + url = {https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/privatefoundation.asp}, + abstract = {A private foundation is an organization created via a single primary donation, with programs managed by its own trustees.}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2021-10-17}, + journal = {Investopedia}, + author = {Kagan, Julia}, + month = jun, + year = {2020}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/2MLWN9RP/privatefoundation.html:text/html}, +} + +@incollection{birkland_elements_2010, + address = {Armonk, NY}, + edition = {3rd ed}, + title = {Elements of the {Policy}-{Making} {System}}, + isbn = {978-0-7656-2532-8}, + language = {en}, + booktitle = {An introduction to the policy process: theories, concepts, and models of public policy making}, + publisher = {M.E. Sharpe}, + author = {Birkland, Thomas A.}, + year = {2010}, + keywords = {United States, Policy sciences, Political planning}, + file = {Birkland - 2010 - Elements of the Policy-Making System.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/S5AFVHH9/Birkland - 2010 - Elements of the Policy-Making System.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{taylor_modern_2004, + title = {Modern {Social} {Imaginaries}}, + language = {en}, + author = {Taylor, Charles}, + year = {2004}, + pages = {227}, + file = {Taylor - Modern Social Imaginaries.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/WE6MAK7P/Taylor - Modern Social Imaginaries.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{anderson_imagined_2006, + address = {London ; New York}, + edition = {Rev. ed}, + title = {Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism}, + isbn = {978-1-84467-086-4}, + shorttitle = {Imagined communities}, + language = {en}, + publisher = {Verso}, + author = {Anderson, Benedict R. O'G}, + year = {2006}, + keywords = {History, Nationalism}, + file = {Anderson - 2006 - Imagined communities reflections on the origin an.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/A223DQUV/Anderson - 2006 - Imagined communities reflections on the origin an.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{birn_philanthrocapitalism_2014, + title = {Philanthrocapitalism, past and present: {The} {Rockefeller} {Foundation}, the {Gates} {Foundation}, and the setting(s) of the international/global health agenda}, + volume = {12}, + issn = {1710-3398, 1710-338X}, + shorttitle = {Philanthrocapitalism, past and present}, + url = {http://www.hypothesisjournal.com/?p=2503}, + doi = {10.5779/hypothesis.v12i1.229}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2021-10-16}, + journal = {Hypothesis}, + author = {Birn, Anne-Emanuelle}, + month = nov, + year = {2014}, + file = {Birn - 2014 - Philanthrocapitalism, past and present The Rockef.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/ZTXF9D8Y/Birn - 2014 - Philanthrocapitalism, past and present The Rockef.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{smith_imaginaries_2009, + title = {Imaginaries of {Development}: {The} {Rockefeller} {Foundation} and {Rice} {Research}}, + volume = {18}, + issn = {0950-5431, 1470-1189}, + shorttitle = {Imaginaries of {Development}}, + url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09505430903186070}, + doi = {10.1080/09505430903186070}, + abstract = {This article is both a historical and contemporary analysis of the Rockefeller Foundation’s changing role in rice research over the past 50 years, and though there are many overlaps between them, focuses on three broad periods: first, the RF’s early work in rice research, particularly through the establishment of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and the Green Revolution era of the 1960s and 1970s; second, the development of the RF’s rice biotechnology program in the 1980s; and third, the RF’s focus on agricultural research in Africa, with rice research as a subset of their programmatic efforts, during the 1990s and beyond. Rice research in each of the different periods was driven by different framings of problems and potential solutions, incorporating wider ideologies, epistemologies, and key actors and networks, with the RF at the center. Viewed in this way, the Rockefeller Foundation’s involvement in rice research cannot be seen ‘simply’ as an agricultural modernization project, but rather as simultaneously a sociopolitical project that extends particular modes of governance through homogenization and paternalism.}, + language = {en}, + number = {4}, + urldate = {2021-10-16}, + journal = {Science as Culture}, + author = {Smith, Elta}, + month = dec, + year = {2009}, + pages = {461--482}, + file = {Smith - 2009 - Imaginaries of Development The Rockefeller Founda.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/8QS6S2B8/Smith - 2009 - Imaginaries of Development The Rockefeller Founda.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{kovacs_gates_2011, + address = {New York}, + series = {Routledge studies in education and neoliberalism}, + title = {The {Gates} {Foundation} and the future of {US} "public" schools}, + isbn = {978-0-415-87334-5 978-0-203-83494-7}, + language = {en}, + number = {5}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + editor = {Kovacs, Philip E.}, + year = {2011}, + keywords = {United States, Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation, Educational change, Endowments, Public schools}, + file = {Kovacs - 2011 - The Gates Foundation and the future of US public.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/D9BDDTMC/Kovacs - 2011 - The Gates Foundation and the future of US public.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{lovejoy_reflections_1940, + title = {Reflections on the {History} of {Ideas}}, + issn = {0022-5037}, + journal = {Journal of the History of Ideas}, + author = {Lovejoy, Arthur O}, + year = {1940}, + note = {Publisher: JSTOR}, + pages = {3--23}, +} + +@incollection{lovejoy_great_1963, + title = {The great chain of being}, + isbn = {0-674-04033-3}, + booktitle = {The {Great} {Chain} of {Being}}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + author = {Lovejoy, Arthur O}, + year = {1963}, +} + +@inproceedings{palti_historia_2004, + title = {De la historia de" ideas" a la historia de los" lenguajes políticos"-las escuelas recientes de análisis conceptual: el panorama latinoamericano}, + isbn = {1101-4148}, + publisher = {Instituto Iberoamericano}, + author = {Palti, Elías José}, + year = {2004}, + note = {Issue: 7}, + pages = {63--82}, +} + +@misc{histphil_beginnings_2017, + title = {The {Beginnings} of {Independent} {Sector} and {Why} {They} {Matter}}, + url = {https://histphil.org/2017/01/16/the-beginnings-of-independent-sector-and-why-they-matter/}, + abstract = {Editors’ Note: Last Week, Pablo Eisenberg, for decades one of the nation’s leading progressive critics of foundations, wrote an important op-ed in the Chronicle of Philanthropy calling …}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2022-06-04}, + journal = {HistPhil}, + author = {{HISTPHIL}}, + month = jan, + year = {2017}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/3HVCUMRY/the-beginnings-of-independent-sector-and-why-they-matter.html:text/html}, +} + +@article{dvoskin_hacia_2017, + title = {Hacia una historia de las ideas económicas contextual, discursiva y post-estructural}, + volume = {310}, + issn = {0325-1926}, + number = {46}, + journal = {Realidad Económica}, + author = {Dvoskin, Nicolás}, + year = {2017}, +} + +@incollection{slaughter_looking_1980, + address = {Boston, Mass}, + title = {Looking backwards: {How} foundations formulated ideology in the progressive period}, + isbn = {978-0-8161-8259-6}, + shorttitle = {Philanthropy and cultural imperialism}, + booktitle = {Philanthropy and cultural imperialism: {The} foundations at home and abroad}, + publisher = {G.K. Hall}, + author = {Slaughter, Sheila and Silva, Edward T}, + editor = {Arnove, Robert}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Publisher: GK Hall Boston}, + pages = {55--86}, +} + +@book{arnove_philanthropy_1980, + address = {Boston, Mass}, + title = {Philanthropy and cultural imperialism: the foundations at home and abroad}, + isbn = {978-0-8161-8259-6}, + shorttitle = {Philanthropy and cultural imperialism}, + language = {en}, + publisher = {G.K. Hall}, + editor = {Arnove, Robert}, + year = {1980}, + file = {Arnove - 1980 - Philanthropy and cultural imperialism the foundat.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/F6S2AVWY/Arnove - 1980 - Philanthropy and cultural imperialism the foundat.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@incollection{parmar_foundations_2012, + title = {Foundations of the {American} century}, + isbn = {0-231-12174-1}, + booktitle = {Foundations of the {American} {Century}}, + publisher = {Columbia University Press}, + author = {Parmar, Inderjeet}, + year = {2012}, +} + +@article{london_re-imagining_2016, + title = {Re-imagining the {Cambridge} {School} in the {Age} of {Digital} {Humanities}}, + volume = {19}, + issn = {1094-2939}, + journal = {Annual Review of Political Science}, + author = {London, Jennifer A}, + year = {2016}, + note = {Publisher: Annual Reviews}, + pages = {351--373}, +} + +@article{moretti_bankspeak_2015, + title = {Bankspeak: the language of {World} {Bank} reports}, + volume = {92}, + number = {2}, + journal = {New Left Review}, + author = {Moretti, Franco and Pestre, Dominique}, + year = {2015}, + pages = {75--99}, +} + +@article{tournes_fondation_2008, + title = {La fondation {Rockefeller} et la construction d’une politique des sciences sociales en {France} (1918-1940)}, + volume = {63}, + issn = {0395-2649, 1953-8146}, + url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0395264900038166/type/journal_article}, + doi = {10.1017/S0395264900038166}, + abstract = {Résumé + Au cours de l’entre-deux-guerres, la fondation Rockefeller apporte une impulsion décisive à la construction du champ des sciences sociales en France, à la fois par son soutien financier important, mais aussi par sa participation, conjointement avec les universitaires français, à la conception d’un programme de recherche collectif et à la création d’un ensemble d’institutions coordonnées entre elles et unifiées par le paradigme de la recherche expérimentale qui irrigue l’ensemble des travaux qui y sont menés. L’analyse des dynamiques respectives des acteurs engagés dans ce processus montre que l’on n’a pas tant affaire au processus de diffusion/réception d’un projet américain préalablement conçu, mais plutôt à la coproduction d’un projet franco-américain par l’ajustement progressif des objectifs des deux partenaires, qui ne cessent d’évoluer au cours des négociations. + , + Abstract + The Rockefeller Foundation played a great role in the development of social sciences in France during the interwar period, not only through its important financial support to many research institutes, but also through its intellectual collaboration with French academics in order to build collective research programs based on the paradigm of empiric-quantitative research, and to develop the coordination of the work undertaken in all institutes. This process is not analyzed in this paper as a ‘diffusion/reception’ process, but rather as a coproduction resulting from the confrontation of the French and American protagonists, whose positions and conceptions were in continual evolution and adjustment with each other throughout the long negociations which led to the funding of the research programs by the Rockefeller Foundation.}, + language = {fr}, + number = {6}, + urldate = {2022-04-17}, + journal = {Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales}, + author = {Tournès, Ludovic}, + month = dec, + year = {2008}, + pages = {1369--1402}, + file = {Tournès - 2008 - La fondation Rockefeller et la construction d’une .pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/ZFAFG49G/Tournès - 2008 - La fondation Rockefeller et la construction d’une .pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{moran_philanthropic_nodate, + title = {Philanthropic foundations and the governance of global health: {The} {Rockefeller} {Foundation} and {Product} {Development} {Partnerships}}, + language = {en}, + author = {Moran, Michael}, + pages = {18}, + file = {Moran - Philanthropic foundations and the governance of gl.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/HJPJ8TZI/Moran - Philanthropic foundations and the governance of gl.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_hookworm_nodate, + title = {hookworm disease {\textbar} {Britannica}}, + url = {https://www.britannica.com/science/hookworm-disease}, + abstract = {hookworm disease, a parasitic infestation of humans, dogs, or cats caused by bloodsucking worms (see photograph) living in the small intestine—sometimes associated with secondary anemia. Several species of hookworm can cause the disease. Necator americanus, which ranges in size from 5 to 11}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2022-02-22}, + journal = {Encyclopædia Britannica}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/7K9HAD82/hookworm-disease.html:text/html}, +} + +@article{fisher_rockfeller_1999, + title = {The {Rockfeller} {Foundation} and the {Development} of {Scientific} {Medicine} in {Great} {Britain}}, + journal = {The Rockfeller Foundation and the Development of Scientific Medicine in Great Britain}, + author = {Fisher, Donald}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Publisher: CLUEB}, + pages = {1000--1025}, +} + +@article{scot_rockefellers_2010, + title = {"{Rockefeller}’s {Baby}". {La} {London} {School} of {Economics} et la recherche économique dans l’{Angleterre} de l’entre-deux-guerres}, + journal = {L. Tournès (Hg.), L’argent de l’influence. Les fondations américaines et leurs réseaux européens (Collection Mémoires/Culture, Bd. 156), Paris}, + author = {Scot, Marie}, + year = {2010}, + pages = {84--105}, +} + +@article{saunier_rockefeller_2010, + title = {Rockefeller, {Gillet}, {Lépine} and {Co}.: une joint venture transatlantique à {Lyon} (1918–1940)}, + journal = {L’argent de l’influence. Les fondations américaines et leurs réseaux européens}, + author = {Saunier, Pierre-Yves and Tournès, Ludovic}, + year = {2010}, + pages = {64--83}, +} + +@book{cueto_missionaries_1994, + title = {Missionaries of science: the {Rockefeller} foundation and {Latin} {America}}, + isbn = {0-253-31583-2}, + publisher = {Indiana University Press}, + author = {Cueto, Marcos}, + year = {1994}, +} + +@article{tournes_reseau_2006, + title = {Le réseau des boursiers {Rockefeller} et la recomposition des savoirs biomédicaux en {France} (1920-1970)}, + volume = {29}, + issn = {0016-1071, 1527-5493}, + url = {https://read.dukeupress.edu/french-historical-studies/article/29/1/77-107/9521}, + doi = {10.1215/00161071-29-1-77}, + language = {fr}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2022-01-19}, + journal = {French Historical Studies}, + author = {Tournès, Ludovic}, + month = jan, + year = {2006}, + pages = {77--107}, + file = {Tournes - 2006 - Le reseau des boursiers Rockefeller et la recompos.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/ISMABDPQ/Tournes - 2006 - Le reseau des boursiers Rockefeller et la recompos.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@incollection{schneider_role_1999, + title = {The role of the {Rockefeller} {Foundation} and the development of biomedical research in {Europe}}, + booktitle = {Managing medical research in {Europe}: the role of the {Rockefeller} {Foundation}: 1920s-1950s}, + publisher = {Clueb}, + author = {Schneider, William and Picard, Jean-François}, + year = {1999}, +} + +@article{gemelli_rockefeller_2018, + title = {The {Rockefeller} {Foundation} and {Networks} of {Excellence} in {Italian} {Biomedical} {Research}: the {Role} of {Giuseppe} {Levi}}, + volume = {30}, + issn = {2531-7288}, + number = {1}, + journal = {Medicina nei Secoli}, + author = {Gemelli, Giuliana}, + year = {2018}, + pages = {127--166}, +} + +@incollection{noauthor_about_1977, + title = {About}, + url = {https://chaptersinmy.life/about/}, + abstract = {For twenty-one years a confidential advisor to John D. Rockefeller, Sr., Frederick Taylor Gates was the architect of modern American philanthropy. This autobiography, written in 1928, a year before…}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2022-01-26}, + booktitle = {Chapters {In} {My} {Life}}, + year = {1977}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/ZA3NRLHG/about.html:text/html}, +} + +@incollection{gates_foreword_1977, + title = {Foreword}, + url = {https://chaptersinmy.life/foreword/}, + abstract = {In honor and memory of a most distinguished alumnus, the University of Rochester inaugurated the Frederick Taylor Gates Lectureship in 1974. These lectures will continue to be given from time to ti…}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2022-01-26}, + booktitle = {Chapters {In} {My} {Life}}, + publisher = {Free Press}, + author = {Gates, Frederick}, + year = {1977}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/CKGPPUYZ/foreword.html:text/html}, +} + +@book{gates_chapters_1977, + title = {Chapters in my life}, + isbn = {0-02-911350-4}, + publisher = {Free Press}, + author = {Gates, Frederick Taylor}, + year = {1977}, +} + +@article{karl_foundations_1987, + title = {Foundations and {Ruling} {Class} {Elites}}, + volume = {116}, + url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/20025085}, + language = {en}, + number = {1,}, + journal = {Daedalus}, + author = {Karl, Barry D. and Katz, Stanley N.}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {1--40}, + file = {Karl and Katz - 1987 - Foundations and Ruling Class Elites.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/5MPGLP3F/Karl and Katz - 1987 - Foundations and Ruling Class Elites.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@techreport{the_rockefeller_foundation_annual_1938, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1937}, + institution = {The Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{The Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1938}, +} + +@article{birn_rockefeller_2013, + title = {The {Rockefeller} {Foundation} and the international health agenda}, + volume = {381}, + issn = {0140-6736, 1474-547X}, + url = {https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61013-2/fulltext?version=printerFriendly}, + doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61013-2}, + language = {English}, + number = {9878}, + urldate = {2022-01-18}, + journal = {The Lancet}, + author = {Birn, Anne-Emanuelle and Fee, Elizabeth}, + month = may, + year = {2013}, + note = {Publisher: Elsevier}, + pages = {1618--1619}, + file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/IKMHB45Q/Birn and Fee - 2013 - The Rockefeller Foundation and the international h.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/T5PQ9MY9/fulltext.html:text/html}, +} + +@techreport{the_rockefeller_foundation_annual_1921, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1920}, + institution = {The Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{The Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1921}, +} + +@techreport{the_rockefeller_foundation_annual_1915, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1913-1914}, + url = {https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/Annual-Report-1913-1914-1.pdf}, + institution = {The Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{The Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1915}, +} + +@article{dubin_carnegie_1979, + title = {The {Carnegie} {Endowment} for {International} {Peace} and the {Advocacy} of a {League} of {Nations}, 1914-1918}, + volume = {123}, + issn = {0003049X}, + url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/986615}, + number = {6}, + urldate = {2022-01-18}, + journal = {Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society}, + author = {Dubin, Martin David}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Publisher: American Philosophical Society}, + pages = {344--368}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_carnegie_nodate, + title = {Carnegie {Endowment} for {International} {Peace} {Records}, 1910-1954, {Historical} {Note}}, + url = {http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/eresources/archives/rbml/CEIP/index.html}, + urldate = {2022-01-18}, + file = {Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Records Main:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/KV9R4CYR/index.html:text/html}, +} + +@book{tournes_argent_2010, + series = {Mémoires/culture}, + title = {L'argent de l'influence: {Les} fondations américaines et leurs réseaux européens}, + isbn = {978-2-7467-1441-0}, + shorttitle = {L'argent de l'influence}, + url = {https://cairn.info/l-argent-de-l-influence-2010--9782746714410.htm}, + language = {fr}, + urldate = {2022-01-18}, + publisher = {Autrement}, + editor = {Tournès, Ludovic}, + month = oct, + year = {2010}, + doi = {10.3917/autre.tourn.2010.02}, + file = {Tournès - 2010 - L'argent de l'influence Les fondations américaine.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/67PXHIPS/Tournès - 2010 - L'argent de l'influence Les fondations américaine.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@techreport{noauthor_2015_nodate, + title = {2015 {Annual} {Report}}, + url = {https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/2015-annual-report/}, + language = {en-US}, + urldate = {2022-01-18}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/WPEFAHQI/2015-annual-report.html:text/html}, +} + +@article{tournes_rockefeller_2014, + title = {The {Rockefeller} {Foundation} and the {Transition} from the {League} of {Nations} to the {UN} (1939–1946)}, + volume = {12}, + issn = {1611-8944, 2631-9764}, + url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.17104/1611-8944_2014_3_323}, + doi = {10.17104/1611-8944_2014_3_323}, + abstract = {The Rockefeller Foundation and the Transition from the League of Nations to the UN (1939–1946) + The Rockefeller Foundation played an important role in the transition from the League of Nations to the United Nations through its collaboration with two international organisations. The first was the Economic, Financial and Transit Department (EFTD) of the LoN. By financing its move to the United States and all of its work during the Second World War, the RF would allow it to make a major contribution to the reorganisation of the global economic order after 1945. The second organisation was the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), which the RF provided with staff, working methods, and a network of contacts around the world. The RF was thus deeply involved in the redefinition of the overall structure of the system of international organisations during WWII.}, + language = {en}, + number = {3}, + urldate = {2022-01-18}, + journal = {Journal of Modern European History}, + author = {Tournès, Ludovic}, + month = aug, + year = {2014}, + pages = {323--341}, + file = {Tournès - 2014 - The Rockefeller Foundation and the Transition from.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/5B4QRVQX/Tournès - 2014 - The Rockefeller Foundation and the Transition from.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_array_2015, + title = {Array}, + url = {https://www.feedthefuture.gov/article/a-new-twist-on-seed-technology/}, + abstract = {Private seed companies in East Africa are working together to bring to market a new herbicide-coated maize seed variety that has the power to combat Striga, a parasitic weed that infests up to 50 million hectares of Sub-Saharan African land.    The weed causes farmers to lose anywhere from a third to 100 percent of […]}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2022-01-14}, + journal = {Feed the Future}, + month = jan, + year = {2015}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/ZMXYV4P7/a-new-twist-on-seed-technology.html:text/html}, +} + +@article{mookim_world_2021, + title = {The {World} {Loses} {Under} {Bill} {Gates}’ {Vaccine} {Colonialism}}, + issn = {1059-1028}, + url = {https://www.wired.com/story/opinion-the-world-loses-under-bill-gates-vaccine-colonialism/}, + abstract = {As many countries wait for Covid vaccines, the world needs a patent-free “People’s Vaccine”—not more of Gates’ intellectual property stubbornness.}, + language = {en-US}, + urldate = {2022-01-07}, + journal = {Wired}, + author = {Mookim, Mohit}, + year = {2021}, + note = {Section: tags}, + keywords = {bill gates, covid-19, public health, vaccines, wired opinion}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/U2KU5UNM/opinion-the-world-loses-under-bill-gates-vaccine-colonialism.html:text/html}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_alliance_nodate, + title = {Alliance for a {Green} {Revolution} in {Africa}}, + url = {https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/initiative/alliance-for-a-green-revolution-in-africa/}, + abstract = {Working along the agricultural supply chain to catalyze a uniquely African green revolution.}, + language = {en-US}, + urldate = {2022-01-07}, + journal = {The Rockefeller Foundation}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/4CAZEZLD/alliance-for-a-green-revolution-in-africa.html:text/html}, +} + +@misc{kalugyer_giving_2021, + title = {Giving {USA} 2021: {In} a year of unprecedented events and challenges, charitable giving reached a record \$471.44 billion in 2020}, + url = {https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.givinginstitute.org/resource/resmgr/gusa/2021_resources/gusa_2021_press_release_fina.pdf}, + language = {en}, + author = {Kalugyer, Adriene Davis}, + year = {2021}, + file = {Kalugyer - Giving USA 2021 In a year of unprecedented events.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/2HBBXW3I/Kalugyer - Giving USA 2021 In a year of unprecedented events.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{anheier_politics_nodate, + title = {The {Politics} of {Foundations}: {A} {Comparative} {Analysis}}, + language = {en}, + author = {Anheier, Helmut K (Editor)}, + pages = {366}, + file = {Anheier - The Politics of Foundations A Comparative Analysi.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/MMUTNJ7P/Anheier - The Politics of Foundations A Comparative Analysi.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{giacomin_drivers_2021, + title = {Drivers of {Philanthropic} {Foundations} in {Emerging} {Markets}: {Family}, {Values} and {Spirituality}}, + issn = {1573-0697}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04875-4}, + doi = {10.1007/s10551-021-04875-4}, + abstract = {This article discusses the ethics and drivers of philanthropic foundations in emerging markets. A foundation organizes assets to invest in philanthropic initiatives. Previous scholarship has largely focused on developed countries, especially the United States, and has questioned the ethics behind the activities of foundations, particularly for strategic motives that served wider corporate purposes. We argue that philanthropic foundations in emerging markets have distinctive characteristics that merit separate examination. We scrutinize the ethics behind the longitudinal activity of such foundations using 70 oral history interviews with business leaders in 18 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. We find that 55 out of 70 foundations associated with these leaders have been used as vehicles for a specific type of philanthropic ethics defined as “spiritual philanthropy”. These foundations often embodied personal or family traditions, culture, and religious values, which emphasized charitable giving and social responsibility. As in the case of many of the industrial foundations in Europe, these foundations also carried founding family names and provided a structure to maintain family control and enhance corporate reputation. We argue that, as business leaders in emerging markets are more directly exposed to dire social, educational and health deprivation than their counterparts in developed countries, they are less inclined toward grandiose world-making, and their foundations are more focused on delivering immediate benefits to communities in their home countries, motivated by implicit or explicit spirituality.}, + journal = {Journal of Business Ethics}, + author = {Giacomin, Valeria and Jones, Geoffrey}, + month = jun, + year = {2021}, +} + +@article{betsill_philanthropic_2021, + title = {Philanthropic foundations as agents of environmental governance:a research agenda}, + issn = {0964-4016}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2021.1955494}, + doi = {10.1080/09644016.2021.1955494}, + abstract = {ABSTRACTPhilanthropic foundations play increasingly prominent roles in the environmental arena, yet remain largely under the radar of environmental governance scholars. We build on the small body of existing research on foundations in environmental governance to outline a research agenda on foundations as agents of environmental governance. The agenda identifies current understandings, debates, and research gaps related to three themes: 1) the roles foundations perform in environmental governance, 2) the outcomes of environmental philanthropy, and 3) the sources of foundation legitimacy. We call for more systematic and empirical research using diverse theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches. This research agenda will contribute to literature on agency in environmental governance by providing a more comprehensive picture of who governs the environment and how. Coming at a time when foundations are facing growing public scrutiny, it can also inform contemporary debates and offer practical insights for effective and equitable environmental philanthropy.}, + journal = {Environmental Politics}, + author = {Betsill, Michele M. and Enrici, Ashley and Le Cornu, Elodie and Gruby, Rebecca L.}, + month = aug, + year = {2021}, + note = {Publisher: Routledge}, + pages = {1--22}, + annote = {doi: 10.1080/09644016.2021.1955494}, +} + +@article{tournes_fondation_2007, + title = {La fondation {Rockefeller} et la naissance de l'universalisme philanthropique américain}, + volume = {n° 35}, + issn = {1290-7839, 1777-554X}, + url = {http://www.cairn.info/revue-critique-internationale-2007-2-page-173.htm?ref=doi}, + doi = {10.3917/crii.035.0173}, + language = {fr}, + number = {2}, + urldate = {2021-12-28}, + journal = {Critique internationale}, + author = {Tournès, Ludovic}, + year = {2007}, + pages = {173}, + file = {Tournès - 2007 - La fondation Rockefeller et la naissance de l'univ.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/54VV5Q4V/Tournès - 2007 - La fondation Rockefeller et la naissance de l'univ.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{arnove_revisiting_2007, + title = {Revisiting the “{Big} {Three}” {Foundations}}, + volume = {33}, + issn = {0896-9205, 1569-1632}, + url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1163/156916307X188960}, + doi = {10.1163/156916307X188960}, + abstract = {A review of the funding strategies and priorities of the Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Ford Foundations over the past twenty-five years indicates that although these major philanthropies have adjusted to changing international and national contexts, they continued to engage in the same activities identified by Arnove (1980) in Philanthropy and Cultural Imperialism. These foundations claim to attack the roots causes of the ills of humanity; however they essentially engage in ameliorative practices to maintain social and economics systems that generate the very inequality and injustices they wish to correct.}, + language = {en}, + number = {3}, + urldate = {2021-12-12}, + journal = {Critical Sociology}, + author = {Arnove, Robert and Pinede, Nadine}, + month = may, + year = {2007}, + pages = {389--425}, + file = {Arnove and Pinede - 2007 - Revisiting the “Big Three” Foundations.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/M3R5Z4KD/Arnove and Pinede - 2007 - Revisiting the “Big Three” Foundations.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{wodak_new_2005, + address = {Amsterdam ; Philadelphia}, + series = {Discourse approaches to politics, society, and culture}, + title = {A new agenda in (critical) discourse analysis: theory, methodology, and interdisciplinary}, + isbn = {978-1-58811-637-6 978-90-272-2703-4}, + shorttitle = {A new agenda in (critical) discourse analysis}, + language = {en}, + number = {v. 13}, + publisher = {J. Benjamins}, + editor = {Wodak, Ruth and Chilton, Paul A.}, + year = {2005}, + keywords = {Methodology, Social sciences, Critical discourse analysis, Discourse analysis}, + file = {Wodak and Chilton - 2005 - A new agenda in (critical) discourse analysis the.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/IXZVB5SE/Wodak and Chilton - 2005 - A new agenda in (critical) discourse analysis the.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{wall_critical_2015, + title = {Critical {Discourse} {Analysis} as a {Review} {Methodology}: {An} {Empirical} {Example}}, + volume = {37}, + issn = {15293181}, + shorttitle = {Critical {Discourse} {Analysis} as a {Review} {Methodology}}, + url = {https://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol37/iss1/11/}, + doi = {10.17705/1CAIS.03711}, + abstract = {Research disciplines and subdisciplines are steeped in epistemological beliefs and theoretical assumptions that guide and constrain research. These beliefs and assumptions both enable scientific inquiry and limit scientific progress. Theory and review papers tend to be a means for reproducing ideological assumptions. However, review papers can also challenge ideological assumptions by critically assessing taken-for-granted assumptions. Critical review methods are underdeveloped in the management disciplines. The information systems (IS) discipline must do more to improve the critical examination of its scientific discourse. In this paper, we present a method with guiding principles and steps for systematically conducting critical reviews of IS literature based on Habermasian strains of critical discourse analysis. We provide an empirical example of the method. The empirical example offers a critical review of behavioral information security research with a focus on employees’ security behaviors.}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2021-12-12}, + journal = {Communications of the Association for Information Systems}, + author = {Wall, Jeffrey D. and Stahl, Bernd Carsten and Salam, A. F.}, + year = {2015}, + file = {Wall et al. - 2015 - Critical Discourse Analysis as a Review Methodolog.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/PY5NYR23/Wall et al. - 2015 - Critical Discourse Analysis as a Review Methodolog.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{wodak_methods_2001, + address = {London ; Thousand Oaks [Calif.]}, + series = {Introducing qualitative methods}, + title = {Methods of critical discourse analysis}, + isbn = {978-0-7619-6153-6 978-0-7619-6154-3}, + language = {en}, + publisher = {SAGE}, + editor = {Wodak, Ruth and Meyer, Michael}, + year = {2001}, + note = {OCLC: ocm48570222}, + keywords = {Methodology, Discourse analysis}, + file = {Wodak and Meyer - 2001 - Methods of critical discourse analysis.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/JKCKVBS6/Wodak and Meyer - 2001 - Methods of critical discourse analysis.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{koselleck_historia_nodate, + title = {Historia de los conceptos y conceptos de historia}, + language = {es}, + author = {Koselleck, Reinhart}, + pages = {20}, + file = {Koselleck - Historia de los conceptos y conceptos de historia.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/JR2HGKSA/Koselleck - Historia de los conceptos y conceptos de historia.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{sebastian_intellectual_2007, + title = {Intellectual {History}, {Liberty} and {Republicanism}}, + volume = {3}, + issn = {1807-9326, 1874-656X}, + url = {http://berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/contributions/3/1/choc030106.xml}, + doi = {10.1163/180793207X209093}, + abstract = {Quentin Skinner was interviewed by Javier Fernández Sebastián (Universidad del País Vasco, Spain) at the Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, Madrid, on March 29, 2006. This interview has appeared in Spanish translation in Historia y Política 16: 237-258 (2006).}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2021-12-12}, + journal = {Contributions to the History of Concepts}, + author = {Sebastián, Javier Fernández and Skinner, Quentin}, + month = apr, + year = {2007}, + pages = {103--123}, + file = {Sebastián and Skinner - 2007 - Intellectual History, Liberty and Republicanism.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/PCGIELEF/Sebastián and Skinner - 2007 - Intellectual History, Liberty and Republicanism.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{skinner_meaning_2021, + title = {Meaning and {Understanding} in the {History} of {Ideas}}, + language = {en}, + author = {Skinner, Quentin}, + year = {2021}, + pages = {52}, + file = {Skinner - 2021 - Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/MNXKAHDV/Skinner - 2021 - Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{minogue_method_1981, + title = {Method in {Intellectual} {History}: {Quentin} {Skinner}'s {Foundations}}, + volume = {56}, + issn = {0031-8191, 1469-817X}, + shorttitle = {Method in {Intellectual} {History}}, + url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0031819100050567/type/journal_article}, + doi = {10.1017/S0031819100050567}, + abstract = {Quentin Skinner's + The Foundations of Modern Political Thought + is primarily of interest to philosophers not for its excellent account of European thought about the state but for the self–conscious philosophy which has gone into it. It is a rare historian who pauses to get his philosophy in order before he embarks on a major enterprise, though such a policy is possibly less unusual in intellectual history than in other fields. In Skinner's case, however, this order of doing things has been pushed so far that he counts as a philosopher in his own right, rather than as merely someone who is unusually careful to think about what he is doing. The publication of this major work thus provides a convenient opportunity to make a few remarks about the relation between historical theory and practice.}, + language = {en}, + number = {218}, + urldate = {2021-12-12}, + journal = {Philosophy}, + author = {Minogue, K. R.}, + month = oct, + year = {1981}, + pages = {533--552}, + file = {Minogue - 1981 - Method in Intellectual History Quentin Skinner's .pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/8TDQ77RG/Minogue - 1981 - Method in Intellectual History Quentin Skinner's .pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{moretti_bankspeak_2015-1, + title = {Bankspeak: the language of {World} {Bank} reports}, + volume = {92}, + number = {2}, + journal = {New Left Review}, + author = {Moretti, Franco and Pestre, Dominique}, + year = {2015}, + pages = {75--99}, + file = {Franco Moretti Dominique Pestre, Bankspeak, NLR 92, March April 2015.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/PG7U443R/Franco Moretti Dominique Pestre, Bankspeak, NLR 92, March April 2015.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_annual_2021, + title = {Annual report}, + copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License}, + url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annual_report&oldid=1055363055}, + abstract = {An annual report is a comprehensive report on a company's activities throughout the preceding year. Annual reports are intended to give shareholders and other interested people information about the company's activities and financial performance. They may be considered as grey literature. Most jurisdictions require companies to prepare and disclose annual reports, and many require the annual report to be filed at the company's registry. Companies listed on a stock exchange are also required to report at more frequent intervals (depending upon the rules of the stock exchange involved).}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2021-12-12}, + journal = {Wikipedia}, + month = nov, + year = {2021}, + note = {Page Version ID: 1055363055}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/H3IMIEBI/index.html:text/html}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_actos_2019, + title = {Actos ilocucionarios en la teoría del habla y el acto}, + url = {https://www.greelane.com/es/humanidades/inglés/illocutionary-act-speech-1691044}, + abstract = {El término acto ilocucionario se refiere al uso de una oración para expresar una actitud con una determinada función o "fuerza", llamada fuerza ilocucionaria.}, + language = {es}, + urldate = {2021-12-12}, + journal = {Actos ilocucionarios en la teoría del habla y el acto}, + month = jul, + year = {2019}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/ZZHGSGXB/illocutionary-act-speech-1691044.html:text/html}, +} + +@article{sbisa_illocutionary_2001, + title = {Illocutionary force and degrees of strength in language use}, + volume = {33}, + issn = {03782166}, + url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378216600000606}, + doi = {10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00060-6}, + abstract = {In this paper, I propose to deal with mitigation/reinforcement phenomena in terms of 'degrees of strength' of speech acts, and in particular of their illocutionary force. Some aspects of the received conception of a speech act do not allow illocutionary force to vary in degree and therefore it would be inappropriate to deal with mitigation/reinforcementin traditional speech-act theoretical terms. But a revised conception of the speech act as bringing about a change in the interpersonal relationship between the interlocutors might be compatible with the results of the research on mitigation/reinforcementand even contribute to a better understanding of these phenomena. In this perspective, mitigation and reinforcement appear not as stylistic phenomena superficially adjoined to the speech act, but as the adjustment and tuning of the illocutionary effect itself.}, + language = {en}, + number = {12}, + urldate = {2021-12-12}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + author = {Sbisà, Marina}, + month = dec, + year = {2001}, + pages = {1791--1814}, + file = {Sbisà - 2001 - Illocutionary force and degrees of strength in lan.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/FDW59XRS/Sbisà - 2001 - Illocutionary force and degrees of strength in lan.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_illocutionary_nodate, + title = {illocutionary force}, + url = {https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/dravling/illocutionary.html}, + urldate = {2021-12-12}, + file = {illocutionary force:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/8BDHZU46/illocutionary.html:text/html}, +} + +@book{skinner_reason_1996, + address = {Cambridge}, + title = {Reason and {Rhetoric} in the {Philosophy} of {Hobbes}.pdf}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + author = {Skinner, Quentin}, + year = {1996}, + file = {Quentin Skinner - Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes (1997).pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/F2XCCX9R/Quentin Skinner - Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes (1997).pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{fernandez_sebastian_conceptual_2006, + title = {Conceptual {History}, {Memory}, and {Identity}: {An} {Interview} with {Reinhart} {Koselleck}}, + volume = {2}, + issn = {1807-9326, 1874-656X}, + shorttitle = {Conceptual {History}, {Memory}, and {Identity}}, + url = {http://berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/contributions/2/1/choc020107.xml}, + doi = {10.1163/187465606783406153}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2021-12-11}, + journal = {Contributions to the History of Concepts}, + author = {Fernández Sebastián, Javiér and Francisco Fuentes, Juan and Koselleck, Reinhart}, + month = jan, + year = {2006}, + file = {Fernández Sebastián et al. - 2006 - Conceptual History, Memory, and Identity An Inter.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/GST3MWPV/Fernández Sebastián et al. - 2006 - Conceptual History, Memory, and Identity An Inter.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{ovalle_pasten_teorihistoria_2019, + title = {Teoría de la {Historia}, conciencia histórica e historia conceptual: una conversación con {Javier} {Fernández} {Sebastián}}, + issn = {2174-4289}, + shorttitle = {Teoría de la {Historia}, conciencia histórica e historia conceptual}, + url = {https://papiro.unizar.es/ojs/index.php/historiografias/article/view/4181}, + doi = {10.26754/ojs_historiografias/hrht.201924181}, + abstract = {This piece deals with an academic interview with Professor Javier Fernández Sebastián conducted in the context of the XVIII AHILA Congress, Valencia 2017. The questions are oriented towards his current concerns about the theory of history – a place where Fernández observes a rejection of the theoretical work by the academy –, the relationship between theory and conceptual history, and the problem of temporality, the latter from the problem of historical consciousness. The objective of the interview is to add discussion to the need for the theoretical work in writing history.}, + language = {es}, + urldate = {2021-12-11}, + journal = {Historiografías}, + author = {Ovalle Pastén, Daniel}, + month = dec, + year = {2019}, + pages = {112--121}, + file = {Ovalle Pastén - 2019 - Teoría de la Historia, conciencia histórica e hist.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/3ZXQIEPU/Ovalle Pastén - 2019 - Teoría de la Historia, conciencia histórica e hist.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{sebastian_historia_nodate, + title = {Historia, historiografía, historicidad. {Conciencia} histórica y cambio conceptual}, + language = {es}, + author = {Sebastián, Javier Fernández}, + pages = {30}, + file = {Sebastián - Historia, historiografía, historicidad. Conciencia.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/MTWK542S/Sebastián - Historia, historiografía, historicidad. Conciencia.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{steinmetz_conceptual_2017, + address = {New York ; Oxford}, + series = {European conceptual history}, + title = {Conceptual history in the {European} space}, + isbn = {978-1-78533-482-5 978-1-78920-494-0}, + language = {en}, + number = {volume 1}, + publisher = {Berghahn}, + editor = {Steinmetz, Willibald and Freeden, Michael and Fernández Sebastián, Javier}, + year = {2017}, + keywords = {History, Europe, Concepts, Historiography, History Periodization, History Philosophy, Political aspects History, Semantics, Historical, Social aspects History, Space and time}, + file = {Steinmetz et al. - 2017 - Conceptual history in the European space.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/3HPUQIQC/Steinmetz et al. - 2017 - Conceptual history in the European space.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{burns_conceptual_2011, + title = {Conceptual {History} and the {Philosophy} of the {Later} {Wittgenstein}: {A} {Critique} of {Quentin} {Skinner}’s {Contextualist} {Method}}, + volume = {5}, + issn = {1872-261X, 1872-2636}, + shorttitle = {Conceptual {History} and the {Philosophy} of the {Later} {Wittgenstein}}, + url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/jph/5/1/article-p54_3.xml}, + doi = {10.1163/187226311X555455}, + abstract = {Although first published in 1969, the methodological views advanced in Quentin Skinner’s “Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas” remain relevant today. In his article Skinner suggests that it would be inappropriate to even attempt to write the history of any idea or concept. In support of this view, Skinner advances two arguments, one derived from the philosophy of the later Wittgenstein and the other from that of J. L. Austin.}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2021-12-11}, + journal = {Journal of the Philosophy of History}, + author = {Burns, Anthony}, + year = {2011}, + pages = {54--83}, + file = {Burns - 2011 - Conceptual History and the Philosophy of the Later.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/BBWURV4B/Burns - 2011 - Conceptual History and the Philosophy of the Later.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{skinner_significa_2000, + title = {Sig­ni­fi­ca­do­ y­ {Com}­pren­sión­ en­ la­ {His}­to­ria­ de­ las­ {Ideas}}, + volume = {4}, + url = {http://ridaa.unq.edu.ar/handle/20.500.11807/2628}, + language = {es}, + number = {4}, + journal = {Prismas}, + author = {Skinner, Quentin}, + year = {2000}, + pages = {44}, + file = {Skinner - Sig­ni­fi­ca­do­ y­ Com­pren­sión­ en­ la­ His­to­.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/YMYFR9TI/Skinner - Sig­ni­fi­ca­do­ y­ Com­pren­sión­ en­ la­ His­to­.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{gamboa_escuela_2011, + title = {La escuela de {Cambridge}: historia del pensamiento político. una búsqueda metodológica}, + abstract = {The article focus on the analysis of the methodological revolution originated at the University of Cambridge, in England, last century, in the discipline of History of Political Thought (HPTh), with the purpose of providing it with a new philosophical foundation and more scientific accuracy. This revolution consisted in substituting textualism understood as the subjective interpretation of the classic texts, for the contextualist approach that explores the historical conditions (language included) that determined the up bringing of political ideas, in order to explain the true meaning that their authors wanted to provide them with.}, + language = {es}, + author = {Gamboa, Emilio Rabasa}, + year = {2011}, + pages = {24}, + file = {Gamboa - 2011 - La escuela de Cambridge historia del pensamiento .pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/WYZ672IX/Gamboa - 2011 - La escuela de Cambridge historia del pensamiento .pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{skinner_foundations_1978, + address = {Cambridge}, + title = {The {Foundations} of {Modern} {Political} {Thought}. {Volume} 1: {The} {Renaissance}}, + language = {en}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + author = {Skinner, Quentin}, + year = {1978}, + file = {Skinner - The foundations of modern political thought.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/68DXREMA/Skinner - The foundations of modern political thought.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{skinner_visions_2002, + address = {Cambridge}, + title = {Visions of {Politics}. {Volume} 2: {Renaissance} {Virtues}}, + language = {en}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + author = {Skinner, Quentin}, + year = {2002}, + file = {Skinner - Visions of Politics. Volume 2, Renaissance Virtues.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/X3X4PW3I/Skinner - Visions of Politics. Volume 2, Renaissance Virtues.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{skinner_visions_2002-1, + address = {Cambridge}, + title = {Visions of {Politics}. {Volume} 1: {Regarding} {Method}}, + language = {en}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + author = {Skinner, Quentin}, + year = {2002}, + file = {Skinner - Visions of Politics. Volume 1, Regarding Method.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/FE5BWN9G/Skinner - Visions of Politics. Volume 1, Regarding Method.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{steger_rise_2008, + address = {Oxford ; New York}, + title = {The rise of the global imaginary: political ideologies from the {French} {Revolution} to the global war on terror}, + isbn = {978-0-19-928693-5}, + shorttitle = {The rise of the global imaginary}, + language = {en}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + author = {Steger, Manfred B.}, + year = {2008}, + note = {OCLC: ocn192045711}, + keywords = {History, Ideology, Political science, Right and left (Political science)}, + file = {Steger - 2008 - The rise of the global imaginary political ideolo.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/ISIZF3CY/Steger - 2008 - The rise of the global imaginary political ideolo.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{appadurai_modernity_1996, + address = {Minneapolis, Minn}, + series = {Public worlds}, + title = {Modernity at large: cultural dimensions of globalization}, + isbn = {978-0-8166-2792-9 978-0-8166-2793-6}, + shorttitle = {Modernity at large}, + language = {en}, + number = {v. 1}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + author = {Appadurai, Arjun}, + year = {1996}, + keywords = {1950-, Civilization, Modern, Culture, Ethnicity, Mass media, Social aspects}, + file = {Appadurai - 1996 - Modernity at large cultural dimensions of globali.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/9XLTJMAI/Appadurai - 1996 - Modernity at large cultural dimensions of globali.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{gaonkar_toward_2002, + title = {Toward {New} {Imaginaries}: {An} {Introduction}}, + volume = {14}, + issn = {0899-2363, 1527-8018}, + shorttitle = {Toward {New} {Imaginaries}}, + url = {https://read.dukeupress.edu/public-culture/article/14/1/1-19/31652}, + doi = {10.1215/08992363-14-1-1}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2021-11-12}, + journal = {Public Culture}, + author = {Gaonkar, Dilip Parameshwar}, + month = jan, + year = {2002}, + pages = {1--19}, + file = {Gaonkar - 2002 - Toward New Imaginaries An Introduction.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/9AWQVMXQ/Gaonkar - 2002 - Toward New Imaginaries An Introduction.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{crush_power_1995, + address = {London; New York}, + title = {Power of development}, + isbn = {9780203975985 9780415111768 9780415111775 9786610114481}, + url = {http://site.ebrary.com/id/10095777}, + abstract = {Development histories reveal a legacy of contested power. These essays explore the language of development and its meaning within different political contexts, drawing material from Africa, Asia and Latin America by way of comparison.}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2021-11-12}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + editor = {Crush, J. S}, + year = {1995}, + note = {OCLC: 228173151}, + file = {(Late Editions_ Cultural Studies for the End of the Century 2) George E. Marcus - Technoscientific Imaginaries_ Conversations, Profiles, and Memoirs-University of Chicago Press (1995).pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/GSQB3SLN/(Late Editions_ Cultural Studies for the End of the Century 2) George E. Marcus - Technoscientific Imaginaries_ Conversations, Profiles, and Memoirs-University of Chicago Press (1995).pdf:application/pdf;Crush - 1995 - Power of development.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/RXSQZRT8/Crush - 1995 - Power of development.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{jasanoff_sociotechnical_2007, + title = {Sociotechnical imaginaries and science and technology policy: a cross-national comparison}, + journal = {NSF Research Project, Harvard University}, + author = {Jasanoff, Sheila and Kim, Sang-Hyun and Sperling, Stefan}, + year = {2007}, + file = {Jasanoff et al. - Sociotechnical Imaginaries and Science and Technol.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/SC52RWLD/Jasanoff et al. - Sociotechnical Imaginaries and Science and Technol.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{jasanoff_states_2004, + address = {London ; New York}, + series = {International library of sociology}, + title = {States of knowledge: the co-production of science and social order}, + isbn = {978-0-415-33361-0}, + shorttitle = {States of knowledge}, + language = {en}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + editor = {Jasanoff, Sheila}, + year = {2004}, + note = {OCLC: ocm52895266}, + keywords = {Social aspects, Science, Science and state}, + file = {Jasanoff - 2004 - States of knowledge the co-production of science .pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/EM6HFZ7Z/Jasanoff - 2004 - States of knowledge the co-production of science .pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{taylor_modern_2002, + title = {Modern {Social} {Imaginaries}}, + volume = {14}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + journal = {Public Culture}, + author = {Taylor, Charles}, + year = {2002}, + pages = {35}, + file = {Taylor - Modern Social Imaginaries.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/RAXTJG3D/Taylor - Modern Social Imaginaries.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{castoriadis_imaginary_1997, + title = {The imaginary institution of society}, + isbn = {0-262-53155-0}, + publisher = {Mit Press}, + author = {Castoriadis, Cornelius}, + year = {1997}, + file = {Castoriadis - 1997 - The imaginary institution of society.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/SXZQDJF3/Castoriadis - 1997 - The imaginary institution of society.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2003, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2002}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2003}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2004, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2003}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2004}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2005, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2004}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2005}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2006, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2005}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2006}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2007, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2006}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2007}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2011, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2010}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2011}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2012, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2011}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2012}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2013, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2012}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2013}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2014, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2013}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2014}, +} + +@misc{aayush_singh_then_2022, + title = {Then and {Now}: {The} {Crisis} of the 1970s and the {Upheaval} of the 2020s}, + shorttitle = {Then and {Now}}, + url = {https://econreview.berkeley.edu/then-and-now-the-crisis-of-the-1970s-and-the-upheaval-of-the-2020s/}, + language = {en-US}, + urldate = {2023-07-27}, + journal = {Berkeley Economic Review}, + author = {{Aayush Singh}}, + month = mar, + year = {2022}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/HMV6F7GI/then-and-now-the-crisis-of-the-1970s-and-the-upheaval-of-the-2020s.html:text/html}, +} + +@article{blinder_fall_1988, + title = {The fall and rise of {Keynesian} economics}, + volume = {64}, + issn = {0013-0249}, + number = {4}, + journal = {Economic record}, + author = {Blinder, Alan S}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Publisher: Wiley Online Library}, + pages = {278--294}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1921, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1920}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1921}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2008, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2007}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2008}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2001, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2000}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2001}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2010, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2009}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2010}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_2009, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 2008}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {2009}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_open_nodate, + title = {Open {Letter} to the {United} {Nations} {Secretary}-{General} and {President} of the {World} {Bank}-{Setting} {Serious} {Goals} to {Combat} {Inequality} – {EQUALS}}, + url = {https://equalshope.org/index.php/2023/07/17/setting-serious-goals-to-combat-inequality/}, + language = {en-US}, + urldate = {2023-07-26}, +} + +@article{heimberger_does_2020, + title = {Does economic globalisation affect income inequality? {A} meta‐analysis}, + volume = {43}, + issn = {0378-5920}, + number = {11}, + journal = {The World Economy}, + author = {Heimberger, Philipp}, + year = {2020}, + note = {Publisher: Wiley Online Library}, + pages = {2960--2982}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_globalization_2023, + title = {Globalization {\textbar} {Examples}, {Impact}, \& {Pros} and {Cons} {\textbar} {Britannica} {Money}}, + url = {https://www.britannica.com/money/topic/globalization}, + abstract = {Globalization, integration of the world’s economies, politics, and cultures. German-born American economist Theodore Levitt has been credited with having coined the term globalization in a 1983 article titled “The Globalization of Markets.” The phenomenon is widely considered to have begun in the}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2023-07-25}, + month = jun, + year = {2023}, +} + +@article{portes_neoliberalism_1997, + title = {Neoliberalism and the sociology of development: emerging trends and unanticipated facts}, + issn = {0098-7921}, + journal = {Population and development review}, + author = {Portes, Alejandro}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Publisher: JSTOR}, + pages = {229--259}, +} + +@article{harris_hidden_2015, + title = {A hidden counter-movement? {Precarity}, politics, and social protection before and beyond the neoliberal era}, + volume = {44}, + issn = {0304-2421}, + journal = {Theory and Society}, + author = {Harris, Kevan and Scully, Ben}, + year = {2015}, + note = {Publisher: Springer}, + pages = {415--444}, +} + +@article{davies_neoliberalism_2014, + title = {Neoliberalism: {A} bibliographic review}, + volume = {31}, + issn = {0263-2764}, + number = {7-8}, + journal = {Theory, Culture \& Society}, + author = {Davies, William}, + year = {2014}, + note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England}, + pages = {309--317}, +} + +@incollection{otoole_rockefeller_2001, + title = {The {Rockefeller} {Foundation}'s international program on rice biotechnology}, + booktitle = {Rice genetics {IV}}, + publisher = {World Scientific}, + author = {O'Toole, JC and Toenniessen, GH and Murashige, T and Harris, RR and Herdt, RW}, + year = {2001}, + pages = {39--59}, +} + +@book{garibaldi_personnel_2006, + title = {Personnel economics in imperfect labour markets}, + isbn = {0-19-153572-9}, + publisher = {OUP Oxford}, + author = {Garibaldi, Pietro}, + year = {2006}, +} + +@article{sommerville_global_2014, + title = {The ‘global food crisis’ and the geopolitics of food security}, + volume = {19}, + issn = {1465-0045}, + number = {2}, + journal = {Geopolitics}, + author = {Sommerville, Melanie and Essex, Jamey and Le Billon, Philippe}, + year = {2014}, + note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis}, + pages = {239--265}, +} + +@article{essex_idle_2012, + title = {Idle hands are the devil's tools: the geopolitics and geoeconomics of hunger}, + volume = {102}, + issn = {0004-5608}, + number = {1}, + journal = {Annals of the Association of American Geographers}, + author = {Essex, Jamey}, + year = {2012}, + note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis}, + pages = {191--207}, +} + +@article{tan_human_2014, + title = {Human capital theory: {A} holistic criticism}, + volume = {84}, + issn = {0034-6543}, + number = {3}, + journal = {Review of educational research}, + author = {Tan, Emrullah}, + year = {2014}, + note = {Publisher: Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}, + pages = {411--445}, +} + +@article{schultz_reflections_1962, + title = {Reflections on investment in man}, + volume = {70}, + issn = {0022-3808}, + number = {5, Part 2}, + journal = {Journal of political economy}, + author = {Schultz, Theodore W}, + year = {1962}, + note = {Publisher: The University of Chicago Press}, + pages = {1--8}, +} + +@article{engerman_development_2017, + title = {Development politics and the {Cold} {War}}, + volume = {41}, + issn = {0145-2096}, + number = {1}, + journal = {Diplomatic History}, + author = {Engerman, David C}, + year = {2017}, + note = {Publisher: Oxford University Press}, + pages = {1--19}, +} + +@article{heilbron_toward_2008, + title = {Toward a transnational history of the social sciences}, + volume = {44}, + issn = {0022-5061}, + number = {2}, + journal = {Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences}, + author = {Heilbron, Johan and Guilhot, Nicolas and Jeanpierre, Laurent}, + year = {2008}, + note = {Publisher: Wiley Online Library}, + pages = {146--160}, +} + +@article{bryson_emergence_1932, + title = {The emergence of the social sciences from moral philosophy}, + volume = {42}, + issn = {1526-422X}, + number = {3}, + journal = {The International Journal of Ethics}, + author = {Bryson, Gladys}, + year = {1932}, + note = {Publisher: University of Chicago Press}, + pages = {304--323}, +} + +@article{porter_genres_2003, + title = {Genres and {Objects} of {Social} {Inquiry}, from the {Enlightenment} to 1890}, + volume = {7}, + journal = {The Cambridge history of science}, + author = {Porter, Theodore M}, + year = {2003}, + note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press Cambridge}, + pages = {13--39}, +} + +@article{ross_changing_2003, + title = {Changing contours of the social science disciplines}, + volume = {7}, + journal = {The Cambridge history of science}, + author = {Ross, Dorothy}, + year = {2003}, + note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press Cambridge}, + pages = {205--237}, +} + +@article{gonzalez_positivismo_2014, + title = {Positivismo, dialéctica materialista y fenomenología: tres enfoques filosóficos del método científico y la investigación educativa}, + volume = {14}, + issn = {1409-4703}, + number = {3}, + journal = {Actualidades investigativas en educación}, + author = {González, Alberto Matías and Hernández Alegría, Antonio}, + year = {2014}, + note = {Publisher: http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/}, + pages = {502--523}, +} + +@article{caponi_generacion_2002, + title = {La generación espontánea y la preocupación higienista por la diseminación de los gérmenes}, + volume = {9}, + issn = {0104-5970}, + journal = {História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos}, + author = {Caponi, Sandra}, + year = {2002}, + note = {Publisher: SciELO Brasil}, + pages = {591--608}, +} + +@article{gonzalez_introduccion_1999, + title = {La introducción y el desarrollo del higienismo en {España} durante el siglo {XIX}. {Precursores}, continuadores y marco legal de un proyecto científico y social.}, + issn = {1138-9788}, + journal = {Scripta Nova: revista electrónica de geografía y ciencias sociales}, + author = {González, Rafael Alcaide}, + year = {1999}, +} + +@article{ruiz_ciudades_2020, + title = {Ciudades latinoamericanas entre mediados del siglo {XIX} y principios del {XX}: del {Higienismo} al {Urbanismo}}, + volume = {41}, + issn = {0258-591X}, + number = {2}, + journal = {Arquitectura y Urbanismo}, + author = {Ruiz, Gerardo G Sánchez}, + year = {2020}, + note = {Publisher: Instituto Superior Politécnico José Antonio Echeverría}, + pages = {31--45}, +} + +@article{gonzalez_publicaciones_1999, + title = {Las publicaciones sobre higienismo en {España} durante el período 1736-1939. {Un} estudio bibliométrico.}, + issn = {1138-9788}, + journal = {Scripta Nova: revista electrónica de geografía y ciencias sociales}, + author = {González, Rafael Alcaide}, + year = {1999}, +} + +@book{parmar_foundations_2012-1, + title = {Foundations of the {American} century: the {Ford}, {Carnegie}, and {Rockefeller} {Foundations} in the rise of {American} power}, + isbn = {0-231-12174-1}, + publisher = {Columbia University Press}, + author = {Parmar, Inderjeet}, + year = {2012}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1920, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1919}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1920}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1919, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1918}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1919}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1917, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1916}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1917}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1915, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1913-1914}, + institution = {The Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1915}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1918, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1917}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1918}, +} + +@techreport{rockefeller_foundation_annual_1916, + address = {New York}, + title = {Annual {Report} 1915}, + institution = {Rockefeller Foundation.}, + author = {{Rockefeller Foundation}}, + year = {1916}, +} + +@misc{asamblea_general_de_la_onu_declaracion_1986, + title = {Declaración sobre el derecho al desarrollo}, + url = {http://historico.cedhj.org.mx/legal/declaraciones/decla22.pdf}, + author = {{Asamblea General de la ONU}}, + year = {1986}, +} + +@article{umozurike_african_1983, + title = {The {African} {Charter} on {Human} and {Peoples}’ {Rights}}, + volume = {77}, + issn = {0002-9300}, + url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/african-charter-on-human-and-peoples-rights/96DED646F40C514ED3DB178B059ABC3C}, + doi = {10.2307/2202548}, + abstract = {During the 1970’s human rights appeared to enjoy low esteem in Africa. The basic documents in inter-African relations were the UN and the OAU Charters. In its Preamble, as well as four substantive articles, the UN Charter refers to respect for human rights as a basis for international relations. The principles of human rights were further elaborated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 whose principles, in the view of some writers, have become part of customary international law. This Declaration was in turn elaborated on in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966.}, + number = {4}, + journal = {American Journal of International Law}, + author = {Umozurike, U. O.}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Edition: 2017/02/27 +Publisher: Cambridge University Press}, + pages = {902--912}, +} + +@misc{office_of_the_high_commissionner_for_human_rights_right_nodate, + title = {Right to {Development} at a glance}, + url = {https://www.un.org/en/events/righttodevelopment/pdf/rtd_at_a_glance.pdf}, + author = {{Office of the High Commissionner for Human Rights}}, + file = {rtd_at_a_glance.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/4D5BYG2L/rtd_at_a_glance.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{rabasa_gamboa_escuela_2011, + title = {La {Escuela} de {Cambridge}: historia del pensamiento político. {Una} búsqueda metodológica}, + volume = {5}, + issn = {1870-879X}, + number = {9}, + journal = {EN-CLAVES del pensamiento}, + author = {Rabasa Gamboa, Emilio}, + year = {2011}, + note = {Publisher: Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, División de …}, + pages = {157--180}, +} + +@article{rivero_historia_2012, + title = {La historia de los conceptos de {Reinhart} {Koselleck}: conceptos fundamentales, {Sattelzeit}, temporalidad e histórica}, + volume = {35}, + issn = {0303-9757}, + number = {49}, + journal = {Politeia}, + author = {Rivero, José Javier Blanco}, + year = {2012}, + note = {Publisher: Universidad Central de Venezuela}, + pages = {1--33}, +} + +@article{fraser_foucault_1981, + title = {Foucault on modern power: {Empirical} insights and normative confusions}, + volume = {1}, + issn = {0260-8448}, + number = {3}, + journal = {Praxis international}, + author = {Fraser, Nancy}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, + pages = {272--287}, +} + +@article{campbell_policy_2015, + title = {Policy ideas, knowledge regimes and comparative political economy}, + volume = {13}, + issn = {1475-147X}, + number = {4}, + journal = {Socio-Economic Review}, + author = {Campbell, John L and Pedersen, Ove K}, + year = {2015}, + note = {Publisher: Oxford University Press}, + pages = {679--701}, +} + +@incollection{sen_concept_1988, + title = {The concept of development}, + volume = {1}, + isbn = {1573-4471}, + url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1573447188010046}, + abstract = {Publisher Summary +This chapter discusses the concept of development. It is not hard to see why the concept of development is so essential to economics in general. Economic problems involve logistic issues, and a lot of it is undoubtedly “engineering” of one kind or another. On the other hand, the success of all this has to be judged ultimately in terms of what it does to the lives of human beings. The enhancement of living conditions must clearly be an essential,if not the essential object of the entire economic exercise and that enhancement is an integral part of the concept of development. Even though the logistic and engineering problems involved in enhancing living conditions in the poor, developing countries might well be very different from those in the rich, developed ones, there is much in common in the respective exercises on the two sides of the divide. The close link between economic development and economic growth is simultaneously a matter of importance as well as a source of considerable confusion. The importance of “growth” must depend on the nature of the variable the expansion of which is considered and seen as “growth.” The chapter discusses a number of different sources of contrast that have to be clearly distinguished from each other, while drawing a distinction between development and growth. The well-being of a person can be seen as an evaluation of the functionings achieved by that person. This approach has been implicitly used by Adam Smith and Karl Marx in particular. The concept of development is by no meansunproblematic. The different problems underlying the concept have become clearer over the years based on conceptual discussions as well as from insights emerging from empirical work.}, + booktitle = {Handbook of {Development} {Economics}}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + author = {Sen, Amartya}, + month = jan, + year = {1988}, + doi = {10.1016/S1573-4471(88)01004-6}, + pages = {9--26}, +} + +@book{sachs_archaeology_2008, + title = {The archaeology of the development idea}, + isbn = {81-85861-31-5}, + publisher = {Earthcare Books Kolkata}, + author = {Sachs, Wolfgang}, + year = {2008}, +} + +@article{gaffield_words_2018, + title = {Words, words, words: how the digital humanities are integrating diverse research fields to study people}, + volume = {5}, + issn = {2326-8298}, + journal = {Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application}, + author = {Gaffield, Chad}, + year = {2018}, + note = {Publisher: Annual Reviews}, + pages = {119--139}, +} + +@article{seefeldt_what_2009, + title = {What is digital history? {A} look at some exemplar projects}, + author = {Seefeldt, Douglas and Thomas III, William G}, + year = {2009}, +} + +@book{coles_gender_2020, + title = {Gender, water and development}, + isbn = {1-00-018322-X}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + author = {Coles, Anne and Wallace, Tina}, + year = {2020}, +} + +@article{sachs_millennium_2005, + title = {The millennium project: a plan for meeting the millennium development goals}, + volume = {365}, + issn = {0140-6736}, + number = {9456}, + journal = {The Lancet}, + author = {Sachs, Jeffrey D and McArthur, John W}, + year = {2005}, + note = {Publisher: Elsevier}, + pages = {347--353}, +} + +@article{sachs_millennium_2012, + title = {From millennium development goals to sustainable development goals}, + volume = {379}, + issn = {0140-6736}, + number = {9832}, + journal = {The lancet}, + author = {Sachs, Jeffrey D}, + year = {2012}, + note = {Publisher: Elsevier}, + pages = {2206--2211}, +} + +@article{sachs_millennium_2005-1, + title = {The millennium project: a plan for meeting the millennium development goals}, + volume = {365}, + issn = {0140-6736}, + number = {9456}, + journal = {The Lancet}, + author = {Sachs, Jeffrey D and McArthur, John W}, + year = {2005}, + note = {Publisher: Elsevier}, + pages = {347--353}, +} + +@book{sachs_development_2009, + edition = {Second Edition}, + title = {The {Development} {Dictionary}. {A} {Guide} to {Knowledge} as {Power}}, + publisher = {Zed Books}, + editor = {Sachs, Wolfgang}, + month = dec, + year = {2009}, +} + +@book{rist_history_2019, + title = {The {History} of {Development}: {From} {Western} {Origins} to {Global} {Faith}}, + isbn = {1-78699-758-4}, + publisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing}, + author = {Rist, Gilbert}, + year = {2019}, +} + +@book{hirai_creation_2017, + title = {The creation of the human development approach}, + isbn = {3-319-51568-3}, + publisher = {Springer}, + author = {Hirai, Tadashi}, + year = {2017}, +} + +@book{escobar_invencion_2014, + title = {La invención del desarrollo}, + isbn = {958-732-134-0}, + publisher = {Editorial Universidad del Cauca}, + author = {Escobar, Arturo}, + year = {2014}, +} + +@book{adas_machines_2018, + title = {Machines as the measure of men: {Science}, technology, and ideologies of {Western} dominance}, + isbn = {0-8014-5526-X}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + author = {Adas, Michael}, + year = {2018}, +} + +@misc{sachs_archaeology_2018, + title = {The {Archaeology} of the {Development} {Idea}}, + author = {Sachs, Wolfgang}, + year = {2018}, + file = {The_Archaeology_of_the_Development_Idea.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/NGXWEPJ6/The_Archaeology_of_the_Development_Idea.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{cornwall_beneficiary_2002, + title = {Beneficiary consumer citizen: perspectives on participation for poverty reduction}, + volume = {2}, + isbn = {91-586-8919-2}, + publisher = {Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency}, + author = {Cornwall, Andrea}, + year = {2002}, +} + +@incollection{matthews_postdevelopment_2010, + title = {Postdevelopment theory}, + booktitle = {Oxford {Research} {Encyclopedia} of {International} {Studies}}, + author = {Matthews, Sally J}, + year = {2010}, +} + +@article{thant_foreword_1962, + title = {Foreword to the {United} {Nations} {Development} {Decade}: {Proposals} for action}, + volume = {6}, + journal = {Public papers of the Secretaries-General of the United Nations}, + author = {Thant, U}, + year = {1962}, + pages = {1961--1964}, +} + +@techreport{noauthor_measures_1951, + address = {New York}, + title = {Measures for the {Economic} {Development}}, + institution = {United Nations}, + year = {1951}, + file = {Measures for the Economic Development.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/AGRAWXIX/Measures for the Economic Development.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{jolly_ideas_2009, + title = {{UN} ideas that changed the world}, + isbn = {0-253-00337-7}, + publisher = {Indiana University Press}, + author = {Jolly, Richard and Emmerij, Louis and Weiss, Thomas G}, + year = {2009}, +} + +@book{white_new_1930, + title = {The new social science}, + volume = {XVIII}, + number = {Social Sciences Studies}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + author = {White, Leonard D.}, + editor = {White, Leonard D.}, + year = {1930}, +} + +@article{elman_extending_2014, + title = {Extending {Public} {Health}: {The} {Rockefeller} {Sanitary} {Commission} and {Hookworm} in the {American} {South}}, + volume = {104}, + issn = {0090-0036, 1541-0048}, + shorttitle = {Extending {Public} {Health}}, + url = {https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301472}, + doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2013.301472}, + abstract = {The Rockefeller Sanitary Commission for the Eradication of Hookworm Disease (1909–1914) fielded a philanthropic public health project that had three goals: to estimate hookworm prevalence in the American South, provide treatment, and eradicate the disease. Activities covered 11 Southern states, and Rockefeller teams found that about 40\% of the population surveyed was infected. However, the commission met strong resistance and lacked the time and resources to achieve universal county coverage and meet project goals. We explore how these constraints triggered project changes that systematically reshaped project operations and the characteristics of the counties surveyed and treated. We show that county selectivity reduced the project’s initial potential to affect hookworm prevalence estimates, treatment, and eradication in the American South.}, + language = {en}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2023-06-26}, + journal = {American Journal of Public Health}, + author = {Elman, Cheryl and McGuire, Robert A. and Wittman, Barbara}, + month = jan, + year = {2014}, + pages = {47--58}, + file = {Elman et al. - 2014 - Extending Public Health The Rockefeller Sanitary .pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/DYVI2LVB/Elman et al. - 2014 - Extending Public Health The Rockefeller Sanitary .pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_our_nodate, + title = {Our {History}}, + url = {https://www.rockefeller.edu/about/history/}, + abstract = {The first institution in the United States devoted solely to using biomedical research to understand the underlying causes of disease, Rockefeller is today one of the foremost biomedical research centers in the world, and its scientists have made numerous seminal contributions to biology and medicine.}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2023-06-26}, + journal = {About}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/EFRFUMV4/history.html:text/html}, +} + +@article{suh_socialterm-extractor_2019, + title = {{SocialTERM}-{Extractor}: {Identifying} and {Predicting} {Social}-{Problem}-{Specific} {Key} {Noun} {Terms} from a {Large} {Number} of {Online} {News} {Articles} {Using} {Text} {Mining} and {Machine} {Learning} {Techniques}}, + volume = {11}, + issn = {2071-1050}, + doi = {10.3390/su11010196}, + abstract = {In the digital age, the abundant unstructured data on the Internet, particularly online news articles, provide opportunities for identifying social problems and understanding social systems for sustainability. However, the previous works have not paid attention to the social-problem-specific perspectives of such big data, and it is currently unclear how information technologies can use the big data to identify and manage the ongoing social problems. In this context, this paper introduces and focuses on social-problem-specific key noun terms, namely SocialTERMs, which can be used not only to search the Internet for social-problem-related data, but also to monitor the ongoing and future events of social problems. Moreover, to alleviate time-consuming human efforts in identifying the SocialTERMs, this paper designs and examines the SocialTERM-Extractor, which is an automatic approach for identifying the key noun terms of social-problem-related topics, namely SPRTs, in a large number of online news articles and predicting the SocialTERMs among the identified key noun terms. This paper has its novelty as the first trial to identify and predict the SocialTERMs from a large number of online news articles, and it contributes to literature by proposing three types of text-mining-based features, namely temporal weight, sentiment, and complex network structural features, and by comparing the performances of such features with various machine learning techniques including deep learning. Particularly, when applied to a large number of online news articles that had been published in South Korea over a 12-month period and mostly written in Korean, the experimental results showed that Boosting Decision Tree gave the best performances with the full feature sets. They showed that the SocialTERMs can be predicted with high performances by the proposed SocialTERM-Extractor. Eventually, this paper can be beneficial for individuals or organizations who want to explore and use social-problem-related data in a systematical manner for understanding and managing social problems even though they are unfamiliar with ongoing social problems.}, + number = {1}, + journal = {Sustainability}, + author = {Suh, Jong H.}, + year = {2019}, + keywords = {complex network structure analysis, deep learning, ensemble learning methods, sentiment analysis, social-problem-specific key noun terms, temporal weights}, +} + +@incollection{otoole_rockefeller_2008, + title = {The {Rockefeller} {Foundation}'s {International} {Program} on {Rice} {Biotechnology}}, + url = {http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812814296_0003}, + language = {en}, + urldate = {2023-06-09}, + author = {O'Toole, J. C. and Toenniessen, G. H. and Murashige, T. and Harris, R. R. and Herdt, R. W.}, + month = apr, + year = {2008}, + doi = {10.1142/9789812814296_0003}, + pages = {39--59}, + file = {O'Toole et al. - 2008 - The Rockefeller Foundation's International Program.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/SBBRIRS9/O'Toole et al. - 2008 - The Rockefeller Foundation's International Program.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{wesslen_computer-assisted_2018, + title = {Computer-assisted text analysis for social science: {Topic} models and beyond}, + journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.11045}, + author = {Wesslen, Ryan}, + year = {2018}, +} + +@inproceedings{wallach_topic_2006, + title = {Topic modeling: beyond bag-of-words}, + author = {Wallach, Hanna M}, + year = {2006}, + pages = {977--984}, +} + +@article{grajzl_toward_2019, + title = {Toward understanding 17th century {English} culture: {A} structural topic model of {Francis} {Bacon}'s ideas}, + volume = {47}, + issn = {0147-5967}, + url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147596718304426}, + doi = {10.1016/j.jce.2018.10.004}, + abstract = {We use machine-learning methods to study the features and origins of the ideas of Francis Bacon, a key figure who provided the intellectual roots of a cultural paradigm that spurred modern economic development. Bacon's works are the data in an estimation of a structural topic model, a recently developed methodology for analysis of text corpora. The estimates uncover sixteen topics prominent in Bacon's opus. Two are key elements of the ideas usually associated with Bacon—inductive epistemology and fact-seeking. The utilitarian promise of science and the centralized organization of the scientific quest, embraced by Bacon's followers, were not emphasized by him. Using strategic communication, Bacon facilitated reception of his scientific methodology, targeted influential groups, and finessed powerful opponents. We provide the first quantitative evidence that the genesis of Bacon's epistemology lies in his experience in the common-law. Combining our findings with accepted arguments in the existing literature, we suggest that the effects of common-law culture can help explain the coincidence of early political and economic development in England.}, + number = {1}, + journal = {Journal of Comparative Economics}, + author = {Grajzl, Peter and Murrell, Peter}, + month = mar, + year = {2019}, + keywords = {Law, Culture, England, Francis Bacon, Knowledge, Scientific method}, + pages = {111--135}, +} + +@article{bastin_media_2014, + title = {Media {Corpora}, {Text} {Mining}, and the {Sociological} {Imagination}-{A} free software text mining approach to the framing of {Julian} {Assange} by three news agencies using {R}. {TeMiS}}, + volume = {122}, + issn = {0759-1063}, + number = {1}, + journal = {Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique}, + author = {Bastin, Gilles and Bouchet-Valat, Milan}, + year = {2014}, + note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England}, + pages = {5--25}, +} + +@misc{noauthor_without_nodate, + title = {"{Without} {Distinction} of {Race}, {Sex}, or {Creed}": {The} {General} {Education} {Board}, 1903-1964}, + shorttitle = {"{Without} {Distinction} of {Race}, {Sex}, or {Creed}"}, + url = {https://resource.rockarch.org/story/the-general-education-board-1903-1964/}, + abstract = {In the early 20th century, the General Education Board was devoted to the cause of improving education throughout the United States, without distinction of race, sex, or creed.}, + language = {en-US}, + urldate = {2023-04-04}, + journal = {REsource}, + file = {Snapshot:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/QR44VBSX/the-general-education-board-1903-1964.html:text/html}, +} + +@incollection{friedman_philanthropy_2002, + address = {Cambridge}, + title = {Philanthropy in {American}: {Historicism} and it {Discontents}}, + language = {en}, + booktitle = {Charity, {Philanthropy}, and {Civility} in {American} {History}}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + author = {Friedman, Lawrence J.}, + editor = {Friedman, Lawrence J. and McGarvie, Mark D.}, + year = {2002}, + pages = {1--21}, + file = {Friedman - 2002 - Philanthropy in American Historicism and it Disc.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/3QRB3IFG/Friedman - 2002 - Philanthropy in American Historicism and it Disc.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{karl_american_1983, + title = {The {American} {Private} {Philanthropic} {Foundation} and the public sphere 1890-1930}, + volume = {19}, + issn = {0026-4695, 1573-1871}, + shorttitle = {The {American} {Private} {Philanthropic} {Foundation} and the public sphere 1890}, + url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF01096567}, + doi = {10.1007/BF01096567}, + language = {en}, + number = {2}, + urldate = {2021-11-11}, + journal = {Minerva}, + author = {Karl, Barry D. and Katz, Stanley N.}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {236--270}, + file = {Karl and Katz - 1983 - The American Private Philanthropic Foundation and .pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/JKYU8V63/Karl and Katz - 1983 - The American Private Philanthropic Foundation and .pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{garcia-lorente_giro_2008, + title = {Giro {Lingüístico} y {POstmodernidad}}, + volume = {64}, + abstract = {This article attempts to show how postmodernity comes from doctrines originating in the «linguistic revolution». The thinkers of the 19th century German tradition —who are included in the socalled «Triple-H theory»— wanted to shift the line of argument from reason to language. The presupposition of the primacy of language will be presumed by the prophet of postmodernism, Nietzsche, thus making possible the dawning of postmodernity. Postmodernity will accept unquestionably the shift from the universal and absolute to the particular and relative.}, + language = {es}, + author = {García-Lorente, J A}, + year = {2008}, + file = {García-Lorente - 2008 - 06_JoseGARCIA.qxdMaqueta.qxd.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/VISGPTV9/García-Lorente - 2008 - 06_JoseGARCIA.qxdMaqueta.qxd.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{ahmed_development_2006, + title = {Development as discourse, discourse}, + language = {en}, + author = {Ahmed, Prpfessor Zahir}, + year = {2006}, + file = {Ahmed - Development as discourse, discourse.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/RAL5C9ZZ/Ahmed - Development as discourse, discourse.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{roberts_structural_2014, + title = {Structural topic models for open‐ended survey responses}, + volume = {58}, + issn = {0092-5853}, + number = {4}, + journal = {American journal of political science}, + author = {Roberts, Margaret E and Stewart, Brandon M and Tingley, Dustin and Lucas, Christopher and Leder‐Luis, Jetson and Gadarian, Shana Kushner and Albertson, Bethany and Rand, David G}, + year = {2014}, + note = {Publisher: Wiley Online Library}, + pages = {1064--1082}, +} + +@article{turney_frequency_2010, + title = {From frequency to meaning: {Vector} space models of semantics}, + volume = {37}, + issn = {1076-9757}, + journal = {Journal of artificial intelligence research}, + author = {Turney, Peter D and Pantel, Patrick}, + year = {2010}, + pages = {141--188}, +} + +@article{grimmer_text_2013, + title = {Text as {Data}: {The} {Promise} and {Pitfalls} of {Automatic} {Content} {Analysis} {Methods} for {Political} {Texts}}, + volume = {21}, + issn = {1047-1987}, + url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/text-as-data-the-promise-and-pitfalls-of-automatic-content-analysis-methods-for-political-texts/F7AAC8B2909441603FEB25C156448F20}, + doi = {10.1093/pan/mps028}, + abstract = {Politics and political conflict often occur in the written and spoken word. Scholars have long recognized this, but the massive costs of analyzing even moderately sized collections of texts have hindered their use in political science research. Here lies the promise of automated text analysis: it substantially reduces the costs of analyzing large collections of text. We provide a guide to this exciting new area of research and show how, in many instances, the methods have already obtained part of their promise. But there are pitfalls to using automated methods—they are no substitute for careful thought and close reading and require extensive and problem-specific validation. We survey a wide range of new methods, provide guidance on how to validate the output of the models, and clarify misconceptions and errors in the literature. To conclude, we argue that for automated text methods to become a standard tool for political scientists, methodologists must contribute new methods and new methods of validation.}, + number = {3}, + journal = {Political Analysis}, + author = {Grimmer, Justin and Stewart, Brandon M.}, + year = {2013}, + note = {Edition: 2017/01/04 +Publisher: Cambridge University Press}, + pages = {267--297}, +} + +@article{husson_principal_2010, + title = {Principal component methods-hierarchical clustering-partitional clustering: why would we need to choose for visualizing data}, + volume = {17}, + journal = {Applied Mathematics Department}, + author = {Husson, François and Josse, Julie and Pages, Jerome}, + year = {2010}, +} + +@book{kassambara_practical_2017, + title = {Practical guide to principal component methods in {R}: {PCA}, {M} ({CA}), {FAMD}, {MFA}, {HCPC}, factoextra}, + volume = {2}, + isbn = {1-975721-13-6}, + publisher = {Sthda}, + author = {Kassambara, Alboukadel}, + year = {2017}, +} + +@book{kassambara_practical_2017-1, + title = {Practical guide to cluster analysis in {R}: {Unsupervised} machine learning}, + volume = {1}, + isbn = {1-5424-6270-3}, + publisher = {Sthda}, + author = {Kassambara, Alboukadel}, + year = {2017}, +} + +@book{becue-bertaut_textual_2019, + title = {Textual data science with {R}}, + isbn = {1-351-81636-5}, + publisher = {CRC Press}, + author = {Bécue-Bertaut, Monica}, + year = {2019}, +} + +@article{le_factominer_2008, + title = {{FactoMineR}: {An} {R} {Package} for {Multivariate} {Analysis}}, + volume = {25}, + url = {https://www.jstatsoft.org/index.php/jss/article/view/v025i01}, + doi = {10.18637/jss.v025.i01}, + abstract = {In this article, we present \<b\>FactoMineR\</b\> an R package dedicated to multivariate data analysis. The main features of this package is the possibility to take into account different types of variables (quantitative or categorical), different types of structure on the data (a partition on the variables, a hierarchy on the variables, a partition on the individuals) and finally supplementary information (supplementary individuals and variables). Moreover, the dimensions issued from the different exploratory data analyses can be automatically described by quantitative and/or categorical variables. Numerous graphics are also available with various options. Finally, a graphical user interface is implemented within the \<b\>Rcmdr\</b\> environment in order to propose an user friendly package.}, + number = {1}, + urldate = {2022-09-06}, + journal = {Journal of Statistical Software}, + author = {Lê, Sébastien and Josse, Julie and Husson, François}, + month = mar, + year = {2008}, + note = {Section: Articles}, + pages = {1 -- 18}, +} + +@techreport{xlsx, + type = {manual}, + title = {xlsx: {Read}, write, format excel 2007 and excel 97/2000/{XP}/2003 files}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=xlsx}, + author = {Dragulescu, Adrian and Arendt, Cole}, + year = {2020}, + annote = {R package version 0.6.5}, +} + +@techreport{wordcloud, + type = {manual}, + title = {wordcloud: {Word} clouds}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=wordcloud}, + author = {Fellows, Ian}, + year = {2018}, + annote = {R package version 2.6}, +} + +@article{tidyverse, + title = {Welcome to the {\textless}span class="nocase"{\textgreater}tidyverse{\textless}/span{\textgreater}}, + volume = {4}, + doi = {10.21105/joss.01686}, + number = {43}, + journal = {Journal of Open Source Software}, + author = {Wickham, Hadley and Averick, Mara and Bryan, Jennifer and Chang, Winston and McGowan, Lucy D'Agostino and François, Romain and Grolemund, Garrett and Hayes, Alex and Henry, Lionel and Hester, Jim and Kuhn, Max and Pedersen, Thomas Lin and Miller, Evan and Bache, Stephan Milton and Müller, Kirill and Ooms, Jeroen and Robinson, David and Seidel, Dana Paige and Spinu, Vitalie and Takahashi, Kohske and Vaughan, Davis and Wilke, Claus and Woo, Kara and Yutani, Hiroaki}, + year = {2019}, + pages = {1686}, +} + +@techreport{udpipe, + type = {manual}, + title = {udpipe: {Tokenization}, parts of speech tagging, lemmatization and dependency parsing with the '{UDPipe}' '{NLP}' toolkit}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=udpipe}, + author = {Wijffels, Jan}, + year = {2022}, + annote = {R package version 0.8.9}, +} + +@article{tm2008, + title = {Text mining infrastructure in {R}}, + volume = {25}, + url = {https://www.jstatsoft.org/v25/i05/}, + number = {5}, + journal = {Journal of Statistical Software}, + author = {Feinerer, Ingo and Hornik, Kurt and Meyer, David}, + month = mar, + year = {2008}, + pages = {1--54}, +} + +@article{tidytext, + title = {tidytext: {Text} mining and analysis using tidy data principles in {R}}, + volume = {1}, + url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.21105/joss.00037}, + doi = {10.21105/joss.00037}, + number = {3}, + journal = {JOSS}, + author = {Silge, Julia and Robinson, David}, + year = {2016}, + note = {Publisher: The Open Journal}, +} + +@techreport{tm2020, + type = {manual}, + title = {tm: {Text} mining package}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tm}, + author = {Feinerer, Ingo and Hornik, Kurt}, + year = {2020}, + annote = {R package version 0.7-8}, +} + +@techreport{stopwords, + type = {manual}, + title = {stopwords: {Multilingual} stopword lists}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=stopwords}, + author = {Benoit, Kenneth and Muhr, David and Watanabe, Kohei}, + year = {2021}, + annote = {R package version 2.3}, +} + +@techreport{stmCorrViz, + type = {manual}, + title = {{stmCorrViz}: {A} tool for structural topic model visualizations}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=stmCorrViz}, + author = {Coppola, Antonio and Roberts, Margaret and Stewart, Brandon and Tingley, Dustin}, + year = {2016}, + annote = {R package version 1.3}, +} + +@techreport{spacyr, + type = {manual}, + title = {spacyr: {Wrapper} to the '{spaCy}' '{NLP}' library}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=spacyr}, + author = {Benoit, Kenneth and Matsuo, Akitaka}, + year = {2020}, + annote = {R package version 1.2.1}, +} + +@techreport{shiny, + type = {manual}, + title = {shiny: {Web} application framework for {R}}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=shiny}, + author = {Chang, Winston and Cheng, Joe and Allaire, JJ and Sievert, Carson and Schloerke, Barret and Xie, Yihui and Allen, Jeff and McPherson, Jonathan and Dipert, Alan and Borges, Barbara}, + year = {2022}, + annote = {R package version 1.7.2}, +} + +@book{rmarkdown2018, + address = {Boca Raton, Florida}, + title = {R markdown: {The} definitive guide}, + url = {https://bookdown.org/yihui/rmarkdown}, + publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC}, + author = {Xie, Yihui and Allaire, J.J. and Grolemund, Garrett}, + year = {2018}, + annote = {ISBN 9781138359338}, +} + +@techreport{rmarkdown2022, + type = {manual}, + title = {rmarkdown: {Dynamic} documents for {R}}, + url = {https://github.com/rstudio/rmarkdown}, + author = {Allaire, JJ and Xie, Yihui and McPherson, Jonathan and Luraschi, Javier and Ushey, Kevin and Atkins, Aron and Wickham, Hadley and Cheng, Joe and Chang, Winston and Iannone, Richard}, + year = {2022}, + annote = {R package version 2.15}, +} + +@book{rmarkdown2020, + address = {Boca Raton, Florida}, + title = {R markdown cookbook}, + url = {https://bookdown.org/yihui/rmarkdown-cookbook}, + publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC}, + author = {Xie, Yihui and Dervieux, Christophe and Riederer, Emily}, + year = {2020}, + annote = {ISBN 9780367563837}, +} + +@techreport{readtext, + type = {manual}, + title = {readtext: {Import} and handling for plain and formatted text files}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readtext}, + author = {Benoit, Kenneth and Obeng, Adam}, + year = {2021}, + annote = {R package version 0.81}, +} + +@techreport{RColorBrewer, + type = {manual}, + title = {{RColorBrewer}: {ColorBrewer} palettes}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RColorBrewer}, + author = {Neuwirth, Erich}, + year = {2022}, + annote = {R package version 1.1-3}, +} + +@techreport{openxlsx, + type = {manual}, + title = {openxlsx: {Read}, write and edit xlsx files}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=openxlsx}, + author = {Schauberger, Philipp and Walker, Alexander}, + year = {2021}, + annote = {R package version 4.2.5}, +} + +@incollection{knitr2014, + title = {knitr: {A} comprehensive tool for reproducible research in {R}}, + url = {http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466561595}, + booktitle = {Implementing reproducible computational research}, + publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC}, + author = {Xie, Yihui}, + editor = {Stodden, Victoria and Leisch, Friedrich and Peng, Roger D.}, + year = {2014}, + annote = {ISBN 978-1466561595}, +} + +@article{quanteda, + title = {quanteda: {An} {R} package for the quantitative analysis of textual data}, + volume = {3}, + url = {https://quanteda.io}, + doi = {10.21105/joss.00774}, + number = {30}, + journal = {Journal of Open Source Software}, + author = {Benoit, Kenneth and Watanabe, Kohei and Wang, Haiyan and Nulty, Paul and Obeng, Adam and Müller, Stefan and Matsuo, Akitaka}, + year = {2018}, + pages = {774}, +} + +@techreport{pdftools, + type = {manual}, + title = {pdftools: {Text} extraction, rendering and converting of {PDF} documents}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pdftools}, + author = {Ooms, Jeroen}, + year = {2022}, + annote = {R package version 3.3.0}, +} + +@book{knitr2015, + address = {Boca Raton, Florida}, + edition = {2}, + title = {Dynamic documents with {R} and knitr}, + url = {https://yihui.org/knitr/}, + publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC}, + author = {Xie, Yihui}, + year = {2015}, + annote = {ISBN 978-1498716963}, +} + +@article{igraph, + title = {The igraph software package for complex network research}, + volume = {Complex Systems}, + url = {https://igraph.org}, + journal = {InterJournal}, + author = {Csardi, Gabor and Nepusz, Tamas}, + year = {2006}, + pages = {1695}, +} + +@techreport{grateful, + type = {manual}, + title = {grateful: {Facilitate} citation of {R} packages}, + url = {https://github.com/Pakillo/grateful}, + author = {Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco and Jackson, Connor P. and Hutchins, Shaurita D.}, + year = {2022}, + annote = {R package version 0.1.5}, +} + +@techreport{ggwordcloud, + type = {manual}, + title = {ggwordcloud: {A} word cloud geom for 'ggplot2'}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggwordcloud}, + author = {Le Pennec, Erwan and Slowikowski, Kamil}, + year = {2019}, + annote = {R package version 0.5.0}, +} + +@techreport{ggpage, + type = {manual}, + title = {ggpage: {Creates} page layout visualizations}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggpage}, + author = {Hvitfeldt, Emil}, + year = {2019}, + annote = {R package version 0.2.3}, +} + +@techreport{knitr2022, + type = {manual}, + title = {knitr: {A} general-purpose package for dynamic report generation in {R}}, + url = {https://yihui.org/knitr/}, + author = {Xie, Yihui}, + year = {2022}, + annote = {R package version 1.39}, +} + +@techreport{furrr, + type = {manual}, + title = {furrr: {Apply} mapping functions in parallel using futures}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=furrr}, + author = {Vaughan, Davis and Dancho, Matt}, + year = {2022}, + annote = {R package version 0.3.1}, +} + +@techreport{Factoshiny, + type = {manual}, + title = {Factoshiny: {Perform} factorial analysis from '{FactoMineR}' with a shiny application}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=Factoshiny}, + author = {Vaissie, Pauline and Monge, Astrid and Husson, Francois}, + year = {2021}, + annote = {R package version 2.4}, +} + +@article{FactoMineR, + title = {{FactoMineR}: {A} package for multivariate analysis}, + volume = {25}, + doi = {10.18637/jss.v025.i01}, + number = {1}, + journal = {Journal of Statistical Software}, + author = {Lê, Sébastien and Josse, Julie and Husson, François}, + year = {2008}, + pages = {1--18}, +} + +@techreport{corrplot2021, + type = {manual}, + title = {R package 'corrplot': {Visualization} of a correlation matrix}, + url = {https://github.com/taiyun/corrplot}, + author = {Wei, Taiyun and Simko, Viliam}, + year = {2021}, + annote = {(Version 0.92)}, +} + +@article{RJ-2021-048, + title = {A unifying framework for parallel and distributed processing in {R} using futures}, + volume = {13}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2021-048}, + doi = {10.32614/RJ-2021-048}, + number = {2}, + journal = {The R Journal}, + author = {Bengtsson, Henrik}, + year = {2021}, + pages = {208--227}, +} + +@techreport{FactoInvestigate, + type = {manual}, + title = {{FactoInvestigate}: {Automatic} description of factorial analysis}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=FactoInvestigate}, + author = {Thuleau, Simon and Husson, Francois}, + year = {2022}, + annote = {R package version 1.8}, +} + +@techreport{factoextra, + type = {manual}, + title = {factoextra: {Extract} and visualize the results of multivariate data analyses}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=factoextra}, + author = {Kassambara, Alboukadel and Mundt, Fabian}, + year = {2020}, + annote = {R package version 1.0.7}, +} + +@techreport{datatable, + type = {manual}, + title = {data.table: {Extension} of `data.frame`}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=data.table}, + author = {Dowle, Matt and Srinivasan, Arun}, + year = {2021}, + annote = {R package version 1.14.2}, +} + +@techreport{cluster, + type = {manual}, + title = {cluster: {Cluster} analysis basics and extensions}, + url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=cluster}, + author = {Maechler, Martin and Rousseeuw, Peter and Struyf, Anja and Hubert, Mia and Hornik, Kurt}, + year = {2022}, + annote = {R package version 2.1.3 — For new features, see the 'Changelog' file (in the package source)}, +} + +@techreport{base, + address = {Vienna, Austria}, + type = {manual}, + title = {R: {A} language and environment for statistical computing}, + url = {https://www.R-project.org/}, + author = {{R Core Team}}, + year = {2022}, + note = {tex.organization: R Foundation for Statistical Computing}, +} + +@article{bhatia_discourse_1992, + title = {Discourse functions and pragmatics of mixing: {Advertising} across cultures}, + volume = {11}, + issn = {0883-2919}, + number = {2‐3}, + journal = {World Englishes}, + author = {Bhatia, Tej K}, + year = {1992}, + note = {Publisher: Wiley Online Library}, + pages = {195--215}, +} + +@book{biber_variation_1991, + title = {Variation across speech and writing}, + isbn = {0-521-42556-5}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + author = {Biber, Douglas}, + year = {1991}, +} + +@book{biber_variation_1988, + address = {Cambridge}, + title = {Variation across {Speech} and {Writing}}, + isbn = {978-0-521-42556-8}, + url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/variation-across-speech-and-writing/A546CF5ED8F8E62F1432CB2F369CF356}, + abstract = {Similarities and differences between speech and writing have been the subject of innumerable studies, but until now there has been no attempt to provide a unified linguistic analysis of the whole range of spoken and written registers in English. In this widely acclaimed empirical study, Douglas Biber uses computational techniques to analyse the linguistic characteristics of twenty three spoken and written genres, enabling identification of the basic, underlying dimensions of variation in English. In Variation Across Speech and Writing, six dimensions of variation are identified through a factor analysis, on the basis of linguistic co-occurence patterns. The resulting model of variation provides for the description of the distinctive linguistic characteristics of any spoken or written text andd emonstrates the ways in which the polarization of speech and writing has been misleading, and thus enables reconciliation of the contradictory conclusions reached in previous research.}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + author = {Biber, Douglas}, + year = {1988}, + doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511621024}, +} + +@inproceedings{holtz_nominalization_2009, + title = {Nominalization in scientific discourse: a corpus-based study of abstracts and research articles.}, + author = {Holtz, Mônica}, + year = {2009}, + pages = {341}, + file = {Holtz - Nominalisation in scientific discourse.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/6SY6TFEH/Holtz - Nominalisation in scientific discourse.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{biber_longman_1999, + title = {Longman grammar of spoken and written {English}}, + volume = {2}, + publisher = {Longman London}, + author = {Biber, Douglas and Johansson, Stig and Leech, Geoffrey and Conrad, Susan and Finegan, Edward and Quirk, Randolph}, + year = {1999}, +} + +@inproceedings{wang_semantic_2015, + title = {Semantic clustering and convolutional neural network for short text categorization}, + author = {Wang, Peng and Xu, Jiaming and Xu, Bo and Liu, Chenglin and Zhang, Heng and Wang, Fangyuan and Hao, Hongwei}, + year = {2015}, + pages = {352--357}, +} + +@article{kumar_document_2015, + title = {Document {Clustering} {Using} {Semantic} {Cliques} {Aggregation}}, + volume = {03}, + issn = {2327-5219, 2327-5227}, + url = {http://www.scirp.org/journal/doi.aspx?DOI=10.4236/jcc.2015.312004}, + doi = {10.4236/jcc.2015.312004}, + abstract = {The search engines are indispensable tools to find information amidst massive web pages and documents. A good search engine needs to retrieve information not only in a shorter time, but also relevant to the users’ queries. Most search engines provide short time retrieval to user queries; however, they provide a little guarantee of precision even to the highly detailed users’ queries. In such cases, documents clustering centered on the subject and contents might improve search results. This paper presents a novel method of document clustering, which uses semantic clique. First, we extracted the Features from the documents. Later, the associations between frequently co-occurring terms were defined, which were called as semantic cliques. Each connected component in the semantic clique represented a theme. The documents clustered based on the theme, for which we designed an aggregation algorithm. We evaluated the aggregation algorithm effectiveness using four kinds of datasets. The result showed that the semantic clique based document clustering algorithm performed significantly better than traditional clustering algorithms such as Principal Direction Divisive Partitioning (PDDP), k-means, Auto-Class, and Hierarchical Clustering (HAC). We found that the Semantic Clique Aggregation is a potential model to represent association rules in text and could be immensely useful for automatic document clustering.}, + language = {en}, + number = {12}, + urldate = {2022-08-23}, + journal = {Journal of Computer and Communications}, + author = {Kumar, Ajit and Chiang, I-Jen}, + year = {2015}, + pages = {28--40}, +} + +@article{rodriguez_clustering_2014, + title = {Clustering by fast search and find of density peaks}, + volume = {344}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1242072}, + doi = {10.1126/science.1242072}, + abstract = {Cluster analysis is used in many disciplines to group objects according to a defined measure of distance. Numerous algorithms exist, some based on the analysis of the local density of data points, and others on predefined probability distributions. Rodriguez and Laio devised a method in which the cluster centers are recognized as local density maxima that are far away from any points of higher density. The algorithm depends only on the relative densities rather than their absolute values. The authors tested the method on a series of data sets, and its performance compared favorably to that of established techniques. Science, this issue p. 1492 Local density of points is ranked and analyzed to categorize data. Cluster analysis is aimed at classifying elements into categories on the basis of their similarity. Its applications range from astronomy to bioinformatics, bibliometrics, and pattern recognition. We propose an approach based on the idea that cluster centers are characterized by a higher density than their neighbors and by a relatively large distance from points with higher densities. This idea forms the basis of a clustering procedure in which the number of clusters arises intuitively, outliers are automatically spotted and excluded from the analysis, and clusters are recognized regardless of their shape and of the dimensionality of the space in which they are embedded. We demonstrate the power of the algorithm on several test cases.}, + number = {6191}, + urldate = {2022-08-23}, + journal = {Science}, + author = {Rodriguez, Alex and Laio, Alessandro}, + month = jun, + year = {2014}, + note = {Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science}, + pages = {1492--1496}, + annote = {doi: 10.1126/science.1242072}, +} + +@article{lim_towards_2011, + title = {Towards {Semantic} {Clustering} – {A} {Brief} {Overview}}, + journal = {International Journal of Image Processing}, + author = {Lim, Phei-Chin and Kulathuramaiyer, Narayanan and Iskandar, Dayang}, + month = jan, + year = {2011}, +} + +@book{biber_corpus_1998, + title = {Corpus linguistics: {Investigating} language structure and use}, + isbn = {1-316-58256-6}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + author = {Biber, Douglas and Conrad, Susan and Reppen, Randi}, + year = {1998}, +} + +@article{roberts_stm_2019, + title = {stm: {An} {R} {Package} for {Structural} {Topic} {Models}}, + abstract = {This paper demonstrates how to use the R package stm for structural topic modeling. The structural topic model allows researchers to flexibly estimate a topic model that includes document-level metadata. Estimation is accomplished through a fast variational approximation. The stm package provides many useful features, including rich ways to explore topics, estimate uncertainty, and visualize quantities of interest.}, + language = {en}, + journal = {Journal of Statistical Software}, + author = {Roberts, Margaret E and Stewart, Brandon M and Tingley, Dustin}, + year = {2019}, + pages = {40}, +} + +@article{roberts_model_2016, + title = {A {Model} of {Text} for {Experimentation} in the {Social} {Sciences}}, + volume = {111}, + issn = {0162-1459, 1537-274X}, + url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01621459.2016.1141684}, + doi = {10.1080/01621459.2016.1141684}, + language = {en}, + number = {515}, + urldate = {2022-08-17}, + journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association}, + author = {Roberts, Margaret E. and Stewart, Brandon M. and Airoldi, Edoardo M.}, + month = jul, + year = {2016}, + pages = {988--1003}, + file = {Roberts et al. - 2016 - A Model of Text for Experimentation in the Social .pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/MUB9JKTR/Roberts et al. - 2016 - A Model of Text for Experimentation in the Social .pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@article{white_foucault_1973, + title = {Foucault decoded: {Notes} from underground}, + volume = {12}, + issn = {0018-2656}, + number = {1}, + journal = {History and Theory}, + author = {White, Hayden V}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Publisher: JSTOR}, + pages = {23--54}, +} + +@incollection{hicks_linguistic_2003, + address = {Cambridge}, + title = {The {Linguistic} {Turn}: {Foucault}, {Laclau}, {Mouffe}, and Žižek}, + isbn = {978-0-521-52620-3}, + url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/handbook-of-political-sociology/linguistic-turn-foucault-laclau-mouffe-and-zizek/B1D19C497888141A11A07794B37B7DF2}, + abstract = {Poststructuralist discourse theory is a tool for analyzing the more or less sedimented rules and meanings that condition the political construction of social, political, and cultural identity. It begins with the assertion that what exists only becomes intelligible when it is joined with a specific form which constitutes its identity. The formation of identity is not grounded in some metaphysical instance like God, Nature, Man, Reason, or the Iron Laws of Capitalism. Instead, discourse theory subscribes to an antiessentialist ontology, which is opposed to the idea of a self-determining center that structures society and defines identity while itself escaping the process of structuration. Hence it asserts that identity is constructed in and through a multiplicity of overlapping language games. Following Ludwig Wittgenstein (1959), language is conceived neither as a medium for the representation of an extralinguistic reality nor as a medium for the expression of our inner thoughts and emotions. Rather, it constitutes a rulebound system of meaning and action that conditions the ultimately political construction of identity.The emphasis on the constitutive role of language clearly indicates that discourse theory is a part of the linguistic turn in the social sciences. However, the point of discourse theory is neither to study how we actually speak and write nor to investigate the rules that we draw upon when speaking or writing. Discourse theory aims at a much broader analysis of the construction of discursive forms.}, + booktitle = {The {Handbook} of {Political} {Sociology}: {States}, {Civil} {Societies}, and {Globalization}}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + author = {Torfing, Jacob}, + editor = {Hicks, Alexander M. and Schwartz, Mildred A. and Alford, Robert R. and Janoski, Thomas}, + year = {2003}, + doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511818059.009}, + pages = {153--171}, +} + +@article{schweinberger_part--speech_2016, + title = {Part-{Of}-{Speech} {Tagging} with {R}}, + author = {Schweinberger, Martin}, + year = {2016}, + note = {Publisher: June}, +} + +@article{silge_tidytext_2016, + title = {tidytext: {Text} mining and analysis using tidy data principles in {R}}, + volume = {1}, + issn = {2475-9066}, + number = {3}, + journal = {Journal of Open Source Software}, + author = {Silge, Julia and Robinson, David}, + year = {2016}, + pages = {37}, +} + +@book{silge_text_2017, + title = {Text mining with {R}: {A} tidy approach}, + isbn = {1-4919-8162-8}, + publisher = {" O'Reilly Media, Inc."}, + author = {Silge, Julia and Robinson, David}, + year = {2017}, +} + +@book{gurusamy_preprocessing_2014, + title = {Preprocessing {Techniques} for {Text} {Mining}}, + author = {Gurusamy, Vairaprakash and Kannan, Subbu}, + month = oct, + year = {2014}, +} + +@article{cohen_interchange_2008, + title = {Interchange: the promise of digital history}, + volume = {95}, + issn = {0021-8723}, + number = {2}, + journal = {The Journal of American History}, + author = {Cohen, Daniel J and Frisch, Michael and Gallagher, Patrick and Mintz, Steven and Sword, Kirsten and Taylor, Amy Murrell and Thomas, William G and Turkel, William J}, + year = {2008}, + note = {Publisher: JSTOR}, + pages = {452--491}, +} + +@book{koselleck_historia_1997, + title = {Historia y hermenéutica}, + publisher = {Paidós}, + author = {Koselleck, Reinhart and Gadamer, Hans-Georg}, + year = {1997}, +} + +@book{koselleck_futures_2004, + title = {Futures past: on the semantics of historical time}, + isbn = {0-231-12771-5}, + publisher = {Columbia University Press}, + author = {Koselleck, Reinhart}, + year = {2004}, +} + +@article{silva_entre_2016, + title = {Entre el contextualismo de {Skinner} y los "{Perennial} problems": {Una} propuesta para interpretar a los clásicos}, + issn = {2389-9387, 0120-4688}, + shorttitle = {Entre el contextualismo de {Skinner} y los "{Perennial} problems"}, + url = {https://praxisfilosofica.univalle.edu.co/index.php/praxis/article/view/3159}, + doi = {10.25100/pfilosofica.v0i43.3159}, + abstract = {This paper proposes a methodological approach, hermeneutic, to interpret political writers of the past. The method here is formulated and explained in the last part of this work is called “dual approach significance of classical texts.” This is rooted in a debate about the valuable contribution and has had profound influence that the methodology for the interpretation of classical texts produced by Quentin Skinner, and its unwarranted criticism of other methodologies against which he raises his own orientation. Therefore, the approach proposed here is also indebted to the perspective of analysis to which Skinner faces radically.}, + language = {es}, + number = {43}, + urldate = {2021-12-11}, + journal = {Praxis Filosófica}, + author = {Silva, Rafael}, + month = oct, + year = {2016}, + pages = {155--183}, + file = {Silva - 2016 - Entre el contextualismo de Skinner y los Perennia.pdf:/Users/ilorenci/Zotero/storage/6XAR5EP7/Silva - 2016 - Entre el contextualismo de Skinner y los Perennia.pdf:application/pdf}, +} + +@book{palti_giro_1998, + address = {Bernal}, + title = {Giro {Lingüístico} e {Historia} {Intelectual}}, + isbn = {978-987-9173-23-7}, + publisher = {Universidad Nacional de Quilmes}, + author = {Palti, Elías José}, + year = {1998}, +} + +@article{skinner_meaning_1969, + title = {Meaning and {Understanding} in the {History} of {Ideas}}, + volume = {8}, + issn = {0018-2656}, + number = {1}, + journal = {History and theory}, + author = {Skinner, Quentin}, + year = {1969}, + note = {Publisher: JSTOR}, + pages = {3--53}, +} + +@book{tully_meaning_1988, + title = {Meaning and context: {Quentin} {Skinner} and his critics}, + isbn = {0-691-02301-8}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + author = {Tully, James}, + year = {1988}, +} + +@inproceedings{white_construccion_2005, + title = {Construcción histórica}, + isbn = {84-254-2425-9}, + publisher = {Herder}, + author = {White, Hayden}, + year = {2005}, + pages = {43--58}, +} + +@book{levi-strauss_savage_1966, + title = {The savage mind}, + isbn = {0-226-47484-4}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + author = {Levi-Strauss, Claude}, + year = {1966}, +} + +@article{megill_foucault_1979, + title = {Foucault, structuralism, and the ends of history}, + volume = {51}, + issn = {0022-2801}, + number = {3}, + journal = {The Journal of Modern History}, + author = {Megill, Allan}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Publisher: The University of Chicago Press}, + pages = {451--503}, +} + +@article{white_interpretation_1973, + title = {Interpretation in {History}}, + volume = {4}, + issn = {00286087, 1080661X}, + url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/468478}, + doi = {10.2307/468478}, + number = {2}, + urldate = {2022-06-08}, + journal = {New Literary History}, + author = {White, Hayden}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press}, + pages = {281--314}, +} + +@article{dvoskin_historia_2017, + title = {Historia de las ideas económicas}, + volume = {46}, + journal = {Realidad Económica}, + author = {Dvoskin, Nicolás}, + month = aug, + year = {2017}, + pages = {25--46}, +} + +@inproceedings{moran_new_2009, + title = {New foundations, the new philanthropy and sectoral ‘blending’in international development cooperation}, + publisher = {Australasian Political Studies Association conference Macquarie University …}, + author = {Moran, Michael}, + year = {2009}, +} + +@article{lambin_rise_2023, + title = {The rise of big philanthropy in global social policy: implications for policy transfer and analysis}, + volume = {52}, + issn = {0047-2794}, + number = {3}, + journal = {Journal of social policy}, + author = {Lambin, ROOSA and Surender, Rebecca}, + year = {2023}, + note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press}, + pages = {602--619}, +} + +@article{acs_democratic_2007, + title = {Democratic capitalism and philanthropy in a global economy}, + number = {2007-056}, + journal = {Jena Economic Research Paper}, + author = {Acs, Zoltan J and Desai, Sameeksha}, + year = {2007}, +} + +@article{bell_ford_1971-1, + title = {The {Ford} {Foundation} as a {Transnational} {Actor}}, + volume = {25}, + issn = {00208183, 15315088}, + url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706051}, + number = {3}, + urldate = {2024-02-27}, + journal = {International Organization}, + author = {Bell, Peter D.}, + year = {1971}, + note = {Publisher: [MIT Press, University of Wisconsin Press, Cambridge University Press, International Organization Foundation]}, + pages = {465--478}, +} + +@book{fejerskov_gates_2018, + title = {The {Gates} {Foundation}'s rise to power: private authority in global politics}, + isbn = {1-351-39279-4}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + author = {Fejerskov, Adam Moe}, + year = {2018}, +} + +@article{adam_political_2009, + title = {The political economy of development: an assessment}, + volume = {25}, + issn = {1460-2121}, + number = {2}, + journal = {Oxford Review of Economic Policy}, + author = {Adam, Christopher and Dercon, Stefan}, + year = {2009}, + note = {Publisher: Oxford University Press}, + pages = {173--189}, +} + +@article{moran_new_2016, + title = {The new philanthropy: {Private} power in international development policy?}, + issn = {113742723X}, + journal = {The Palgrave handbook of international development}, + author = {Moran, Michael and Stone, Diane}, + year = {2016}, + note = {Publisher: Springer}, + pages = {297--313}, +} diff --git a/submissions/469/_quarto.yml b/submissions/469/_quarto.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae6ece2 --- /dev/null +++ b/submissions/469/_quarto.yml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +project: + type: manuscript + +manuscript: + article: index.qmd + +format: + html: default diff --git a/submissions/469/images/Figure 1.Top_25_Contributors.png b/submissions/469/images/Figure 1.Top_25_Contributors.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9203be Binary files /dev/null and b/submissions/469/images/Figure 1.Top_25_Contributors.png differ diff --git a/submissions/469/images/Topics_DHCH.png b/submissions/469/images/Topics_DHCH.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d007cb4 Binary files /dev/null and b/submissions/469/images/Topics_DHCH.png differ diff --git a/submissions/469/images/noun_topics_gamma.png b/submissions/469/images/noun_topics_gamma.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0cdce10 Binary files /dev/null and b/submissions/469/images/noun_topics_gamma.png differ diff --git a/submissions/469/images/plot.expected.topic.proportions.png b/submissions/469/images/plot.expected.topic.proportions.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8439a06 Binary files /dev/null and b/submissions/469/images/plot.expected.topic.proportions.png differ diff --git a/submissions/469/index.qmd b/submissions/469/index.qmd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e7ffbd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/submissions/469/index.qmd @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +--- +submission_id: 469 +categories: 'Session 7B' +title: Develop Yourself! Development according to the Rockefeller Foundation (1913 – 2013) +author: + - name: Iván Lorenci de Francisco + orcid: 0000-0001-7005-802X + email: edu.ildf@icloud.com + affiliations: + - University of Geneva +bibliography: Master_thesis_ILDF.bib +keywords: + - Digital History + - Structural Topic Modelling + - HCPC + - Rockefeller Foundation + - Development +other-links: + - text: GitHub Repository + href: https://github.com/ivanldf13/Master-thesis- +key-points: + - The analysis demonstrated that the Foundation's concept of development evolved significantly, incorporating layers such as economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects over time. + - The STM efficiently captured the temporal dynamics undergone by the Foundation's development concept. + - The study highlighted the critical importance of combining advanced digital methodologies with traditional hermeneutical analysis and bibliographical review to fully understand the nuanced development concepts and the shifting roles of political actors and self-help mentalities. + +abstract: | + This paper aims to analyse the evolution of the development concept throughout the Rockefeller Foundation’s first century of existence, utilising its annual reports. Drawing inspiration from Moretti & Pestre’s influential working paper – Banskpeak – our methodology consists of a two-fold approach. Firstly, we conducted a quantitative language analysis of the language employed in the Rockefeller Foundation’s annual reports. Here, using R we did a Structural Topic Modelling. Secondly, building upon the outcomes of this initial quantitative analysis, we delved into the activities and institutions in which the Foundation was involved to reconstruct its evolving development concept. This approach allowed us to observe how the meaning of development evolved, accumulating new connotations over time. + + We started our analysis at the beginning of the 20th century because – even though the development concept was not formally coined until 1949 – the Foundation was already involved in development activities and institutions before that date. Furthermore, this actor had a set of ideas from the beginning of its activities that continued to influence its actions even after the formalisation of the development concept. In this sense, we explored the significance of the self-help ethic and market-oriented mentality in other spheres of development. + + Consequently, we demonstrated that self-help had consistently played a pivotal role in the Foundation’s development strategy since the Foundation’s inception. Furthermore, we scrutinised the roles ascribed by the Foundation to various actors in the development process. While the Foundation initially regarded the State as the primary actor in development, by the study period’s end, new participants such as private companies, communities, and individuals had become integral to this process. All the necessary data and scripts to reproduce this presentation can be found [here](https://github.com/ivanldf13/Master-thesis-). +--- + +# Introduction + +In our presentation, we will explore how Digital Humanities tools can be used to analyse the concept of development from a historiographical perspective. We will begin with a brief introduction to the topic, followed by an overview of our primary sources. The core of our presentation will focus on the methodology, where we will justify our choice of Structural Topic Modelling over other techniques like Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components. Finally, we will present the results of our analysis and some remarks. + +The concept of development — and its practical implications — has been controversial since its inception, both in academia and the political arena. Created in the post-WWII period as a universal goal, it soon met opposition, especially in 'underdeveloped' countries that had little say in the development policies imposed on them. Consequently, the concept has undergone continuous redefinition.[@sachs_archaeology_2008] + +From the outset, governmental and non-governmental actors have been involved in the development process. Among the non-state actors, philanthropic foundations are particularly significant. However, despite their importance, the way these foundations conceptualize development has received less academic attention than other aspects of their activities. This is true for the Rockefeller Foundation,[^2] a key player in international public health, [@birn_rockefeller_2013] global food and agriculture policies, [@smith_imaginaries_2009] the development of various academic disciplines, [@tournes_fondation_2007; @fisher_role_1983; @fisher_rockfeller_1999; @schneider_role_1999] and the configuration of the international order after WWII. [@tournes_rockefeller_2014] + +[^2]: From now on referred to as the Foundation + +# Primary sources + +We chose as primary sources the Foundation’s Annual Reports for two reasons. The first one is quantitative. The Annual Reports were published annually from 1915 to 2016, with the 1913 and 1914 reports issued jointly in 1915. With this extensive temporal coverage, the Foundation lends itself as an excellent observatory to study the evolution of the concept of development before and after the emergence of this concept. + +The second reason is qualitative. The main objective of annual reports is to communicate the activities of the Foundation, its financial operations, its priorities, its vision of the issues it faces, and a self-assessment of its own actions in the past and those to be adopted in the future. Although the structure of the annual reports has changed over time, the content has remained stable. The Foundation presents with them a summary of its activities but also presents a narrative that seeks to communicate the reasoning and justification behind the Foundation’s activities. In this sense, the annual reports are a showcase in which the Foundation displays, promotes and justifies its values. + +Moreover, since these reports are public, they serve two functions. The first is purely functional. The reports inform the reader of the Foundation’s activities, its financial state, and other relevant details. The second function is symbolic. As Peter Goldmark Jr. (president of the Foundation from 1988 to 1997) noted, philanthropic foundations lack the three disciplines American life has: the test of the markets, the test of the elections and the press that analyses every move. [@rockefeller_foundation_annual_1998, pp. 3] Therefore, the Foundation uses the annual reports as a form of self-evaluation, as a way to make itself accountable to the public and to offer a promotion and justification of the values that guide its activities. [@rockefeller_foundation_annual_1955, pp. 3] + + +# Methodology and its twists and turns + +Confronted with the enormous amount of reports to be analysed and inspired by the working paper “Bankspeak” by Moretti and Pestre, [@moretti_bankspeak_2015] we undertook a quantitative analysis of the language used in this reports. Then, guided by the results of this analysis we interpreted the activities and institutions in which the Foundation was involved to reconstruct the evolution of its concept of development. + + +We began our quantitative analysis by importing the PDF reports into R using the ‘tidy’ principle [@silge_tidytext_2016, pp.1] and then performing the necessary text cleaning to reduce the size of the corpus. This increased the efficiency and effectiveness of the analysis.[@gurusamy_preprocessing_2014] We then proceeded with the analysis itself. + + +Initially, we employed basic text analysis techniques, namely counting the most frequent words per year and per period and using the TF-IDF. These techniques yielded promising results but were insufficient. Although the Foundation had the same objective throughout the period – “*to promote the well-being of mankind throughout the world*” – ,[@rockefeller_foundation_annual_1915, pp.7; @rockefeller_foundation_annual_1964, pp.3; @rockefeller_foundation_annual_2014, pp.3] it used different words in absolute and relative terms to describe and justify its activities. + + +However, in terms of visualisation, precision and displaying temporal dynamics, the capabilities of these two techniques are worse than those of Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components (HCPC) and Structural Topic Modelling (STM). Moreover, the former techniques are unable to create clusters and topics, unlike the latter two. + + +We continued with the HCPC, using only nouns, as this part of speech is the most suitable for analysing topics.[@suh_socialterm-extractor_2019, pp.2] This technique confirmed the findings of the absolute frequency analysis and the TF-IDF. That is, there is structure in the use of words by the Foundation, as reflected both in the biplot created by the Correspondence Analysis (CA) necessary to perform the HCPC and in the final clusters. In the biplot in @fig-1.top25, the documents are organised in a temporal manner and, being together with each other, this indicates that they favour and avoid the same words regardless of the number of words in each document.[@becue-bertaut_textual_2019, pp.18-19] Specifically, we observed that the Foundation used more frequently terms such as ‘infection’ or ‘hookworm’ and less frequently terms such as ‘resilience’ or ‘climate’ at the beginning of the period. Furthermore, when clustering after the CA and analysing the words contained in each cluster, it is observed that the Foundation, over time, diversifies the topics in which it engages, following a chronological trend. However, the visualisation of the clusters does not significantly enhance our understanding of the matter. + +![Top 25 contributors to the two first dimensions](images/Figure%201.Top_25_Contributors.png){#fig-1.top25} + +Despite offering us greater certainty regarding the temporal structure of the language used, the HCPC does not possess the precision of the next technique we employed: the Structural Topic Modelling with temporal metadata. In a CA with two dimensions, the closer a word, report, or cluster is to the origin of coordinates, the lower its explanatory power, as it represents a smaller percentage of the variance. In our case, there is one cluster almost at the origin of coordinates and two others not far from the central values of one or the other dimension. + +Next, we employed the STM using also only nouns. As a topic modelling technique, the STM seeks to discover latent topics assumed to be generated by the corpus to be analysed, and the researcher must define the number of topics. Since there is no ‘correct’ number of topics for a corpus, we followed Roberts et al.’s methodology.[-@roberts_structural_2014] Thus, we quantitatively measured semantic coherence[^3] and topic exclusivity[^4] by standardising these scores and choosing a number of topics that balances them well. + +[^3]: Words more likely to appear in a topic are more likely to appear together within documents +[^4]: Words more likely to appear in one topic are less likely to appear in another + +![Table with the topical content](images/Topics_DHCH.png){#tbl-topics} + +Once we chose the number of topics, we obtained two lists of nouns associated with each topic, as shown in @tbl-topics. One list groups the nouns most likely to appear in each topic (Highest Prob list), while the other groups those that are frequent and exclusive (FREX list). These lists allow us to discover the central topics without our prior biases. We then named each topic using both lists and analysed the most representative reports for each topic. Therefore, this approach is a mixture of the methods suggested by Roberts et al.[-@roberts_structural_2014, pp.1068] and Grajzl & Murrell.[-@grajzl_toward_2019, pp.10] + +![Topical prevalence of the topics correlated with time](images/plot.expected.topic.proportions.png){#fig-topical_prev} + +Subsequently, we calculated the frequency of each topic in our corpus, as shown in @fig-topical_prev, and deduced the importance of each topic for the Foundation's promotion of development. + +![Topics and their correlation with time metadata](images/noun_topics_gamma.png){#fig-top_corr_time} + +Furthermore, by using STM with temporal metadata, we identified which topics the Foundation addressed in its annual reports and their statistical relation to time. This approach enabled us to observe how the frequency of particular topics changed over time. The distribution of these topics over time is illustrated in @fig-top_corr_time. + + +Finally, using the Highest Prob and FREX lists @tbl-topics, and the most prominent reports of each topic, we examined the activities and institutions in which the Foundation was involved to reconstruct the development concept and the ideas underpinning it. + +# Results and conclusion + +This approach provided an innovative way to understand the main topics in which the Foundation was involved in its promotion of development. Despite having the ultimate goal “to promote well-being of mankind throughout the world”, before the coining of the concept of development, the Foundation was already engaged in activities later considered development-related. These activities were strongly influenced by the political, epistemic, and economic context. Thus, we observed how the first layer of meaning of development – health – was gradually joined by economic, social, cultural, and finally, environmental layers. + +However, this methodology proved inefficient in analysing the role of the self-help mentality and the market-oriented mentality. To address this, we had to perform a close reading to conclude the centrality of both in the Foundation's thinking, especially in the 21st century. Indeed, throughout its existence, the Foundation sought to ensure that the actors it helped to develop became autonomous agents who could solve their problems without recourse to third parties. Furthermore, we observed how the importance of these actors in the development process also changed over time. At the beginning of the period, the Foundation conceived of the State as the primary catalyst for development. By the end of the period, it advocated development involving the State, private enterprise, civil society, and individuals. As the State’s credibility as a guarantor of rights and provider of welfare-related services wanes, the Foundation encourages individuals to find their own means to cope with the risks present in contemporary society without waiting for help from the State. + +This limitation of STM revealed the importance of working hypotheses created through a sound bibliographical review and the hermeneutical work of the historian, despite the use of new methodologies. It was only through the insights gained from the bibliographical review that we anticipated a change in the role of different political actors in the development arena and recognised the significance of the self-help and market-oriented mentality in the Foundation’s development concept. When interpreting the STM results, we found that we could not answer these questions solely with the digital tools. Consequently, we had to conduct a close reading to address these issues, highlighting the critical role of hermeneutical work both in analysing the results of Digital Humanities tools and in the close reading exercise. \ No newline at end of file