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<p>MVP模式是从MVC模式演化过来的，MVC模式在业界内有广泛的应用，这里简单介绍下MVC模式。</p>
<ul>
<li>M (Model) 代表数据访问层</li>
<li>V (View) 代表用户界面</li>
<li>C (Controller) 代表控制逻辑</li>
</ul>
<a id="more"></a>
<p>在MVC中，Controller接受View来的指令，操作Model作出改变，Model改变后通知View数据改变，View层读取Model数据刷新UI视觉。<br>对于Android程序而言，Activity可以认为是Controller层，Xml文件配置的界面为View层，由于Andorid中View层能够做的工作实在有限，大量的工作放在了Activity层，这样就使得Activity非常的臃肿，改动起来很麻烦，所以MVC模式在Android中应用起来显得的力不从心，MVP应运而生。</p>
<h3 id="MVP模式"><a href="#MVP模式" class="headerlink" title="MVP模式"></a>MVP模式</h3><p>MVP模式中P(Presenter)负责控制View和Model之间的交互，是M和V的桥梁。下图是MVC模式和MVP模式的对比，从图中可以看出，MVP模式中，Model和View必须通过Presenter进行交互，不能直接交互。Presenter和View的交互也不是通过直接引用来操作的，而是通过定义而好的接口进行交互，理想情况下，View层视觉改变不会引起Presenter层改变，达到重用的效果。</p>
<p><img src="http://www.jcodecraeer.com/uploads/20150313/1426239008578777.png" alt="mvpvsmvc"></p>
<p>MVP模式应用到Android系统中，M层的含义依旧不变，V层变为Activity和Fragment，负责和用户交互，P层为抽象层，负责操作M层，并根据M层的结果来操作V层。</p>
<h3 id="MVP结构"><a href="#MVP结构" class="headerlink" title="MVP结构"></a>MVP结构</h3><p>参考Google的例子<a href="https://github.com/googlesamples/android-architecture" target="_blank" rel="external">android-architecture</a>，最基本的MVP的结构如下。<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div><div class="line">42</div><div class="line">43</div><div class="line">44</div><div class="line">45</div><div class="line">46</div><div class="line">47</div><div class="line">48</div><div class="line">49</div><div class="line">50</div><div class="line">51</div><div class="line">52</div><div class="line">53</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">public interface BaseView<T> {</div><div class="line"> void setPresenter(T presenter);</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">public interface BasePresenter {</div><div class="line"> void start();</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">public interface LoginContract {</div><div class="line"> interface View extends BaseView<Presenter> {</div><div class="line"> void showMainView();</div><div class="line"> void showLoginFailView(int code);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> interface Presenter extends BasePresenter{</div><div class="line"> void login(String user,String pass);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> interface Model {</div><div class="line"> void doLogin(String user,String pass,Callback callback);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">public LoginActivity extends Activity implement LoginContract.View{</div><div class="line"> private Presenter presenter;</div><div class="line"> void setPresenter(Presenter p) {</div><div class="line"> this.presenter = p;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> btnLogin.setOnClickListener((v) -> presenter.login(user,pass));</div><div class="line"> public void showMainView() {</div><div class="line"> Intent intent = new Intent(this,MainActivity.class);</div><div class="line"> startActivity(intent);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> public void showLoginFailView(int code) {</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">public LoginPresenter implement LoginContract.Presenter {</div><div class="line"> LoginContract.View view;</div><div class="line"> LoginContract.Model model;</div><div class="line"> void login(String user,String pass) {</div><div class="line"> //处理登录逻辑</div><div class="line"> model.doLogin(user,pass,new Callback() {</div><div class="line"> void onSuccess() {</div><div class="line"> view.showMainView();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> void onError(int code,String msg) {</div><div class="line"> view.showLoginFailView(code);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> });</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>为了统一整个程序的编码风格，一般会定义BaseView和BasePresenter，实际的View和Presenter继承BaseView和BasePresenter，在BaseView和BasePresenter中可以定义一系列公共的操作函数。写实际业务流程的时候可以定义一个Contract，Contract中定义了View和Presenter交互的接口以及Presenter和Model的交互接口。这样可以让程序结构看起来更清晰，同时也统一了Presenter和View的名字。</p>
<p>在上面的Demo中，LoginActivity接收来自用户的操作，用户点击登录，则会调用LoginPresenter进行处理，LoginActivity不用关心怎么去处理，只负责发送指令和显示。LoginPresenter登录前可以做参数校验等，如果没有问题则调用LoginModel去进行登录，根据LoginModel返回的结果去操作LoginView，整个登录流程完成。</p>
<h3 id="nucleus库"><a href="#nucleus库" class="headerlink" title="nucleus库"></a>nucleus库</h3><p>根据上面的Demo可以写出符合MVP模式的代码,但是每次都自己手动生成Presenter，然后将View的设置进Presenter会显得相当麻烦，更重要的是Presenter持有Acitivity的引用，一旦Presenter中涉及到异步回调操作View，就会有Activity泄露的风险，需要手动管理Presenter的生命周期。如果每次都得自己手动管理Presenter，会显得更繁琐。<a href="https://github.com/konmik/nucleus" target="_blank" rel="external">nucleus库</a>很好的解决了MVP模式中的这些问题，下图为nucleus库的类图。</p>
<p><img src="http://7xntab.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/image/program/nucleus.png" alt="nucleus"></p>
<p>Presenter中定义了一系列声明周期相关的接口，映射Activity的声明周期。NucleusActiviy作为View层并没有直接的创建和管理Presenter，而是通过代理类PresenterLifecycleDelegate去创建和管理其生命周期。NucleusActivity将默认的PrsenterFactory传递给PresenterLifecycleDelegate，在需要创建Presenter的时候，通过工厂方法创建Presenter。Presenter通过单例PresenterStorage来进行存储，独立于Activity之外，达到复用的目的，在Activity onPause的时候，Presenter会移除自己内部的View引用，防止出现内存泄露，在Activity onDestroy的时候，Presenter会将自己从PresenterStorage中移除。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">//注释接口</div><div class="line">@Inherited</div><div class="line">@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)</div><div class="line">public @interface RequiresPresenter {</div><div class="line"> Class<? extends Presenter> value();</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">//根据注释创建构造Prsenter的工厂</div><div class="line">@Nullable</div><div class="line">public static <P extends Presenter> ReflectionPresenterFactory<P> fromViewClass(Class<?> viewClass) {</div><div class="line"> RequiresPresenter annotation = viewClass.getAnnotation(RequiresPresenter.class);</div><div class="line"> //noinspection unchecked</div><div class="line"> Class<P> presenterClass = annotation == null ? null : (Class<P>)annotation.value();</div><div class="line"> return presenterClass == null ? null : new ReflectionPresenterFactory<>(presenterClass);</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">public ReflectionPresenterFactory(Class<P> presenterClass) {</div><div class="line"> this.presenterClass = presenterClass;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line">//通过反射创建Presenter</div><div class="line">@Override</div><div class="line">public P createPresenter() {</div><div class="line"> try {</div><div class="line"> return presenterClass.newInstance();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> catch (Exception e) {</div><div class="line"> throw new RuntimeException(e);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="基于nucleus的MVP模式"><a href="#基于nucleus的MVP模式" class="headerlink" title="基于nucleus的MVP模式"></a>基于nucleus的MVP模式</h3><ul>
<li><p>定义Contract<br>这里Contract的意义和第一个LoginContract的意义是一样，对各层之间的交互使用接口进行隔离。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">public interface IDemoContract {</div><div class="line"> interface IPresenter {</div><div class="line"> void perforAction();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> interface IView {</div><div class="line"> void showSuccessMessage();</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> void showFailedMessage();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>实现Presenter<br>为了借助nucleus库帮助我们自动创建和管理Presenter，需要继承库中的Presenter，为了和View层交互，要实现Contract中的Presenter，同时为了隔离Activity中的函数，泛型参数传入IView。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">public class DemoPresenter extends Presenter<IDemoContract.IView> implements IDemoContract.IPresenter {</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> public void perforAction() {</div><div class="line"> //处理业务逻辑</div><div class="line"> //...</div><div class="line"> //view层展示</div><div class="line"> IDemoContract.IView view = getView();</div><div class="line"> if (view != null) {</div><div class="line"> view.showSuccessMessage();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>实现View<br>自动创建和管理Presenter同时也需要Activity继承自NucleusActivity，并在Activity类上添加注释@RequiresPresenter(Presenter.class)。并在Activity中实现View的接口。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div><div class="line">42</div><div class="line">43</div><div class="line">44</div><div class="line">45</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">@RequiresPresenter(DemoPresenter.class)</div><div class="line">public class DemoActivity extends NSIBaseActivity<DemoPresenter> implements IDemoContract.IView {</div><div class="line"> private Button btnTestMvp;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {</div><div class="line"> super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);</div><div class="line"> setContentView(R.layout.activity_mvp_demo);</div><div class="line"> bindViews(null);</div><div class="line"> setListener();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> protected void bindViews(View view) {</div><div class="line"> btnTestMvp = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_test_mvp);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> protected void setListener() {</div><div class="line"> btnTestMvp.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {</div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> public void onClick(View v) {</div><div class="line"> DemoPresenter presenter = getPresenter();</div><div class="line"> if (presenter != null) {</div><div class="line"> presenter.perforAction();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> });</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> protected void initData() {</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> public void showSuccessMessage() {</div><div class="line"> showShortToast("Action success");</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> public void showFailedMessage() {</div><div class="line"> showShortToast("Action Failed");</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="自动化测试"><a href="#自动化测试" class="headerlink" title="自动化测试"></a>自动化测试</h3><p>由于Presenter通过View接口对Activity进行了隔离，Presenter中的代码是Android无关的，自动化测试起来会很方便。<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">public class MvpDemoPresenterTest {</div><div class="line"> @Test</div><div class="line"> public void test_perform_action() {</div><div class="line"> IDemoContract.IView view = Mockito.mock(IDemoContract.IView.class);</div><div class="line"> DemoPresenter presenter = new DemoPresenter();</div><div class="line"> presenter.takeView(view);</div><div class="line"> presenter.perforAction();</div><div class="line"> Mockito.verify(view).showSuccessMessage();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h3 id="优点"><a href="#优点" class="headerlink" title="优点"></a>优点</h3><ul>
<li>接口隔离，容易复用</li>
<li>便于自动化测试</li>
<li>耦合度低</li>
<li>交互清晰<h3 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h3><a href="https://github.com/googlesamples/android-architecture" target="_blank" rel="external">Android Architecture Blueprints</a><br><a href="https://github.com/konmik/konmik.github.io/wiki/Introduction-to-Model-View-Presenter-on-Android" target="_blank" rel="external">Introduction to Model View Presenter on Android</a><br><a href="https://github.com/android10/Android-CleanArchitecture" target="_blank" rel="external">Android Clean Architecture</a><br><a href="http://frodoking.github.io/2015/02/01/android-mvc-mvp-analysis/" target="_blank" rel="external">MVC和MVP在app中的对比分析以及实际应用</a></li>
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<div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#MVP模式"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">MVP模式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#MVP结构"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">MVP结构</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#nucleus库"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">nucleus库</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#基于nucleus的MVP模式"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">基于nucleus的MVP模式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#自动化测试"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">自动化测试</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#优点"><span class="nav-number">6.</span> <span class="nav-text">优点</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#参考"><span class="nav-number">7.</span> <span class="nav-text">参考</span></a></li></ol></div>
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