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2349. 设计数字容器系统

English Version

题目描述

设计一个数字容器系统，可以实现以下功能：

在系统中给定下标处插入或者替换一个数字。
返回系统中给定数字的最小下标。

请你实现一个 NumberContainers 类：

NumberContainers() 初始化数字容器系统。
void change(int index, int number) 在下标 index 处填入 number 。如果该下标 index 处已经有数字了，那么用 number 替换该数字。
int find(int number) 返回给定数字 number 在系统中的最小下标。如果系统中没有 number ，那么返回 -1 。

示例：

输入：
["NumberContainers", "find", "change", "change", "change", "change", "find", "change", "find"]
[[], [10], [2, 10], [1, 10], [3, 10], [5, 10], [10], [1, 20], [10]]
输出：
[null, -1, null, null, null, null, 1, null, 2]

解释：
NumberContainers nc = new NumberContainers();
nc.find(10); // 没有数字 10 ，所以返回 -1 。
nc.change(2, 10); // 容器中下标为 2 处填入数字 10 。
nc.change(1, 10); // 容器中下标为 1 处填入数字 10 。
nc.change(3, 10); // 容器中下标为 3 处填入数字 10 。
nc.change(5, 10); // 容器中下标为 5 处填入数字 10 。
nc.find(10); // 数字 10 所在的下标为 1 ，2 ，3 和 5 。因为最小下标为 1 ，所以返回 1 。
nc.change(1, 20); // 容器中下标为 1 处填入数字 20 。注意，下标 1 处之前为 10 ，现在被替换为 20 。
nc.find(10); // 数字 10 所在下标为 2 ，3 和 5 。最小下标为 2 ，所以返回 2 。

提示：

1 <= index, number <= 10⁹
调用 change 和 find 的 总次数 不超过 10⁵ 次。

解法

方法一：哈希表 + 有序集合

我们用一个哈希表 $d$ 记录下标和数字的映射关系，用一个哈希表 $g$ 记录每个数字对应的下标集合，这里我们可以使用有序集合来存储下标，这样我们就可以方便地找到最小下标。

调用 change 方法时，我们先判断下标是否已经存在，如果存在，我们就将原来的数字从对应的下标集合中删除，然后将新的数字添加到对应的下标集合中。时间复杂度 $O(\log n)$。

调用 find 方法时，我们直接返回对应数字的下标集合的第一个元素即可。时间复杂度 $O(1)$。

空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 为数字的个数。

Python3

class NumberContainers:

    def __init__(self):
        self.d = {}
        self.g = defaultdict(SortedSet)

    def change(self, index: int, number: int) -> None:
        if index in self.d:
            old_number = self.d[index]
            self.g[old_number].remove(index)
        self.d[index] = number
        self.g[number].add(index)

    def find(self, number: int) -> int:
        ids = self.g[number]
        return ids[0] if ids else -1


# Your NumberContainers object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = NumberContainers()
# obj.change(index,number)
# param_2 = obj.find(number)

Java

class NumberContainers {
    private Map<Integer, Integer> d = new HashMap<>();
    private Map<Integer, TreeSet<Integer>> g = new HashMap<>();

    public NumberContainers() {
    }

    public void change(int index, int number) {
        if (d.containsKey(index)) {
            int oldNumber = d.get(index);
            g.get(oldNumber).remove(index);
        }
        d.put(index, number);
        g.computeIfAbsent(number, k -> new TreeSet<>()).add(index);
    }

    public int find(int number) {
        var ids = g.get(number);
        return ids == null || ids.isEmpty() ? -1 : ids.first();
    }
}

/**
 * Your NumberContainers object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * NumberContainers obj = new NumberContainers();
 * obj.change(index,number);
 * int param_2 = obj.find(number);
 */

C++

class NumberContainers {
public:
    NumberContainers() {
    }

    void change(int index, int number) {
        if (d.contains(index)) {
            int oldNumber = d[index];
            g[oldNumber].erase(index);
            if (g[oldNumber].empty()) {
                g.erase(oldNumber);
            }
        }
        d[index] = number;
        g[number].insert(index);
    }

    int find(int number) {
        return g.contains(number) ? *g[number].begin() : -1;
    }

private:
    unordered_map<int, int> d;
    unordered_map<int, set<int>> g;
};

/**
 * Your NumberContainers object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * NumberContainers* obj = new NumberContainers();
 * obj->change(index,number);
 * int param_2 = obj->find(number);
 */

Go

type NumberContainers struct {
	d map[int]int
	g map[int]*redblacktree.Tree
}

func Constructor() NumberContainers {
	return NumberContainers{map[int]int{}, map[int]*redblacktree.Tree{}}
}

func (this *NumberContainers) Change(index int, number int) {
	if oldNumber, ok := this.d[index]; ok {
		this.g[oldNumber].Remove(index)
	}
	this.d[index] = number
	if _, ok := this.g[number]; !ok {
		this.g[number] = redblacktree.NewWithIntComparator()
	}
	this.g[number].Put(index, nil)
}

func (this *NumberContainers) Find(number int) int {
	if ids, ok := this.g[number]; ok && ids.Size() > 0 {
		return ids.Left().Key.(int)
	}
	return -1
}

/**
 * Your NumberContainers object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * obj := Constructor();
 * obj.Change(index,number);
 * param_2 := obj.Find(number);
 */

TypeScript

class NumberContainers {
    private d = new Map<number, number>();
    private g = new Map<number, TreeSet<number>>();
    constructor() {}

    change(index: number, number: number): void {
        if (this.d.has(index)) {
            const oldNumber = this.d.get(index)!;
            this.g.get(oldNumber)!.delete(index);
            if (!this.g.get(oldNumber)!.size()) {
                this.g.delete(oldNumber);
            }
        }
        this.d.set(index, number);
        if (!this.g.has(number)) {
            this.g.set(number, new TreeSet());
        }
        this.g.get(number)!.add(index);
    }

    find(number: number): number {
        return this.g.has(number) ? this.g.get(number)!.first()! : -1;
    }
}

type Compare<T> = (lhs: T, rhs: T) => number;

class RBTreeNode<T = number> {
    data: T;
    count: number;
    left: RBTreeNode<T> | null;
    right: RBTreeNode<T> | null;
    parent: RBTreeNode<T> | null;
    color: number;
    constructor(data: T) {
        this.data = data;
        this.left = this.right = this.parent = null;
        this.color = 0;
        this.count = 1;
    }

    sibling(): RBTreeNode<T> | null {
        if (!this.parent) return null; // sibling null if no parent
        return this.isOnLeft() ? this.parent.right : this.parent.left;
    }

    isOnLeft(): boolean {
        return this === this.parent!.left;
    }

    hasRedChild(): boolean {
        return (
            Boolean(this.left && this.left.color === 0) ||
            Boolean(this.right && this.right.color === 0)
        );
    }
}

class RBTree<T> {
    root: RBTreeNode<T> | null;
    lt: (l: T, r: T) => boolean;
    constructor(compare: Compare<T> = (l: T, r: T) => (l < r ? -1 : l > r ? 1 : 0)) {
        this.root = null;
        this.lt = (l: T, r: T) => compare(l, r) < 0;
    }

    rotateLeft(pt: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
        const right = pt.right!;
        pt.right = right.left;

        if (pt.right) pt.right.parent = pt;
        right.parent = pt.parent;

        if (!pt.parent) this.root = right;
        else if (pt === pt.parent.left) pt.parent.left = right;
        else pt.parent.right = right;

        right.left = pt;
        pt.parent = right;
    }

    rotateRight(pt: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
        const left = pt.left!;
        pt.left = left.right;

        if (pt.left) pt.left.parent = pt;
        left.parent = pt.parent;

        if (!pt.parent) this.root = left;
        else if (pt === pt.parent.left) pt.parent.left = left;
        else pt.parent.right = left;

        left.right = pt;
        pt.parent = left;
    }

    swapColor(p1: RBTreeNode<T>, p2: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
        const tmp = p1.color;
        p1.color = p2.color;
        p2.color = tmp;
    }

    swapData(p1: RBTreeNode<T>, p2: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
        const tmp = p1.data;
        p1.data = p2.data;
        p2.data = tmp;
    }

    fixAfterInsert(pt: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
        let parent = null;
        let grandParent = null;

        while (pt !== this.root && pt.color !== 1 && pt.parent?.color === 0) {
            parent = pt.parent;
            grandParent = pt.parent.parent;

            /*  Case : A
                Parent of pt is left child of Grand-parent of pt */
            if (parent === grandParent?.left) {
                const uncle = grandParent.right;

                /* Case : 1
                   The uncle of pt is also red
                   Only Recoloring required */
                if (uncle && uncle.color === 0) {
                    grandParent.color = 0;
                    parent.color = 1;
                    uncle.color = 1;
                    pt = grandParent;
                } else {
                    /* Case : 2
                       pt is right child of its parent
                       Left-rotation required */
                    if (pt === parent.right) {
                        this.rotateLeft(parent);
                        pt = parent;
                        parent = pt.parent;
                    }

                    /* Case : 3
                       pt is left child of its parent
                       Right-rotation required */
                    this.rotateRight(grandParent);
                    this.swapColor(parent!, grandParent);
                    pt = parent!;
                }
            } else {
                /* Case : B
               Parent of pt is right child of Grand-parent of pt */
                const uncle = grandParent!.left;

                /*  Case : 1
                    The uncle of pt is also red
                    Only Recoloring required */
                if (uncle != null && uncle.color === 0) {
                    grandParent!.color = 0;
                    parent.color = 1;
                    uncle.color = 1;
                    pt = grandParent!;
                } else {
                    /* Case : 2
                       pt is left child of its parent
                       Right-rotation required */
                    if (pt === parent.left) {
                        this.rotateRight(parent);
                        pt = parent;
                        parent = pt.parent;
                    }

                    /* Case : 3
                       pt is right child of its parent
                       Left-rotation required */
                    this.rotateLeft(grandParent!);
                    this.swapColor(parent!, grandParent!);
                    pt = parent!;
                }
            }
        }
        this.root!.color = 1;
    }

    delete(val: T): boolean {
        const node = this.find(val);
        if (!node) return false;
        node.count--;
        if (!node.count) this.deleteNode(node);
        return true;
    }

    deleteAll(val: T): boolean {
        const node = this.find(val);
        if (!node) return false;
        this.deleteNode(node);
        return true;
    }

    deleteNode(v: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
        const u = BSTreplace(v);

        // True when u and v are both black
        const uvBlack = (u === null || u.color === 1) && v.color === 1;
        const parent = v.parent!;

        if (!u) {
            // u is null therefore v is leaf
            if (v === this.root) this.root = null;
            // v is root, making root null
            else {
                if (uvBlack) {
                    // u and v both black
                    // v is leaf, fix double black at v
                    this.fixDoubleBlack(v);
                } else {
                    // u or v is red
                    if (v.sibling()) {
                        // sibling is not null, make it red"
                        v.sibling()!.color = 0;
                    }
                }
                // delete v from the tree
                if (v.isOnLeft()) parent.left = null;
                else parent.right = null;
            }
            return;
        }

        if (!v.left || !v.right) {
            // v has 1 child
            if (v === this.root) {
                // v is root, assign the value of u to v, and delete u
                v.data = u.data;
                v.left = v.right = null;
            } else {
                // Detach v from tree and move u up
                if (v.isOnLeft()) parent.left = u;
                else parent.right = u;
                u.parent = parent;
                if (uvBlack) this.fixDoubleBlack(u);
                // u and v both black, fix double black at u
                else u.color = 1; // u or v red, color u black
            }
            return;
        }

        // v has 2 children, swap data with successor and recurse
        this.swapData(u, v);
        this.deleteNode(u);

        // find node that replaces a deleted node in BST
        function BSTreplace(x: RBTreeNode<T>): RBTreeNode<T> | null {
            // when node have 2 children
            if (x.left && x.right) return successor(x.right);
            // when leaf
            if (!x.left && !x.right) return null;
            // when single child
            return x.left ?? x.right;
        }
        // find node that do not have a left child
        // in the subtree of the given node
        function successor(x: RBTreeNode<T>): RBTreeNode<T> {
            let temp = x;
            while (temp.left) temp = temp.left;
            return temp;
        }
    }

    fixDoubleBlack(x: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
        if (x === this.root) return; // Reached root

        const sibling = x.sibling();
        const parent = x.parent!;
        if (!sibling) {
            // No sibiling, double black pushed up
            this.fixDoubleBlack(parent);
        } else {
            if (sibling.color === 0) {
                // Sibling red
                parent.color = 0;
                sibling.color = 1;
                if (sibling.isOnLeft()) this.rotateRight(parent);
                // left case
                else this.rotateLeft(parent); // right case
                this.fixDoubleBlack(x);
            } else {
                // Sibling black
                if (sibling.hasRedChild()) {
                    // at least 1 red children
                    if (sibling.left && sibling.left.color === 0) {
                        if (sibling.isOnLeft()) {
                            // left left
                            sibling.left.color = sibling.color;
                            sibling.color = parent.color;
                            this.rotateRight(parent);
                        } else {
                            // right left
                            sibling.left.color = parent.color;
                            this.rotateRight(sibling);
                            this.rotateLeft(parent);
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (sibling.isOnLeft()) {
                            // left right
                            sibling.right!.color = parent.color;
                            this.rotateLeft(sibling);
                            this.rotateRight(parent);
                        } else {
                            // right right
                            sibling.right!.color = sibling.color;
                            sibling.color = parent.color;
                            this.rotateLeft(parent);
                        }
                    }
                    parent.color = 1;
                } else {
                    // 2 black children
                    sibling.color = 0;
                    if (parent.color === 1) this.fixDoubleBlack(parent);
                    else parent.color = 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    insert(data: T): boolean {
        // search for a position to insert
        let parent = this.root;
        while (parent) {
            if (this.lt(data, parent.data)) {
                if (!parent.left) break;
                else parent = parent.left;
            } else if (this.lt(parent.data, data)) {
                if (!parent.right) break;
                else parent = parent.right;
            } else break;
        }

        // insert node into parent
        const node = new RBTreeNode(data);
        if (!parent) this.root = node;
        else if (this.lt(node.data, parent.data)) parent.left = node;
        else if (this.lt(parent.data, node.data)) parent.right = node;
        else {
            parent.count++;
            return false;
        }
        node.parent = parent;
        this.fixAfterInsert(node);
        return true;
    }

    find(data: T): RBTreeNode<T> | null {
        let p = this.root;
        while (p) {
            if (this.lt(data, p.data)) {
                p = p.left;
            } else if (this.lt(p.data, data)) {
                p = p.right;
            } else break;
        }
        return p ?? null;
    }

    *inOrder(root: RBTreeNode<T> = this.root!): Generator<T, undefined, void> {
        if (!root) return;
        for (const v of this.inOrder(root.left!)) yield v;
        yield root.data;
        for (const v of this.inOrder(root.right!)) yield v;
    }

    *reverseInOrder(root: RBTreeNode<T> = this.root!): Generator<T, undefined, void> {
        if (!root) return;
        for (const v of this.reverseInOrder(root.right!)) yield v;
        yield root.data;
        for (const v of this.reverseInOrder(root.left!)) yield v;
    }
}

class TreeSet<T = number> {
    _size: number;
    tree: RBTree<T>;
    compare: Compare<T>;
    constructor(
        collection: T[] | Compare<T> = [],
        compare: Compare<T> = (l: T, r: T) => (l < r ? -1 : l > r ? 1 : 0),
    ) {
        if (typeof collection === 'function') {
            compare = collection;
            collection = [];
        }
        this._size = 0;
        this.compare = compare;
        this.tree = new RBTree(compare);
        for (const val of collection) this.add(val);
    }

    size(): number {
        return this._size;
    }

    has(val: T): boolean {
        return !!this.tree.find(val);
    }

    add(val: T): boolean {
        const successful = this.tree.insert(val);
        this._size += successful ? 1 : 0;
        return successful;
    }

    delete(val: T): boolean {
        const deleted = this.tree.deleteAll(val);
        this._size -= deleted ? 1 : 0;
        return deleted;
    }

    ceil(val: T): T | undefined {
        let p = this.tree.root;
        let higher = null;
        while (p) {
            if (this.compare(p.data, val) >= 0) {
                higher = p;
                p = p.left;
            } else {
                p = p.right;
            }
        }
        return higher?.data;
    }

    floor(val: T): T | undefined {
        let p = this.tree.root;
        let lower = null;
        while (p) {
            if (this.compare(val, p.data) >= 0) {
                lower = p;
                p = p.right;
            } else {
                p = p.left;
            }
        }
        return lower?.data;
    }

    higher(val: T): T | undefined {
        let p = this.tree.root;
        let higher = null;
        while (p) {
            if (this.compare(val, p.data) < 0) {
                higher = p;
                p = p.left;
            } else {
                p = p.right;
            }
        }
        return higher?.data;
    }

    lower(val: T): T | undefined {
        let p = this.tree.root;
        let lower = null;
        while (p) {
            if (this.compare(p.data, val) < 0) {
                lower = p;
                p = p.right;
            } else {
                p = p.left;
            }
        }
        return lower?.data;
    }

    first(): T | undefined {
        return this.tree.inOrder().next().value;
    }

    last(): T | undefined {
        return this.tree.reverseInOrder().next().value;
    }

    shift(): T | undefined {
        const first = this.first();
        if (first === undefined) return undefined;
        this.delete(first);
        return first;
    }

    pop(): T | undefined {
        const last = this.last();
        if (last === undefined) return undefined;
        this.delete(last);
        return last;
    }

    *[Symbol.iterator](): Generator<T, void, void> {
        for (const val of this.values()) yield val;
    }

    *keys(): Generator<T, void, void> {
        for (const val of this.values()) yield val;
    }

    *values(): Generator<T, undefined, void> {
        for (const val of this.tree.inOrder()) yield val;
        return undefined;
    }

    /**
     * Return a generator for reverse order traversing the set
     */
    *rvalues(): Generator<T, undefined, void> {
        for (const val of this.tree.reverseInOrder()) yield val;
        return undefined;
    }
}

/**
 * Your NumberContainers object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * var obj = new NumberContainers()
 * obj.change(index,number)
 * var param_2 = obj.find(number)
 */

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README.md

README.md

2349. 设计数字容器系统

题目描述

解法

方法一：哈希表 + 有序集合

Python3

Java

C++

Go

TypeScript

Files

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2349. 设计数字容器系统

题目描述

解法

方法一：哈希表 + 有序集合

Python3

Java

C++

Go

TypeScript