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b/_sources/chameo.rst.txt @@ -34,8 +34,12 @@ ACVoltammetry Annotations - Elucidation - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + Altlabel + ACV + + + Preflabel + ACVoltammetry Comment @@ -50,21 +54,17 @@ ACVoltammetry - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Altlabel - ACV - - - Preflabel - ACVoltammetry + Elucidation + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label ACVoltammetry @@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry Annotations - Elucidation - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + Preflabel + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry Comment @@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - Preflabel - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + Elucidation + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve Label @@ -144,16 +144,16 @@ AccessConditions Annotations - Elucidation - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + Preflabel + AccessConditions Comment Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - Preflabel - AccessConditions + Elucidation + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment Example @@ -191,8 +191,12 @@ AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry Annotations - Elucidation - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + Altlabel + AdSV + + + Preflabel + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry Comment @@ -203,16 +207,12 @@ AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Altlabel - AdSV + Elucidation + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - Preflabel - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -246,16 +246,16 @@ AlphaSpectrometry Annotations - Elucidation - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + Preflabel + AlphaSpectrometry Comment Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - Preflabel - AlphaSpectrometry + Elucidation + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. Label @@ -289,8 +289,8 @@ Amperometry Annotations - Elucidation - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + Preflabel + Amperometry Comment @@ -301,12 +301,12 @@ Amperometry The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Preflabel - Amperometry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -340,16 +340,16 @@ AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + Preflabel + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy Comment Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - Preflabel - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Elucidation + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. Label @@ -383,25 +383,25 @@ AnodicStrippingVoltammetry Annotations - Elucidation - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + Preflabel + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry Comment Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Preflabel - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + Elucidation + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label AnodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -433,14 +433,6 @@ AtomProbeTomography Annotations - - Elucidation - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - - - Comment - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - Altlabel 3D Atom Probe @@ -453,6 +445,14 @@ AtomProbeTomography Preflabel AtomProbeTomography + + Comment + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + + Elucidation + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + Label AtomProbeTomography @@ -485,16 +485,16 @@ AtomicForceMicroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + Preflabel + AtomicForceMicroscopy Comment Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - Preflabel - AtomicForceMicroscopy + Elucidation + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. Label @@ -562,14 +562,6 @@ BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod Annotations - - Elucidation - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - - - Comment - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - Altlabel BET @@ -582,6 +574,14 @@ BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + + Comment + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + + + Elucidation + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 @@ -618,16 +618,16 @@ CalibrationData Annotations - Elucidation - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + Preflabel + CalibrationData Comment Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - Preflabel - CalibrationData + Elucidation + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. Label @@ -661,16 +661,16 @@ CalibrationDataPostProcessing Annotations - Elucidation - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + Preflabel + CalibrationDataPostProcessing Comment Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - Preflabel - CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Elucidation + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. Label @@ -704,8 +704,8 @@ CalibrationProcess Annotations - Elucidation - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + Preflabel + CalibrationProcess Comment @@ -724,8 +724,8 @@ CalibrationProcess Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - Preflabel - CalibrationProcess + Elucidation + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. Definition @@ -783,16 +783,16 @@ Calorimetry Annotations - Elucidation - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Preflabel + Calorimetry Comment In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Preflabel - Calorimetry + Elucidation + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. Label @@ -825,18 +825,6 @@ CathodicStrippingVoltammetry Annotations - - Elucidation - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - - - Comment - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel CSV @@ -845,10 +833,22 @@ CathodicStrippingVoltammetry Preflabel CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + + Comment + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + + + Elucidation + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label CathodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -880,14 +880,14 @@ CharacterisationComponent Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel CharacterisationComponent + + Comment + + Label CharacterisationComponent @@ -920,16 +920,16 @@ CharacterisationData Annotations - Elucidation - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + Preflabel + CharacterisationData Comment Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - Preflabel - CharacterisationData + Elucidation + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process Label @@ -963,16 +963,16 @@ CharacterisationDataValidation Annotations - Elucidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + Preflabel + CharacterisationDataValidation Comment Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - Preflabel - CharacterisationDataValidation + Elucidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. Label @@ -1006,8 +1006,8 @@ CharacterisationEnvironment Annotations - Elucidation - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + Preflabel + CharacterisationEnvironment Comment @@ -1022,8 +1022,8 @@ CharacterisationEnvironment Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - Preflabel - CharacterisationEnvironment + Elucidation + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. Label @@ -1064,14 +1064,14 @@ CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + Comment + + Label CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -1104,8 +1104,8 @@ CharacterisationExperiment Annotations - Elucidation - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + Preflabel + CharacterisationExperiment Comment @@ -1116,8 +1116,8 @@ CharacterisationExperiment A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - Preflabel - CharacterisationExperiment + Elucidation + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. Label @@ -1151,16 +1151,16 @@ CharacterisationHardware Annotations - Elucidation - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + Preflabel + CharacterisationHardware Comment Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - Preflabel - CharacterisationHardware + Elucidation + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. Label @@ -1193,14 +1193,14 @@ CharacterisationHardwareSpecification Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + Comment + + Label CharacterisationHardwareSpecification @@ -1233,8 +1233,8 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Annotations - Elucidation - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + Preflabel + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Comment @@ -1245,17 +1245,17 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - Preflabel - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - - - Definition - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + Elucidation + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. Vimterm Measuring instrument + + Definition + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + Example In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter @@ -1308,8 +1308,8 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementProcess Annotations - Elucidation - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + Preflabel + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess Comment @@ -1320,17 +1320,17 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementProcess The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Preflabel - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - - - Definition - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Elucidation + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. Vimterm Measurement + + Definition + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Label CharacterisationMeasurementProcess @@ -1387,8 +1387,8 @@ CharacterisationProcedure Annotations - Elucidation - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + Preflabel + CharacterisationProcedure Comment @@ -1403,8 +1403,8 @@ CharacterisationProcedure The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - Preflabel - CharacterisationProcedure + Elucidation + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. Example @@ -1442,16 +1442,16 @@ CharacterisationProcedureValidation Annotations - Elucidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + Preflabel + CharacterisationProcedureValidation Comment Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - Preflabel - CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Elucidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. Label @@ -1485,16 +1485,16 @@ CharacterisationProperty Annotations - Elucidation - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + Preflabel + CharacterisationProperty Comment The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - Preflabel - CharacterisationProperty + Elucidation + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). Label @@ -1532,16 +1532,16 @@ CharacterisationProtocol Annotations - Elucidation - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + Preflabel + CharacterisationProtocol Comment A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - Preflabel - CharacterisationProtocol + Elucidation + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. Label @@ -1575,16 +1575,16 @@ CharacterisationSoftware Annotations - Elucidation - A software application to process characterisation data + Preflabel + CharacterisationSoftware Comment A software application to process characterisation data - Preflabel - CharacterisationSoftware + Elucidation + A software application to process characterisation data Example @@ -1622,8 +1622,8 @@ CharacterisationSystem Annotations - Elucidation - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Preflabel + CharacterisationSystem Comment @@ -1634,17 +1634,17 @@ CharacterisationSystem Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - Preflabel - CharacterisationSystem - - - Definition - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + Elucidation + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. Vimterm Measuring system + + Definition + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + Label CharacterisationSystem @@ -1684,14 +1684,14 @@ CharacterisationTask Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel CharacterisationTask + + Comment + + Label CharacterisationTask @@ -1736,32 +1736,32 @@ CharacterisationTechnique Annotations - Elucidation - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + Altlabel + Characterisation procedure - Comment - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + Altlabel + Characterisation technique - Comment - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + Preflabel + CharacterisationTechnique Comment A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - Altlabel - Characterisation procedure + Comment + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - Altlabel - Characterisation technique + Comment + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - Preflabel - CharacterisationTechnique + Elucidation + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). Label @@ -1795,16 +1795,16 @@ CharacterisationWorkflow Annotations - Elucidation - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + Preflabel + CharacterisationWorkflow Comment A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - Preflabel - CharacterisationWorkflow + Elucidation + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. Label @@ -1850,16 +1850,16 @@ CharacterisedSample Annotations - Elucidation - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + Preflabel + CharacterisedSample Comment The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - Preflabel - CharacterisedSample + Elucidation + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process Label @@ -1892,14 +1892,14 @@ ChargeDistribution Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel ChargeDistribution + + Comment + + Label ChargeDistribution @@ -1931,14 +1931,6 @@ Chromatography Annotations - - Elucidation - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - - - Comment - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - Preflabel Chromatography @@ -1947,6 +1939,14 @@ Chromatography Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + + Comment + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + + + Elucidation + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + Label Chromatography @@ -1978,18 +1978,6 @@ Chronoamperometry Annotations - - Elucidation - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - - - Comment - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel AmperiometricDetection @@ -2002,6 +1990,18 @@ Chronoamperometry Preflabel Chronoamperometry + + Comment + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + + + Elucidation + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label Chronoamperometry @@ -2034,20 +2034,20 @@ Chronocoulometry Annotations - Elucidation - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + Preflabel + Chronocoulometry Comment Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Preflabel - Chronocoulometry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -2081,20 +2081,20 @@ Chronopotentiometry Annotations - Elucidation - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + Preflabel + Chronopotentiometry Comment Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Preflabel - Chronopotentiometry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -2128,16 +2128,16 @@ CompressionTesting Annotations - Elucidation - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + Preflabel + CompressionTesting Comment Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - Preflabel - CompressionTesting + Elucidation + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. Label @@ -2171,25 +2171,25 @@ ConductometricTitration Annotations - Elucidation - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + Preflabel + ConductometricTitration Comment Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Preflabel - ConductometricTitration + Elucidation + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label ConductometricTitration @@ -2221,18 +2221,6 @@ Conductometry Annotations - - Elucidation - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - - - Comment - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Preflabel Conductometry @@ -2242,13 +2230,25 @@ Conductometry https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Comment + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + + + Elucidation + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 Example Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label Conductometry @@ -2281,16 +2281,16 @@ ConfocalMicroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + Preflabel + ConfocalMicroscopy Comment Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - Preflabel - ConfocalMicroscopy + Elucidation + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. Label @@ -2324,16 +2324,16 @@ CoulometricTitration Annotations - Elucidation - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + Preflabel + CoulometricTitration Comment Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - Preflabel - CoulometricTitration + Elucidation + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. Label @@ -2367,32 +2367,32 @@ Coulometry Annotations - Elucidation - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Preflabel + Coulometry - Comment - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Comment + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Preflabel - Coulometry + Elucidation + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Ievreference - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + Ievreference + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 Label @@ -2426,16 +2426,16 @@ CreepTesting Annotations - Elucidation - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + Preflabel + CreepTesting Comment The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - Preflabel - CreepTesting + Elucidation + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. Label @@ -2468,14 +2468,14 @@ CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + + Comment + + Label CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography @@ -2508,20 +2508,20 @@ CyclicChronopotentiometry Annotations - Elucidation - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + Preflabel + CyclicChronopotentiometry - Elucidation - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + Comment + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - Comment + Elucidation Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - Preflabel - CyclicChronopotentiometry + Elucidation + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal Label @@ -2554,18 +2554,6 @@ CyclicVoltammetry Annotations - - Elucidation - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - - - Comment - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel CV @@ -2578,6 +2566,14 @@ CyclicVoltammetry Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + + Comment + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + + + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + Dbpediareference https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry @@ -2586,6 +2582,10 @@ CyclicVoltammetry Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label CyclicVoltammetry @@ -2618,20 +2618,20 @@ DCPolarography Annotations - Elucidation - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + Preflabel + DCPolarography Comment Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - Preflabel - DCPolarography + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -2665,16 +2665,16 @@ DataAcquisitionRate Annotations - Elucidation - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + Preflabel + DataAcquisitionRate Comment Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - Preflabel - DataAcquisitionRate + Elucidation + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. Label @@ -2708,16 +2708,16 @@ DataAnalysis Annotations - Elucidation - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + Preflabel + DataAnalysis Comment Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - Preflabel - DataAnalysis + Elucidation + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. Label @@ -2751,16 +2751,16 @@ DataFiltering Annotations - Elucidation - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + Preflabel + DataFiltering Comment Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - Preflabel - DataFiltering + Elucidation + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. Label @@ -2794,8 +2794,8 @@ DataNormalisation Annotations - Elucidation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + Preflabel + DataNormalisation Comment @@ -2810,8 +2810,8 @@ DataNormalisation It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - Preflabel - DataNormalisation + Elucidation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. Label @@ -2845,16 +2845,16 @@ DataPostProcessing Annotations - Elucidation - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + Preflabel + DataPostProcessing Comment Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - Preflabel - DataPostProcessing + Elucidation + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. Label @@ -2888,16 +2888,16 @@ DataPreparation Annotations - Elucidation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + Preflabel + DataPreparation Comment Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - Preflabel - DataPreparation + Elucidation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. Label @@ -2931,16 +2931,16 @@ DataProcessingThroughCalibration Annotations - Elucidation - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + Preflabel + DataProcessingThroughCalibration Comment Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - Preflabel - DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Elucidation + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. Label @@ -2974,16 +2974,16 @@ DataQuality Annotations - Elucidation - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Preflabel + DataQuality Comment Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Preflabel - DataQuality + Elucidation + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. Example @@ -3021,16 +3021,16 @@ Detector Annotations - Elucidation - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Preflabel + Detector Comment Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Preflabel - Detector + Elucidation + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. Example @@ -3072,16 +3072,16 @@ DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + Preflabel + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy Comment Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - Preflabel - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Elucidation + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. Label @@ -3115,20 +3115,20 @@ Dielectrometry Annotations - Elucidation - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + Preflabel + Dielectrometry Comment Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Preflabel - Dielectrometry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -3162,16 +3162,16 @@ DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry Annotations - Elucidation - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + Preflabel + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry Comment Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - Preflabel - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Elucidation + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. Label @@ -3204,18 +3204,6 @@ DifferentialPulseVoltammetry Annotations - - Elucidation - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - - - Comment - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel DPV @@ -3228,10 +3216,22 @@ DifferentialPulseVoltammetry Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + + Comment + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + + + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label DifferentialPulseVoltammetry @@ -3263,14 +3263,14 @@ DifferentialRefractiveIndex Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + Comment + + Label DifferentialRefractiveIndex @@ -3302,14 +3302,6 @@ DifferentialScanningCalorimetry Annotations - - Elucidation - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - - - Comment - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - Altlabel DSC @@ -3318,6 +3310,14 @@ DifferentialScanningCalorimetry Preflabel DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + + Comment + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + + + Elucidation + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + Label DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -3350,16 +3350,16 @@ DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry Annotations - Elucidation - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + Preflabel + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry Comment Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - Preflabel - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Elucidation + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. Label @@ -3392,14 +3392,6 @@ DifferentialThermalAnalysis Annotations - - Elucidation - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - - Comment - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - Altlabel DTA @@ -3408,6 +3400,14 @@ DifferentialThermalAnalysis Preflabel DifferentialThermalAnalysis + + Comment + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + + + Elucidation + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + Label DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -3440,16 +3440,16 @@ Dilatometry Annotations - Elucidation - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + Preflabel + Dilatometry Comment Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - Preflabel - Dilatometry + Elucidation + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. Label @@ -3483,16 +3483,16 @@ DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent Annotations - Elucidation - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + Preflabel + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent Comment Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - Preflabel - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Elucidation + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. Label @@ -3526,29 +3526,29 @@ DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential Annotations - Elucidation + Preflabel + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + + + Comment Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - Elucidation + Comment In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - Comment + Elucidation Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - Comment + Elucidation In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Preflabel - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - Label DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential @@ -3581,16 +3581,16 @@ DirectCurrentInternalResistance Annotations - Elucidation - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + Preflabel + DirectCurrentInternalResistance Comment Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - Preflabel - DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Elucidation + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. Label @@ -3623,14 +3623,6 @@ DynamicLightScattering Annotations - - Elucidation - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - - - Comment - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - Altlabel DLS @@ -3639,6 +3631,14 @@ DynamicLightScattering Preflabel DynamicLightScattering + + Comment + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + + + Elucidation + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + Label DynamicLightScattering @@ -3671,16 +3671,16 @@ DynamicMechanicalAnalysis Annotations - Elucidation - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + Preflabel + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis Comment Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - Preflabel - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Elucidation + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. Label @@ -3713,14 +3713,6 @@ DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy Annotations - - Elucidation - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - - - Comment - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - Altlabel DMA @@ -3729,6 +3721,14 @@ DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy Preflabel DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + + Comment + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + + + Elucidation + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + Label DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -3760,18 +3760,6 @@ ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy Annotations - - Elucidation - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - - - Comment - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel EIS @@ -3780,10 +3768,22 @@ ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy Preflabel ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + + Comment + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + + + Elucidation + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy @@ -3816,20 +3816,20 @@ ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry Annotations - Elucidation - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + Preflabel + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry Comment Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - Preflabel - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -3863,8 +3863,8 @@ ElectrochemicalTesting Annotations - Elucidation - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + Preflabel + ElectrochemicalTesting Comment @@ -3875,8 +3875,8 @@ ElectrochemicalTesting In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - Preflabel - ElectrochemicalTesting + Elucidation + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. Label @@ -3910,33 +3910,33 @@ Electrogravimetry Annotations - Elucidation - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Preflabel + Electrogravimetry - Elucidation - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry Comment Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Preflabel - Electrogravimetry - - - Ievreference - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + Elucidation + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + Elucidation + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + + Ievreference + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + Label Electrogravimetry @@ -3968,14 +3968,6 @@ ElectronBackscatterDiffraction Annotations - - Elucidation - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - - Comment - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - Altlabel EBSD @@ -3984,6 +3976,14 @@ ElectronBackscatterDiffraction Preflabel ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + + Comment + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + + + Elucidation + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + Label ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -4020,16 +4020,16 @@ ElectronProbeMicroanalysis Annotations - Elucidation - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + Preflabel + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis Comment Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - Preflabel - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Elucidation + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. Label @@ -4063,16 +4063,16 @@ Ellipsometry Annotations - Elucidation - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Preflabel + Ellipsometry Comment Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Preflabel - Ellipsometry + Elucidation + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. Label @@ -4105,14 +4105,6 @@ EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy Annotations - - Elucidation - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - - - Comment - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - Altlabel EDS @@ -4129,6 +4121,14 @@ EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + + Comment + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + + + Elucidation + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 @@ -4165,16 +4165,16 @@ EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + Preflabel + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy Comment The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - Preflabel - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + Elucidation + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. Label @@ -4208,16 +4208,16 @@ Exafs Annotations - Elucidation - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Preflabel + Exafs Comment Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - Preflabel - Exafs + Elucidation + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. Label @@ -4251,16 +4251,16 @@ FatigueTesting Annotations - Elucidation - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + Preflabel + FatigueTesting Comment Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - Preflabel - FatigueTesting + Elucidation + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. Label @@ -4293,14 +4293,6 @@ FibDic Annotations - - Elucidation - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - - Comment - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - Altlabel FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis @@ -4309,6 +4301,14 @@ FibDic Preflabel FibDic + + Comment + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + + Elucidation + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + Label FibDic @@ -4340,14 +4340,6 @@ FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy Annotations - - Elucidation - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - - Comment - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - Altlabel FE-SEM @@ -4356,6 +4348,14 @@ FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy Preflabel FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + + Comment + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + + + Elucidation + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + Label FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -4387,14 +4387,6 @@ FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy Annotations - - Elucidation - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - - - Comment - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - Altlabel FTIR @@ -4407,6 +4399,14 @@ FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy + + Comment + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + + + Elucidation + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 @@ -4443,16 +4443,16 @@ Fractography Annotations - Elucidation - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Preflabel + Fractography Comment Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - Preflabel - Fractography + Elucidation + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. Label @@ -4486,16 +4486,16 @@ FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry Annotations - Elucidation - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + Preflabel + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry Comment The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - Preflabel - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + Elucidation + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. Label @@ -4528,14 +4528,6 @@ GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique Annotations - - Elucidation - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - - - Comment - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - Altlabel GITT @@ -4544,6 +4536,14 @@ GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique Preflabel GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + + Comment + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + + + Elucidation + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 @@ -4580,16 +4580,16 @@ GammaSpectrometry Annotations - Elucidation - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + Preflabel + GammaSpectrometry Comment Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - Preflabel - GammaSpectrometry + Elucidation + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. Label @@ -4622,14 +4622,6 @@ GasAdsorptionPorosimetry Annotations - - Elucidation - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - - Comment - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - Altlabel GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -4638,6 +4630,14 @@ GasAdsorptionPorosimetry Preflabel GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + + Comment + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + + Elucidation + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + Label GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -4670,16 +4670,16 @@ Grinding Annotations - Elucidation - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + Preflabel + Grinding Comment Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - Preflabel - Grinding + Elucidation + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. Label @@ -4712,14 +4712,6 @@ HPPC Annotations - - Elucidation - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - - - Comment - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - Altlabel HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation @@ -4732,6 +4724,14 @@ HPPC Preflabel HPPC + + Comment + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + + + Elucidation + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + Label HPPC @@ -4764,16 +4764,16 @@ HardnessTesting Annotations - Elucidation - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + Preflabel + HardnessTesting Comment A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - Preflabel - HardnessTesting + Elucidation + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. Label @@ -4806,14 +4806,14 @@ HardwareManufacturer Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel HardwareManufacturer + + Comment + + Label HardwareManufacturer @@ -4845,14 +4845,14 @@ HardwareModel Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel HardwareModel + + Comment + + Label HardwareModel @@ -4885,16 +4885,16 @@ Hazard Annotations - Elucidation - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Preflabel + Hazard Comment Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - Preflabel - Hazard + Elucidation + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. Label @@ -4928,16 +4928,16 @@ Holder Annotations - Elucidation - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Preflabel + Holder Comment An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - Preflabel - Holder + Elucidation + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. Label @@ -4970,18 +4970,6 @@ HydrodynamicVoltammetry Annotations - - Elucidation - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - - - Comment - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Preflabel HydrodynamicVoltammetry @@ -4990,10 +4978,22 @@ HydrodynamicVoltammetry Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + + Comment + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + + + Elucidation + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label HydrodynamicVoltammetry @@ -5025,14 +5025,6 @@ ICI Annotations - - Elucidation - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - - - Comment - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - Altlabel IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod @@ -5041,6 +5033,14 @@ ICI Preflabel ICI + + Comment + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + + + Elucidation + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + Label ICI @@ -5073,20 +5073,20 @@ Impedimetry Annotations - Elucidation - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + Preflabel + Impedimetry Comment Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - Preflabel - Impedimetry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -5120,8 +5120,8 @@ InteractionVolume Annotations - Elucidation - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + Preflabel + InteractionVolume Comment @@ -5140,8 +5140,8 @@ InteractionVolume The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - Preflabel - InteractionVolume + Elucidation + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). Example @@ -5178,14 +5178,14 @@ IntermediateSample Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel IntermediateSample + + Comment + + Label IntermediateSample @@ -5217,14 +5217,6 @@ IonChromatography Annotations - - Elucidation - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - - - Comment - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - Preflabel IonChromatography @@ -5233,6 +5225,14 @@ IonChromatography Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + Comment + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + + + Elucidation + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + Label IonChromatography @@ -5264,14 +5264,6 @@ IonMobilitySpectrometry Annotations - - Elucidation - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - - - Comment - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - Altlabel IMS @@ -5280,6 +5272,14 @@ IonMobilitySpectrometry Preflabel IonMobilitySpectrometry + + Comment + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + + + Elucidation + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + Label IonMobilitySpectrometry @@ -5311,14 +5311,6 @@ IsothermalMicrocalorimetry Annotations - - Elucidation - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - - Comment - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - Altlabel IMC @@ -5327,6 +5319,14 @@ IsothermalMicrocalorimetry Preflabel IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + + Comment + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + + + Elucidation + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + Label IsothermalMicrocalorimetry @@ -5359,16 +5359,16 @@ Laboratory Annotations - Elucidation - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Preflabel + Laboratory Comment The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Preflabel - Laboratory + Elucidation + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. Label @@ -5402,16 +5402,16 @@ LevelOfAutomation Annotations - Elucidation - Describes the level of automation of the test. + Preflabel + LevelOfAutomation Comment Describes the level of automation of the test. - Preflabel - LevelOfAutomation + Elucidation + Describes the level of automation of the test. Label @@ -5445,16 +5445,16 @@ LevelOfExpertise Annotations - Elucidation - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + Preflabel + LevelOfExpertise Comment Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - Preflabel - LevelOfExpertise + Elucidation + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). Label @@ -5488,16 +5488,16 @@ LightScattering Annotations - Elucidation - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + Preflabel + LightScattering Comment Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - Preflabel - LightScattering + Elucidation + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. Label @@ -5531,20 +5531,20 @@ LinearChronopotentiometry Annotations - Elucidation - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + Preflabel + LinearChronopotentiometry - Elucidation - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + Comment + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - Comment + Elucidation Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - Preflabel - LinearChronopotentiometry + Elucidation + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly Label @@ -5577,18 +5577,6 @@ LinearScanVoltammetry Annotations - - Elucidation - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - - - Comment - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel LSV @@ -5609,10 +5597,22 @@ LinearScanVoltammetry Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry + + Comment + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + + + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label LinearScanVoltammetry @@ -5645,16 +5645,16 @@ MassSpectrometry Annotations - Elucidation - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + Preflabel + MassSpectrometry Comment Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - Preflabel - MassSpectrometry + Elucidation + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. Label @@ -5688,8 +5688,8 @@ MeasurementDataPostProcessing Annotations - Elucidation - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Preflabel + MeasurementDataPostProcessing Comment @@ -5700,8 +5700,8 @@ MeasurementDataPostProcessing Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - Preflabel - MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Elucidation + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Example @@ -5739,8 +5739,8 @@ MeasurementParameter Annotations - Elucidation - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + Preflabel + MeasurementParameter Comment @@ -5751,8 +5751,8 @@ MeasurementParameter Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - Preflabel - MeasurementParameter + Elucidation + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. Label @@ -5786,8 +5786,12 @@ MeasurementSystemAdjustment Annotations - Elucidation - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Altlabel + MeasurementParameterAdjustment + + + Preflabel + MeasurementSystemAdjustment Comment @@ -5802,21 +5806,17 @@ MeasurementSystemAdjustment Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Altlabel - MeasurementParameterAdjustment + Elucidation + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Preflabel - MeasurementSystemAdjustment + Vimterm + Adjustment Definition From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - - Vimterm - Adjustment - Label MeasurementSystemAdjustment @@ -5853,8 +5853,8 @@ MeasurementTime Annotations - Elucidation - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + Preflabel + MeasurementTime Comment @@ -5865,8 +5865,8 @@ MeasurementTime The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - Preflabel - MeasurementTime + Elucidation + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. Label @@ -5899,14 +5899,6 @@ MechanicalTesting Annotations - - Elucidation - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - - - Comment - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - Preflabel MechanicalTesting @@ -5915,6 +5907,14 @@ MechanicalTesting Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + + Comment + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + + + Elucidation + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + Label MechanicalTesting @@ -5947,8 +5947,8 @@ MembraneOsmometry Annotations - Elucidation - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + Preflabel + MembraneOsmometry Comment @@ -5959,8 +5959,8 @@ MembraneOsmometry In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - Preflabel - MembraneOsmometry + Elucidation + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. Label @@ -5994,8 +5994,8 @@ MercuryPorosimetry Annotations - Elucidation - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + Preflabel + MercuryPorosimetry Comment @@ -6006,8 +6006,8 @@ MercuryPorosimetry A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - Preflabel - MercuryPorosimetry + Elucidation + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. Label @@ -6041,8 +6041,8 @@ Microscopy Annotations - Elucidation - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Preflabel + Microscopy Comment @@ -6053,8 +6053,8 @@ Microscopy Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Preflabel - Microscopy + Elucidation + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. Label @@ -6088,16 +6088,16 @@ Milling Annotations - Elucidation - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Preflabel + Milling Comment Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - Preflabel - Milling + Elucidation + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. Label @@ -6131,8 +6131,8 @@ Mounting Annotations - Elucidation - The sample is mounted on a holder. + Preflabel + Mounting Comment @@ -6143,8 +6143,8 @@ Mounting The sample is mounted on a holder. - Preflabel - Mounting + Elucidation + The sample is mounted on a holder. Label @@ -6182,8 +6182,8 @@ Nanoindentation Annotations - Elucidation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + Preflabel + Nanoindentation Comment @@ -6194,8 +6194,8 @@ Nanoindentation Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - Preflabel - Nanoindentation + Elucidation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. Example @@ -6232,14 +6232,6 @@ NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy Annotations - - Elucidation - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - - Comment - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - Altlabel NSE @@ -6248,6 +6240,14 @@ NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy Preflabel NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + + Comment + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + + + Elucidation + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + Label NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy @@ -6280,16 +6280,16 @@ Nexafs Annotations - Elucidation - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + Preflabel + Nexafs Comment Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - Preflabel - Nexafs + Elucidation + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. Label @@ -6323,28 +6323,28 @@ NormalPulseVoltammetry Annotations - Elucidation - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Altlabel + NPV + + + Preflabel + NormalPulseVoltammetry Comment Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel - NPV - - - Preflabel - NormalPulseVoltammetry - - - Label - NormalPulseVoltammetry + Label + NormalPulseVoltammetry Formal description @@ -6373,14 +6373,6 @@ NuclearMagneticResonance Annotations - - Elucidation - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - - Comment - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - Altlabel Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) @@ -6393,6 +6385,14 @@ NuclearMagneticResonance Preflabel NuclearMagneticResonance + + Comment + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + + + Elucidation + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + Label NuclearMagneticResonance @@ -6424,14 +6424,6 @@ OpenCircuitHold Annotations - - Elucidation - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - - - Comment - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - Altlabel OCVHold @@ -6440,6 +6432,14 @@ OpenCircuitHold Preflabel OpenCircuitHold + + Comment + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + + + Elucidation + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + Label OpenCircuitHold @@ -6472,16 +6472,16 @@ Operator Annotations - Elucidation - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + Preflabel + Operator Comment The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - Preflabel - Operator + Elucidation + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. Label @@ -6523,16 +6523,16 @@ OpticalMicroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + Preflabel + OpticalMicroscopy Comment Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - Preflabel - OpticalMicroscopy + Elucidation + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. Label @@ -6565,14 +6565,14 @@ OpticalTesting Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel OpticalTesting + + Comment + + Label OpticalTesting @@ -6605,16 +6605,16 @@ Osmometry Annotations - Elucidation - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + Preflabel + Osmometry Comment Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - Preflabel - Osmometry + Elucidation + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). Label @@ -6648,8 +6648,8 @@ OutlierRemoval Annotations - Elucidation - Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. + Preflabel + OutlierRemoval Comment @@ -6660,8 +6660,8 @@ OutlierRemoval - Preflabel - OutlierRemoval + Elucidation + Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. Label @@ -6695,16 +6695,16 @@ PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + Preflabel + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy Comment Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - Preflabel - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Elucidation + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. Label @@ -6738,8 +6738,8 @@ PhysicsOfInteraction Annotations - Elucidation - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + Preflabel + PhysicsOfInteraction Comment @@ -6750,8 +6750,8 @@ PhysicsOfInteraction Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - Preflabel - PhysicsOfInteraction + Elucidation + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. Example @@ -6793,16 +6793,16 @@ Polishing Annotations - Elucidation - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + Preflabel + Polishing Comment Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - Preflabel - Polishing + Elucidation + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. Label @@ -6835,14 +6835,14 @@ Porosimetry Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel Porosimetry + + Comment + + Label Porosimetry @@ -6875,8 +6875,8 @@ PostProcessingModel Annotations - Elucidation - Mathematical model used to process data. + Preflabel + PostProcessingModel Comment @@ -6895,8 +6895,8 @@ PostProcessingModel The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - Preflabel - PostProcessingModel + Elucidation + Mathematical model used to process data. Label @@ -6930,12 +6930,12 @@ PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis Annotations - Elucidation - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + Altlabel + PSA - Elucidation - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + Preflabel + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis Comment @@ -6958,12 +6958,12 @@ PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - Altlabel - PSA + Elucidation + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - Preflabel - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Elucidation + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential Label @@ -6997,28 +6997,28 @@ Potentiometry Annotations - Elucidation - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + Preflabel + Potentiometry Comment Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Preflabel - Potentiometry + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - Ievreference - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 + Ievreference + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 Label @@ -7052,16 +7052,16 @@ PreparedSample Annotations - Elucidation - The sample after a preparation process. + Preflabel + PreparedSample Comment The sample after a preparation process. - Preflabel - PreparedSample + Elucidation + The sample after a preparation process. Label @@ -7095,16 +7095,16 @@ PrimaryData Annotations - Elucidation - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Preflabel + PrimaryData Comment Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Preflabel - PrimaryData + Elucidation + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. Example @@ -7142,8 +7142,8 @@ Probe Annotations - Elucidation - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + Preflabel + Probe Comment @@ -7154,8 +7154,8 @@ Probe - Preflabel - Probe + Elucidation + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. Example @@ -7209,8 +7209,8 @@ ProbeSampleInteraction Annotations - Elucidation - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + Preflabel + ProbeSampleInteraction Comment @@ -7221,8 +7221,8 @@ ProbeSampleInteraction - Preflabel - ProbeSampleInteraction + Elucidation + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal Label @@ -7272,8 +7272,8 @@ ProcessingReproducibility Annotations - Elucidation - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + Preflabel + ProcessingReproducibility Comment @@ -7284,8 +7284,8 @@ ProcessingReproducibility - Preflabel - ProcessingReproducibility + Elucidation + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) Label @@ -7319,8 +7319,8 @@ Profilometry Annotations - Elucidation - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + Preflabel + Profilometry Comment @@ -7331,8 +7331,8 @@ Profilometry - Preflabel - Profilometry + Elucidation + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. Label @@ -7366,8 +7366,12 @@ PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod Annotations - Elucidation - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + Altlabel + PseudoOCV + + + Preflabel + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod Comment @@ -7378,12 +7382,8 @@ PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - Altlabel - PseudoOCV - - - Preflabel - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + Elucidation + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage Label @@ -7417,8 +7417,8 @@ PulsedElectroacousticMethod Annotations - Elucidation - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + Preflabel + PulsedElectroacousticMethod Comment @@ -7429,12 +7429,12 @@ PulsedElectroacousticMethod - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y + Elucidation + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - Preflabel - PulsedElectroacousticMethod + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y Label @@ -7468,8 +7468,8 @@ RamanSpectroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.

Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.

Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + Preflabel + RamanSpectroscopy Comment @@ -7480,8 +7480,8 @@ RamanSpectroscopy - Preflabel - RamanSpectroscopy + Elucidation + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.

Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.

Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. Label @@ -7515,16 +7515,16 @@ Rationale Annotations - Elucidation - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Preflabel + Rationale Comment A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Preflabel - Rationale + Elucidation + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief Label @@ -7558,12 +7558,8 @@ RawData Annotations - Elucidation - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - - - Elucidation - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + Preflabel + RawData Comment @@ -7582,8 +7578,12 @@ RawData - Preflabel - RawData + Elucidation + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + + + Elucidation + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. Example @@ -7628,14 +7628,14 @@ RawSample Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel RawSample + + Comment + + Label RawSample @@ -7668,8 +7668,20 @@ ReferenceSample Annotations - Elucidation - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + Altlabel + Certified Reference Material + + + Altlabel + Reference material + + + Altlabel + ReferenceSpecimen + + + Preflabel + ReferenceSample Comment @@ -7684,21 +7696,13 @@ ReferenceSample - Altlabel - Certified Reference Material + Elucidation + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Altlabel + Vimterm Reference material - - Altlabel - ReferenceSpecimen - - - Preflabel - ReferenceSample - Definition Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) @@ -7707,10 +7711,6 @@ ReferenceSample Definition Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] - - Vimterm - Reference material - Label ReferenceSample @@ -7743,8 +7743,12 @@ Sample Annotations - Elucidation - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Altlabel + Specimen + + + Preflabel + Sample Comment @@ -7763,12 +7767,8 @@ Sample Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Altlabel - Specimen - - - Preflabel - Sample + Elucidation + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. Label @@ -7802,8 +7802,8 @@ SampleExtraction Annotations - Elucidation - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + Preflabel + SampleExtraction Comment @@ -7822,8 +7822,8 @@ SampleExtraction - Preflabel - SampleExtraction + Elucidation + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. Label @@ -7864,14 +7864,14 @@ SampleExtractionInstrument Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel SampleExtractionInstrument + + Comment + + Label SampleExtractionInstrument @@ -7904,8 +7904,8 @@ SampleInspection Annotations - Elucidation - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + Preflabel + SampleInspection Comment @@ -7916,8 +7916,8 @@ SampleInspection - Preflabel - SampleInspection + Elucidation + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. Example @@ -7970,14 +7970,14 @@ SampleInspectionInstrument Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel SampleInspectionInstrument + + Comment + + Label SampleInspectionInstrument @@ -8010,8 +8010,8 @@ SampleInspectionParameter Annotations - Elucidation - Parameter used for the sample inspection process + Preflabel + SampleInspectionParameter Comment @@ -8022,8 +8022,8 @@ SampleInspectionParameter - Preflabel - SampleInspectionParameter + Elucidation + Parameter used for the sample inspection process Label @@ -8057,8 +8057,8 @@ SamplePreparation Annotations - Elucidation - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + Preflabel + SamplePreparation Comment @@ -8069,8 +8069,8 @@ SamplePreparation - Preflabel - SamplePreparation + Elucidation + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. Label @@ -8119,14 +8119,14 @@ SamplePreparationInstrument Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel SamplePreparationInstrument + + Comment + + Label SamplePreparationInstrument @@ -8159,8 +8159,8 @@ SamplePreparationParameter Annotations - Elucidation - Parameter used for the sample preparation process + Preflabel + SamplePreparationParameter Comment @@ -8171,8 +8171,8 @@ SamplePreparationParameter - Preflabel - SamplePreparationParameter + Elucidation + Parameter used for the sample preparation process Label @@ -8206,8 +8206,12 @@ SampledDCPolarography Annotations - Elucidation - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + Altlabel + TASTPolarography + + + Preflabel + SampledDCPolarography Comment @@ -8222,16 +8226,12 @@ SampledDCPolarography - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Altlabel - TASTPolarography + Elucidation + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - Preflabel - SampledDCPolarography + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -8265,8 +8265,12 @@ ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + Altlabel + AES + + + Preflabel + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy Comment @@ -8277,12 +8281,8 @@ ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Altlabel - AES - - - Preflabel - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + Elucidation + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. Label @@ -8316,8 +8316,12 @@ ScanningElectronMicroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + Altlabel + SEM + + + Preflabel + ScanningElectronMicroscopy Comment @@ -8328,12 +8332,8 @@ ScanningElectronMicroscopy - Altlabel - SEM - - - Preflabel - ScanningElectronMicroscopy + Elucidation + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. Label @@ -8367,8 +8367,12 @@ ScanningKelvinProbe Annotations - Elucidation - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + Altlabel + SKB + + + Preflabel + ScanningKelvinProbe Comment @@ -8379,12 +8383,8 @@ ScanningKelvinProbe - Altlabel - SKB - - - Preflabel - ScanningKelvinProbe + Elucidation + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. Label @@ -8418,8 +8418,8 @@ ScanningProbeMicroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + Preflabel + ScanningProbeMicroscopy Comment @@ -8430,8 +8430,8 @@ ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Preflabel - ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Elucidation + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. Label @@ -8465,8 +8465,12 @@ ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + Altlabel + STM + + + Preflabel + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy Comment @@ -8477,12 +8481,8 @@ ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Altlabel - STM - - - Preflabel - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + Elucidation + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. Label @@ -8515,14 +8515,14 @@ ScatteringAndDiffraction Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel ScatteringAndDiffraction + + Comment + + Label ScatteringAndDiffraction @@ -8555,8 +8555,12 @@ SecondaryData Annotations - Elucidation - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Altlabel + Elaborated data + + + Preflabel + SecondaryData Comment @@ -8567,12 +8571,8 @@ SecondaryData - Altlabel - Elaborated data - - - Preflabel - SecondaryData + Elucidation + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. Example @@ -8614,8 +8614,12 @@ SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry Annotations - Elucidation - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + Altlabel + SIMS + + + Preflabel + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry Comment @@ -8626,12 +8630,8 @@ SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Altlabel - SIMS - - - Preflabel - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + Elucidation + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. Label @@ -8664,14 +8664,14 @@ ShearOrTorsionTesting Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel ShearOrTorsionTesting + + Comment + + Label ShearOrTorsionTesting @@ -8704,8 +8704,8 @@ Signal Annotations - Elucidation - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Preflabel + Signal Comment @@ -8728,8 +8728,8 @@ Signal - Preflabel - Signal + Elucidation + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. Definition @@ -8767,8 +8767,8 @@ Spectrometry Annotations - Elucidation - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + Preflabel + Spectrometry Comment @@ -8779,8 +8779,8 @@ Spectrometry - Preflabel - Spectrometry + Elucidation + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. Label @@ -8814,8 +8814,8 @@ Spectroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + Preflabel + Spectroscopy Comment @@ -8826,8 +8826,8 @@ Spectroscopy - Preflabel - Spectroscopy + Elucidation + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. Label @@ -8861,8 +8861,24 @@ SquareWaveVoltammetry Annotations - Elucidation - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + Altlabel + OSWV + + + Altlabel + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + + + Altlabel + SWV + + + Preflabel + SquareWaveVoltammetry + + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry Comment @@ -8885,33 +8901,17 @@ SquareWaveVoltammetry - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Altlabel - OSWV - - - Altlabel - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry - - - Altlabel - SWV - - - Preflabel - SquareWaveVoltammetry - - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry + Elucidation + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label SquareWaveVoltammetry @@ -8944,8 +8944,8 @@ StepChronopotentiometry Annotations - Elucidation - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + Preflabel + StepChronopotentiometry Comment @@ -8956,8 +8956,8 @@ StepChronopotentiometry - Preflabel - StepChronopotentiometry + Elucidation + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps Label @@ -8991,8 +8991,12 @@ StrippingVoltammetry Annotations - Elucidation - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + Preflabel + StrippingVoltammetry + + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis Comment @@ -9023,16 +9027,12 @@ StrippingVoltammetry - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Preflabel - StrippingVoltammetry + Elucidation + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -9065,14 +9065,14 @@ Synchrotron Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel Synchrotron + + Comment + + Label Synchrotron @@ -9105,8 +9105,12 @@ TensileTesting Annotations - Elucidation - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + Altlabel + TensionTest + + + Preflabel + TensileTesting Comment @@ -9117,12 +9121,8 @@ TensileTesting - Altlabel - TensionTest - - - Preflabel - TensileTesting + Elucidation + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. Label @@ -9156,8 +9156,12 @@ ThermochemicalTesting Annotations - Elucidation - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + Altlabel + TMA + + + Preflabel + ThermochemicalTesting Comment @@ -9168,12 +9172,8 @@ ThermochemicalTesting - Altlabel - TMA - - - Preflabel - ThermochemicalTesting + Elucidation + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. Label @@ -9207,8 +9207,12 @@ Thermogravimetry Annotations - Elucidation - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + Altlabel + TGA + + + Preflabel + Thermogravimetry Comment @@ -9219,12 +9223,8 @@ Thermogravimetry - Altlabel - TGA - - - Preflabel - Thermogravimetry + Elucidation + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). Label @@ -9257,18 +9257,6 @@ ThreePointBendingTesting Annotations - - Elucidation - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - - - Comment - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - - - Comment - - Altlabel ThreePointFlexuralTest @@ -9281,6 +9269,18 @@ ThreePointBendingTesting Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + + Comment + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + + + Comment + + + + Elucidation + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 @@ -9317,16 +9317,16 @@ Tomography Annotations - Elucidation - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Preflabel + Tomography Comment Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Preflabel - Tomography + Elucidation + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. Label @@ -9360,8 +9360,12 @@ TransmissionElectronMicroscopy Annotations - Elucidation - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + Altlabel + TEM + + + Preflabel + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy Comment @@ -9372,12 +9376,8 @@ TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Altlabel - TEM - - - Preflabel - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + Elucidation + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. Label @@ -9411,16 +9411,16 @@ UltrasonicTesting Annotations - Elucidation - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + Preflabel + UltrasonicTesting Comment Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - Preflabel - UltrasonicTesting + Elucidation + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. Label @@ -9454,16 +9454,16 @@ UserCase Annotations - Elucidation - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + Preflabel + UserCase Comment High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - Preflabel - UserCase + Elucidation + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. Label @@ -9497,8 +9497,12 @@ VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry Annotations - Elucidation - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + Altlabel + VPO + + + Preflabel + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry Comment @@ -9509,12 +9513,8 @@ VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Altlabel - VPO - - - Preflabel - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + Elucidation + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. Label @@ -9548,8 +9548,12 @@ Viscometry Annotations - Elucidation - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + Altlabel + Viscosity + + + Preflabel + Viscometry Comment @@ -9560,12 +9564,8 @@ Viscometry - Altlabel - Viscosity - - - Preflabel - Viscometry + Elucidation + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. Label @@ -9599,8 +9599,12 @@ Voltammetry Annotations - Elucidation - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + Preflabel + Voltammetry + + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry Comment @@ -9615,24 +9619,20 @@ Voltammetry - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Preflabel - Voltammetry + Elucidation + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - Ievreference - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + Ievreference + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 Label @@ -9666,20 +9666,20 @@ VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode Annotations - Elucidation - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + Preflabel + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode Comment Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - Preflabel - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -9713,16 +9713,16 @@ WearTesting Annotations - Elucidation - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + Preflabel + WearTesting Comment A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - Preflabel - WearTesting + Elucidation + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. Label @@ -9755,14 +9755,6 @@ XpsVariableKinetic Annotations - - Elucidation - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - - - Comment - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - Altlabel Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) @@ -9775,6 +9767,14 @@ XpsVariableKinetic Preflabel XpsVariableKinetic + + Comment + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + + + Elucidation + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + Label XpsVariableKinetic @@ -9806,18 +9806,6 @@ XrayDiffraction Annotations - - Elucidation - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - - - Comment - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - - - Comment - - Altlabel XRD @@ -9830,6 +9818,18 @@ XrayDiffraction Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography + + Comment + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + + + Comment + + + + Elucidation + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 @@ -9865,18 +9865,6 @@ XrayPowderDiffraction Annotations - - Elucidation - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - - - Comment - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - - - Comment - - Altlabel XRPD @@ -9889,6 +9877,18 @@ XrayPowderDiffraction Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction + + Comment + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + + + Comment + + + + Elucidation + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + Label XrayPowderDiffraction @@ -9920,14 +9920,14 @@ XrdGrazingIncidence Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel XrdGrazingIncidence + + Comment + + Label XrdGrazingIncidence @@ -9965,14 +9965,14 @@ hasAccessConditions Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasAccessConditions + + Comment + + Label hasAccessConditions @@ -10039,10 +10039,6 @@ hasBeginCharacterisationTask Annotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasBeginCharacterizationTask @@ -10051,6 +10047,10 @@ hasBeginCharacterisationTask Preflabel hasBeginCharacterisationTask + + Comment + + Label hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -10086,10 +10086,6 @@ hasCharacterisationComponent Annotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationComponent @@ -10098,6 +10094,10 @@ hasCharacterisationComponent Preflabel hasCharacterisationComponent + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -10133,10 +10133,6 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironment Annotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationEnvironment @@ -10145,6 +10141,10 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironment Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironment + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -10180,10 +10180,6 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty Annotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty @@ -10192,6 +10188,10 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -10227,10 +10227,6 @@ hasCharacterisationInput Annotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationInput @@ -10239,6 +10235,10 @@ hasCharacterisationInput Preflabel hasCharacterisationInput + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationInput @@ -10274,10 +10274,6 @@ hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Annotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument @@ -10286,6 +10282,10 @@ hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Preflabel hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -10321,10 +10321,6 @@ hasCharacterisationOutput Annotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationOutput @@ -10333,6 +10329,10 @@ hasCharacterisationOutput Preflabel hasCharacterisationOutput + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -10368,14 +10368,14 @@ hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation @@ -10411,10 +10411,6 @@ hasCharacterisationProperty Annotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationProperty @@ -10423,6 +10419,10 @@ hasCharacterisationProperty Preflabel hasCharacterisationProperty + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -10458,10 +10458,6 @@ hasCharacterisationSoftware Annotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationSoftware @@ -10470,6 +10466,10 @@ hasCharacterisationSoftware Preflabel hasCharacterisationSoftware + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -10505,10 +10505,6 @@ hasCharacterisationTask Annotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationTask @@ -10517,6 +10513,10 @@ hasCharacterisationTask Preflabel hasCharacterisationTask + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationTask @@ -10552,14 +10552,14 @@ hasDataAcquisitionRate Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasDataAcquisitionRate + + Comment + + Label hasDataAcquisitionRate @@ -10595,14 +10595,14 @@ hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + + Comment + + Label hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration @@ -10638,14 +10638,14 @@ hasDataQuality Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasDataQuality + + Comment + + Label hasDataQuality @@ -10681,14 +10681,14 @@ hasDataset Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasDataset + + Comment + + Label hasDataset @@ -10724,14 +10724,14 @@ hasDateOfCalibration Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasDateOfCalibration + + Comment + + Label hasDateOfCalibration @@ -10767,10 +10767,6 @@ hasEndCharacterisationTask Annotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasEndCharacterizationTask @@ -10779,6 +10775,10 @@ hasEndCharacterisationTask Preflabel hasEndCharacterisationTask + + Comment + + Label hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -10814,14 +10814,14 @@ hasHardwareSpecification Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasHardwareSpecification + + Comment + + Label hasHardwareSpecification @@ -10857,14 +10857,14 @@ hasHazard Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasHazard + + Comment + + Label hasHazard @@ -10900,14 +10900,14 @@ hasHolder Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasHolder + + Comment + + Label hasHolder @@ -10943,14 +10943,14 @@ hasInstrumentForCalibration Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasInstrumentForCalibration + + Comment + + Label hasInstrumentForCalibration @@ -10986,14 +10986,14 @@ hasInteractionVolume Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasInteractionVolume + + Comment + + Label hasInteractionVolume @@ -11029,14 +11029,14 @@ hasInteractionWithProbe Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasInteractionWithProbe + + Comment + + Label hasInteractionWithProbe @@ -11072,14 +11072,14 @@ hasInteractionWithSample Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasInteractionWithSample + + Comment + + Label hasInteractionWithSample @@ -11115,14 +11115,14 @@ hasLab Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasLab + + Comment + + Label hasLab @@ -11158,14 +11158,14 @@ hasLevelOfAutomation Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasLevelOfAutomation + + Comment + + Label hasLevelOfAutomation @@ -11202,16 +11202,16 @@ hasManufacturer Annotations - Elucidation - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + Preflabel + hasManufacturer Comment A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - Preflabel - hasManufacturer + Elucidation + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware Label @@ -11248,14 +11248,14 @@ hasMeasurementDetector Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasMeasurementDetector + + Comment + + Label hasMeasurementDetector @@ -11291,14 +11291,14 @@ hasMeasurementParameter Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasMeasurementParameter + + Comment + + Label hasMeasurementParameter @@ -11334,14 +11334,14 @@ hasMeasurementProbe Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasMeasurementProbe + + Comment + + Label hasMeasurementProbe @@ -11377,14 +11377,14 @@ hasMeasurementSample Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasMeasurementSample + + Comment + + Label hasMeasurementSample @@ -11420,14 +11420,14 @@ hasMeasurementTime Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasMeasurementTime + + Comment + + Label hasMeasurementTime @@ -11464,16 +11464,16 @@ hasModel Annotations - Elucidation - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + Preflabel + hasModel Comment A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - Preflabel - hasModel + Elucidation + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware Label @@ -11510,14 +11510,14 @@ hasOperator Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasOperator + + Comment + + Label hasOperator @@ -11553,14 +11553,14 @@ hasPeerReviewedArticle Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasPeerReviewedArticle + + Comment + + Label hasPeerReviewedArticle @@ -11596,14 +11596,14 @@ hasPhysicsOfInteraction Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasPhysicsOfInteraction + + Comment + + Label hasPhysicsOfInteraction @@ -11639,14 +11639,14 @@ hasPostProcessingModel Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasPostProcessingModel + + Comment + + Label hasPostProcessingModel @@ -11682,14 +11682,14 @@ hasProcessingReproducibility Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasProcessingReproducibility + + Comment + + Label hasProcessingReproducibility @@ -11725,14 +11725,14 @@ hasReferenceSample Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasReferenceSample + + Comment + + Label hasReferenceSample @@ -11768,14 +11768,14 @@ hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + + Comment + + Label hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation @@ -11815,14 +11815,14 @@ hasSampleForInspection Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSampleForInspection + + Comment + + Label hasSampleForInspection @@ -11858,14 +11858,14 @@ hasSampleInspectionInstrument Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + Comment + + Label hasSampleInspectionInstrument @@ -11901,14 +11901,14 @@ hasSampleInspectionParameter Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSampleInspectionParameter + + Comment + + Label hasSampleInspectionParameter @@ -11944,14 +11944,14 @@ hasSamplePreparationInstrument Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSamplePreparationInstrument + + Comment + + Label hasSamplePreparationInstrument @@ -11987,14 +11987,14 @@ hasSamplePreparationParameter Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSamplePreparationParameter + + Comment + + Label hasSamplePreparationParameter @@ -12030,14 +12030,14 @@ hasSampledSample Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSampledSample + + Comment + + Label hasSampledSample @@ -12074,16 +12074,16 @@ hasUniqueID Annotations - Elucidation - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + Preflabel + hasUniqueID Comment A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - Preflabel - hasUniqueID + Elucidation + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware Label @@ -12178,14 +12178,14 @@ requiresLevelOfExpertise Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel requiresLevelOfExpertise + + Comment + + Label requiresLevelOfExpertise diff --git a/chameo-inferred.owl b/chameo-inferred.owl index efceb6c..097564b 100644 --- a/chameo-inferred.owl +++ b/chameo-inferred.owl @@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo" xmlns="https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#" + xmlns:term="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" xmlns:emmo="https://w3id.org/emmo#" - xmlns:term="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:core="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:x_0.1="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:bibo="http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" @@ -51,28 +51,70 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png - + + + + + + + hasMeasurementTime + hasMeasurementTime + + + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + hasProperty + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + + + + + + + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + hasOutput + hasOutput + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + + + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironment + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + hasCharacterisationEnvironment + + + + - - - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - isCauseOf - isCauseOf - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. - The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. -While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. + + + + + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + hasDirectPart + hasDirectPart + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. @@ -87,119 +129,37 @@ While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - - - + + + - - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - isNotCauseOf - isNotCauseOf - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + overlaps + overlaps + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - + - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - causal - causal - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - - - - - - - - - - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - hasSpatioTemporalTile - hasWellFormedTile - hasSpatioTemporalTile - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - - - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationTask - hasCharacterizationTask - hasCharacterisationTask - - - - - - - - hasTask - hasTask - - - - - - - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - hasPart - hasPart - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - - - - - - - - - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - hasProperty - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - - - - - - - - A conventional semiotic relation that relates a physical quantity to its unit. - hasMeasurementUnit - hasMeasurementUnit - Length hasUnit only LengthUnit + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + mereological + mereological + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - - + + + - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - hasNonTemporalPart - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + hasSpatialPart + hasSpatialPart + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. @@ -216,67 +176,18 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - - - - - - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - hasInterpreter - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - - - - - - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + + + + hasNonMaximalPart + hasNonMaximalPart - - - - - The input of a process. - hasInput - hasInput - The input of a process. - - - - - - - - - hasInteractionVolume - hasInteractionVolume - - - - - - - - Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. - -Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - hasParticipant - hasParticipant - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - - - - - - - - hasSubCollection - hasSubCollection + + + + isPortionPartOf + isPortionPartOf @@ -290,37 +201,150 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - - - - - - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - hasScatteredPart - hasScatteredPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + hasMeasurementParameter + hasMeasurementParameter - + - - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - hasTemporaryParticipant - hasTemporaryParticipant - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + The input of a process. + hasInput + hasInput + The input of a process. + + + + + + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + hasSpatialSection + hasSpatialPartialPart + hasSpatialSection + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. +A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. + + + + + + + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. + +The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. + hasConventionalProperty + hasConventionalProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. + + + + + + + Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. + hasObjectiveProperty + hasObjectiveProperty + + + + + + + + + + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + isProperPartOf + isProperPartOf + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + + + + + + isPartOf + isPartOf + + + + + + + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + hasPart + hasPart + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + + + + + + + + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + isNotCauseOf + isNotCauseOf + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + + + + + + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + causal + causal + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + + + + + + + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + isCauseOf + isCauseOf + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. + The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. +While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. @@ -349,46 +373,92 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - - - - - - - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + + + + + + A conventional semiotic relation that relates a physical quantity to its unit. + hasMeasurementUnit + hasMeasurementUnit + Length hasUnit only LengthUnit + -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - hasRedundantPart - hasRedundantPart - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + + + + + hasProductOutput + hasProductOutput + -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + + + + + + hasSubObject + hasSubObject - - - - + + + + - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - hasHolisticRelation - hasHolisticRelation - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + hasHolisticTemporalPart + hasHolisticTemporalPart - - - - - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - hasSpatialPart - hasSpatialPart - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationInput + hasCharacterizationInput + hasCharacterisationInput + + + + + + + + isTemporallyBefore + isTemporallyBefore + + + + + + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + hasNonTemporalPart + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + + + + + + + + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + hasHolisticPart + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. + + + + + + + + + hasSampleInspectionParameter + hasSampleInspectionParameter @@ -403,15 +473,109 @@ On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep.In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - - + + + + + + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + hasBeginTile + hasTemporalFirst + hasBeginTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + + + + + + + + + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + hasTemporalTile + hasTemporalDirectPart + hasTemporalTile + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + + + + + + + + + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + hasSampleForPreparation + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + + + + + + + + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + hasTemporaryParticipant + hasTemporaryParticipant + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + + + + + + + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + hasMeasuredProperty + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - mereological - mereological - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + hasTemporalPart + hasTemporalPart + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + + + + + + + + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + hasReferent + hasSemioticObject + hasReferent + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + + + + + + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + semiotical + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + + + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + hasCognised + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. @@ -457,77 +621,120 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens hasMetrologicalReference - - - - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - hasSpatialSection - hasSpatialPartialPart - hasSpatialSection - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. -A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + hasIndex + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - - - - - - Relates a dataset to its datum. - hasDatum - hasDatum - Relates a dataset to its datum. + + + + + + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + hasSign + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - - - - + + + + - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - hasDeclared - hasDeclared - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + hasCogniser + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - + - - + + - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - hasReferent - hasSemioticObject - hasReferent - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + hasInterpreter + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - - - + + + + + + - hasMaximalPart - hasMaximalPart + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + isPredecessorOf + isAntecedentOf + isPredecessorOf + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - - + + + - hasNonMaximalPart - hasNonMaximalPart + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + isIndirectCauseOf + isIndirectCauseOf + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - - - - - - - hasScatteredPortion - hasScatteredPortion + + + + + + + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + isConcomitantWith + alongsideOf + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + + + + + + + + + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + equalsTo + equalsTo + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + + + + + + + A temporal part that is an item. + hasTemporalItemSlice + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. + + + + + + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + hasTemporalSlice + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. @@ -539,249 +746,137 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa hasConnectedPortion - - - - - - - hasAccessConditions - hasAccessConditions + + + + hasBeginTask + hasBeginTask - - - - + + + + + + hasTask + hasTask + + + + + + - hasEndCharacterisationTask - hasEndCharacterizationTask - hasEndCharacterisationTask + hasPhysicsOfInteraction + hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - - - hasEndTask - hasEndTask + + + + hasModel + hasModel - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - hasCognised - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + + + + + + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + hasHolisticRelation + hasHolisticRelation + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationEnvironment - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - hasCharacterisationEnvironment + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + hasConvention + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - - - - + + + + + - hasFractionalMember - hasFractionalMember + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + hasItemPart + hasItemPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - - - - + + + + - hasSubItem - hasSubItem + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + hasScatteredPart + hasScatteredPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationOutput - hasCharacterizationOutput - hasCharacterisationOutput + + + + + + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + hasReferencePart + hasReferencePart + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - - - - - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - hasOutput - hasOutput - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + + + + + + hasVariable + hasVariable - - - + + + - hasMeasurementProbe - hasMeasurementProbe + hasOperator + hasOperator - - - - - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - hasQuantity - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + + + + + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + hasAgent + hasAgent + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - - - - - - - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - hasHolisticOverlap - hasHolisticOverlap - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - A man and the process of building a house. -The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. -The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. -The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. -In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + + + + + + requiresLevelOfExpertise + requiresLevelOfExpertise - + - - - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - properOverlaps - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - - - - - - - - - - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - hasInterval - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - - - - - - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - hasTemporalPart - hasTemporalPart - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - - - - - - - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - - - - - - - - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - hasHolisticPart - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. - - - - - - - - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - hasEndTile - hasTemporalLast - hasEndTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - - - - - - - - - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - hasTemporalTile - hasTemporalDirectPart - hasTemporalTile - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - - - - - - - - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - hasUnitSymbol - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - - - - - - - - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". - - - - - - - + + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). @@ -827,284 +922,278 @@ It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper par Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - hasDeclarer - hasDeclarer - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - - - - - - - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - isIndirectCauseOf - isIndirectCauseOf - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + + + + + + hasLab + hasLab - - - - - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. + + + + + + Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. -The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. - hasConventionalProperty - hasConventionalProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. +Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + hasParticipant + hasParticipant + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - - - - - Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. - hasObjectiveProperty - hasObjectiveProperty + + + + + + + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + overcrosses + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - + - - - - - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - isPredecessorOf - isAntecedentOf - isPredecessorOf - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + + + + + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + hasSpatioTemporalTile + hasWellFormedTile + hasSpatioTemporalTile + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - - - - - - - hasHolder - hasHolder + + + + + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + hasJunctionPart + hasSpatioTemporalPart + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - - - - - - - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - hasJunctionTile - hasJunctionTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + + + + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + hasHeterogeneousPart + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - + - - + + - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - hasDeduced - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + hasDeclared + hasDeclared + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - - + + - - - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. - hasBeginTile - hasTemporalFirst - hasBeginTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + + + + notOverlaps + notOverlaps - - - - - - hasMeasurementDetector - hasMeasurementDetector + + + + + + hasStage + hasStage - - - - - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - overlaps - overlaps - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + + + + + + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + hasUnitSymbol + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - - - - isPartOf - isPartOf + + + + + + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". - - - - - + + + + - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - hasItemPart - hasItemPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + properOverlaps + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - - - - + + + + - hasLevelOfAutomation - hasLevelOfAutomation + hasSamplePreparationParameter + hasSamplePreparationParameter - - - - - - hasStage - hasStage + + + + + + hasCharacterisationSoftware + hasCharacterizationSoftware + hasCharacterisationSoftware - - - - - - hasHolisticTemporalPart - hasHolisticTemporalPart + + + + + + + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. + hasMember + hasMember + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - - - - - + + + - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - overcrosses - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + hasMaximalPart + hasMaximalPart - - - + + + + - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - hasJunctionPart - hasSpatioTemporalPart - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + hasSubItem + hasSubItem - - + + + + + + Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. + hasMetricPrefix + hasMetricPrefix + + + + + - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - hasHeterogeneousPart - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + A temporal part that is a collection. + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + A temporal part that is a collection. - - + + + + + - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - hasTemporalSlice - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + hasScatteredPortion + hasScatteredPortion - - - - - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - hasInterpretant - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + + + + + + + hasBeginCharacterisationTask + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - - - - - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - hasSign - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + + + + + + hasManufacturedOutput + hasManufacturedOutput - - - - - - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - hasConstituent - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + + + + + + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - - - - - - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasReferencePart - hasReferencePart - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + + + + + + + hasEndCharacterisationTask + hasEndCharacterizationTask + hasEndCharacterisationTask - - - - - - - - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - hasDirectPart - hasDirectPart - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. - - - + + + + hasEndTask + hasEndTask + + + + + + + + + hasSampledSample + hasSampledSample + + + @@ -1125,34 +1214,187 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. - + + + + + + + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + hasHolisticOverlap + hasHolisticOverlap + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + A man and the process of building a house. +The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. +The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. +The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. +In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + + + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + + + + + + + + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + hasPortion + hasPortion + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). + + + + + + + + + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + hasRedundantPart + hasRedundantPart + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + + + + + + + + + hasSamplePreparationInstrument + hasSamplePreparationInstrument + + + + + + + + Relates a dataset to its datum. + hasDatum + hasDatum + Relates a dataset to its datum. + + + + + + + + + hasProcessingReproducibility + hasProcessingReproducibility + + + + + + + + hasMeasurementProbe + hasMeasurementProbe + + + + + + + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + hasModelledProperty + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + + + + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + hasOutcome + hasOutcome + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + + + + + + + + + hasMeasurementSample + hasMeasurementSample + + + + + + + + hasSubCollection + hasSubCollection + + + + + + + + + hasReferenceSample + hasReferenceSample + + + - - - isTemporallyBefore - isTemporallyBefore + + + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + hasEndTile + hasTemporalLast + hasEndTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - - - - + + + - hasSampleInspectionParameter - hasSampleInspectionParameter + hasHazard + hasHazard - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - hasConvention - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + hasDeduced + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. @@ -1178,243 +1420,196 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus Relates a resource to its identifier. - - - - - - - hasPeerReviewedArticle - hasPeerReviewedArticle - - - + - - + + - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - - - - - - - - hasCharacteriser - hasCharacteriser + hasDataAcquisitionRate + hasDataAcquisitionRate - + - - + - hasReferenceSample - hasReferenceSample + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + hasSampleInspectionInstrument - - - - - - - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - hasSampleForPreparation - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + hasDescription + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationProperty - hasCharacterizationProperty - hasCharacterisationProperty + + + + + + hasStatus + hasStatus - - - - - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - hasMeasuredProperty - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + hasDeducer + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - - - - - - - hasSamplePreparationInstrument - hasSamplePreparationInstrument + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + hasDeclarer + hasDeclarer + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - - - - - - hasCollaborationWith - hasCollaborationWith + + + + + + + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - - - - - + + - - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - isProperPartOf - isProperPartOf - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + isOvercrossedBy + isOvercrossedBy - - + - + - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - hasMember - hasMember - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. + hasMaximalCollection + hasMaximalCollection - - - - - - hasSubObject - hasSubObject + + + + + + + hasHardwareSpecification + hasHardwareSpecification - + - - + - hasSampleForInspection - hasSampleForInspection + hasMeasurementDetector + hasMeasurementDetector - + - - + + - hasMeasurementTime - hasMeasurementTime - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - hasCogniser - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + hasLevelOfAutomation + hasLevelOfAutomation - - - + + + + - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - hasAgent - hasAgent - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + hasConstituent + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - - - + + + + - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - hasOutcome - hasOutcome - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + hasComponent + hasComponent - - - + + + + - A temporal part that is an item. - hasTemporalItemSlice - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. + hasFractionalMember + hasFractionalMember - - - - - - hasConstitutiveProcess - hasConstitutiveProcess + + + + + + + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + hasJunctionTile + hasJunctionTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - - - - - - - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - hasPortion - hasPortion - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). + + + + + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + hasInterpretant + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - - - - - + + + + + + hasCharacteriser + hasCharacteriser - - - - + + + + - hasMeasurementParameter - hasMeasurementParameter + hasCharacterisationTask + hasCharacterizationTask + hasCharacterisationTask - - - - - - hasCharacterisationSoftware - hasCharacterizationSoftware - hasCharacterisationSoftware - - - - - + + + @@ -1429,51 +1624,23 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - - - - - - - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - isConcomitantWith - alongsideOf - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + + + + + + + hasSampleForInspection + hasSampleForInspection - - - - - + + + + - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - equalsTo - equalsTo - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - hasIndex - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - - - - - - - - hasStatus - hasStatus + hasFractionalCollection + hasFractionalCollection @@ -1487,60 +1654,108 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - - - + + + + + hasServiceOutput + hasServiceOutput + + + + + + - hasSamplePreparationParameter - hasSamplePreparationParameter + hasDataQuality + hasDataQuality - - - - - - hasMaximalCollection - hasMaximalCollection + + + + + + hasCharacterised + hasCharacterised - - - - - - hasBehaviour - hasBehaviour + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationOutput + hasCharacterizationOutput + hasCharacterisationOutput - - - - hasBeginTask - hasBeginTask + + + + + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + hasQuantity + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - + - - + + - hasMeasurementSample - hasMeasurementSample + hasHolder + hasHolder - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - hasDeducer - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + + + + + + + hasPostProcessingModel + hasPostProcessingModel + + + + + + + + + hasInstrumentForCalibration + hasInstrumentForCalibration + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + hasInteractionWithProbe + hasInteractionWithProbe + + + + + + A temporal part that is not a slice. + hasTemporalSection + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. @@ -1554,23 +1769,53 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - - - - + + + + + isGatheredPartOf + isGatheredPartOf + + + + + + - hasHardwareSpecification - hasHardwareSpecification + hasInteractionVolume + hasInteractionVolume - - - + + + + + + + + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + hasInterval + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + + + + + - hasHazard - hasHazard + hasDataset + hasDataset + + + + + + + + hasBehaviour + hasBehaviour @@ -1583,107 +1828,72 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus hasInteractionWithSample - - + + + + - hasCharacterisationComponent - hasCharacterizationComponent - hasCharacterisationComponent + hasAccessConditions + hasAccessConditions - - - - - - hasComponent - hasComponent - - - - - - - - hasFractionalCollection - hasFractionalCollection - - - - - - - - - hasInteractionWithProbe - hasInteractionWithProbe - - - + - - + + - hasDataAcquisitionRate - hasDataAcquisitionRate + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - - - - - - - hasInstrumentForCalibration - hasInstrumentForCalibration + + + + + + hasCollaborationWith + hasCollaborationWith - - - - - - hasLab - hasLab + + + + + + hasConstitutiveProcess + hasConstitutiveProcess - - - - + + + + - hasProcessingReproducibility - hasProcessingReproducibility - - - - - - isOvercrossedBy - isOvercrossedBy + hasCharacterisationProperty + hasCharacterizationProperty + hasCharacterisationProperty - + - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - hasDescription - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + + + + + hasPeerReviewedArticle + hasPeerReviewedArticle - - - + + - hasDataset - hasDataset + hasCharacterisationComponent + hasCharacterizationComponent + hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -1692,283 +1902,90 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus - - - - + + + + Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. + hasDimensionString + hasDimensionString + Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. + + + + + + - hasBeginCharacterisationTask - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - - - - - - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - hasModelledProperty - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - + hasDateOfCalibration + hasDateOfCalibration + - - - - + + + + - hasVariable - hasVariable - + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + hasNumericalValue + hasNumericalValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + - - - - - - - hasSampledSample - hasSampledSample - + + + + + + + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. + hasSymbolValue + hasSymbolValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. + - - - - - - - hasPostProcessingModel - hasPostProcessingModel - + + + + hasURLValue + hasURLValue + - - - - isPortionPartOf - isPortionPartOf - + + + + + hasURIValue + hasURIValue + - - - - - isGatheredPartOf - isGatheredPartOf - + + + + + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. + This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). + hasDataValue + hasDataValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. + This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). + - - - + + + + + + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware hasModel hasModel - - - - - - - - hasCharacterised - hasCharacterised - + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationInput - hasCharacterizationInput - hasCharacterisationInput - - - - - - - - hasManufacturedOutput - hasManufacturedOutput - - - - - - - hasProductOutput - hasProductOutput - - - - - - - - Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. - hasMetricPrefix - hasMetricPrefix - - - - - - - - - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - - - - - - hasServiceOutput - hasServiceOutput - - - - - - - - - hasDataQuality - hasDataQuality - - - - - - - - - notOverlaps - notOverlaps - - - - - - - A temporal part that is a collection. - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - A temporal part that is a collection. - - - - - - - - hasSampleInspectionInstrument - hasSampleInspectionInstrument - - - - - - - - hasOperator - hasOperator - - - - - - - - requiresLevelOfExpertise - requiresLevelOfExpertise - - - - - - A temporal part that is not a slice. - hasTemporalSection - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. - - - - - - Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. - hasDimensionString - hasDimensionString - Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. - - - - - - - - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - hasModel - hasModel - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - - - - - - hasURLValue - hasURLValue - - - - - - - hasURIValue - hasURIValue - - - - - - - - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - hasManufacturer - hasManufacturer - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - - - - - - - - - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. - hasSymbolValue - hasSymbolValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. - - - - - - - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. - This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). - hasDataValue - hasDataValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. - This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). - - - - - - + + + + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware hasUniqueID @@ -1995,25 +2012,15 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. - - - - - - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. - hasNumericalValue - hasNumericalValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. - - - + - - + + - - hasDateOfCalibration - hasDateOfCalibration + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + hasManufacturer + hasManufacturer + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -2024,44 +2031,6 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus - - - - - - - - - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. - contact - contact - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. - - - - - - - DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - iupacReference - https://goldbook.iupac.org/ - iupacReference - - - - - - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - conceptualisation - conceptualisation - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). - - @@ -2073,25 +2042,9 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - - - - - - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - ucumCode - https://ucum.org/ - ucumCode - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - - - - - - metrologicalReference - metrologicalReference + + + @@ -2114,22 +2067,21 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus - - - - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - example - example - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + + + + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + qudtReference + http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html + qudtReference + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - - - - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + + + + metrologicalReference + metrologicalReference @@ -2143,65 +2095,86 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. - - - - - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - VIMTerm - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - VIMTerm - quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. + + + + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + conceptualisation + conceptualisation + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). - + + + + A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. + Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system. + definition + definition + Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system. + A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. + + + - - + + + + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - - + + + + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). + IEVReference + https://www.electropedia.org/ + IEVReference + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - + - - A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - figure - figure - A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. + contact + contact + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. - - + + + + + DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC + iupacReference + https://goldbook.iupac.org/ + iupacReference - + - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. - omReference - https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html - https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM - omReference - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. - - - - - - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - ISO80000Reference - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en - ISO80000Reference - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) + + + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + ucumCode + https://ucum.org/ + ucumCode + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. @@ -2215,36 +2188,36 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. - - - - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - qudtReference - http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html - qudtReference - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + + - + - - + + - ISO14040Reference - ISO14040Reference + + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. + VIMTerm + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + VIMTerm + quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - + - A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. - Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system. - definition - definition - Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system. - A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + etymology + etymology + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. @@ -2257,39 +2230,16 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - - - - - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - wikipediaReference - https://www.wikipedia.org/ - wikipediaReference - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - - - + - - - - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - etymology - etymology - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. - - - + - - + + @@ -2299,35 +2249,13 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus ISO9000Reference - - - - - - - - - - - - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - IEVReference - https://www.electropedia.org/ - IEVReference - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - - - + - - - - - - - - - + + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + example + example + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. @@ -2341,54 +2269,228 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - + - + + + + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + omReference + https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html + https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM + omReference + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + + + + + + + + + + ISO14040Reference + ISO14040Reference + + + + + + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + wikipediaReference + https://www.wikipedia.org/ + wikipediaReference + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - + + + + + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + ISO80000Reference + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en + ISO80000Reference + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) + + - + - - + + - + - - + - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + + + + + + + + + + + A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. + figure + figure + A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Magnetization + Magnetization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 + 6-24 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - + + + + + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQDerivedQuantity + ISQDerivedQuantity + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + EMMO + EMMO + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + + + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + ElectromagneticQuantity + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + + + + + + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + Declared + Declared + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + + + - T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + + MassPerLengthTimeUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit @@ -2436,504 +2538,624 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - - - - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - IonMobilitySpectrometry - IMS - IonMobilitySpectrometry - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + + + + + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. + The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. + ChargeNumber + IonizationNumber + ChargeNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number + 10-5.2 + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 - - - - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - Spectrometry - Spectrometry - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + PhysioChemicalQuantity + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - - - - - - - - - - + + + + A pure number, typically the number of something. + According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. + +This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. + +There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. + PureNumberQuantity + PureNumberQuantity + A pure number, typically the number of something. + 1, +i, +π, +the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - Declarer - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). - Someone who assigns a name to an object. + + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + ElectricCurrentDensity + AreicElectricCurrent + CurrentDensity + ElectricCurrentDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 + 6-8 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - + + + + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Intensive + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Temperature +Density +Pressure +ChemicalPotential + + + + + + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + NonNumericalData + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + + + - - - + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. +Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). +A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + EncodedData + EncodedVariation + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. + +Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). +Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. +Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. +Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). + A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - + + - - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. -On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. - Interpreter - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. -The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + Measurement - - - - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + + + + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + MeasurementTime + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - Graviton - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + + + + + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + LiquidSolution + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton + + + + + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, + Solution + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - - - - - - + + + + + + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + Liquid + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - - - - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - FundamentalBoson - FundamentalBoson - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons + + + + + + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. +For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + Icon + Model + Simulacrum + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - - - - - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularFrequency - DebyeAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 - 12-10 - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - +A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). - - - - Rate of change of the phase angle. - AngularFrequency - AngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency - 3-18 - Rate of change of the phase angle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 - +Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: +- symbols: that stand for an object through convention +- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity +- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + Sign + Sign + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). - - - - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - StandaloneModelSimulation - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. +Each of them are 'sign'-s. + +A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + +The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + +For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - - - - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedSimulation - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + + + + + Dissociation may occur stepwise. + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + DegreeOfDissociation + DissociationFraction + DegreeOfDissociation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 + 9-43 + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 - + - - - + + - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - HallCoefficient - HallCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 - 12-19 - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - - - - - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQDerivedQuantity - ISQDerivedQuantity - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + + + + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. + It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid + Object that is processed with a machine + Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + They are not powders or threads + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + fili e polveri non sono compresi + it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. + it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape + powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them + WorkPiece + Werkstück + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - - - - - - - - + + + + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + HolisticArrangement + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - EMMO - EMMO - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + + A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + HolisticSystem + HolisticSystem + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - - - - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - Declared - Declared - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + + + + + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Participant + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + A student during an examination. - - + + + + A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). +However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. +In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. +To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Object + Continuant + Endurant + Object + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + + + + + + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + NonTemporalRole + HolisticSpatialPart + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + + + + - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - PSA - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + Synchrotron + Synchrotron - - + + - The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - Voltammetry - Voltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + ScatteringAndDiffraction + ScatteringAndDiffraction - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + + + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + TotalMassStoppingPower + MassStoppingPower + TotalMassStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 + 10-55 + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + + + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + + + + + + + - - + + - - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Manufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - Manufacturing - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren + + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + SurfaceMassDensity + AreicMass + SurfaceDensity + SurfaceMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 + 4-5 + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - TechnologyProcess - ProductionEngineeringProcess - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + MechanicalQuantity + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - - - - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - WearTesting - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + + + + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + JosephsonConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - - - - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - MechanicalTesting - MechanicalTesting - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + + + + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + SIExactConstant + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - - - - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - CSV - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. +This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. + The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. + Arrangement + MereologicalState + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. + +If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. - - - - Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. - Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. - Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. - Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. - Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - - StrippingVoltammetry - StrippingVoltammetry - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - Photon - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - GaugeBoson - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson - - - - - - A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - StandaloneAtom - StandaloneAtom - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - - - - - - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - CharacterisationHardware - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + + + + + + + + + + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + SpatialTiling + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - - - - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - FatigueTesting - FatigueTesting - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + + + + + + + + + + + + For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + SolubilityProduct + SolubilityProductConstant + SolubilityProduct + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 @@ -2952,273 +3174,277 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 - - + + + + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + PSA + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - PhysioChemicalQuantity - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + Strain + Strain + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain + 4-17.1 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + +Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + RatioQuantity + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + RatioQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant + + + + - - + + + 1 - - + + + 1 - - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Determination - Characterisation - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. - - - - - - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - - - - - - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - SimulationApplication - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. - - - - - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - ModelledProperty - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + PrefixedUnit + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + MeasurementUnit + MeasurementUnit + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + kg +m/s +km + measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - ObjectiveProperty - PhysicalProperty - QuantitativeProperty - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. +"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. +https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf + Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. + Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - Cogniser - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. + + + + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + CharacterisationProcedure + CharacterisationProcedure + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + Sample preparation +Sample inspection +Calibration +Microscopy +Viscometry +Data sampling + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - - + + + - - - - - - + + - - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - Property - Property - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - Hardness is a subclass of properties. -Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. - The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + CharacterisationEnvironment + CharacterisationEnvironment + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - - - - - - - - - + + + + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + ThermalCutting + Thermisches Abtragen + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + - - - - - - + + + T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + + + + + + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + ApplicationProgram + App + Application + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. -A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. -A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + + + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + Program + Executable + Program + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + -For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. -An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) -Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). -This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. -This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. - Coded - Coded - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. - The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. + + + + Relative change of length per change of temperature. + LinearExpansionCoefficient + LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 + 5-3.1 + Relative change of length per change of temperature. - - + - + - + - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - BurgersVector - BurgersVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 - 12-6 - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + ThermalExpansionCoefficient + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - - - - vector quantity between any two points in space - Displacement - Displacement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) - 3-1.11 - vector quantity between any two points in space - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + AmountFractionUnit + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + Unit for amount fraction. - - - - TransportationDevice - TransportationDevice + + + + Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this +is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). +-- SI Brochure + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + FractionUnit + RatioUnit + FractionUnit + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - - - - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - Device - Equipment - Machine - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MechanicalMobilityUnit - MechanicalMobilityUnit - - - - - - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. - --- VIM - MeasuredProperty - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + + Resistance quantum. + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + VonKlitzingConstant + VonKlitzingConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - + @@ -3226,2696 +3452,1288 @@ This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of mea - + - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - MagneticVectorPotential - MagneticVectorPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 - 6-32 - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + ElectricResistance + Resistance + ElectricResistance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 + 6-46 + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - ElectromagneticQuantity - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + PhysicallyInteracting + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - - - - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - Datum - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + CausalSystem + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + A electron binded by a nucleus. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. -Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). -A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - EncodedData - EncodedVariation - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalMatterParticle + FundamentalMatterParticle + -Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). -Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. -Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. -Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). - A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + FundamentalFermion + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - + + + + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + FormingBlasting + Umformstrahlen + FormingBlasting + + + - + - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - MultiplicationFactor - MultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 - 10-78.1 - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + RestMass + InvariantMass + ProperMass + RestMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity + 10-2 + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + Mass + Mass + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass + 4-1 + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 + + + + + + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + + + + + + The imaginary part of the impedance. + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + ElectricReactance + Reactance + ElectricReactance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 + 6-51.3 + The imaginary part of the impedance. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + + + + + + + ThermodynamicEfficiency + ThermalEfficiency + ThermodynamicEfficiency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 + 5-25.1 + + + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + ThermodynamicalQuantity + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - - + + - Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + PathLength + ArcLength + PathLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length + 3-1.7 + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length + -Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - RatioQuantity - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 - RatioQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - refractive index, -volume fraction, -fine structure constant + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Extend of a spatial dimension. + Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. + Length + Length + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length + 3-1.1 + Extend of a spatial dimension. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - EntropyUnit - EntropyUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Structural - Structural - - - - - - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + + VolumePerTimeUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit - - - - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - DeepFreezing - Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze - Tieftemperaturbehandeln - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + + + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + CompositePhysicalObject + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - - - - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - HeatTreatment - wärmebehandeln - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + PhysicalObject + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - - + + - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - STM - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + Thermogravimetry + TGA + Thermogravimetry + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - + - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy - Microscopy - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - - - - - - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - ProcessEngineeringProcess - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + ThermochemicalTesting + TMA + ThermochemicalTesting + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik + + + + MicrowaveSintering + MicrowaveSintering - - - - CompositeMaterial - CompositeMaterial + + + + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + Sintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering + Sintern + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - - - + + - - - + + - - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - SlowingDownDensity - SlowingDownDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 - 10-67 - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - - - - - - - HelmholtzEnergy - HelmholtzFreeEnergy - HelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 - 5-20.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 + + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + Tessellation + Tiling + Tessellation + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. - Energy - Energy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy - 5-20-1 - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - ThermodynamicalQuantity - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - - - - - - Exponent - Exponent - - - - - - AlgebricOperator - AlgebricOperator + + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + Tile + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + - - - - - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - PhysicalParticle - Particle - PhysicalParticle - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + + + + + + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicNumber + AtomicNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + 10-1.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 - + - + - + - + 1 - - A real number. - Real - Real - A real number. - - - - - - - A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). - A numerical data value. - In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. -More than one numeral stands for the same number. -In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). -Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). -The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. -For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. - Number - Numeral - Number - A numerical data value. + + An integer number. + Integer + Integer + An integer number. - - - - - - - - - - - - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - Data - Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 - Contrast - Dedomena - Pattern - Data - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. + + + + + MolarEnthalpy + MolarEnthalpy + Enthalpy per amount of substance. + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 + 9-6.2 - - - - - Inverse of the quality factor. - LossFactor - LossFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 - 6-54 - Inverse of the quality factor. - - - + - - + + - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - Meson - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson - - - - - - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - HybridMatter - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeBoson - CompositeBoson - Examples of composite particles with integer spin: -spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion -spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson -spin 2: O15 in ground state. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - Hadron - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron + Energy per amount of substance. + MolarEnergy + MolarEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 + Energy per amount of substance. - - - - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - PseudoscalarMeson - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson + + + + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + Drilling + Bohren + Drilling - - - - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - Grinding - Grinding - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + + + + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + Machining + RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece + Machining + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - - SamplePreparation - SamplePreparation - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + ThermalTransmittance + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 + 5-10.1 + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - - - - ArithmeticOperator - ArithmeticOperator + + + + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + Radius + Radius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius + 3-1.6 + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TopAntiQuark - TopAntiQuark + + + + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + RadialDistance + RadialDistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 + 3-1.9 + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - - - - - - - - - - - - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - IntentionalProcess - Project - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + + + + HandlingDevice + HandlingDevice - - - - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - Spray - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - GasLiquidSuspension - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - Rain, spray. - - - - - - ModulusOfImpedance - ModulusOfImpedance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 - 6-51.4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - ElectricResistance - Resistance - ElectricResistance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 - 6-46 - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - - - - - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - TemporalTile - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Length per unit time. - -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - Speed - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed - 3-8.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - - - - - - - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum - 6-35.2 - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - - - - - - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - - - - - - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - da una forma non propria ad una forma propria - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - Powder: -particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size - - - - - - A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - WorkpieceForming - ArchetypeForming - PrimitiveForming - WorkpieceForming - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - HeatCapacity - HeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity - 5-15 - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 - - - - - - - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - SpecificEnergyImparted - SpecificEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 - 10-81.2 - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Energy per unit mass - SpecificEnergy - SpecificEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy - 5-21.1 - Energy per unit mass - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - Capacitance - ElectricCapacitance - Capacitance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance - 6-13 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - CharacterisationWorkflow - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationTask - CharacterisationTask - - - - - - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - GroupVelocity - GroupSpeed - GroupVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity - 3-23.2 - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. - --- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. - --- IEC, note 1 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. - --- ISO 80000-3 - Velocity - Velocity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. - --- ISO 80000-3 - 3-8.1 - 3‑10.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - Molecule - ChemicalSubstance - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. -Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. -e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - - - - - - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 - MolecularEntity - ChemicalEntity - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. - Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). - - - - - - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - AnalogData - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - - - - - - Mathematical model used to process data. - Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - PostProcessingModel - PostProcessingModel - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. - -Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - MathematicalModel - MathematicalModel - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - - - - - - MesoscopicSubstance - MesoscopicSubstance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - Substance - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - - - - - - - RedUpAntiQuark - RedUpAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuark - UpAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RedAntiQuark - RedAntiQuark - - - - - - - AntiTau - AntiTau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiElectronType - AntiElectronType - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThirdGenerationFermion - ThirdGenerationFermion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - Measurement - Measurement - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - measurement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - SpecificActivity - MassicActivity - SpecificActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 - 10-28 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 - - - - - - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - DataExchangeLanguage - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - JSON, YAML, XML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages - - - - - - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - ComputerLanguage - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThermalDiffusivity - ThermalDiffusionCoefficient - ThermalDiffusivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 - 5-14 - - - - - - A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - MeasuringInstrument - MeasuringInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - measuring instrument - - - - - - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - Cognised - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. - -The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. - -In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - SemioticObject - Object - SemioticObject - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - - - - - - Property of a solute in a solution. - StandardAbsoluteActivity - StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 - 9-26 - Property of a solute in a solution. - - - - - - - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - AbsoluteActivity - AbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 - 9-18 - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Measurement - - - - - - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - - - - - - - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AreaTimeUnit - AreaTimeUnit - - - - - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - Quantity - Measurand - Quantity - https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - length -Rockwell C hardness -electric resistance - measurand - quantity - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 - 10-40 - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - ElectricCurrentDensity - AreicElectricCurrent - CurrentDensity - ElectricCurrentDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 - 6-8 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - - - - - - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Intensive - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Temperature -Density -Pressure -ChemicalPotential - - - - - - - - - - - - - - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - Vergence - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature - - - - - - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - PotentialEnergy - PotentialEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy - 4-28.1 - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 - - - - - - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PressureUnit - PressureUnit - - - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - - - - - - ISO80000Categorised - ISO80000Categorised - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PowerUnit - PowerUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation - AlgebricEquation - 2 * a - b = c - - - - - - - - - - - - - An equation with variables can always be represented as: - -f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) - -where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - Equation - Equation - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - 2+3 = 5 -x^2 +3x = 5x -dv/dt = a -sin(x) = y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - - SampleExtraction - SampleExtraction - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - - - - + + - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - CharacterisationProcedure - CharacterisationProcedure - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - Sample preparation -Sample inspection -Calibration -Microscopy -Viscometry -Data sampling - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - - - - - - StaticFrictionCoefficient - CoefficientOfStaticFriction - StaticFrictionFactor - StaticFrictionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 - 4-23.1 - - - - - - - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - CoefficientOfFriction - FrictionCoefficient - FrictionFactor - CoefficientOfFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 - - - - - - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - FibDic - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - FibDic - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - AntiMatter - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - Matter - PhysicalSubstance - Matter - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - -A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). - -Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: -- symbols: that stand for an object through convention -- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity -- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - Sign - Sign - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). - -Each of them are 'sign'-s. - -A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. - -The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. - -For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - - - - - - - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - BeginStep - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - Step - Step - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - - - - - - - - BeginTile - BeginTile - - - - - - A meson with spin two. - TensorMeson - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. - - - - - - - T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MassStoppingPowerUnit - MassStoppingPowerUnit + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + Device + Equipment + Machine + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - - - - - T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - SquareTimeUnit - SquareTimeUnit + + + + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + Software + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - - - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - Annealing - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + + + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + DigitalData + BinaryData + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - - - - - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 - 10-49 - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + + + + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + HeatTreatment + wärmebehandeln + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - The inverse of length. - ReciprocalLength - InverseLength - ReciprocalLength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength - The inverse of length. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length + + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + BaseUnit + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + base unit - + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - FirstGenerationFermion - FirstGenerationFermion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - + - - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - FundamentalFermion - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - - - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - DiscreteData - DiscreteData - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - - - - - - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - Namer - Namer - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - - - - - - - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - RybergConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - - - - - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - MeasuredConstant - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - - - - - - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - Wavenumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - 3-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - ManufacturedMaterial - EngineeredMaterial - ProcessedMaterial - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - - - - - - - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - Material - Material - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - - - - - - - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - ManufacturedProduct - Artifact - Engineered - TangibleProduct - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Car, tire, composite material. - - - - - - - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - StandardAmountConcentration - StandardConcentration - StandardMolarConcentration - StandardAmountConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - 9-12.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + UnitSymbol + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". - - + + - - + - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - AmountConcentration - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity - AmountConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + AngularAcceleration + AngularAcceleration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration + 3-13 + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration - + + + + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + ElectricPolarization + ElectricPolarization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 + 6-7 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + + + + - + - + - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - DynamicViscosity - Viscosity - DynamicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 - 4-24 - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + ElectricFluxDensity + ElectricDisplacement + ElectricFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 + 6-12 + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - MechanicalQuantity - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + + + + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - - + + + + + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + SimulationApplication + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + FundamentalBoson + FundamentalBoson + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons + + + + - + - + - - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - MeasurementUnit - MeasurementUnit - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - kg -m/s -km - measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." - -"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." + + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + StandardModelParticle + ElementaryParticle + StandardModelParticle + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. + This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). +In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). + -https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. - Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. + + + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + Moulding + Gesenkformen + Moulding - - - - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - NuclearGFactor - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 - 10-14.2 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + lasciano tensioni residue di compressione + CompressiveForming + Druckumformen + CompressiveForming - - - - - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - GFactor - GFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + + + + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + da una forma non propria ad una forma propria + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + Powder: +particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size - - - - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - QueryLanguage - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - SQL, SPARQL - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language + + + + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + 3DPrinting + 3DPrinting + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - - - - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - ConstructionLanguage - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages + + + + Filling + Filling - - - - Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. - - OutlierRemoval - OutlierRemoval - Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. + + + + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + JoinManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + Fügen + JoinManufacturing + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - - + + - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - DataFiltering - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + NSE + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - ProbeSampleInteraction - ProbeSampleInteraction - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - - - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - InteractionVolume - InteractionVolume - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + + + + + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + LongRangeOrderParameter + LongRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 + 12-5.2 + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - - - - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - - - - - - - - - - - - Coupled - Coupled + + + + HardeningByForming + Verfestigen durch Umformen + HardeningByForming - - - - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - DerivedUnit - DerivedUnit - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - derived unit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ElectronType + ElectronType - - - - - - - - - - - - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - NonPrefixedUnit - NonPrefixedUnit - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + Lepton + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton - - - + + + + + RedBottomQuark + RedBottomQuark + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - ElementaryParticle - SingleParticleChain - ElementaryParticle - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + RedQuark + RedQuark - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BottomQuark + BottomQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark + + + + + + + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. + SubObject + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. + + + + + + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + TemporalRole + HolisticTemporalPart + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + - + + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + MolecularConcentration + MolecularConcentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 + 9-9.2 + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + + + + + + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + Concentration + Concentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - CausalPath - CausalChain - Elementary - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. - hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) + + + + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - + - + - + + - Number of periods per time interval. - Frequency - Frequency - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 - 3-15.1 - Number of periods per time interval. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 + 4-21.2 - + + - + - + - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - MagneticTension - MagneticTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 - 6-37.2 - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - - - - - - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. - Diameter - Diameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter - 3-1.5 - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 + 4-21.1 - - - + + - + - + - Extend of a spatial dimension. - Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. - Length - Length - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length - 3-1.1 - Extend of a spatial dimension. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + ModulusOfElasticity + YoungsModulus + ModulusOfElasticity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 + 4-19.1 + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 - - - - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AreaPerTimeUnit - AreaPerTimeUnit + + + + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Electrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry - - + + + + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + ElectrochemicalTesting + http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + + + + - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - OxidationNumber - OxidationState - OxidationNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + PhaseVelocity + PhaseSpeed + PhaseVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity + 3-23.1 + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. - The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. - ChargeNumber - IonizationNumber - ChargeNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number - 10-5.2 - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + +-- IEC, note 1 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Velocity + Velocity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3-8.1 + 3‑10.1 - - - - Relative change of length per change of temperature. - LinearExpansionCoefficient - LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 - 5-3.1 - Relative change of length per change of temperature. + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + FlexuralForming + Biegeumformen + FlexuralForming - + + + + + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + ReshapeManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + Forming + Umformen + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + + + + + - - + - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - ThermalExpansionCoefficient - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + ExtentOfReaction + ExtentOfReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 + 9-31 + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - + @@ -5923,881 +4741,1015 @@ https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - + - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - Magnetization - Magnetization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 - 6-24 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Often denoted B. + Strength of the magnetic field. + MagneticFluxDensity + MagneticInduction + MagneticFluxDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 + 6-21 + Strength of the magnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter + Measuring instrument + + + + - - + - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - Molality - AmountPerMass - Molality - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 - 9-15 - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. + Energy + Energy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy + 5-20-1 + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - A molecule composed of only one element type. - Homonuclear - ElementalMolecule - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - Hydrogen molecule (H₂). + + + + + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Extensive + Extensive + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Mass +Volume +Entropy - - - - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - MassSpectrometry - MassSpectrometry - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + + + + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + ExactConstant + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - - - - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - MercuryPorosimetry - MercuryPorosimetry - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - - - - - Porosimetry - Porosimetry +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + PhysicalConstant + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + Item + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + + + + - Synchrotron - Synchrotron + IntermediateSample + IntermediateSample - - + + + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - ScatteringAndDiffraction - ScatteringAndDiffraction + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Sample + Specimen + Sample + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - - + + - + - + - Electric charge per volume. - ElectricChargeDensity - VolumeElectricCharge - ElectricChargeDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 - 6-3 - Electric charge per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". + Time + Time + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + 3-7 + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - - - - - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - PhysicsEquation - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. -The Schrödinger equation. -The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + RapidPrototyping + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - - - + + + + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + AdditiveManufacturing + GenerativeManufacturing + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + + - - + + - - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedModel - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - - - - - - - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - ShearStrain - ShearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 - 4-17.3 - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 - - - - + - - T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - - - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + Molecule + ChemicalSubstance + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. +Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. +e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - - - - - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - ParticleEmissionRate - ParticleEmissionRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 - 10-36 - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + + + + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 + MolecularEntity + ChemicalEntity + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. + Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). - - - - - - - - - - - - ReciprocalDuration - InverseDuration - InverseTime - ReciprocalTime - ReciprocalDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 + + + + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + MembraneOsmometry + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - Non la metterei - Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). - FreeForming - FreeForming + + + + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + Osmometry + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - lasciano tensioni residue di compressione - CompressiveForming - Druckumformen - CompressiveForming + + + + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + DimensionalUnit + DimensionalUnit + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - - - - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - Assembled - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + + + + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + ComputerLanguage + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language - - - - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - HolisticArrangement - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + + + + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + ComputerScience + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - - + + - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - Objective - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - - - - - - - 2 - - - - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - Collection - Collection - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. + + + + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + TechnologyProcess + ProductionEngineeringProcess + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - - - + + - + - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - Entropy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy - 5-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + KinematicViscosity + KinematicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 + 4-25 + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 - - - - - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Extensive - Extensive - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Mass -Volume -Entropy + + + + + BlueUpQuark + BlueUpQuark - - - - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - Impedimetry - Impedimetry - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpQuark + UpQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark - - - - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - ElectrochemicalTesting - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 - ElectrochemicalTesting - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BlueQuark + BlueQuark - - - - Presses - Presses + + + + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - - - - FormingFromPowder - FormingFromPowder + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + CausalStructure + CausalObject + CausalStructure + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WeakBoson - WeakBoson + + + + + + + + + + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - - - - - - - - - - - + + - ParticulateMatter - ParticulateMatter + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + Mixture + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - - + + + - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - ComplexPower - ComplexApparentPower - ComplexPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 - 6-59 - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - - - + - + - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - Power - Power - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power - 4-27 - 6-45 - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - - - - - - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AreicSpeedUnit - AreicSpeedUnit - - - - - - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - DebyeAngluarRepetency - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 - 12-9.3 - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + MagneticTension + MagneticTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 + 6-37.2 + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - - - + + - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - AngularWaveNumber - AngularRepetency - AngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 - 12-9.1 - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + Wavelength + Wavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength + 3-19 + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 - - - - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - Software - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + + + + + + + + + + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + CondensedMatter + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - - - - - - - 1 - - + + + + + - - - 2 + + - - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Neutron - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron + + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + ScalarMagneticPotential + ScalarMagneticPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 + 6-37.1 + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - - - - - - - - - - - - Either a proton or a neutron. - Nucleon - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon + + + + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + WorkpieceManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + DiscreteManufacturing + Werkstücke + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - CausalSystem - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - A electron binded by a nucleus. + + + + TransportationDevice + TransportationDevice - - - - + + + + + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + PropagationCoefficient + PropagationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 + 3-26.3 + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + + + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + + + + + + - - + + + + The inverse of length. + ReciprocalLength + InverseLength + ReciprocalLength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length + + + + + + vector quantity between any two points in space + Displacement + Displacement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) + 3-1.11 + vector quantity between any two points in space + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) + + + + + + + - - + + + + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + EquilibriumPositionVector + EquilibriumPositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 + 12-7.2 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + + + + - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - Measuring instrument + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + MeasurementParameter + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - - + + + + + + - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - FrequencyUnit - FrequencyUnit + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + ThermalInsulance + CoefficientOfThermalInsulance + ThermalInsulance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 + 5-11 + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - - - - - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - + + + + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + String + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - - - - - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration - MassConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 +In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). + +If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. - - - - - - - 1 - - + + + - - - 1 + + - - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). - -So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. - -While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. - QuantityValue - QuantityValue - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - 6.8 m -0.9 km -8 K -6 MeV -43.5 HRC(150 kg) - quantity value - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + SymbolicConstruct + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - - - - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - Numerical - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + + + + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + Chronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - DragForce - DragForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 - 4-9.6 - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + + + + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + Potentiometry + Potentiometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - + + + + + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + MeanLinearRange + MeanLinearRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 + 10-56 + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 + + + + - - + + - - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - Force - Force - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force - 4-9.1 - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cognition + IconSemiosis + Cognition - + - - + + + - - - - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - Redundant - NonMaximal - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. - -If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. - - - - - + + - - + + - - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - Whole - Whole - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Semiosis + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process + +me -> interpreter +cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) +the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant +"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - + + + + CompositeMaterial + CompositeMaterial + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + - + - + - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - KinematicViscosity - KinematicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 - 4-25 - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 + Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + HeatCapacity + HeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity + 5-15 + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 - - - - GluonType7 - GluonType7 + + + + + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + EntropyPerMassUnit + EntropyPerMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - Gluon - Gluon - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon - + + + + A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + ConventionalProperty + ConventionalProperty + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. - - - - - - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - Path - Path - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) -C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) - +If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. - - - - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - Peening - ShotPeening - Verfestigungsstrahlen - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) +Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. - - - - HardeningByForming - Verfestigen durch Umformen - HardeningByForming + + + + + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + QuantumNumber + QuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 + 10-13.1 + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - - - - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - SIMS - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + + + + FormingFromIonised + FormingFromIonised - - - - - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + + + + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Coulometry + Coulometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -6849,469 +5801,655 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure Reference material - - - - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Sample - Specimen - Sample - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharmAntiQuark + CharmAntiQuark - - - + + + + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + PhaseOfMatter + Phase + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + + + + + - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - ElementaryCharge - ElementaryCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge - 10-5.1 - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 + 9-16 + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - - + + + + + LatentHeat + LatentHeat + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 + 5-6.2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + LorenzCoefficient + LorenzNumber + LorenzCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 + 12-18 + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + + + + - + - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - ElectricCharge - Charge - ElectricCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 - 6-2 - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 + Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + ElectricConductance + Conductance + ElectricConductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 + 6-47 + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 + + + + + + + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + ConstitutiveProcess + ConstitutiveProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + Blood circulation in a human body. + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + + + + + + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). + +For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. + Process + Occurrent + Perdurant + Process + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + + + + + + + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) + CubicExpansionCoefficient + CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 + 5-3.2 + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + + + + + + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + + ThreePointBendingTesting + ThreePointFlexuralTest + ThreePointBendingTesting + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + + + + + + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + MechanicalTesting + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + Illuminance + Illuminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 + + + + + + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + ReactiveMaterial + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - - - - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - DataAcquisitionRate - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + + + + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - - - + + - - - - - - + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - Task - Job - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + + + + SpeedUnit + SpeedUnit - - + + - + - + - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - Tile - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - - - - - - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + JunctionTile + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - + - - - T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a + SpatioTemporalTile + WellFormedTile + SpatioTemporalTile + + + + + - QuarticLengthUnit - QuarticLengthUnit + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 + 5-29 + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - - - + + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - CompositePhysicalParticle - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQBaseQuantity + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - Boson - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson + + + + A participant that is the driver of the process. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + Agent + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - - - - DrawForms - DrawForms + + + + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + IonChromatography + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography - - - - FormingFromPlastic - FormingFromPlastic + + + + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + Chromatography + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + DoseEquivalent + DoseEquivalent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent + 10-83.1 + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + + + + + + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + Variable + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + x +k - - - - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + + + + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. + Mathematical + Mathematical + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - - - - - + + + + + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + RollingResistanceFactor + RollingResistanceFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 + 4-23.3 + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + + + + - - + + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 - 12-2.2 - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - - - - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - SuperconductorEnergyGap - SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 - 12-37 - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + + + + + SamplePreparationInstrument + SamplePreparationInstrument - - - - - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - GapEnergy - BandgapEnergy - GapEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 - 12-27.2 - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 + + + + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + CharacterisationHardware + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - - + + - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. - AssemblyLine - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + GravityCasting + GravityCasting - - + + - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - ManufacturingSystem - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + Casting + Casting - - - - A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - ConventionalProperty - ConventionalProperty - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. - -If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. + + + + Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. + The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped + The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + + SquareWaveVoltammetry + OSWV + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + SWV + SquareWaveVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + -Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. + + + + The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + + Voltammetry + Voltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - Constituent - ObjectPart - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - A tire is a constituent of a car. + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + SolidGasSuspension + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - - - - A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). -However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. -In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. -To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Object - Continuant - Endurant - Object - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + DiffusionCoefficient + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - - - - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - NonTemporalRole - HolisticSpatialPart - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. + + + + + ThermalDiffusionRatio + ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 + 9-40.1 - + + - + + + + + + + + - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - BindingFraction - BindingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 - 10-23.2 - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + TotalLinearStoppingPower + LinearStoppingPower + TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 + 10-54 + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 - - + + + - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - Viscometry - Viscosity - Viscometry - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + HardwareManufacturer + HardwareManufacturer - - + + - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - CharacterisationTechnique - Characterisation procedure - Characterisation technique - CharacterisationTechnique - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - - - - DieCasting - DieCasting + + + + + HardwareModel + HardwareModel - - - - Casting - Casting + + + + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + MaterialLaw + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - - - - - - - - - - - - A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - HolisticSystem - HolisticSystem - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + + + + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + NaturalLaw + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - Item - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + + + + A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + AdSV + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - Symbolic - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 -emmo -!5*a -cat -for(i=0;i<N;++i) - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. -For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). + + + + Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. + Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. + Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. + Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. + Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + + StrippingVoltammetry + StrippingVoltammetry + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - BPMNDiagram - BPMNDiagram + + + + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + Assignment + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. - - - - - - - - - - - + + @@ -7319,246 +6457,360 @@ For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of c - + - - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. -For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - Icon - Model - Simulacrum - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. - An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. + + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + Estimation + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + + + + + + Determined + Determined + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + PeltierCoefficient + PeltierCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 + 12-22 + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + + + + + + + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + ThermoelectricVoltage + ThermoelectricVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 + 12-20 + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + + + + + + Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. + The difference in electric potential between two points. + Voltage + ElectricPotentialDifference + ElectricTension + Voltage + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage + 6-11.3 + The difference in electric potential between two points. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 + + + + + + CeramicMaterial + CeramicMaterial - - + + + + + + - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - MagneticPotentialUnit - MagneticPotentialUnit + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + Fugacity + Fugacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 + 9-20 + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 - - + + - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - Screwing - Schrauben - Screwing + Irradiate + Irradiate - - - + + + + + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + esce workpiece + MaterialTreatment + DIN 8580:2020 + Stoffeigenschaft ändern + WorkPieceTreatment + MaterialTreatment + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + + + + - + - Mean number of particles per volume. - ParticleNumberDensity - ParticleNumberDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 - 10-62.1 - Mean number of particles per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 - - - - - - - RedTopAntiQuark - RedTopAntiQuark + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + PoyntingVector + PoyntingVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 + 6-34 + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - - - - - Degenerency - Multiplicity - Degenerency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 - 9-36.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 + + + + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + Peening + ShotPeening + Verfestigungsstrahlen + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - + + + + + T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 - 5-10.2 - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - + + - - + - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - ThermalTransmittance - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 - 5-10.1 - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: - - - - - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - OrdinaryMatter - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + W = g μ M B + +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + +-- ISO 80000 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + MagneticDipoleMoment + MagneticDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + 10-9.1 + 6-30 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - - - - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - MarkupLanguage - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - HTML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language + + + + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + Wavenumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + 3-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricConductanceUnit - ElectricConductanceUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + Boson + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - StrictFundamental - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + Quantum + Quantum + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. +However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - TemporallyFundamental - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + Duration + Duration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 + 3-9 + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - SpatiallyFundamental - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + Crystal + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - + + + + Suggestion of Rickard Armiento + CrystallineMaterial + CrystallineMaterial + + + + + - - + - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - ThermodynamicTemperature - ThermodynamicTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature - 5-1 - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 + 10-39 + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A constituent of a system. + Component + Component + A constituent of a system. + + + + - + - + - + - + - + - - - - - - - + + @@ -7571,12 +6823,61 @@ For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. + + BlueAntiQuark + BlueAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiQuark + AntiQuark + + + + + - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQBaseQuantity - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + PhaseCoefficient + PhaseChangeCoefficient + PhaseCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 + 3-26.2 + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant @@ -7592,363 +6893,544 @@ For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747.ForcePerLengthUnit - - - - - - - - - - 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - -'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. + + + + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + Heat + AmountOfHeat + Heat + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat + 5-6.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + -This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. + + + + + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + AtomicScatteringFactor + AtomicScatteringFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 + 12-5.3 + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor + -e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. + + + + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + ProcedureUnit + MeasurementProcedure + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + -By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. + + + + + + + + + + + + + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + MetrologicalReference + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + -Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. - Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. + + + + + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + -Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. - Existent - true - Existent - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + + + + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. + FunctionalIcon + FunctionalIcon + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). + A guinea pig. + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - - - - A tessellation of temporal slices. - Sequence - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. + + + + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + Computation + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + A matematician that calculates 2+2. +A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. - - + + + + + + - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - ElectricPotentialUnit - ElectricPotentialUnit + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + Mobility + Mobility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 + 10-61 + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 - - - - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Unknown - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + LowPressureCasting + LowPressureCasting - - - - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - NumericalVariable - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + + + + + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + FermiAnglularRepetency + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 + 12-9.2 + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - - - - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - DCPolarography - DCPolarography - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + Magnitude of the wave vector. + AngularWavenumber + AngularRepetency + AngularWavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 + 3-22 + Magnitude of the wave vector. - - - - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - String - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - -In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). - -If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + + + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + SpatialTile + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - ResourceIdentifier - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - - - - - - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Rationale - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + Entropy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy + 5-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - - - + + - - + + + 1 - - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - MeasurementResult - MeasurementResult - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - measurement result - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + 1 - - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - SpatioTemporalTessellation - WellFormedTessellation - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - + + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). - - - - - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - PureParallelWorkflow - EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. +So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + +While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. + QuantityValue + QuantityValue + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + 6.8 m +0.9 km +8 K +6 MeV +43.5 HRC(150 kg) + quantity value + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - - - - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. -This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. - The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. - Arrangement - MereologicalState - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. - -If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. + + + + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + Numerical + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - - - - ParallelWorkflow - ParallelWorkflow + + + + + + + + + + + + + CompositeBoson + CompositeBoson + Examples of composite particles with integer spin: +spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion +spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson +spin 2: O15 in ground state. - - - - - - + + + + + + + - + + - - - - - - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - KnownConstant - KnownConstant - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - π refers to the constant number ~3.14 + + + + + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + CompositePhysicalParticle + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - - - - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - Constant - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + EnergyUnit + EnergyUnit - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - Observation - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + RichardsonConstant + RichardsonConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 + 12-26 + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - - + + - Rotation - Rotation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 - 3-16 + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + ElectricSusceptibility + ElectricSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 + 6-16 + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility - - - - - T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + LogarithmicUnit + LogarithmicUnit + http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Decibel + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units + + + + + + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + DimensionlessUnit + DimensionlessUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + Refractive index +Plane angle +Number of apples + + + + + - ElectricChargeDensityUnit - ElectricChargeDensityUnit + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 + 6-38 - - - - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - HardnessTesting - HardnessTesting - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + + + + + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 + 10-64 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - - + + + + + + - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - + - AreaPerAmountUnit - AreaPerAmountUnit + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + MassExcess + MassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 + 10-21.1 + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 - - - - - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - CoherenceLength - CoherenceLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 - 12-38.2 - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + + + + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + Perspective + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ThermalResistanceUnit - ThermalResistanceUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit - + - + - + - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - TotalLinearStoppingPower - LinearStoppingPower - TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 - 10-54 - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 + Number of periods per time interval. + Frequency + Frequency + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 + 3-15.1 + Number of periods per time interval. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 + + + + + + + At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + AreicHeatFlowRate + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 + 5-8 + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Power transferred per unit area. + Intensity + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A boolean number. + Boolean + Boolean + A boolean number. + + + + + + + A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. + A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). + A numerical data value. + In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. +More than one numeral stands for the same number. +In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). +Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). +The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. +For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. + Number + Numeral + Number + A numerical data value. + + + + + + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + URI + URI + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] @@ -7971,73 +7453,7 @@ If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - MesoscopicModel - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - - - - - - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - ConductometricTitration - ConductometricTitration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Conductometry - Conductometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - Program - Executable - Program - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - - - - - - - T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - + @@ -8045,1267 +7461,1464 @@ If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules - + - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - DiffusionArea - DiffusionArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 - 10-72.2 - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + Activity per unit volume of the sample. + ActivityDensity + ActivityConcentration + VolumetricActivity + VolumicActivity + ActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 + 10-29 + Activity per unit volume of the sample. - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidSolidSuspension - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - Granite, sand, dried concrete. + + + + + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + LogarithmicDecrement + LogarithmicDecrement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 + 3-25 + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + + + + + + Heat capacity at constant volume. + IsochoricHeatCapacity + HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume + IsochoricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 + 5-16.3 + Heat capacity at constant volume. + + + + + + Exponent + Exponent + + + + + + AlgebricOperator + AlgebricOperator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + ReactorTimeConstant + ReactorTimeConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 + 10-79 + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + + + + - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - Suspensions show no significant effect on light. - Suspension - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + Spray + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - SolidMixture - SolidMixture + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + GasLiquidSuspension + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + Rain, spray. - + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - RichardsonConstantUnit - RichardsonConstantUnit + + LengthTimeCurrentUnit + LengthTimeCurrentUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - -"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). - -The triadic elements: -- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) -- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) -- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) - -This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - SemioticEntity - SemioticEntity - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + + + + Person + Person - + - - + + - - - Semiotics - Semiotics - - - - - - - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - Plasma - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Fluid - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Gas, liquid, plasma, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - StateOfMatter - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + + + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Product + Output + Product + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - - - - - - The abstract notion of angle. - AngularMeasure - AngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 - 3-5 - The abstract notion of angle. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + + + + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + The act of connecting together the parts of something + Assemblying + Assemblying + The act of connecting together the parts of something + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - - - - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - Angle - PlaneAngle - Angle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - 3-5 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + + + + + + + + + + + + + ParticulateMatter + ParticulateMatter - + - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaDensityUnit - AreaDensityUnit + AccelerationUnit + AccelerationUnit - - - + + - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - VacuumMagneticPermeability - PermeabilityOfVacuum - VacuumMagneticPermeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum - 6-26.1 + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + InternalEnergy + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy + 5.20-2 + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - Permeability - ElectromagneticPermeability - Permeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability - 6-26.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 + + + + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + CharacterisationData + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - - - - - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - JosephsonConstantUnit - JosephsonConstantUnit + + + + + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + IonizationEnergy + IonizationEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 + 12-24.2 + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 - - - - - TauAntiNeutrino - TauAntiNeutrino + + + + "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + OrdinalQuantity + OrdinalQuantity + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Hardness +Resilience + ordinal quantity - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + - + - - - - - - - + + - - AntiNeutrinoType - AntiNeutrinoType + + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". + +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + Quantity + Measurand + Quantity + https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + length +Rockwell C hardness +electric resistance + measurand + quantity + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". + +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + Property + Property + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + Hardness is a subclass of properties. +Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. + The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. +A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. +A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + +For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. +An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) +Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. +This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. + Coded + Coded + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. + The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. - + + + + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + PotentialEnergy + PotentialEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy + 4-28.1 + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + + + + + + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + Enthalpy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy + 5.20-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + + + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - - + - - - - - - - - + - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - LinearEnergyTransfer - LinearEnergyTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 - 10-85 - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + Lethargy + Lethargy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 + 10-69 + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - - - - - - - - - - + + + - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - MagneticMoment - MagneticAreaMoment - MagneticMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 - 6-23 - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + HartreeEnergy + HartreeEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree + 10-8 + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 - - - - Encoded data made of more than one datum. - DataSet - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. + + + + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - - + + + + - + - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - DissociationConstant - DissociationConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + ElectricCharge + Charge + ElectricCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 + 6-2 + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + + + + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Activity per unit volume of the sample. - ActivityDensity - ActivityConcentration - VolumetricActivity - VolumicActivity - ActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 - 10-29 - Activity per unit volume of the sample. + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + QualityFactor + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 + 6-53 + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - - - + + + + + T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) - CubicExpansionCoefficient - CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 - 5-3.2 - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - - - - - - SandMolds - SandMolds + TimePerLengthUnit + TimePerLengthUnit - - - - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). -A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. - PhysicsEquationSolution - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. + + + + + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 + 10-15.3 + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - - - - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. - Mathematical - Mathematical - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + + + + Rate of change of the phase angle. + AngularFrequency + AngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency + 3-18 + Rate of change of the phase angle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 - + - T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + PerPressureUnit + PerPressureUnit - - - - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - Dilatometry - https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + + + + Service + IntangibleProduct + Service + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagneticFieldStrength - MagnetizingFieldStrength - MagneticFieldStrength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 - 6-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - PhysicalConstant - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + IntentionalProcess + Project + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants + + + + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + Thickness + Thickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 + 3-1.4 + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - - - + + - - + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. -ISO 80000-1 - Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. - -Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. - Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. - -For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. - -However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. - -For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. - -As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). - — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, -— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and -— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. -ISO 80000-1 - PhysicalQuantity - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + + + + AreaPerTimeUnit + AreaPerTimeUnit - - + + + - - + - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - LuminousIntensity - LuminousIntensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity - 7-14 - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + MagneticReluctance + Reluctance + MagneticReluctance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 + 6-39 + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - - + + + + + T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - LightAndRadiationQuantity - LightAndRadiationQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + MassStoppingPowerUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit - - - - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - WorkpieceManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - DiscreteManufacturing - Werkstücke - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + + + + + T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + SectionAreaIntegralUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - GasSolidSuspension - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - Dust, sand storm. + + + + LeftHandedParticle + LeftHandedParticle - + + + + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + + Signal + Signal + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + + + - - - - + + + + - - - - GasMixture - GasMixture + + + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Reductionistic + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - RichardsonConstant - RichardsonConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 - 12-26 - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + ElectricCurrentUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + Matter + PhysicalSubstance + Matter + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. + + + + + + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + DataAcquisitionRate + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + + + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalConductanceUnit - ThermalConductanceUnit + ForceUnit + ForceUnit - - - - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - ArchetypeManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - PrimitiveForming - Urformen - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + + + + GluonType3 + GluonType3 - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - AntiLepton - AntiLepton + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + Gluon + Gluon + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon - + - + - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - AtomicScatteringFactor - AtomicScatteringFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 - 12-5.3 - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + EffectiveMass + EffectiveMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 + 12-30 + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + + + + + + + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + GibbsEnergy + GibbsFreeEnergy + GibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 + 5-20.5 + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 + + + + + + + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + MeanDurationOfLife + MeanLifeTime + MeanDurationOfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 + 10-25 + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + + + + + + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + Dismantling + Demontage + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + + + + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + SeparateManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + CuttingManufacturing + Trennen + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + SlowingDownDensity + SlowingDownDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 + 10-67 + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + + + + + + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. + Solubility + Solubility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - A flow of electric charge. - ElectricCurrent - ElectricCurrent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent - 6-1 - A flow of electric charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 + ModulusOfAdmittance + ModulusOfAdmittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 + 6-52.4 - - + + - Parameter used for the sample preparation process + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - SamplePreparationParameter - SamplePreparationParameter - Parameter used for the sample preparation process + StepChronopotentiometry + StepChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - - - A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. - Parameter - Parameter - Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + + + + + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + InternalConversionFactor + InternalConversionCoefficient + InternalConversionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 + 10-35 + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - - SampleInspection - SampleInspection - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. + + + + + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + MobilityRatio + MobilityRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 + 12-31 + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - - - - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DrawForming - DrawForming + + + + + ActivityOfSolute + RelativeActivityOfSolute + ActivityOfSolute + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 + 9-24 - - - - - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + + + + + Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + WorkFunction + ElectronWorkFunction + WorkFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 + 12-24.1 + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 + -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - SubProcess - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + + + + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + ModellingLanguage + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. +Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + +Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language - - - - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). + + + + + Inverse of the radius of curvature. + Curvature + Curvature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature + 3-2 + Inverse of the radius of curvature. + -For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. - Process - Occurrent - Perdurant - Process - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + + + + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - - - - - - - - - - - - - Volume per amount of substance. - MolarVolume - MolarVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 - 9-5 - Volume per amount of substance. + + + + + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + Material + Material + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - - - + + + + + T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - CyclotronAngularFrequency - CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 - 10-16 - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + MassPerLengthUnit + MassPerLengthUnit - - - - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - BaseQuantity - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - base quantity + + + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + SupplyChain + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - - - - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + + + + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + PhysicallyNonInteracting + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - AreicElectricCharge - SurfaceChargeDensity - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 - 6-4 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 + RelativePressureCoefficient + RelativePressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 + 5-3.3 - + - + - + - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - ElectricFluxDensity - ElectricDisplacement - ElectricFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 - 6-12 - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + PressureCoefficient + PressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 + 5-4 + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - - - - Imaginary part of the complex power. - ReactivePower - ReactivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 - 6-60 - Imaginary part of the complex power. + + + + + + + + + + + + Semiotics + Semiotics - - - - - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Participant - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - A student during an examination. + + + + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Detector + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM + Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing - - - - - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - esce workpiece - MaterialTreatment - DIN 8580:2020 - Stoffeigenschaft ändern - WorkPieceTreatment - MaterialTreatment - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + + + + + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + GreenStrangeAntiQuark - - + + + - + - - + + + + + + + - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - Lepton - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton + StrangeAntiQuark + StrangeAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GreenAntiQuark + GreenAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + Vector + 1DArray + LinearArray + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Length per unit time. + +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + Speed + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed + 3-8.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 + + + + + + KineticFrictionFactor + DynamicFrictionFactor + KineticFrictionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 + 4-23.2 + + + + + + + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + CoefficientOfFriction + FrictionCoefficient + FrictionFactor + CoefficientOfFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalMatterParticle - FundamentalMatterParticle + + + + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 - 10-34 - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + ModelledProperty + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - - + + + - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - ProcedureUnit - MeasurementProcedure - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + ObjectiveProperty + PhysicalProperty + QuantitativeProperty + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - - + + + + DefinedEdgeCutting + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden + DefinedEdgeCutting + + + + + - - - + + - - - - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - MetrologicalReference - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + + + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + PhysicsOfInteraction + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - Bending - Bending + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + +Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + MathematicalModel + MathematicalModel + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - - - - FormingJoin - FormingJoin + + + + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + AnalogicalIcon + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. + Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance + MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - FlexuralForming - Biegeumformen - FlexuralForming + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + EnergyPerAmountUnit + EnergyPerAmountUnit - - + + - - - 1 + + - - - 2 + + - - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Proton - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton - - - - - - - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - ElectronAffinity - ElectronAffinity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 - 12-25 - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - - - - - - - IsothermalCompressibility - IsothermalCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 - 5-5.1 + + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + + SampleExtraction + SampleExtraction + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - + - + - - - - - - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - Compressibility - Compressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 - 4-20 - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - - - - - - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - Gluing - Kleben - Gluing + + + + + + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + HallCoefficient + HallCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 + 12-19 + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - - - - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - JoinManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - Fügen - JoinManufacturing - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + + + + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + CausalCollapse + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - - + + - + - + - + @@ -9314,315 +8927,218 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quanti - UpQuarkType - UpQuarkType - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidGasSuspension - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - Sparkling water - - - - - - - - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - Liquid - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + FundamentalInteraction + FundamentalInteraction + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - - - - - - - - - - - - - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - EnergyFluenceRate - EnergyFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 - 10-47 - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + + + + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + Interpretant + Interpretant + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - - - - WNegativeBoson - WNegativeBoson + + + + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - + - + - - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - WBoson - ChargedWeakBoson - IntermediateVectorBoson - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + CausalParticle + CausalParticle + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - - + + - InspectionDevice - InspectionDevice - - - - - - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + FormingFromLiquid + FormingFromLiquid - - + + + - In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - CentreOfMass - CentreOfMass - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + Expectation value of the energy imparted. + MeanEnergyImparted + MeanEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 + 10-80.2 + Expectation value of the energy imparted. - - - - + + - - + + - - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - --- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. - --- ISO 80000-3 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - PositionVector - Position - PositionVector - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - - - - - - HardeningByForging - HardeningByForging - - - - - - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - Assigner - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. - - - - - - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Estimator - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - - - - - - - - + + - - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - MagnetomotiveForce - MagnetomotiveForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 - 6-37.3 - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + + SampleInspection + SampleInspection + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. - - + + - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - AccessConditions - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + SampleInspectionParameter + SampleInspectionParameter + Parameter used for the sample inspection process - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - TensileForming - Zugdruckumformen - TensileForming + + + + + + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + ScientificTheory + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - - - - - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - ReshapeManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - Forming - Umformen - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + + + + Observed + Observed + The biography of a person met by the author. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - CausalParticle - CausalParticle - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + + + + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + Objective + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - - + + + + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. + +It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. + +In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument + Theory + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + + + + - + - + - - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - CausalStructure - CausalObject - CausalStructure - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - - - - - - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - IntentionalAgent - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + + PhysicallyInteractingConvex + PhysicallyInteractingConvex - - - - A participant that is the driver of the process. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - Agent - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + + + + Real part of the impedance. + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 + 6-51.2 + Real part of the impedance. - - + + + - + - + - + @@ -9631,21 +9147,43 @@ An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - DownQuarkType - DownQuarkType + DownQuark + DownQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FirstGenerationFermion + FirstGenerationFermion + + + + - + - + - + @@ -9653,39 +9191,36 @@ An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - Quark - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark + DownQuarkType + DownQuarkType - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - EnergyPerAmountUnit - EnergyPerAmountUnit + + + + + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 + 12-35.3 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - + + + + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + CriticalTemperature + CriticalTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + + + @@ -9693,1012 +9228,914 @@ An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - + - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - AngularMomentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum - 4-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + Compressibility + Compressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 + 4-20 + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - - - - - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 - 12-15.1 - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + + + + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + CyclicVoltammetry + CV + CyclicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - MeanFreePath - MeanFreePath - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 - 9-38 - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 + + + + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + DTA + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - - - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - Hardening - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + + + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + Shape4x3Matrix + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. - - - - + + + - - + + - - Mathematical description in crystallography. - StructureFactor - StructureFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 - 12-5.4 - Mathematical description in crystallography. - - - - - - - T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AreaPerMassUnit - AreaPerMassUnit + + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + Matrix + 2DArray + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - - + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - SystemResource - Resource - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." + +-- SI Brochure + The number of elementary entities present. + AmountOfSubstance + AmountOfSubstance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance + 9-2 + The number of elementary entities present. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - + - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AccelerationUnit - AccelerationUnit + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - Mobility - Mobility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 - 10-61 - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 - - - - - - - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - RawData - RawData - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. - In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. - In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - - - - - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - CharacterisationData - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - - - - - - - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - Gel - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - - - - - - - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - Colloid - Colloid - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - - - - - - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - TensileTesting - TensionTest - TensileTesting - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 + 12-36.3 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - - + + + + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + Procedure + Elaboration + Work + Procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). +The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. +The execution of an algorithm. + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + + + + + - + - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 - 10-38.1 - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + ModulusOfRigidity + ShearModulus + ModulusOfRigidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 + 4-19.2 + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 - - + + - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - Tool - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + ManufacturingDevice + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - - + + - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 - 5-16.4 - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + Property of a solute in a solution. + StandardAbsoluteActivity + StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 + 9-26 + Property of a solute in a solution. - - - - - - + + + + + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + AbsoluteActivity + AbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 + 9-18 + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 + + + + + + + BlueCharmQuark + BlueCharmQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharmQuark + CharmQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark + + + + + + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + Ablation + Abtragen + Ablation + + + + + + Encoded data made of more than one datum. + DataSet + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. + + + + + + + RedUpQuark + RedUpQuark + + + + + - - + + - - Heat capacity divided by mass. - SpecificHeatCapacity - SpecificHeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity - 5-16.1 - Heat capacity divided by mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + Measurement + Measurement + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + measurement - - + - - + - Electric field strength divided by the current density. - ElectricResistivity - Resistivity - ElectricResistivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 - 6-44 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + ChemicalPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential + 9-17 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - - - - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - Vapor - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + Positron + Positron - - - - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - LiquidAerosol - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + SamplePreparation + SamplePreparation + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - - - - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. - It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid - Object that is processed with a machine - Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - They are not powders or threads - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - fili e polveri non sono compresi - it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. - it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape - powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them - WorkPiece - Werkstück - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + + + + + ChargeDistribution + ChargeDistribution - - - - - RedUpQuark - RedUpQuark + + + + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + CharacterisationTechnique + Characterisation procedure + Characterisation technique + CharacterisationTechnique + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpQuark - UpQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark + + + + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + Polishing + Polishing + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RedQuark - RedQuark + + + + + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 + 10-60 + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - - - - - - - - + + - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. -- VIM - MeasuringSystem - MeasuringSystem - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + MeasuredProperty + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + --- VIM - measuring system + + + + + BlueCharmAntiQuark + BlueCharmAntiQuark - - - - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - Measurer - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + + + + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + AtomicForceMicroscopy + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - - - - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 - 10-13.8 - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + + + + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - - - - - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - QuantumNumber - QuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 - 10-13.1 - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + + + + Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + Amperometry + Amperometry + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - RotationalFrequency - RotationalFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 - 3-17.2 - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + + + + A molecule composed of only one element type. + Homonuclear + ElementalMolecule + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + Hydrogen molecule (H₂). - - - - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidGasSuspension + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + Sparkling water - - + + + + + IsothermalCompressibility + IsothermalCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 + 5-5.1 + + + + + - + - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - ElectricInductance - Inductance - ElectricInductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 - 6-41.1 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - - - - - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - CompositePhysicalObject - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + A flow of electric charge. + ElectricCurrent + ElectricCurrent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent + 6-1 + A flow of electric charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + + + + + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 + 6-35.1 + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - - - - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - - XrayDiffraction - XRD - XrayDiffraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography + + + + + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + MaximumEfficiency + CarnotEfficiency + MaximumEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 + 5-25.2 + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - - + + + + + + - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + + - - + - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + ParticleCurrentDensity + ParticleCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 + 10-48 + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - - - - - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - DiffusionLength - DiffusionLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 - 12-33 - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + + + + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + PrecipitationHardening + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deduction - IndexSemiosis - Deduction + + + + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + CoatingManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + Beschichten + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Semiosis - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process + + + + MergingManufacturing + AddingManufacturing + MergingManufacturing + -me -> interpreter -cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) -the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant -"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign + + + + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + CPlusPlus + C++ + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - - - - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - ThroughTile - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + + + + CompiledLanguage + CompiledLanguage - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a - SpatioTemporalTile - WellFormedTile - SpatioTemporalTile + + + + + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + SolidSolution + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - + - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + + + + SolidMixture + SolidMixture - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - ∇ + + - - Gradient - Gradient - - - - - - DifferentialOperator - DifferentialOperator - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - ThermalConductance - ThermalConductance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 - 5-13 - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 + + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. + +On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. + Interpreter + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). + +The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). - - - - - Magnitude of the wave vector. - AngularWavenumber - AngularRepetency - AngularWavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 - 3-22 - Magnitude of the wave vector. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + +The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. + +In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + SemioticObject + Object + SemioticObject + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - - - + + + - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - WaveVector - WaveVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 - 3-21 - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector + Degenerency + Multiplicity + Degenerency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 + 9-36.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 - - - - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - HardeningByRolling - VerfestigendurchWalzen - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + + + + + + + + + + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + Nucleus + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - - - - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - DPV - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + RedUpAntiQuark + RedUpAntiQuark - - - - - - + + + + + - - + - - - - - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - StandardModelParticle - ElementaryParticle - StandardModelParticle - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. - This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). -In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). - - - - - - Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this -is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). --- SI Brochure - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - FractionUnit - RatioUnit - FractionUnit - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - - - - - - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - DimensionlessUnit - DimensionlessUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - Refractive index -Plane angle -Number of apples + + + + + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + Cogniser + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. - - - - A pure number, typically the number of something. - According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. - -This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. + + + + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + Cognised + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. + -There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. - PureNumberQuantity - PureNumberQuantity - A pure number, typically the number of something. - 1, -i, -π, -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom + + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + + + + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + MaterialsProcessing + ContinuumManufacturing + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - + - + - + - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 - 10-41 - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + ElectricInductance + Inductance + ElectricInductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 + 6-41.1 + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - - - - - - - - - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - TemporalTiling - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + + + + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + Graviton + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton - - + + - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - LevelWidth - LevelWidth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 - 10-26 - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 - - - - - - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - Pressing - Anpressen - Pressing + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + NeutronYieldPerFission + NeutronYieldPerFission + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 + 10-74.1 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - + - - - - - - + + + T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - - CompositeFermion - CompositeFermion - Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: -spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron -spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - Fermion - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + + + ElectricChargePerMassUnit + ElectricChargePerMassUnit - + - - - - - - + + + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + - - - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - Holistic - Wholistic - Holistic - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + + + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. - A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. + + + + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + Organisation + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - + - + - Kinetic energy released per mass. - Kerma - Kerma - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 - 10-86.1 - Kinetic energy released per mass. + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + ThermalUtilizationFactor + ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 + 10-76 + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 2 + + + + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Proton + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Either a proton or a neutron. + Nucleon + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon - + @@ -10706,598 +10143,705 @@ The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the - + - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - DecayConstant - DisintegrationConstant - DecayConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 - 10-24 - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Index - Signal - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). -My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + ParticleFluenceRate + ParticleFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 + 10-44 + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - - - - - T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - VolumePerMassUnit - VolumePerMassUnit + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + ExchangeIntegral + ExchangeIntegral + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 + 12-34 + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - - - + + - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassDefect - RelativeMassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 - 10-22.2 - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + Average power over a period. + ActivePower + ActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 + 6-56 + Average power over a period. - - + + + + + + + - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - - + - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + Power + Power + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power + 4-27 + 6-45 + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - - - - - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - ReactorTimeConstant - ReactorTimeConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 - 10-79 - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + + + + + BlueTopQuark + BlueTopQuark - - - - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - Duration - Duration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 - 3-9 - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ThirdGenerationFermion + ThirdGenerationFermion - - - - - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - FermiEnergy - FermiEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 - 12-27.1 - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 + + + + + BlueBottomQuark + BlueBottomQuark - + - T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - Action - Action - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 - 4-32 - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 + 12-15.2 + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + MeanFreePath + MeanFreePath + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 + 9-38 + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 + + + + - + - + - - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - Mass - Mass - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass - 4-1 - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 + + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + Observation + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - + + + + + + + + + + - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - ElectricResistanceUnit - ElectricResistanceUnit + + + + + + + + + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Determination + Characterisation + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. - - + + - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Potentiometry - Potentiometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + + XrayPowderDiffraction + XRPD + XrayPowderDiffraction + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction - - - - - - - - - - - - - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - ExtentOfReaction - ExtentOfReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 - 9-31 - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 + + + + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + + XrayDiffraction + XRD + XrayDiffraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - - - - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - ContinuumSubstance - ContinuumSubstance - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + + + + SizeDefinedMaterial + SizeDefinedMaterial + -A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + SpatiallyFundamental + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - + + + + + + + + + + + + + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + Fundamental + Lifetime + Maximal + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. + +On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + +Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuark + UpAntiQuark + + + + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + Bending + Bending + + + + - - + - - Quantity in condensed matter physics. - EnergyDensityOfStates - EnergyDensityOfStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 - 12-16 - Quantity in condensed matter physics. + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + MassAttenuationCoefficient + MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 + 10-50 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - - - - - + + + - - + + - - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - DensityOfVibrationalStates - DensityOfVibrationalStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 - 12-12 - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + Array3D + 3DArray + Array3D + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - - - - - + + + + Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. + +See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. + Array + Array + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, +a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, +an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, +and so forth... + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - MolarConductivity - MolarConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 - 9-45 - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 + + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + SpatioTemporalTessellation + WellFormedTessellation + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - - - + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + GasSolidSuspension + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + Dust, sand storm. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GasMixture + GasMixture + + + + + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - DownQuark - DownQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark - - - - - - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - Hazard - Hazard - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + Suspensions show no significant effect on light. + Suspension + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - - - - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - FE-SEM - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + + + + + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - - - + + + - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. - MixingRatio - MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas - MixingRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 - 5-30 - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + MassConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - + - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - PerVolumeUnit - PerVolumeUnit + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - TotalIonization - TotalIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 - 10-59 - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. +ISO 80000-1 + Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. - - - - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - MaterialsProcessing - ContinuumManufacturing - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. +Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. + Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. + +For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. + +However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. + +For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + +As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). + — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, +— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and +— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. +ISO 80000-1 + PhysicalQuantity + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - - + + + + - - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + - - - - AmountPerMassUnit - AmountPerMassUnit + + + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedModel + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + + + + + + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + GroupVelocity + GroupSpeed + GroupVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity + 3-23.2 + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity - - - - - - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. - RelativeHumidity - RelativeHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 - 5-33 - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + LengthFractionUnit + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + Unit for plane angle. - - - + + + - For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + Wavenumber + Repetency + Wavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + 3-20 + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - + + - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - Moulding - Gesenkformen - Moulding + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + Grinding + Grinding + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - - - + + + - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - GibbsEnergy - GibbsFreeEnergy - GibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 - 5-20.5 - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 + ElectrolyticConductivity + ElectrolyticConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 + 9-44 - + + + + - - + + - - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - CharacterisationEnvironment - CharacterisationEnvironment - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - - - - - - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - SparkErosion - elektrochemisches Abtragen - SparkErosion - - - - - - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - Ablation - Abtragen - Ablation - - - - - - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 - 9-16 - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - - - - - LatentHeat - LatentHeat - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 - 5-6.2 +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + ElectricConductivity + Conductivity + ElectricConductivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 + 6-43 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - - - - In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - MetrologicalUncertainty - A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. - MetrologicalUncertainty - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - - Standard deviation -- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + + + + + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 + 10-32 + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - - - - - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - MechanicalEfficiency - MechanicalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 - 4-29 - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + Role + HolisticPart + Part + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - - - + + - + - + - + @@ -11305,115 +10849,146 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - - BottomAntiQuark - BottomAntiQuark + + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Fluid + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Gas, liquid, plasma, - - - - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Modeller - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + ContinuumSubstance + ContinuumSubstance + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + +A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. - - - - - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - Aerosol - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + TransferMolding + TransferMolding - - + + + + FormingFromPlastic + FormingFromPlastic + + + - + - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - GyromagneticRatio - GyromagneticCoefficient - MagnetogyricRatio - GyromagneticRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 - 10-12.1 - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 + 10-38.1 + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - - - - - - + + + + Folding + Folding + + + + + + FormingJoin + FormingJoin + + + + - - + + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - + + - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - MagneticFlux - MagneticFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - 6-22.1 - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 + AmountPerMassUnit + AmountPerMassUnit - - - - - DebyeTemperature - DebyeTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 - 12-11 + + + + InterferenceFitting + InterferenceFitting - - - - - + + + + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + Pressing + Anpressen + Pressing + + + + - - + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + AreicSpeedUnit + AreicSpeedUnit + -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - AvogadroConstant - AvogadroConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + + + + + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + MuonNeutrino + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino + -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + + + + + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Behaviour + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. - + @@ -11421,671 +10996,666 @@ It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - + - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - VolumicCrossSection - MacroscopicCrossSection - VolumicCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 - 10-42.1 - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 + Time derivative of exposure. + ExposureRate + ExposureRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 + 10-89 + Time derivative of exposure. - - - - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - - Probe - Probe - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. - In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. - In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) - In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). - In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + SystemResource + Resource + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - - - + + + - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 - 10-15.3 - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + GrandPartionFunction + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 + 9-35.3 - - - - - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - MassFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction - 9-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + + + + GravitySintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + Loose-powderSintering + PressurelessSintering + GravitySintering - - - - - Expectation value of the energy imparted. - MeanEnergyImparted - MeanEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 - 10-80.2 - Expectation value of the energy imparted. + + + + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Rationale + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - + - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - PerPressureUnit - PerPressureUnit + + MomentumUnit + MomentumUnit - - + + + + - - T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - ElectricChargeAreaUnit - ElectricChargeAreaUnit + + + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + Baryon + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - - + + + + + + + + + + + - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - PhaseOfMatter - Phase - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + CompositeFermion + CompositeFermion + Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: +spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron +spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) + -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + + + + + + + + + + + + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + Hadron + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron - - + + + - + - - - - - - - + + - - UpAntiQuarkType - UpAntiQuarkType + + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + Substance + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - + + - + - + - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - Exposure - Exposure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 - 10-88 - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + ElectricResistivity + Resistivity + ElectricResistivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 + 6-44 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - + + + + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + Deduced + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Index + Signal + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). +My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + + + + - - - + + - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - ChemicalAffinity - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 - 9-30 - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + FineStructureConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - + + + + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + MeasuredConstant + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + + + - T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - MagneticFluxDensityUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - + + + + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + MercuryPorosimetry + MercuryPorosimetry + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + + + + + + + Porosimetry + Porosimetry + + + + + - - + - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - FundamentalLatticeVector - FundamentalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 - 12-1.2 - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + DecayConstant + DisintegrationConstant + DecayConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 + 10-24 + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 - + + - - + - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - MassFlow - MassFlow - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 - 4-30.1 - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - - - - - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - HPPC - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - HPPC - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - - - - - - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Chronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. - -In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. - This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. - BondedAtom - BondedAtom - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + VolumicTotalCrossSection + MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + VolumicTotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 + 10-42.2 + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - - + + - - + + - - + + - - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - Atom - ChemicalElement - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - - - - - - - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - DragCoefficient - DragFactor - DragCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 - 4-23.4 - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - - - - - - - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 - 10-32 - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + + + + + + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Manufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + Manufacturing + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren - + - - + - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - VolumicElectromagneticEnergy - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 - 6-33 - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + ReciprocalDuration + InverseDuration + InverseTime + ReciprocalTime + ReciprocalDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 - - + + - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - GITT - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - - - + + + + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + DataPostProcessing + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + + + + + - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - TotalAngularMomentum - TotalAngularMomentum - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 - 10-11 - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + CurieTemperature + CurieTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 + 12-35.1 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - - - - - - + + - - + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - SpecificEntropy - SpecificEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 - 5-19 + InductanceUnit + InductanceUnit + + + + + + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + DSC + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + + + + + + + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + DisplacementVector + DisplacementVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 + 12-7.3 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + + + + + + + BlueDownQuark + BlueDownQuark - - + + - - - - - - + + Δ - - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - Uncoded - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - A random generated id for a product. + + Laplacian + Laplacian - + + + + DifferentialOperator + DifferentialOperator + + + - T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - - - - - - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - Symbol - AlphabeticEntity - Symbol - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). - -Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. -(Wikipedia) - The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - VolumeFlowRate - VolumetricFlowRate - VolumeFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 - 4-31 - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate + + + + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - + - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - AbsorbedDoseUnit - AbsorbedDoseUnit + + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - - - - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + ElectronNeutrino + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino - - - - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Electrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + + + + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + Metrological + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - + - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - MomentumUnit - MomentumUnit + + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - - - - - - - - + + + + ModulusOfImpedance + ModulusOfImpedance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 + 6-51.4 + + + + + + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + Language + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + + + + + + + Kinetic energy released per mass. + Kerma + Kerma + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 + 10-86.1 + Kinetic energy released per mass. + + + + + + + + - - + + - - A boolean number. - Boolean - Boolean - A boolean number. + + Energy per unit mass + SpecificEnergy + SpecificEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy + 5-21.1 + Energy per unit mass + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy - + + + + + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + Gas + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + + + + - + + + + + + + + - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - QualityFactor - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 - 10-82 - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 + 10-51 + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + + + + + + + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + PartialPressure + PartialPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 + 9-19 + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 - + + + - - - + - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - MolecularConcentration - MolecularConcentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 - 9-9.2 - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - - - - - - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - Concentration - Concentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 - - - - - - - GreenStrangeAntiQuark - GreenStrangeAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrangeAntiQuark - StrangeAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GreenAntiQuark - GreenAntiQuark + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + Pressure + Pressure + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure + 4-14.1 + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - + @@ -12097,181 +11667,96 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - AbsorbedDoseRate - AbsorbedDoseRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 - 10-84 - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + Time derivative of kerma. + KermaRate + KermaRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 + 10-86.2 + Time derivative of kerma. - - - + + - - - - - - + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Deducer - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. - Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. - - - - - - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - Planing - Hobeln - Planing + + + + VolumeUnit + VolumeUnit - + - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerAreaTimeUnit - PerAreaTimeUnit + LengthUnit + LengthUnit - - - - - - - 1 - - + + + + + - - - 1 + + - - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - PrefixedUnit - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + + Volume per amount of substance. + MolarVolume + MolarVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 + 9-5 + Volume per amount of substance. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - UnitSymbol - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". + + + + Broadcast + Broadcast - - - - - + + - - + + - - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - Coercivity - Coercivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 - 6-31 - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + MixedTiling + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - + - T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - - - - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - Variable - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - x -k - - - - - - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - CommandLanguage - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - Unix shell. -Batch programming languages. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language - - - - - - - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - ResonanceEnergy - ResonanceEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 - 10-37.2 - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + TimeUnit + TimeUnit @@ -12294,267 +11779,233 @@ Batch programming languages. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - - - - Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. - The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped - The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - - SquareWaveVoltammetry - OSWV - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry - SWV - SquareWaveVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - - - - - - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - DisplacementCurrentDensity - DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 - 6-18 - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - - - - - + + + - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 - 5-29 - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + Square root of the slowing down area. + SlowingDownLength + SlowingDownLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 + 10-73.1 + Square root of the slowing down area. - + - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerTimeUnit - VolumePerTimeUnit + SexticLengthUnit + SexticLengthUnit - - + + - + - + - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 - 10-4.3 - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + LuminousIntensity + LuminousIntensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity + 7-14 + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - - - - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - QuantumDecay - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + LightAndRadiationQuantity + LightAndRadiationQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - - - - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - CausalExpansion - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + + + + + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + BeginStep + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - + - - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 - + + + + + + + - + + + + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + Step + Step + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + + + + + + + + BeginTile + BeginTile + + + + + + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + UnitOne + Unitless + UnitOne + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Refractive index or volume fraction. + Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + + + + - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. + Diameter + Diameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter + 3-1.5 + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter - + - + - + - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity - AreaDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - - - - GreenBottomQuark - GreenBottomQuark + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + VolumeFlowRate + VolumetricFlowRate + VolumeFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 + 4-31 + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate - - - - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. - MachineCell - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + + + + + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + SourceCode + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. - FunctionalIcon - FunctionalIcon - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). - A guinea pig. - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + + + + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + MathematicalOperator + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. + The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - CharacterisationSystem - CharacterisationSystem - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Measuring system + + MathematicalSymbol + MathematicalSymbol - + - - - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - MagneticReluctanceUnit - MagneticReluctanceUnit - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - Mass per length. - LinearMassDensity - LinearDensity - LineicMass - LinearMassDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 - 4-6 - Mass per length. - - - - - - - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - IterativeStep - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. + + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + CharacterisationWorkflow + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. @@ -12576,312 +12027,273 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. Workflow Workflow A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - - - + + - - Δ + + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Laplacian - Laplacian + + + + PerAreaTimeUnit + PerAreaTimeUnit - - - - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - NaturalProcess - NonIntentionalProcess - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + + + + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Heteronuclear + Heteronuclear + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - BaseUnit - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - base unit + + + + Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. + + OutlierRemoval + OutlierRemoval + Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. - - - - - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - MobilityRatio - MobilityRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 - 12-31 - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + + + + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + DataFiltering + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - - - - - - + + - - + + T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - ParticleSourceDensity - ParticleSourceDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 - 10-66 - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - - - - - - - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - Quantum - Quantum - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. -However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerTemperatureTimeUnit - PerTemperatureTimeUnit + PerTimeMassUnit + PerTimeMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + CurrentLinkage + CurrentLinkage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 + 6-37.4 + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + + + + + + + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + ElectronRadius + ElectronRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 + 10-19.2 + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + + + + + - - + + + + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + CharacterisationSystem + CharacterisationSystem + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Measuring system + + + + - - - 1 + + - - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - CalibrationProcess - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - + + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - - - - - GreenStrangeQuark - GreenStrangeQuark - +-- VIM + MeasuringSystem + MeasuringSystem + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrangeQuark - StrangeQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark +-- VIM + measuring system - - + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - GreenQuark - GreenQuark + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + ElementaryParticle + SingleParticleChain + ElementaryParticle + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondGenerationFermion - SecondGenerationFermion + + + + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - Estimation - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + + + + + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 + 5-17.1 + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - - - - - - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - Solid - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + + + + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + Rolling + Walzen + Rolling + + + + + + + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + AbsoluteHumidity + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + 5-28 + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + + + + + + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + DiscreteData + DiscreteData + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + + + + + + StandardEquilibriumConstant + ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant + StandardEquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 + 9-32 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 + + + + + + + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + HalfValueThickness + HalfValueThickness + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 + 10-53 + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. @@ -12891,1034 +12303,976 @@ standards. FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - - + + - FormingFromLiquid - FormingFromLiquid - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 - 4-21.2 + DippingForms + DippingForms - + + - - + - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 - 4-21.1 - - - - - - Enthalpy per unit mass. - SpecificEnthalpy - SpecificEnthalpy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 - 5-21.3 - Enthalpy per unit mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy - - - - - - GluonType1 - GluonType1 + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + AbsorbedDoseRate + AbsorbedDoseRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 + 10-84 + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - - - - - At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - AreicHeatFlowRate - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 - 5-8 - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 + + + + C + C - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - + + - Power transferred per unit area. - Intensity - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) + LuminousIntensityUnit + LuminousIntensityUnit - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidLiquidSuspension - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + + + + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + ProductionSystem + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + + + + + + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + Network + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - - - + + + - Partition function of a molecule. - MolecularPartitionFunction - MolecularPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 - 9-35.4 - Partition function of a molecule. + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + NonLeakageProbability + NonLeakageProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 + 10-77 + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - - - - - - EndTile - EndTile + + + + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - ThermalInsulance - CoefficientOfThermalInsulance - ThermalInsulance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 - 5-11 - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + + + + CSharp + C# + CSharp - - - - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - Holder - Holder - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + + + + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + Hardening + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - - - - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - MutualInductance - MutualInductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 - 6-41.2 - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + Chronocoulometry + Chronocoulometry + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - CoatingManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - Beschichten - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + + + + PhysicalyUnbonded + PhysicalyUnbonded - - - - MergingManufacturing - AddingManufacturing - MergingManufacturing + + + + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - - - - - + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + - - - - - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - JunctionTile - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + + + + + DownAntiQuark + DownAntiQuark - - - - - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - Gas - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuarkType + DownAntiQuarkType - - - - + + - - + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 - - - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - Vector - 1DArray - LinearArray - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + + + + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - SolidAerosol - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + StateOfMatter + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + + + + + + + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + ProtonMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - + + + + + + + + + + + + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + Data + Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 + Contrast + Dedomena + Pattern + Data + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. + + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - MagneticFluxUnit - MagneticFluxUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - - SampleInspectionInstrument - SampleInspectionInstrument + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + Dispersion + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - + + + + A single phase mixture. + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. + + + + + + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. + MathematicalFormula + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + + + - - - - + + + + - + + - - - - - - + + - - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - Role - HolisticPart - Part - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + + MathematicalConstruct + MathematicalConstruct - - - - - - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - RollingResistance - RollingDrag - RollingFrictionForce - RollingResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 - 4-9.5 - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + + + + A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + MaterialRelation + MaterialRelation + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + The Lennard-Jones potential. +A force field. +An Hamiltonian. - - - - - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - RollingResistanceFactor - RollingResistanceFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 - 4-23.3 - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + + + + + + + + + + + An equation with variables can always be represented as: + +f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) + +where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + Equation + Equation + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + 2+3 = 5 +x^2 +3x = 5x +dv/dt = a +sin(x) = y - - - - - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - ExchangeIntegral - ExchangeIntegral - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 - 12-34 - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiElectronType + AntiElectronType - - - - - InjectionMolding - InjectionMolding + + + + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + SourceVoltage + SourceTension + SourceVoltage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 + 6-36 + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - - - - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - ArchetypeJoin - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + Atom + ChemicalElement + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - - - - - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 - 12-36.2 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - + + - - + - Often denoted B. - Strength of the magnetic field. - MagneticFluxDensity - MagneticInduction - MagneticFluxDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 - 6-21 - Strength of the magnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - - - - - - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - ZBoson - NeutralWeakBoson - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 + 10-52 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - - + + + - + - For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - SolubilityProduct - SolubilityProductConstant - SolubilityProduct - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 - - - - - - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - Porosity - Porosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 + 10-18 + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - - + + + + + - - T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - - - - - - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - DataPostProcessing - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - - - - - - - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. - SubObject - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. - - - - - - An holistic temporal part of a whole. - TemporalRole - HolisticTemporalPart - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. - - - - - - C - C - + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - - - - CompiledLanguage - CompiledLanguage - +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. - - - - HardeningByDrawing - HardeningByDrawing +-- ISO 80000-3 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + PositionVector + Position + PositionVector + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - - - - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - ShellScript - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script + + + + A meson with spin two. + TensorMeson + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. - - - - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - DeepDrawing - Tiefziehen - DeepDrawing + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + Meson + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson - - + + - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - RapidPrototyping - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + DeepFreezing + Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze + Tieftemperaturbehandeln + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - - - - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - AdditiveManufacturing - GenerativeManufacturing - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + + + + + + + + + + + SectionModulus + SectionModulus + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 + 4-22 - + - T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerMassUnit - ElectricChargePerMassUnit + SquareTimePerMassUnit + SquareTimePerMassUnit - - - - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - CharacterisedSample - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + + + + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + RelativePermeability + RelativePermeability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 + 6-27 + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 - - - - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + + + At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: +pH < 7 are acidic; +pH = 7 are neutral; +pH > 7 are alkaline. +At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + Written as pH + PH + PH + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 + For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 - - - - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - ApplicationProgram - App - Application - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. + + + + Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. + The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + IonActivity + IonActivity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - + + + - + + + + + + + - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - LondonPenetrationDepth - LondonPenetrationDepth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 - 12-38.1 - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + AcceptorDensity + AcceptorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 + 12-29.5 + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - - - - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - Grinding - Schleifen - Grinding + + + + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + NanoMaterial + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - - - - UndefinedEdgeCutting - Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden - UndefinedEdgeCutting + + + + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + CompressionTesting + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - + + + + + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + GapEnergy + BandgapEnergy + GapEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 + 12-27.2 + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 + + + - - - - + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - + + + + - - MathematicalSymbol - MathematicalSymbol - - - - - - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - IMC - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - - - - - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - ThermochemicalTesting - TMA - ThermochemicalTesting - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - PhysicallyInteracting - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - - - - - - A construction language used to write configuration files. - ConfigurationLanguage - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - .ini files - Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Declaration + ConventionalSemiosis + Declaration - - - - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - NaturalLaw - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + + + + HardeningByDrawing + HardeningByDrawing - - - - - - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - ScientificTheory - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + + + + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + BET + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory - - - - - Position vector of a particle. - ParticlePositionVector - ParticlePositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 - 12-7.1 - Position vector of a particle. + + + + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - - - + + - - + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - SymbolicConstruct - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - - - - - - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - NonEncodedData - EnvironmentalData - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + + + + MassPerAmountUnit + MassPerAmountUnit - - - + + + - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - RelativePermeability - RelativePermeability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 - 6-27 - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + TotalAngularMomentum + TotalAngularMomentum + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 + 10-11 + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - + - + - + - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - TotalMassStoppingPower - MassStoppingPower - TotalMassStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 - 10-55 - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - - - - - - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - Deduced - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + AngularMomentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum + 4-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - - - - - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. - SpecialUnit - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Pa stands for N/m2 -J stands for N m + + + + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - - - - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - Metrological - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + + + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + 5-35 - - - - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - OpticalMicroscopy - OpticalMicroscopy - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + + + + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + SolidAerosol + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - - - - - BlueBottomQuark - BlueBottomQuark + + + + + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + Aerosol + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - - - - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - + + + - ThermalTransmittanceUnit - ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 + 12-13 - - - - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - CyclicVoltammetry - CV - CyclicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + DerivedQuantity + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + derived quantity - - - - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + + + + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - + - + - + - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - MomentOfIntertia - MomentOfIntertia - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 - 4-7 - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + MolarConductivity + MolarConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 + 9-45 + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 - - - - A real matrix with shape 4x3. - Shape4x3Matrix - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. + + + + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + ElectricImpedance + Impedance + ElectricImpedance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 + 6-51.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance - - - - - - - - - - - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - Matrix - 2DArray - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + + + + + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + LevelWidth + LevelWidth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 + 10-26 + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 - - - - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - CharacterisationExperiment - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + + + + ISO80000Categorised + ISO80000Categorised - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - Experiment - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - - - - - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - CompressionTesting - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - Product - Output - Product - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - - - - - - - ElementaryFermion - ElementaryFermion + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + + ProbeSampleInteraction + ProbeSampleInteraction + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - - + @@ -13926,856 +13280,830 @@ It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentio - + - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar -field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. - ElectricPotential - ElectroStaticPotential - ElectricPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential - 6-11.1 - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - - - - - - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - Rolling - Walzen - Rolling - - - - - - - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - CharacterisationProperty - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + VolumicElectromagneticEnergy + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 + 6-33 + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - - - - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - - SecondaryData - Elaborated data - SecondaryData - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Deconvoluted curves - Intensity maps + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + ParticleSourceDensity + ParticleSourceDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 + 10-66 + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - - - + + - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - RelaxationTime - RelaxationTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 - 12-32.1 - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + NuclearGFactor + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 + 10-14.2 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - - - - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - TimeConstant - TimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 - 3-15 - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + + + + + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + GFactor + GFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - - - - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - Description - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A biography. - A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + + + + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + DisplacementCurrent + DisplacementCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 + 6-19.1 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - - - - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + + + + + + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + Path + Path + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) +C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - Time derivative of kerma. - KermaRate - KermaRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 - 10-86.2 - Time derivative of kerma. + + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + ResourceIdentifier + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - - + + + + + RedStrangeAntiQuark + RedStrangeAntiQuark + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - PhysicalObject - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + + RedAntiQuark + RedAntiQuark - - - - - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - ActiveEnergy - ActiveEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 - 6-62 - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + + + + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + ArchetypeJoin + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - - - - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Detector - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM - Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing + + + + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + PowerDensityUnit + PowerDensityUnit - - - - Observed - Observed - The biography of a person met by the author. - + + + + + + + + + + + + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - - - - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. -It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + Holistic + Wholistic + Holistic + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. -In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - Theory - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - - - - - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 - 10-78.2 - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. + A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - SquareTemperatureUnit - SquareTemperatureUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - MolarGasConstant - MolarGasConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant - 9-37.1 - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + + + + + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + SerialWorkflow + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + + + + + + A tessellation of temporal slices. + Sequence + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - SpecificGasConstant - SpecificGasConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 - 5-26 - - - - - - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - MultiSimulation - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + VolumePerMassUnit + VolumePerMassUnit - + - + - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - Lethargy - Lethargy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 - 10-69 - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + FastFissionFactor + FastFissionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 + 10-75 + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - - - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - SpatialTile - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + + + + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + Symbol + AlphabeticEntity + Symbol + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). + +Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. +(Wikipedia) + The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. - - - - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. - Command - Command - From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. + + + + + + + + + + + + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + Symbolic + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + fe780 +emmo +!5*a +cat +for(i=0;i<N;++i) + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. +For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). - + - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - / - - - - Division - Division + + ElectricConductanceUnit + ElectricConductanceUnit - + + + - - - + - - - - - ParticleConcentration - ParticleConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 - 9-9.1 - - - - - Count per volume. - VolumetricNumberDensity - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. - - - - - - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - AES - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + SpecificActivity + MassicActivity + SpecificActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 + 10-28 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - RedStrangeQuark - RedStrangeQuark - - - - - - - ActivityCoefficient - ActivityCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 - 9-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 - - - - - - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - NSE - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - - - - - ArithmeticEquation - ArithmeticEquation - 1 + 1 = 2 + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + Quark + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark - - - - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - Nexafs - Nexafs - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + Acceleration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration + 3-9.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - - - - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - FormingBlasting - Umformstrahlen - FormingBlasting + + + + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + VoltagePhasor + VoltagePhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 + 6-50 + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - - + + + + + + + - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - + - TemperatureUnit - TemperatureUnit + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar +field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. + ElectricPotential + ElectroStaticPotential + ElectricPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential + 6-11.1 + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - + - - - - - - + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - Fundamental - Lifetime - Maximal - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. - -On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. - -Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. + + + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - + - Dissociation may occur stepwise. - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - DegreeOfDissociation - DissociationFraction - DegreeOfDissociation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 - 9-43 - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 - - - - - - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + OsmoticFactorOfSolvent + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 + 9-27.2 + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 - - + - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - 5-35 - - - - - - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - CyclicChronopotentiometry - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - - - - - - - T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - SquareTimePerMassUnit - SquareTimePerMassUnit + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + Tortuosity + Tortuosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - - + + - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - Welding - Schweißen - Welding + ReactionSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + ReactionSintering - + - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + TensileTesting + TensionTest + TensileTesting + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - - + + - CanonicalPartitionFunction - CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 - 9-35.2 + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 + 10-13.3 + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - - - - - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, - Solution - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + + + + PolymericMaterial + PolymericMaterial - - + + + + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + ZBoson + NeutralWeakBoson + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + - + - - - - - - - - + + + - - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - Dispersion - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + + WeakBoson + WeakBoson - - - - A single phase mixture. - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. + + + + + + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. + RelativeHumidity + RelativeHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 + 5-33 + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity - - - - - - - - - - - - - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - File - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + + + + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + PseudovectorMeson + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson - - - - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - DigitalData - BinaryData - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + + + + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + GammaSpectrometry + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - - + + + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - IntermediateSample - IntermediateSample + Spectrometry + Spectrometry + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - + + + + + + + + + + - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - - - VolumePerTemperatureUnit - VolumePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - BlueCharmAntiQuark - BlueCharmAntiQuark + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + Conventional + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - - + + - + - + - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - LatticeVector - LatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 - 12-1.1 - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + IonicStrength + IonicStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 + 9-42 + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - - - + + - - + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + + + + PerTemperatureUnit + PerTemperatureUnit - - + + + - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - Mixture - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + LiquidSol + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - - - - - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - IonTransportNumber - CurrentFraction - TransferrenceNumber - IonTransportNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 - 9-46 - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 + + + + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + Sol + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - - - - - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - LongRangeOrderParameter - LongRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 - 12-5.2 - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + + + + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - - - - - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - RelativeLinearStrain - RelativeLinearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 - 4-17.2 - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 + + + + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + DPV + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - Tessellation - Tiling - Tessellation - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. - - - - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - ExactConstant - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + CalibrationProcess + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. - - - - FORTRAN - FORTRAN +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - - - + + + - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - RelativeMassDensity - RelativeDensity - RelativeMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 - 4-4 - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + ReactionEnergy + ReactionEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 + 10-37.1 + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - - + + + + + + + + + + + - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - DimensionalUnit - DimensionalUnit - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - - - - - - - BlueUpAntiQuark - BlueUpAntiQuark + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + ThermalConductance + ThermalConductance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 + 5-13 + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 - - + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + @@ -14783,724 +14111,780 @@ Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of - BlueAntiQuark - BlueAntiQuark - - - - - - - SamplePreparationInstrument - SamplePreparationInstrument + UpQuarkType + UpQuarkType - - - - - T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 + 12-36.2 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - - - - TransferMolding - TransferMolding + + + + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + CausalExpansion + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - - - - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - Inequality - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - f(x) > 0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + Entropy per amount of substance. + MolarEntropy + MolarEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 + 9-8 + Entropy per amount of substance. - - - - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. - MathematicalFormula - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + + + + A construction language used to write configuration files. + ConfigurationLanguage + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + .ini files + Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages - - - - Describes the level of automation of the test. - LevelOfAutomation - LevelOfAutomation - Describes the level of automation of the test. + + + + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + ConstructionLanguage + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - RotationalDisplacement - AngularDisplacement - RotationalDisplacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 - 3-6 - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + LinearEnergyTransfer + LinearEnergyTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 + 10-85 + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 - - + + + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - TotalCurrentDensity - TotalCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 - 6-20 - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - - - - - - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Laboratory - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + PressurePerTemperatureUnit + PressurePerTemperatureUnit - + + - - + - Mass increment per time. - MassChangeRate - MassChangeRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 - 4-30.3 - Mass increment per time. + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + EnergyFluenceRate + EnergyFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 + 10-47 + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - - + + + + Internal energy per unit mass. + SpecificInternalEnergy + SpecificInternalEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 + 5-21.2 + Internal energy per unit mass. + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - Manufacturer - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + Whole + Whole + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - - + + + + + + - - T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + + - MassAreaUnit - MassAreaUnit + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + AbsorbedDose + AbsorbedDose + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + 10-81.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 - - + + + - Product of force and displacement. - Work - Work - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work - Product of force and displacement. - 4-28.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + SpecificEnergyImparted + SpecificEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 + 10-81.2 + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - - + + + + + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 + 12-29.3 + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - MaterialsModel - https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + + ReciprocalVolume + ReciprocalVolume - - + + - ThermalSprayingForming - ThermalSprayingForming + UndefinedEdgeCutting + Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden + UndefinedEdgeCutting + + + + + + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + SpecificGibbsEnergy + SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 + 5-21.5 + Gibbs energy per unit mass. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + ElectricFlux + ElectricFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 + 6-17 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + + + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + + AreaUnit + AreaUnit - - + + - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 - 10-13.6 - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + CentreOfMass + CentreOfMass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - DisplacementVector - DisplacementVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 - 12-7.3 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - - - - - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - AbsoluteHumidity - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - 5-28 - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + CelsiusTemperature + CelsiusTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature + 5-2 + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 - - - - - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Stage - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. + + + + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + Cleaning + Cleaning - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Determiner - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + + The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + ThermalResistance + ThermalResistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 + 5-12 + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - - - - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - Procedure - Elaboration - Work - Procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). -The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. -The execution of an algorithm. - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + + + + + GreenBottomAntiQuark + GreenBottomAntiQuark - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BottomAntiQuark + BottomAntiQuark - - - - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - Computation - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - A matematician that calculates 2+2. -A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. + + + + + RedStrangeQuark + RedStrangeQuark - - - - - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - PhaseDifference - DisplacementAngle - PhaseDifference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 - 6-48 - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + + + + + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + OrdinaryMatter + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - - - - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - Tempering - QuenchingAndTempering - Vergüten - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + + + + + + + + + + + + + JouleThomsonCoefficient + JouleThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 + 5-24 - - - - - - - - - - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - CondensedMatter - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + + + + + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + VacuumElectricPermittivity + PermittivityOfVacuum + VacuumElectricPermittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum + 6-14.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - - + + + + + + + - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - PerAreaUnit - PerAreaUnit + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + Permittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity + 6-14.1 + 6-14.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - + - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - AngularMomentumUnit - AngularMomentumUnit + + PerVolumeUnit + PerVolumeUnit - - - - - RedBottomAntiQuark - RedBottomAntiQuark + + + + + + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + Solid + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - - - - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + + + + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Unknown + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. - - - - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - Sintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering - Sintern - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + + + + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + NumericalVariable + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - - - - - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 - 6-35.1 - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + + + + + Extrusion + Extrusion - - - - - + + + - - + + + + + + - - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - ModulusOfCompression - BulkModulus - ModulusOfCompression - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 - 4-19.3 - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + KnownConstant + KnownConstant + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - - - - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Chronocoulometry - Chronocoulometry - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + Constant + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - - - - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Coulometry - Coulometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiNeutrinoType + AntiNeutrinoType - - - - - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - Simulation - Modelling - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. + + + + RightHandedParticle + RightHandedParticle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiLepton + AntiLepton + + + + + + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + DataPreparation + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - - - - Sum of electric current and displacement current - TotalCurrent - TotalCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 - 6-19.2 - Sum of electric current and displacement current + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + DataProcessing + DataProcessing + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - - - - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - Enthalpy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy - 5.20-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + + + + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + Welding + Schweißen + Welding - - + + + - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum + 6-35.2 + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - - - - - ActivityOfSolute - RelativeActivityOfSolute - ActivityOfSolute - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 - 9-24 + + + + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + LinearScanVoltammetry + LSV + LinearPolarization + LinearSweepVoltammetry + LinearScanVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - + + - - + + - + + + + + - - MathematicalConstruct - MathematicalConstruct - - - - - - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + MetrologicalSymbol + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - - - - - ThermodynamicEfficiency - ThermalEfficiency - ThermodynamicEfficiency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 - 5-25.1 + + + + + + + + + + + + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + NonPrefixedUnit + NonPrefixedUnit + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - - - - - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - SlowingDownArea - SlowingDownArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 - 10-72.1 - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + + + + FlameCutting + FlameCutting - - + - + - + - Extent of a surface. - Area - Area - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area - 3-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - - - - - - - T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - - - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - - - - - - - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - PropagationCoefficient - PropagationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 - 3-26.3 - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - - - - - - - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - SolidFoam - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - Aerogel + Mass per length. + LinearMassDensity + LinearDensity + LineicMass + LinearMassDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 + 4-6 + Mass per length. - - - - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - Foam - Foam - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Heat capacity divided by mass. + SpecificHeatCapacity + SpecificHeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity + 5-16.1 + Heat capacity divided by mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 - - - + + - + - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - MassExcess - MassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 - 10-21.1 - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + FundamentalLatticeVector + FundamentalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 + 12-1.2 + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - + @@ -15508,1299 +14892,1237 @@ Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point - + - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - RecombinationCoefficient - RecombinationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 - 10-63 - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - - - - - - - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - LiquidFoam - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - - - - - - - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 - 12-35.3 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - - - - - - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - CriticalTemperature - CriticalTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 + 10-87 + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - + + - - CharmAntiQuark - CharmAntiQuark + + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + CausalPath + CausalChain + Elementary + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. + hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) - - - - - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - InternalConversionFactor - InternalConversionCoefficient - InternalConversionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 - 10-35 - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + PhysicalParticle + Particle + PhysicalParticle + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - - + + + + - - - - + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Declaration - ConventionalSemiosis - Declaration + + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + Operator + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - - - - CausallHairedSystem - CausallHairedSystem + + + + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + DoseEquivalentRate + DoseEquivalentRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 + 10-83.2 + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - - - - - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - ElectronNeutrino - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino + + + + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - NeutrinoType - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino + + + + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + LevelOfExpertise + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - - + + - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - KineticFrictionForce - DynamicFrictionForce - KineticFrictionForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 - 4-9.4 - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + RelativeVolumeStrain + BulkStrain + VolumeStrain + RelativeVolumeStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 + 4-17.4 + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 - - - - - ShearOrTorsionTesting - ShearOrTorsionTesting + + + + A function defined using functional notation. + A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). + MathematicalFunction + FunctionDefinition + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - Tau - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) - + + + + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + DefiningEquation + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - - - - - - HardwareManufacturer - HardwareManufacturer +The definition of density as mass/volume. + +y = f(x) - - - - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + + + + HelmholtzEnergy + HelmholtzFreeEnergy + HelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 + 5-20.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 - - + + - - HardwareModel - HardwareModel + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + WearTesting + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - - - + + - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - ElectronRadius - ElectronRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 - 10-19.2 - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + Angle + PlaneAngle + Angle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + 3-5 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - + + + - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - Radius - Radius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius - 3-1.6 - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + ShearStrain + ShearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 + 4-17.3 + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 - - - - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression - AlgebricExpression - 2x+3 + + + + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + Smoke + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - - - - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - Expression - Expression - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + + + + MultiParticlePath + MultiParticlePath - - - - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - DataAnalysis - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + + + + + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularFrequency + DebyeAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 + 12-10 + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - DataProcessing - DataProcessing - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + + + + + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + CarrierLifetime + CarrierLifetime + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 + 12-32.2 + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + + + + + + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + TimeConstant + TimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 + 3-15 + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - + - - + - - RelativePressureCoefficient - RelativePressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 - 5-3.3 + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + Luminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - + + - - + - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - PressureCoefficient - PressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 - 5-4 - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + ElectricFieldStrength + ElectricFieldStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 + 6-10 + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - MetrologicalSymbol - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + + + + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + + + + + - - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - ReciprocalMassUnit - ReciprocalMassUnit + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 + 10-4.3 + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 - - - - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - QuantumData - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + + + + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Laboratory + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - - - - PlasticModeling - PlasticModeling - + + + + "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." - - - - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - +"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." - - - - - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - TauNeutrino - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino - +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + NominalProperty + NominalProperty + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered - - - - - - = - - - - The equals symbol. - Equals - Equals - The equals symbol. - +A color is a nominal property. - - - - - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - SolidGasSuspension - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. +Sex of a human being. + nominal property - - - - - - - - - - - - - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - MeanMassRange - MeanMassRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 - 10-57 - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 + + + + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + ConfocalMicroscopy + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - TimeUnit - TimeUnit + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + MassFractionOfWater + MassFractionOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 + 5-31 + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - - - - - BlueUpQuark - BlueUpQuark + + + + + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + MassFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction + 9-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - - - - - - + + - - + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - MagneticReluctance - Reluctance - MagneticReluctance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 - 6-39 - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + PressureUnit + PressureUnit - - - + + - - + + T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - The sample is mounted on a holder. - The sample is mounted on a holder. - Mounting - Mounting - The sample is mounted on a holder. + + + + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - - - - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - DataQuality - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + + + + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + MagneticQuantumNumber + MagneticQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 + 10-13.4 + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - - - - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant - Interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + + + + + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + ManufacturedProduct + Artifact + Engineered + TangibleProduct + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Car, tire, composite material. - - - - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + + + + + RedBottomAntiQuark + RedBottomAntiQuark + --- SI Brochure - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - UnitOne - Unitless - UnitOne - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + + + + + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 + 9-29 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 + --- SI Brochure - Refractive index or volume fraction. - Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SecondGenerationFermion + SecondGenerationFermion - - - - - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - LarmonAngularFrequency - LarmonAngularFrequency - 10-15.1 - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + NeutrinoType + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino - - - - - - - - - - - - ReciprocalVolume - ReciprocalVolume + + + + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, + IonAtom + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - - - - - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Emulsion - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Mayonnaise, milk. + + + + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + NonActivePower + NonActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 + 6-61 + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - - - - - + + + - - + + - - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - BohrMagneton - BohrMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 - 10-9.2 - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - - - - - - Galvanizing - Galvanizing - + + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + Result of a measurement. - - - - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - Machining - RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece - Machining - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - - - - DefinedEdgeCutting - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden - DefinedEdgeCutting - +-- VIM + MeasurementResult + MeasurementResult + Result of a measurement. - - - - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - Chromatography - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + measurement result + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. - + - - + + - - - The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): -- object (focus on spatial configuration) -- process (focus on temporal evolution) - -The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. - -For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. - -Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. + + + + + + + + + + + + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + Declarer + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). + Someone who assigns a name to an object. + -This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + + + + + + + + + + + + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + Torque + Torque + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque + 4-12.2 + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + -The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. - The union of the object or process classes. - Persistence - Persistence - The union of the object or process classes. + + + + Numeral + Numeral - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountUnit - AmountUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit - - - + + + - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - RestEnergy - RestEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 - 10-3 - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy + Number of holes in valence band per volume. + HoleDensity + HoleDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 + 12-29.2 + Number of holes in valence band per volume. - - - - LeftHandedParticle - LeftHandedParticle + + + + Count per volume. + VolumetricNumberDensity + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - VolumeFractionUnit - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - Unit for volume fraction. - + + + + A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. - - - - - - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - HeatFlowRate - HeatFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 - 5-7 - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. +In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. + This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. + BondedAtom + BondedAtom + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - - - - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - DampingCoefficient - DampingCoefficient - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 - 3-24 - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + + + + + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Stage + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. - + - - - T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - - - - - - - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - EnergyImparted - EnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 - 10-80.1 - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + StrictFundamental + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 - 10-13.7 - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + TemporallyFundamental + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - InterferenceFitting - InterferenceFitting + + + + + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + Plasma + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - - + + - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. - Signal - Signal - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + SampledDCPolarography + TASTPolarography + SampledDCPolarography + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + + + + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + DCPolarography + DCPolarography + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + + + + + - - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + + - PressurePerTimeUnit - PressurePerTimeUnit + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + ThomsonCoefficient + ThomsonCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 + 12-23 + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - - - - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - Observer - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + + + + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + Tempering + QuenchingAndTempering + Vergüten + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - - - - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - ModellingLanguage - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. - -Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - -Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language - + + + + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - - - - - BlueCharmQuark - BlueCharmQuark - +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + ProcessEngineeringProcess + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - - - - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - Cleaning - Cleaning +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik - - + + - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - SeparateManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - CuttingManufacturing - Trennen - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + ContinuousCasting + ContinuousCasting - - + + + + + + - - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - + - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidSolidSuspension - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - Mud + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + MagneticVectorPotential + MagneticVectorPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 + 6-32 + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - - + + - ElectricCurrentPhasor - ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 - 6-49 + The energy of an object due to its motion. + KineticEnergy + KineticEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy + 4-28.2 + The energy of an object due to its motion. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 - - - - - T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - TimePerLengthUnit - TimePerLengthUnit + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 + 10-74.2 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - - - - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - SystemProgram - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - An operating system. A graphic driver. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + StandaloneAtom + StandaloneAtom + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - + + - + - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - Illuminance - Illuminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + ElectricDipoleMoment + ElectricDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + 6-6 + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - - - - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - SolidAngle - SolidAngle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - 3-6 - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 + + + + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + PrimaryData + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - PerAmountUnit - PerAmountUnit + + TemperatureTimeUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit - + - - + - Extent of an object in space. - Volume - Volume - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - 3-4 + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + Momentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum + 4-8 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - - - + + + + + T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + + + + + + + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + EBSD + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + + + + + + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + SEM + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + Fermion + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + + + + - One minus the square of the coupling factor - LeakageFactor - LeakageFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 - 6-42.2 - One minus the square of the coupling factor + StaticFrictionCoefficient + CoefficientOfStaticFriction + StaticFrictionFactor + StaticFrictionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 + 4-23.1 - + - Parameter used for the sample inspection process + Parameter used for the sample preparation process - SampleInspectionParameter - SampleInspectionParameter - Parameter used for the sample inspection process + SamplePreparationParameter + SamplePreparationParameter + Parameter used for the sample preparation process - - + + + + + + + + + + + - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - PhaseVelocity - PhaseSpeed - PhaseVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity - 3-23.1 - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity + Decays per unit time. + Radioactivity + RadioactiveActivity + Radioactivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + Decays per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - + + + + SystemUnit + SystemUnit + + + - T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - SexticLengthUnit - SexticLengthUnit + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - - - - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - Factory - IndustrialPlant - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + + + + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + Measurer + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - - - - - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - ShortRangeOrderParameter - ShortRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 - 12-5.1 - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + + + + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + Observer + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - - - - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + + + + A software application to process characterisation data + CharacterisationSoftware + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 - - + + - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - DiffusionCoefficient - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - - - - - - CeramicMaterial - CeramicMaterial + RichardsonConstantUnit + RichardsonConstantUnit - - - + + - StandardChemicalPotential - StandardChemicalPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 - 9-21 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + TotalCrossSection + TotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 + 10-38.2 + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - - - - - + + - - + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Energy per amount of substance. - MolarEnergy - MolarEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 - Energy per amount of substance. + + + + PermittivityUnit + PermittivityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BlueQuark - BlueQuark + + + + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + ComputerSystem + Computer + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer - - - - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - Strain - Strain - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain - 4-17.1 - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + + + + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + Tool + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - - - - - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 - 10-33 - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + + + + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + URN + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - - - - + + - ActivityFactor - ActivityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 - 9-22 + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 + 10-13.8 + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - - + + + + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - DisplacementCurrent - DisplacementCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 - 6-19.1 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - - - - - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - MeanLinearRange - MeanLinearRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 - 10-56 - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 + + + + VaporDeposition + VaporDeposition - - - - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - VPO - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + + + + FormingFromGas + FormingFromGas - - - - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - Osmometry - Osmometry - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + + + + + + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + MetricPrefix + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - + @@ -16808,92 +16130,105 @@ Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for desc - + - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 - 6-9 - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + MagneticFlux + MagneticFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux + 6-22.1 + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + ProgrammingLanguage + Code + SoftwareCode + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + + + + + - Mass per amount of substance. - MolarMass - MolarMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 - 9-4 - Mass per amount of substance. + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + ShortRangeOrderParameter + ShortRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 + 12-5.1 + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - - - + + + - ElectrolyticConductivity - ElectrolyticConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 - 9-44 + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + MassDefect + MassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 + 10-21.2 + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - ElectricConductivity - Conductivity - ElectricConductivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 - 6-43 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 + + + + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + PseudoOCV + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - + - - - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - + + + + + + - - - AmountPerMassTimeUnit - AmountPerMassTimeUnit + + + The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): +- object (focus on spatial configuration) +- process (focus on temporal evolution) + +The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. + +For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. + +Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. + +This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + +The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. + The union of the object or process classes. + Persistence + Persistence + The union of the object or process classes. - + @@ -16901,539 +16236,637 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - SurfaceActivityDensity - SurfaceActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 - 10-30 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + EnergyFluence + EnergyFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 + 10-46 + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - - - - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - LinkedModelsSimulation - LinkedModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + + + + DrawForms + DrawForms - - - - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). - ResemblanceIcon - ResemblanceIcon - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + + + + + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + ResonanceEscapeProbability + ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 + 10-68 + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - - + + + + + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + WaveVector + WaveVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 + 3-21 + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector + + + + + + + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + + + + - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - LinearScanVoltammetry - LSV - LinearPolarization - LinearSweepVoltammetry - LinearScanVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + InteractionVolume + InteractionVolume + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - + - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricConductivityUnit - ElectricConductivityUnit + + ElectricResistanceUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit - - - - A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - MaterialRelation - MaterialRelation - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - The Lennard-Jones potential. -A force field. -An Hamiltonian. + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + CatalyticActivityUnit + CatalyticActivityUnit - - + + - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - PartialPressure - PartialPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 - 9-19 - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 + 9-6.3 + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + + + + + + + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + LiquidFoam + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + + + + + + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + Foam + Foam + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - - - - - - - - - - - - - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - Pressure - Pressure - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure - 4-14.1 - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 + + + + + ElementaryFermion + ElementaryFermion - + + - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - InternalEnergy - ThermodynamicEnergy - InternalEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy - 5.20-2 - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + RestEnergy + RestEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 + 10-3 + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy - - - + + - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - Activity - Activity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 - 10-27 - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + ApparentPower + ApparentPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 + 6-57 + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - - - - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - DoseEquivalentRate - DoseEquivalentRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 - 10-83.2 - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - + - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + LuminanceUnit + LuminanceUnit - - - - - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - BraggAngle - BraggAngle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 - 12-4 - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidSolidSuspension + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + Mud - - - - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + ContinuumModel + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - - - - - ResourceIdentifier - ResourceIdentifier + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + MaterialsModel + https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - - + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - AtomicMass - AtomicMass - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - 10-4.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - - - - - - - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - SolidSol - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - - - - - - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - Sol - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + + + CharacterisationTask + CharacterisationTask - - - - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - Dismantling - Demontage - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + + + BlueTopAntiQuark + BlueTopAntiQuark - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - GluonType5 - GluonType5 - - - - - - Assigned - Assigned + TopAntiQuark + TopAntiQuark - - + + - Estimated - Estimated - The biography of a person that the author have not met. + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - - - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - DynamicLightScattering - DLS - DynamicLightScattering - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + + + + + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + BohrRadius + BohrRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 + 10-6 + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 - - - - - OpticalTesting - OpticalTesting + + + + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). + ResemblanceIcon + ResemblanceIcon + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - - + + + - Real part of the impedance. - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 - 6-51.2 - Real part of the impedance. + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + VacuumMagneticPermeability + PermeabilityOfVacuum + VacuumMagneticPermeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum + 6-26.1 - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - The energy of an object due to its motion. - KineticEnergy - KineticEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy - 4-28.2 - The energy of an object due to its motion. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + Permeability + ElectromagneticPermeability + Permeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability + 6-26.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - - + + + - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - CurrentLinkage - CurrentLinkage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 - 6-37.4 - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - - - - - - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + MassFractionOfDryMatter + MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 + 5-32 + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - - + + - - + + + 1 - - - - - - - - - - + + + 2 - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - Hyperon - Hyperon - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Neutron + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron - - - + + + + + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + BoltzmannConstant + BoltzmannConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 + + + + - - + + + 2 - - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - Baryon - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon + + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + Collection + Collection + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. - - - + + + - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - FastFissionFactor - FastFissionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 - 10-75 - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. + MassConcentrationOfWater + MassConcentrationOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 + 5-27 + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + + + + + + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + OxidationNumber + OxidationState + OxidationNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 - - - - - T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - TimePerVolumeUnit - TimePerVolumeUnit + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidSolidSuspension + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + Granite, sand, dried concrete. - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - ModulusOfElasticity - YoungsModulus - ModulusOfElasticity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 - 4-19.1 - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 + + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + Task + Job + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - - - - Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. + + + + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + -See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. - Array - Array - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, -a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, -an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, -and so forth... + + + + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + LiquidAerosol + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - + + + + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + OpticalMicroscopy + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + + + - T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + ThermalConductivityUnit + ThermalConductivityUnit - - - - - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - ElectricSusceptibility - ElectricSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 - 6-16 - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility + + + + + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + SubProcess + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - - - - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - ApparentPower - ApparentPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 - 6-57 - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + + + + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + FatigueTesting + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - + + - - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - NucleonNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number - 10-1.3 - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + EnergyImparted + EnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 + 10-80.1 + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - - - - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - PathLength - ArcLength - PathLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length - 3-1.7 - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length + + + + + BlueStrangeQuark + BlueStrangeQuark - - + + + - + - + - + @@ -17441,41 +16874,10 @@ and so forth... - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiQuark - AntiQuark - - - - - - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - - Profilometry - Profilometry - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - - - - - - - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass - ElectronMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + StrangeQuark + StrangeQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark @@ -17499,750 +16901,707 @@ and so forth... Number of ions per volume. - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - Muon - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon + + + + + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + NumberOfEntities + NumberOfEntities + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 + 9-1 + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 + + + + + + BlowMolding + BlowMolding - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectronType - ElectronType + + + + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + HardnessTesting + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - - - - - BlueBottomAntiQuark - BlueBottomAntiQuark + + + + + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + SlowingDownArea + SlowingDownArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 + 10-72.1 + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - - + + + - + - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". - Time - Time - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - 3-7 - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 + Extent of a surface. + Area + Area + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area + 3-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - - - - - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricMobilityUnit - ElectricMobilityUnit + + + + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + HybridMatter + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - - - - - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - PoissonNumber - PoissonsRatio - PoissonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 - 4-18 - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + + + + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + QuantumDecay + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - - + + - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - Soldering - Löten - Soldering + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + ManufacturingSystem + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - - + + - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - LandeFactor - GFactorOfAtom - LandeFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 - 10-14.1 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + RadiusOfCurvature + RadiusOfCurvature + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature + 3-1.12 + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature - - - - - distance between successive lattice planes - LatticePlaneSpacing - LatticePlaneSpacing - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 - 12-3 - distance between successive lattice planes - + + + + + + + + + + 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - - - - Distance is the norm of Displacement. - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - Distance - Distance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance - 3-1.8 - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance - +'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - - - - - - - - - - - - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Reductionistic - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. +This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. + +e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. + +By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. + +Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. + Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. + +Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. + Existent + true + Existent + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - + - T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + + ElectricChargeUnit + ElectricChargeUnit - - + + - Heat capacity at constant pressure. - IsobaricHeatCapacity - HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure - IsobaricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 - 5-16.2 - Heat capacity at constant pressure. + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + PeriodDuration + Period + PeriodDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 + 3-14 + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 - + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - LuminanceUnit - LuminanceUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit - + - + - + - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - SurfaceMassDensity - AreicMass - SurfaceDensity - SurfaceMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 - 4-5 - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + ElectronDensity + ElectronDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 + 12-29.1 + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - - - + + - Service - IntangibleProduct - Service - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 - - - - - - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - PhysicalPhenomena - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - - - - - - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - HiggsBoson - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DrawForming + DrawForming - - - - - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - QualityFactor - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 - 6-53 - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + ShearForming + Schubumformen + ShearForming - + + - - + - Inverse of the reluctance. - Permeance - Permeance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 - 6-40 - Inverse of the reluctance. - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - PressureFractionUnit - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - - - - - - - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - IonizationEnergy - IonizationEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 - 12-24.2 - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 - - - - - - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - Fractography - Fractography - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 + 10-40 + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - + - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + PermeabilityUnit + PermeabilityUnit - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - MassUnit - MassUnit - - - - - - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - DerivedQuantity - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - derived quantity - - - - - - - BlueDownAntiQuark - BlueDownAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuark - DownAntiQuark - - - - - - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - CausalCollapse - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + LarmonAngularFrequency + LarmonAngularFrequency + 10-15.1 + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - FundamentalInteraction - FundamentalInteraction - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ArithmeticExpression + ArithmeticExpression + 2+2 - - - - ReactionSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - ReactionSintering + + + + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + AlgebricExpression + AlgebricExpression + 2x+3 - - - - - - + + + + Mathematical model used to process data. + Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + PostProcessingModel + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + + + + - - + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent - DoseEquivalent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent - 10-83.1 - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + MagneticFluxUnit + MagneticFluxUnit - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - ModulusOfRigidity - ShearModulus - ModulusOfRigidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 - 4-19.2 - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 + PerAreaUnit + PerAreaUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuarkType - DownAntiQuarkType + + + + + distance between successive lattice planes + LatticePlaneSpacing + LatticePlaneSpacing + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 + 12-3 + distance between successive lattice planes - - - + + - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - Wavenumber - Repetency - Wavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - 3-20 - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + Distance is the norm of Displacement. + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + Distance + Distance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance + 3-1.8 + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance - + + + + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + StandardAbsoluteActivity + StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 + 9-23 + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + + + + + + Heat capacity at constant pressure. + IsobaricHeatCapacity + HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure + IsobaricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 + 5-16.2 + Heat capacity at constant pressure. + + + + + + + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + DebyeWallerFactor + DebyeWallerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 + 12-8 + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + + + + + + DataProcessingApplication + DataProcessingApplication + + + - + + - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 - 9-6.3 - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + ActivityFactor + ActivityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 + 9-22 - + + + + + ActivityCoefficient + ActivityCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 + 9-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 + + + + + + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + NaturalProcess + NonIntentionalProcess + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + + + + + + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + + Probe + Probe + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. + In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. + In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) + In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). + In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry + + + + + + A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. + Parameter + Parameter + Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + + + - T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - MassPerLengthTimeUnit + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - - - - Broadcast - Broadcast + + + + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + + AntiMuon + AntiMuon + + + - - + + - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - MixedTiling - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + TemporalTiling + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - JouleThomsonCoefficient - JouleThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 - 5-24 + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 + 10-70 + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - - - - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - NuclidicMass - NuclidicMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 - 10-4.2 - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 + + + + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + EDS + EDX + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy - - - + + + - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - RestMass - InvariantMass - ProperMass - RestMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity - 10-2 - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass + StandardChemicalPotential + StandardChemicalPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 + 9-21 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 - - - - - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - ConstitutiveProcess - ConstitutiveProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - Blood circulation in a human body. - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + + + + MesoscopicSubstance + MesoscopicSubstance - - + + + + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + CommandLanguage + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + Unix shell. +Batch programming languages. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language + + + + - Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Amperometry - Amperometry - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + NuclearMagneticResonance + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + NMR + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - - - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + + + + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + Viscometry + Viscosity + Viscometry + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - - - - - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Status - State - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. + + + + In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + MetrologicalUncertainty + A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. + MetrologicalUncertainty + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + - Standard deviation +- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - - - - Spacing - Spacing + + + + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + IMC + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + AreaPerAmountUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit + + + + - + - - + + + + + + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + BurgersVector + BurgersVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 + 12-6 + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + + + + + + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + ClassicalData + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + + + + + + + T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - SpecificVolume - MassicVolume - SpecificVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 - 4-3 - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 + MassSquareTimeUnit + MassSquareTimeUnit - - - + + + + + T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - EffectiveMass - EffectiveMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 - 12-30 - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + ElectricChargeAreaUnit + ElectricChargeAreaUnit - - - + + - Inverse of the radius of curvature. - Curvature - Curvature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature - 3-2 - Inverse of the radius of curvature. + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + Height + Height + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Height + 3-1.3 + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height - - - - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + + + + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + QuantumData + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. @@ -18254,381 +17613,510 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - - - - - + + + + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + ComplexPower + ComplexApparentPower + ComplexPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 + 6-59 + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + + + + + + + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + ElectronMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + + + + - - + + T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - Luminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + MesoscopicModel + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + + + + + + + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + RotationalDisplacement + AngularDisplacement + RotationalDisplacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 + 3-6 + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement + + + + + + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + CyclicChronopotentiometry + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + + + + + + + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. + SpecialUnit + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Pa stands for N/m2 +J stands for N m + + + + + + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + DerivedUnit + DerivedUnit + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + derived unit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + + + + + + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + QuantumAnnihilation + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + + + + + + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + + + + + - + - Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - Torque - Torque - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque - 4-12.2 - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. + ThermalConductivity + ThermalConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity + 5-9 + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + ManufacturedMaterial + EngineeredMaterial + ProcessedMaterial + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + + + + + + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + TransformationLanguage + TransformationLanguage + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language + Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML - - + + + + + - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - - - AreaTemperatureUnit - AreaTemperatureUnit + + + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + Experiment + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - - - - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - AtomProbeTomography - 3D Atom Probe - APT - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + + + + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + Cutting + Schneiden + Cutting - - + + - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Tomography - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - ElectricDipoleMoment - ElectricDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 - 6-6 - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 + + + + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + + ProcessingReproducibility + ProcessingReproducibility + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - - - - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - RadialDistance - RadialDistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 - 3-1.9 - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + + + + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. + Command + Command + From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. - - - - - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - LiquidSol - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + + + + Cementing + Cementing - - - + + + - ThermalDiffusionRatio - ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 - 9-40.1 + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + MigrationArea + MigrationArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 + 10-72.3 + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - + - + - For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. - IsentropicExponent - IsentropicExponent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 - 5-17.2 + One minus the square of the coupling factor + LeakageFactor + LeakageFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 + 6-42.2 + One minus the square of the coupling factor - - - + + + - Positron - Positron - - - - - - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - TEM - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + GreenTopAntiQuark + GreenTopAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - Operator - Operator - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + + + + Java + Java - - + + - Person - Person - - - - - - AmorphousMaterial - NonCrystallineMaterial - AmorphousMaterial + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + UltrasonicTesting + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + + + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + AntiMatter + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - - + + + + + + - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - - + - AreaPerTemperatureUnit - AreaPerTemperatureUnit + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagneticFieldStrength + MagnetizingFieldStrength + MagneticFieldStrength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 + 6-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - - - - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - Network - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + + + + + + + + + + + + + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + DiffusionArea + DiffusionArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 + 10-72.2 + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - - - - - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - SubjectiveProperty - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + + + + + + + + + + + + + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + SpecificVolume + MassicVolume + SpecificVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 + 4-3 + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - - - - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. - -This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. - -A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. - -e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - Subjective - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The beauty of that girl. -The style of your clothing. + + + + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + HardeningByRolling + VerfestigendurchWalzen + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - - - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 - 9-27.3 + + + + GluonType6 + GluonType6 - - - - - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - NumberOfEntities - NumberOfEntities - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 - 9-1 - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 + + + + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricFluxUnit + ElectricFluxUnit - - + + + - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux - RadiantFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - - - - - - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - DataNormalisation - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + SolidAngularMeasure + SolidAngle + SolidAngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle + 3-8 + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle - - - - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - DataPreparation - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + + + + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + SpatiallyRedundant + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - - - - - ChargeDistribution - ChargeDistribution - + + + + + + + + + + + + + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + Redundant + NonMaximal + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. - - - - Heat capacity at constant volume. - IsochoricHeatCapacity - HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume - IsochoricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 - 5-16.3 - Heat capacity at constant volume. +If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. - - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + + + + BlueDownAntiQuark + BlueDownAntiQuark - - + + - GreenCharmQuark - GreenCharmQuark + GreenDownQuark + GreenDownQuark - - - + + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -18636,827 +18124,919 @@ The style of your clothing. - CharmQuark - CharmQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark + GreenQuark + GreenQuark - - - + + + + + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 + 12-15.1 + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + + + + - - + + T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - SpatialTiling - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + + + + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - - + + + + + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 + + + - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - SourceVoltage - SourceTension - SourceVoltage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 - 6-36 - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - - + + + - Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. - The difference in electric potential between two points. - Voltage - ElectricPotentialDifference - ElectricTension - Voltage - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage - 6-11.3 - The difference in electric potential between two points. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - - - - - - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + Spin + Spin + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 + 10-10 + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - - - - The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - - ACVoltammetry - ACV - ACVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + AtomicMass + AtomicMass + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + 10-4.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - - - - + + - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - ThermalDiffusionFactor - ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 - 9-40.2 - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 + 5-10.2 + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - - - - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - NaturalMaterial - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + + + + + GreenStrangeQuark + GreenStrangeQuark - - - - - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - + + + - EntropyPerMassUnit - EntropyPerMassUnit + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + PhaseAngle + PhaseAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 + 3-7 + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - - - - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - NumericalData - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + + + + + GreenBottomQuark + GreenBottomQuark - - - - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - 3DPrinting - 3DPrinting - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + + + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + DifferentialRefractiveIndex - - + + - RawSample - RawSample + OpticalTesting + OpticalTesting - - - - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - ReactiveMaterial - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + MassieuFunction + MassieuFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 + 5-22 + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - - - + + - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - VacuumElectricPermittivity - PermittivityOfVacuum - VacuumElectricPermittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum - 6-14.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 + 5-16.4 + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - + + + + A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + WorkpieceForming + ArchetypeForming + PrimitiveForming + WorkpieceForming + + + - + - - + - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - Permittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity - 6-14.1 - 6-14.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + VolumicCrossSection + MacroscopicCrossSection + VolumicCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 + 10-42.1 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 - - - - - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - CurieTemperature - CurieTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 - 12-35.1 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + + + + CentrifugalCasting + CentrifugalCasting - - - - At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: -pH < 7 are acidic; -pH = 7 are neutral; -pH > 7 are alkaline. -At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - Written as pH - PH - PH - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 - For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + +"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). + +The triadic elements: +- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) +- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) +- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + +This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + SemioticEntity + SemioticEntity + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. - The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - IonActivity - IonActivity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + MeanMassRange + MeanMassRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 + 10-57 + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 - - - - - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - InternalStep - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + + + + + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + LondonPenetrationDepth + LondonPenetrationDepth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 + 12-38.1 + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - - - - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - CharacterisationDataValidation - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + + + + LiquidPhaseSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + LiquidPhaseSintering - - + + - The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - DewPointTemperature - DewPointTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 - 5-36 - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + PositionVector + PositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) + 3-1.10 + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) - - - + + + + + + + + + + - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - MaximumEfficiency - CarnotEfficiency - MaximumEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 - 5-25.2 - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - - - - - - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + MagneticMoment + MagneticAreaMoment + MagneticMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 + 6-23 + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 - - + + - FormingFromPulp - FormingFromPulp + Flanging + Flanging - - - - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y + + + + + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + NeelTemperature + NeelTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 + 12-35.2 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - - - - - - + + + + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + PhysicalPhenomena + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + + + + - - + + T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - + + - Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum - Momentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum - 4-8 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - + + + + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + PrincipalQuantumNumber + PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 + 10-13.2 + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + + + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ForceAreaUnit - ForceAreaUnit + MassFluxUnit + MassFluxUnit - - - - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - Widening - Weiten - Widening + + + + + Internal energy per amount of substance. + MolarInternalEnergy + MolarInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 + 9-6.1 + Internal energy per amount of substance. - - - - "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." - -"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." - -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - NominalProperty - NominalProperty - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + + + + GluonType5 + GluonType5 + -A color is a nominal property. + + + + + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + -Sex of a human being. - nominal property + + + + + T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MechanicalMobilityUnit + MechanicalMobilityUnit - - - - imaginary part of the admittance - Susceptance - Susceptance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 - 6-52.3 - imaginary part of the admittance + + + + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + Datum + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + A character, a bit, a song in a CD. - + - - + - + - Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - ElectricConductance - Conductance - ElectricConductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 - 6-47 - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. + MassFlow + MassFlow + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 + 4-30.1 + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - + - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentUnit - ElectricCurrentUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - + + + + IsothermalConversion + IsothermalConversion + + + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + TensileForming + Zugdruckumformen + TensileForming + + + - T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - AreaSquareTimeUnit - AreaSquareTimeUnit + + EntropyUnit + EntropyUnit - + + + + + GreenDownAntiQuark + GreenDownAntiQuark + + + + + + ThermochemicalTreatment + ThermochemicalTreatment + + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - EntropyPerAmountUnit - EntropyPerAmountUnit - - - - - - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - MagneticPolarisation - MagneticPolarisation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 - 6-29 - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - - - - - - - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 - 10-65 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + + ElectricPotentialUnit + ElectricPotentialUnit - + + - - + - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - PlanckFunction - PlanckFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 - 5-23 - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - - - - - - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist - PhysicalPhenomenon - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + CatalyticActivity + CatalyticActivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - - - - MetallicMaterial - MetallicMaterial + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - ResonanceEscapeProbability - ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 - 10-68 - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + ThermalDiffusivity + ThermalDiffusionCoefficient + ThermalDiffusivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 + 5-14 - - - - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + Non la metterei + Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). + FreeForming + FreeForming - - - - - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - ComptonWavelength - ComptonWavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 - 10-20 - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength + + + + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + LinearChronopotentiometry + LinearChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - - + + - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - Wavelength - Wavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength - 3-19 - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 + The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + DewPointTemperature + DewPointTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 + 5-36 + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 - + + + - + - + - SurfaceTension - 4-26 - SurfaceTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + ThermodynamicTemperature + ThermodynamicTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature + 5-1 + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - - - + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 - 12-36.3 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + AmountUnit + AmountUnit - - - - - - + + + + + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + + RawData + RawData + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. + In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + + + + + + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Exafs + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + + + + - - + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - + + + + AmountConcentrationUnit + AmountConcentrationUnit + + + + + - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - MassieuFunction - MassieuFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 - 5-22 - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + RelativeLinearStrain + RelativeLinearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 + 4-17.2 + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 - - - - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - ShearCutting - Scherschneiden - ShearCutting + + + + The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + + ACVoltammetry + ACV + ACVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - NuclearRadius - NuclearRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 - 10-19.1 - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + + + + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + GITT + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - - - - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - Assignment - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. + + + + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. + AssemblyLine + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - - - - - Permittivity divided by electric constant. - RelativePermittivity - RelativePermittivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 - 6-15 - Permittivity divided by electric constant. + + + + + RawSample + RawSample - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ArithmeticExpression - ArithmeticExpression - 2+2 + + + + PlasticModeling + PlasticModeling - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthUnit - LengthUnit + AreaTimeUnit + AreaTimeUnit - - - - GravitySintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - Loose-powderSintering - PressurelessSintering - GravitySintering + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + WBoson + ChargedWeakBoson + IntermediateVectorBoson + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - - + + + + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + + + + + + + + + + + + - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - Guess - Guess - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + Coupled + Coupled - - - - - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - OsmoticPressure - OsmoticPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 - 9-28 - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 + + + + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + MultiSimulation + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - ParticleCurrentDensity - ParticleCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 - 10-48 - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + LinkedFlux + LinkedFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 + 6-22.2 + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - InductanceUnit - InductanceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - NuclearMagneton - NuclearMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 - 10-9.3 - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 + TemperaturePerLengthUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - GasSolution - GasMixture - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + + + + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + NonEncodedData + EnvironmentalData + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - - - - PhotochemicalProcesses - PhotochemicalProcesses + + + + + T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + AmountConductivityUnit + AmountConductivityUnit - - - - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - Naming - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - A unique id attached to an entity. + + + + + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + GrueneisenParamter + GrueneisenParamter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 + 12-14 + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - - + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -19464,583 +19044,606 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - + - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - MassNumber - AtomicMassNumber - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - - - - - - CentrifugalCasting - CentrifugalCasting - - - - - - - - - - - - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - Nucleus - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. + Density + MassConcentration + MassDensity + Density + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density + Mass per volume. + 4-2 + 9-10 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - + + - + - GaugePressure - GaugePressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 - 4-14.2 + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + MomentOfIntertia + MomentOfIntertia + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 + 4-7 + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 - - - - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - PrecipitationHardening - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + + + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + Photon + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon - - - - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - Crystal - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + + + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + Description + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A biography. + A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + AreaFractionUnit + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + Unit for solid angle. + -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuarkType + UpAntiQuarkType - - - + + + - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - ResidualResistivity - ResidualResistivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 - 12-17 - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + NuclearRadius + NuclearRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 + 10-19.1 + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - - - - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - SupplyChain - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TopQuark + TopQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark - - - - - RedCharmQuark - RedCharmQuark + + + + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + TemporallyRedundant + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - - - - - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - EBSD - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + + + + + T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + PerLengthTimeUnit + PerLengthTimeUnit - - - - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - SEM - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + A real number. + Real + Real + A real number. - - - + + - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - ActivityOfSolvent - ActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 - 9-27.1 - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + DampingCoefficient + DampingCoefficient + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 + 3-24 + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - - - - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - MeasurementTime - MeasurementTime - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + + + + + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + RelativeMassDensity + RelativeDensity + RelativeMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 + 4-4 + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 - + + + + + Written as pOH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + POH + POH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + + + - + - + - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 - 10-18 - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - - - - - - - T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - EnergyAreaUnit - EnergyAreaUnit + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 + 6-9 + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - - - - BlowMolding - BlowMolding + + + + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + DynamicLightScattering + DLS + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - - - - - T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + PackingFraction + PackingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 + 10-23.1 + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - - - - ChipboardManufacturing - ChipboardManufacturing + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidLiquidSuspension + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - - - - FormingFromChip - FormingFromChip + + + + + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + CountingUnit + CountingUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM + 1 + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + Unit of atomic number +Unit of number of cellular +Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics - - - - Numeral - Numeral + + + + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Hazard + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - - - - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - Drilling - Bohren - Drilling + + + + Real part of the admittance. + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 + 6-52.2 + Real part of the admittance. - - + + - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 - 10-70 - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A constituent of a system. - Component - Component - A constituent of a system. + Inverse of the quality factor. + LossFactor + LossFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 + 6-54 + Inverse of the quality factor. - + - + - + - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - ElectricFieldStrength - ElectricFieldStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 - 6-10 - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + SpecificEntropy + SpecificEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 + 5-19 - - - + + - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - GrandPartionFunction - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 - 9-35.3 + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + MagneticPolarisation + MagneticPolarisation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 + 6-29 + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - - - - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - PressurePerTemperatureUnit - PressurePerTemperatureUnit + + + + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - - - - - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - Gyroradius - LarmorRadius - Gyroradius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 - 10-17 - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + + + + FormingFromPulp + FormingFromPulp - - - - - GreenDownQuark - GreenDownQuark + + + + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - - - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - NuclearMagneticResonance - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - NMR - NuclearMagneticResonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + + + + + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + Attenuation + Extinction + Attenuation + 3-26.1 + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 - - + + + - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + + - - - - MassPerAmountUnit - MassPerAmountUnit + + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Deducer + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. + Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 - 12-36.1 + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + AmountConcentration + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + AmountConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - - - + + - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - PhaseCoefficient - PhaseChangeCoefficient - PhaseCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 - 3-26.2 - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 + 9-27.3 - - - - - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - HalfLife - HalfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 - 10-31 - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + + + + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Conductometry + Conductometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ForceUnit - ForceUnit + PerEnergyUnit + PerEnergyUnit - + + - - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 - 5-17.1 - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - - - - - - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - StandardUnit - ReferenceMaterial - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + IsentropicCompressibility + IsentropicCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 + 5-5.2 - - - - Internal energy per unit mass. - SpecificInternalEnergy - SpecificInternalEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 - 5-21.2 - Internal energy per unit mass. + + + + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + IonMobilitySpectrometry + IMS + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - PowerDensityUnit - PowerDensityUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit - - - - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - Language - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + + + + Product of force and displacement. + Work + Work + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work + Product of force and displacement. + 4-28.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - + + + + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + DMA + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + + + + + + + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + IonTransportNumber + CurrentFraction + TransferrenceNumber + IonTransportNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 + 9-46 + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 + + + - T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + AmountPerAreaUnit + AmountPerAreaUnit - - - + + + - + + + + + + ParticleConcentration + ParticleConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 + 9-9.1 + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. - Density - MassConcentration - MassDensity - Density - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density - Mass per volume. - 4-2 - 9-10 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - - - - - - - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - SerialWorkflow - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - - - - - - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - ElectricImpedance - Impedance - ElectricImpedance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 - 6-51.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance - - - - - - - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - NeelTemperature - NeelTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 - 12-35.2 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - - - - - - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - FTIR - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy + Mean number of particles per volume. + ParticleNumberDensity + ParticleNumberDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 + 10-62.1 + Mean number of particles per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 @@ -20063,1552 +19666,1877 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - - + + + + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 + 5-21.4 + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + + + + + + + - - + + - - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - MeasurementParameterAdjustment - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Adjustment + + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + Exposure + Exposure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 + 10-88 + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - - + + + + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Fork + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + + - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - Heat - AmountOfHeat - Heat - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat - 5-6.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + MolarGasConstant + MolarGasConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant + 9-37.1 + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 - - + + + + + + - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + - - + - CatalyticActivityUnit - CatalyticActivityUnit + SpecificGasConstant + SpecificGasConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 + 5-26 + + + + + + + SampleInspectionInstrument + SampleInspectionInstrument - - - - - T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MassFluxUnit - MassFluxUnit + + + + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + Grinding + Schleifen + Grinding - - - + + - + - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - EnergyFluence - EnergyFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 - 10-46 - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + ChemicalAffinity + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 + 9-30 + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 - - - + + + + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + CharacterisedSample + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + + + - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 - 9-36.1 + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + TotalCurrentDensity + TotalCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 + 6-20 + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - - + + + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - AcousticQuantity - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + RelaxationTime + RelaxationTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 + 12-32.1 + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - - + + + + + + - - T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - InversePermittivityUnit - InversePermittivityUnit + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 + 10-41 + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - - - + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - PhysicsOfInteraction - PhysicsOfInteraction - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + Determiner + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassTemperatureUnit - MassTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - Square root of the slowing down area. - SlowingDownLength - SlowingDownLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 - 10-73.1 - Square root of the slowing down area. + MassUnit + MassUnit - - - - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - ProgrammingLanguage - Code - SoftwareCode - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + + + + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - - - - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Heteronuclear - Heteronuclear - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). + + + + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + DeepDrawing + Tiefziehen + DeepDrawing - - - - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - MathematicalOperator - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. - The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. + + + + CeramicSintering + CeramicSintering - - - - - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - ThermoelectricVoltage - ThermoelectricVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 - 12-20 - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + + + + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + MarkupLanguage + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + HTML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language - - + + - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - EIS - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + SIMS + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - - - - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - MolarGibbsEnergy - MolarGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 - 9-6.4 - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + + + + + MuonAntiNeutrino + MuonAntiNeutrino - + + + + + + EndTile + EndTile + + + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - - - - - GravityCasting - GravityCasting + AbsorbedDoseUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit - - - - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - VoltagePhasor - VoltagePhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 - 6-50 - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + + + + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). +A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. + PhysicsEquationSolution + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. - - - + + - + - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 - 10-39 - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + DissociationConstant + DissociationConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - - - - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - Chronoamperometry - AmperiometricDetection - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Chronoamperometry - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + PhysicsEquation + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + The Newton's equation of motion. +The Schrödinger equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation. - + - + - + - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - Fugacity - Fugacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 - 9-20 - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Action + Action + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 + 4-32 + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - - - + + - - + - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. - ThermalConductivity - ThermalConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity - 5-9 - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + SurfaceTension + 4-26 + SurfaceTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 - - - + + + + + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + AmountFraction + MoleFraction + AmountFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + + + + + + + T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AreaSquareTimeUnit + AreaSquareTimeUnit + + + + + + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + DataQuality + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + + + + + + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + Milling + Fräsen + Milling + + + + + + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + Nexafs + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + + + - + - - - - - - - + + - TopQuark - TopQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + + + + + + + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + ComptonWavelength + ComptonWavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 + 10-20 + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength + + + + + + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + AqueousSolution + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + + + + + + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + FTIR + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - - - - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - MeasurementParameter - MeasurementParameter - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + + + + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + IntentionalAgent + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargeUnit - ElectricChargeUnit - - - - - - LaserCutting - LaserCutting + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - - - - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - ThermalCutting - Thermisches Abtragen - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + + + + + + + + + + Structural + Structural - - + + - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - NonLeakageProbability - NonLeakageProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 - 10-77 - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + Gyroradius + LarmorRadius + Gyroradius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 + 10-17 + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - - + + - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - ScanningKelvinProbe - SKB - ScanningKelvinProbe - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - - - - - WPositiveBoson - WPositiveBoson - - - - - - KineticFrictionFactor - DynamicFrictionFactor - KineticFrictionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 - 4-23.2 - - - - - - Letter - Letter + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Tomography + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - - - - - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - MagneticSusceptibility - MagneticSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 - 6-28 - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + + + + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + BaseQuantity + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + base quantity - + - T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - - - - - - - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 - 10-74.2 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - - - - - - GluonType8 - GluonType8 - - - - - - - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass - ProtonMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - - - - - - - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - CarrierLifetime - CarrierLifetime - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 - 12-32.2 - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + InverseSquareMassUnit + InverseSquareMassUnit - - + + - Real part of the admittance. - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 - 6-52.2 - Real part of the admittance. + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. + Width + Breadth + Width + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 + 3-1.2 + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - OsmoticFactorOfSolvent - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 - 9-27.2 - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + MassNumber + AtomicMassNumber + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - - - - - - + + + + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + Impedimetry + Impedimetry + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + - - + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - LorenzCoefficient - LorenzNumber - LorenzCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 - 12-18 - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + + + + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - + + - + - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - AngularAcceleration - AngularAcceleration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration - 3-13 - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration + Coefficient in the law of recombination, + RecombinationCoefficient + RecombinationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 + 10-63 + Coefficient in the law of recombination, - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - + + + - LuminousIntensityUnit - LuminousIntensityUnit + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + CyclotronAngularFrequency + CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 + 10-16 + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - - - - - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - SourceCode - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + + + + + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Status + State + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. - - - - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - SpatiallyRedundant - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + + + + + GreenCharmQuark + GreenCharmQuark - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - URN - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + + + + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + HalfLife + HalfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 + 10-31 + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - - + + + - A software application to process characterisation data - CharacterisationSoftware - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + CharacterisationProperty + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - - + + + + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + + SecondaryData + Elaborated data + SecondaryData + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Deconvoluted curves + Intensity maps + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A computer language used to describe simulations. + SimulationLanguage + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language + + + + - + - Decays per unit time. - Radioactivity - RadioactiveActivity - Radioactivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - Decays per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 + Electric charge per volume. + ElectricChargeDensity + VolumeElectricCharge + ElectricChargeDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 + 6-3 + Electric charge per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - PhaseAngle - PhaseAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 - 3-7 - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + Coercivity + Coercivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 + 6-31 + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - - - - - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - NeutronNumber - NeutronNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 - 10-1.2 - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 + + + + Spacing + Spacing + + + + + + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + Factory + IndustrialPlant + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + + + + + + + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + InternalStep + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - + + + + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + ThroughTile + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + + + - T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 - - SectionAreaIntegralUnit - SectionAreaIntegralUnit + + EntropyPerAmountUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit - - - - - Square root of the migration area, M^2. - MigrationLength - MigrationLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 - 10-73.3 - Square root of the migration area, M^2. + + + + PowderCoating + PowderCoating - + + + + + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + TauNeutrino + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino + + + - T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerLengthUnit - MassPerLengthUnit + MagneticFluxDensityUnit + MagneticFluxDensityUnit - - + + - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - CoulometricTitration - CoulometricTitration - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + + ResourceIdentifier + ResourceIdentifier - - - - - T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - SquarePressureTimeUnit - SquarePressureTimeUnit + + + + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - - - - - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - DebyeWallerFactor - DebyeWallerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 - 12-8 - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + + + + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + CSV + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - CausalConvexSystem - CausalConvexSystem - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + + + + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 + 10-13.6 + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - - + + + - - T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + Hyperon + Hyperon + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon + + + + + - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + MechanicalEfficiency + MechanicalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 + 4-29 + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - - - - Magnetizing - Magnetizing + + + + + + + + + + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + MeasurementParameterAdjustment + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Adjustment - + + + + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + MassSpectrometry + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + + + + + + + StaticFrictionForce + StaticFriction + StaticFrictionForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 + 4-9.3 + + + + - - + - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - ScalarMagneticPotential - ScalarMagneticPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 - 6-37.1 - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + Force + Force + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force + 4-9.1 + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 + + + + + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + TemporalTile + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + + + + + + + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + Colloid + Colloid + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - - - - Calendering - Calendering + + + + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + Expression + Expression + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + ReciprocalLengthUnit + ReciprocalLengthUnit - - - - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - DSC - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + + + + + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + StandardAmountConcentration + StandardConcentration + StandardMolarConcentration + StandardAmountConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + 9-12.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 - - - - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + + + + + Square root of the migration area, M^2. + MigrationLength + MigrationLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 + 10-73.3 + Square root of the migration area, M^2. - - - - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + GaugeBoson + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson - - - + + + - ElectronAntiNeutrino - ElectronAntiNeutrino + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + Tau + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) - - - - ContinuousCasting - ContinuousCasting + + + + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + Dust + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - - - - - GreenTopQuark - GreenTopQuark + + + + + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 + 10-65 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - + - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - AmountConcentrationUnit - AmountConcentrationUnit - - - - - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron - MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 - 10-12.2 - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + TemperatureUnit + TemperatureUnit - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 - 10-52 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - - - - - - - The charge of an electron. - The negative of ElementaryCharge. - ElectronCharge - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - - - - - + + - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - LogarithmicDecrement - LogarithmicDecrement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 - 3-25 - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - - - - - Internal energy per amount of substance. - MolarInternalEnergy - MolarInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 - 9-6.1 - Internal energy per amount of substance. + + + + + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + EndStep + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - - - + + - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - Cutting - Schneiden - Cutting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + InspectionDevice + InspectionDevice + + + + + + + - - - 1 + + - - An integer number. - Integer - Integer - An integer number. - - - - - - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - ProductionSystem - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + ModulusOfCompression + BulkModulus + ModulusOfCompression + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 + 4-19.3 + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - - - - Suggestion of Rickard Armiento - CrystallineMaterial - CrystallineMaterial + + + + Inverse of the impendance. + Admittance + ComplexAdmittance + Admittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance + 6-52.1 + Inverse of the impendance. - - - + + + + - MolarEnthalpy - MolarEnthalpy - Enthalpy per amount of substance. - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 - 9-6.2 + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + HeatFlowRate + HeatFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 + 5-7 + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - + + - + + + + + + + + - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - LinearIonization - LinearIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 - 10-58 - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + SurfaceActivityDensity + SurfaceActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 + 10-30 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - ShearForming - Schubumformen - ShearForming + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Extent of an object in space. + Volume + Volume + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + 3-4 - - - - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - StyleSheetLanguage - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - CSS - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language + + + + GluonType4 + GluonType4 - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - AmountFractionUnit - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - Unit for amount fraction. + + + + + RedTopQuark + RedTopQuark - - - + + + + + T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - FermiTemperature - FermiTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 - 12-28 - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + LengthMassUnit + LengthMassUnit - - - - - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + HiggsBoson + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson - - - - - RedBottomQuark - RedBottomQuark + + + + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + ScanningKelvinProbe + SKB + ScanningKelvinProbe + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomQuark - BottomQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark + + + + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + STM + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - - - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - AnalogicalIcon - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. - Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance - MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + PerAmountUnit + PerAmountUnit - - + + + - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - ElectricPolarization - ElectricPolarization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 - 6-7 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - - - - - - - - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - MetricPrefix - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + OsmoticPressure + OsmoticPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 + 9-28 + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 - - - + + - RedCharmAntiQuark - RedCharmAntiQuark + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + CausalConvexSystem + CausalConvexSystem + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - - + + + + + T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - NonActivePower - NonActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 - 6-61 - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + SquareTimeUnit + SquareTimeUnit - + - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - + + - PlasticSintering - PlasticSintering + Electroplating + Electroplating - + + + + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + OpenCircuitHold + OCVHold + OpenCircuitHold + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + + + + + + + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + ResidualResistivity + ResidualResistivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 + 12-17 + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + + + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + + SquareTemperatureUnit + SquareTemperatureUnit + + + + + + + + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + Hypothesis + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + + + + + + Estimated + Estimated + The biography of a person that the author have not met. + + + + + + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + Chronoamperometry + AmperiometricDetection + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Chronoamperometry + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + Position vector of a particle. + ParticlePositionVector + ParticlePositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 + 12-7.1 + Position vector of a particle. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quantity in condensed matter physics. + EnergyDensityOfStates + EnergyDensityOfStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 + 12-16 + Quantity in condensed matter physics. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + DensityOfVibrationalStates + DensityOfVibrationalStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 + 12-12 + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + + + + + + + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + ActiveEnergy + ActiveEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 + 6-62 + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + + + + + + + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + SubjectiveProperty + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + + + + + + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. + +This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. + +A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. + +e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + Subjective + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The beauty of that girl. +The style of your clothing. - + - T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit - + + + + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + EIS + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + NeutronNumber + NeutronNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 + 10-1.2 + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 + + + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SpeedUnit - SpeedUnit + AngularMomentumUnit + AngularMomentumUnit - - - + + - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - ReactionEnergy - ReactionEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 - 10-37.1 - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + NuclidicMass + NuclidicMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 + 10-4.2 + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyUnit - EnergyUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - CelsiusTemperature - CelsiusTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature - 5-2 - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + + + + MassPerElectricChargeUnit + MassPerElectricChargeUnit + -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 + + + + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + MutualInductance + MutualInductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 + 6-41.2 + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity - CatalyticActivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + LarmonFrequency + LarmonFrequency + 10-15.2 + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - - - - - MuonAntiNeutrino - MuonAntiNeutrino + + + + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + URL + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - - - - - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - MassFractionOfWater - MassFractionOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 - 5-31 - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + + + + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + FibDic + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - - - - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - RelativeVolumeStrain - BulkStrain - VolumeStrain - RelativeVolumeStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 - 4-17.4 - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 + + + + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + Namer + Namer + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - ParticleFluenceRate - ParticleFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 - 10-44 - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + + + + FiberboardManufacturing + FiberboardManufacturing - - - - - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - SolidAngularMeasure - SolidAngle - SolidAngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - 3-8 - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle + + + + FormingFromChip + FormingFromChip - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ReciprocalLengthUnit - ReciprocalLengthUnit + + + + + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + AngularWaveNumber + AngularRepetency + AngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 + 12-9.1 + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - - - - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - TemporallyRedundant - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + + + + AmorphousMaterial + NonCrystallineMaterial + AmorphousMaterial - - + + - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - UserCase - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + ShearOrTorsionTesting + ShearOrTorsionTesting - - - - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + AntiTau + AntiTau - - + + + - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - Tortuosity - Tortuosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + DebyeTemperature + DebyeTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 + 12-11 - - - - MicrowaveSintering - MicrowaveSintering + + + + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - - + + - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + DataAnalysis + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - - - - - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassExcess - RelativeMassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 - 10-22.1 - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + + + + + + / + + + + Division + Division - - - - - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Behaviour - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. + + + + ArithmeticOperator + ArithmeticOperator - + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + Electron + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + + + - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - VolumeUnit - VolumeUnit + + AmountPerMassPressureUnit + AmountPerMassPressureUnit - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - URL - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + + + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + CoherenceLength + CoherenceLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 + 12-38.2 + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - + @@ -21616,1314 +21544,1412 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - + - Time derivative of exposure. - ExposureRate - ExposureRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 - 10-89 - Time derivative of exposure. + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + ParticleFluence + ParticleFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 + 10-43 + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + AtomisticModel + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + + + + + + GluonType8 + GluonType8 + + + + + + Describes the level of automation of the test. + LevelOfAutomation + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. + + + + + + + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + PhaseDifference + DisplacementAngle + PhaseDifference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 + 6-48 + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + + + + + + A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + +-- VIM + MeasuringInstrument + MeasuringInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + +-- VIM + measuring instrument + + + + + + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + + + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + Weight + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight + 4-9.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + + + - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - LengthTimeCurrentUnit - LengthTimeCurrentUnit + + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cognition - IconSemiosis - Cognition + + + + + RedDownQuark + RedDownQuark - + + + + + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + Constituent + ObjectPart + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + A tire is a constituent of a car. + + + - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticReluctivityUnit - MagneticReluctivityUnit + FrequencyUnit + FrequencyUnit - + - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - - - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - Nailing - Nageln - Nailing - - - - - - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - LightScattering - LightScattering - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - - - - - - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - - ProcessingReproducibility - ProcessingReproducibility - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + CapacitanceUnit + CapacitanceUnit - + - + - + - Entropy per amount of substance. - MolarEntropy - MolarEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 - 9-8 - Entropy per amount of substance. + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + SeebeckCoefficient + SeebeckCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 + 12-21 + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - + + + + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + Soldering + Löten + Soldering + + + + + + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + AccessConditions + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + + + + - - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - GrueneisenParamter - GrueneisenParamter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 - 12-14 - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassDefect + RelativeMassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 + 10-22.2 + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - AngularVelocity - AngularVelocity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity - 3-12 - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - - + + + - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. - Width - Breadth - Width - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 - 3-1.2 - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + Arctan of the loss factor + LossAngle + LossAngle + https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 + 6-55 + Arctan of the loss factor - - - - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - RadiusOfCurvature - RadiusOfCurvature - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature - 3-1.12 - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature + + + + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + LinkedModelsSimulation + LinkedModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - - + + - RightHandedParticle - RightHandedParticle - - - - - - - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - MaterialSynthesis - MaterialSynthesis - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - - - - - - ProductionEngineering - ProductionEngineering + WPositiveBoson + WPositiveBoson - - - - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, - IonAtom - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + + + + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + VPO + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - - - - - + + - - + + T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - VolumicTotalCrossSection - MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - VolumicTotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 - 10-42.2 - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - StepChronopotentiometry - StepChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + + + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + VectorMeson + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson - - + + - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - OpenCircuitHold - OCVHold - OpenCircuitHold - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Calorimetry + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - - - - "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - OrdinalQuantity - OrdinalQuantity - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Hardness -Resilience - ordinal quantity + + + + + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. + MixingRatio + MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas + MixingRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 + 5-30 + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - ThermalConductivityUnit - ThermalConductivityUnit - - - - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - - - - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - LogarithmicUnit - LogarithmicUnit - http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Decibel - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units + + + + + BlueUpAntiQuark + BlueUpAntiQuark - - + + - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - GammaSpectrometry - GammaSpectrometry - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + DataNormalisation + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - - + + + + + + - - T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + MagnetomotiveForce + MagnetomotiveForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 + 6-37.3 + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - - - - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - AqueousSolution - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + + + + Python + Python - - - - - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - LiquidSolution - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + ScriptingLanguage + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - - - - - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - MuonNeutrino - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino + + + + LaserCutting + LaserCutting - - - - LowPressureCasting - LowPressureCasting + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + GyromagneticRatio + GyromagneticCoefficient + MagnetogyricRatio + GyromagneticRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 + 10-12.1 + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 + + + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + ElectronicModel + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + Density functional theory. +Hartree-Fock. + + + + + + + Number of donor levels per volume. + DonorDensity + DonorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 + 12-29.4 + Number of donor levels per volume. - + + + + + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MagneticReluctanceUnit + MagneticReluctanceUnit + + + + - + - + - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - PoyntingVector - PoyntingVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 - 6-34 - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - - - - - - - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 - 10-60 - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - - - - - - GrowingCrystal - GrowingCrystal + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + Molality + AmountPerMass + Molality + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 + 9-15 + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthPerTemperatureUnit - LengthPerTemperatureUnit + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - - - - - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 - 12-13 + + + + + + - + + + + Minus + Minus - - - - - IsentropicCompressibility - IsentropicCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 - 5-5.2 + + + + + GreenUpQuark + GreenUpQuark - + + + + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + Nailing + Nageln + Nailing + + + - T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PowerAreaUnit - PowerAreaUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - + - T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - IlluminanceTimeUnit - IlluminanceTimeUnit - - - - - - - Resistance quantum. - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - VonKlitzingConstant - VonKlitzingConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - ElectricFlux - ElectricFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 - 6-17 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - - - - - - - - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - Hypothesis - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A computer language used to describe simulations. - SimulationLanguage - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language + + ElectricConductivityUnit + ElectricConductivityUnit - - + + + - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - Height - Height - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Height - 3-1.3 - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + FermiTemperature + FermiTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 + 12-28 + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - + - T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - - ThreePointBendingTesting - ThreePointFlexuralTest - ThreePointBendingTesting - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test - - - - - - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - QuantumAnnihilation - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + ThermalResistanceUnit + ThermalResistanceUnit - - - - - GreenBottomAntiQuark - GreenBottomAntiQuark + + + + + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Emulsion + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Mayonnaise, milk. - - - - Ruby - Ruby + + + + MetallicPowderSintering + MetallicPowderSintering - - - - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - ScriptingLanguage - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + + + + + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + PlanckConstant + PlanckConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - - - - - - - - - - - - - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 - 6-5 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + + + + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + ShearCutting + Scherschneiden + ShearCutting - - + + - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - LevelOfExpertise - LevelOfExpertise - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + + XrdGrazingIncidence + XrdGrazingIncidence - + + + + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + SolidAngle + SolidAngle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + 3-6 + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 + + + - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - - - - - - Gibbs energy per unit mass. - SpecificGibbsEnergy - SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 - 5-21.5 - Gibbs energy per unit mass. + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - - - + + - + - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - ParticleFluence - ParticleFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 - 10-43 - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + AvogadroConstant + AvogadroConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 - - - - FormingFromGas - FormingFromGas + + + + MetallicMaterial + MetallicMaterial - - + + + + + The charge of an electron. + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 + + + + + - Painting - Painting + InjectionMolding + InjectionMolding - - - - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - CharacterisationProtocol - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + + + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Estimator + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - - - - T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - LengthMassUnit - LengthMassUnit + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + DragCoefficient + DragFactor + DragCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 + 4-23.4 + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - - - + + + + ParallelWorkflow + ParallelWorkflow + + + + + + + + + + + + + - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidLiquidSuspension - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + GasSolution + GasMixture + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - - + + + + Calendering + Calendering + + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + MassFractionUnit + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + Unit for mass fraction. + + + + + + + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + MolarGibbsEnergy + MolarGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 + 9-6.4 + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + + + - + - + - SectionModulus - SectionModulus - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 - 4-22 + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 + 12-2.2 + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - - - + + + + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Holder + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + + + + + - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - VolumeFraction - VolumeFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction - 9-14 - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 + 9-36.1 - - - - Irradiate - Irradiate + + + + + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 + 10-78.2 + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - - - - UTF8 - UTF8 + + + + BPMNDiagram + BPMNDiagram - - - - - - - - - - - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - Array3D - 3DArray - Array3D - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + + + + + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + ActivityOfSolvent + ActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 + 9-27.1 + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - + - T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - - - - - - VaporDeposition - VaporDeposition + AreaPerMassUnit + AreaPerMassUnit - - + + - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - MeanDurationOfLife - MeanLifeTime - MeanDurationOfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 - 10-25 - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + QualityFactor + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 + 10-82 + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - + + + + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + Planing + Hobeln + Planing + + + - + - + - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - MassAttenuationCoefficient - MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 - 10-50 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + Mass increment per time. + MassChangeRate + MassChangeRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 + 4-30.3 + Mass increment per time. - - - - - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 - 12-2.1 - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + + + + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + CausalInteraction + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - - - - - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - ThermalResistivityUnit - ThermalResistivityUnit + + + + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. + MachineCell + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - - - + + + + + CharacterisationComponent + CharacterisationComponent + + + + + + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + AES + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + Muon + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon + + + + + + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Milling + Milling + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + + + + - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - MassDefect - MassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 - 10-21.2 - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - + - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - PermittivityUnit - PermittivityUnit + + QuarticLengthUnit + QuarticLengthUnit - - - + + - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - NeutronYieldPerFission - NeutronYieldPerFission - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 - 10-74.1 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + RefractiveIndex + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - - - + + + + + + + + + + The sample is mounted on a holder. + The sample is mounted on a holder. + Mounting + Mounting + The sample is mounted on a holder. + + + + + + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + Widening + Weiten + Widening + + + + + - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - MassFractionOfDryMatter - MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 - 5-32 - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassExcess + RelativeMassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 + 10-22.1 + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - ContinuumModel - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + + + + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + NumericalData + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - + + + + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + Assigner + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. + + + + + + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + QueryLanguage + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + SQL, SPARQL + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language + + + + + + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + ICI + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + ICI + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + + + + + + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + Gluing + Kleben + Gluing + + + - + - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - Spin - Spin - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 - 10-10 - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + Activity + Activity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 + 10-27 + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 - - - + + + + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + AreicElectricCharge + SurfaceChargeDensity + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 + 6-4 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 + + + + - - - + + T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Minus - Minus + + + + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - - + + + - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - MagneticQuantumNumber - MagneticQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 - 10-13.4 - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + Permittivity divided by electric constant. + RelativePermittivity + RelativePermittivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 + 6-15 + Permittivity divided by electric constant. - - - - - StaticFrictionForce - StaticFriction - StaticFrictionForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 - 4-9.3 + + + + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + ApplicationSpecificScript + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. - - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicNumber - AtomicNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - 10-1.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 - - - - - - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - PseudoOCV - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 + 6-5 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - + + + + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedSimulation + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + + + - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - DensityUnit - DensityUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit - - + + - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - URI - URI - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - - - - - - DropForging - DropForging + FORTRAN + FORTRAN - + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - - - - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - VectorMeson - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson + + + + DropForging + DropForging - - + + + + + - - T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + AngularVelocity + AngularVelocity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity + 3-12 + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity - + - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - HartreeEnergy - HartreeEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree - 10-8 - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + RadiantEnergy + RadiantEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 + 10-45 + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - + + + + + + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + RollingResistance + RollingDrag + RollingFrictionForce + RollingResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 + 4-9.5 + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + + + - - + - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - PeltierCoefficient - PeltierCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 - 12-22 - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + Vergence + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature - - + + + + + - - + + + - - Plus - Plus - - - - - - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 - 12-29.3 - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + Mass per amount of substance. + MolarMass + MolarMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 + 9-4 + Mass per amount of substance. - - - - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - BET - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + + + + + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + RybergConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - Attenuation - Extinction - Attenuation - 3-26.1 - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + PlanckFunction + PlanckFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 + 5-23 + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - - - - - BlueStrangeAntiQuark - BlueStrangeAntiQuark + + + + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricResistivityUnit + ElectricResistivityUnit - - - - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. - Solubility - Solubility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 + + + + + + + + + + + + + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + Replica + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. + Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). - + - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - - - - - - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - FermiAnglularRepetency - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 - 12-9.2 - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + TimePerVolumeUnit + TimePerVolumeUnit - - - - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - ClassicalData - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + + + + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + Sawing + Sägen + Sawing + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - ChemicalPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential - 9-17 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - Electron - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + + + + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - - + + + - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - LinkedFlux - LinkedFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 - 6-22.2 - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - - - - - - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - ICI - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - ICI - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + CanonicalPartitionFunction + CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 + 9-35.2 @@ -22937,373 +22963,248 @@ It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete us https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language - - - - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Calorimetry - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - - - - - - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - Organisation - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - - - - - - - BlueStrangeQuark - BlueStrangeQuark - - - - - - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - CausalInteraction - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - - - - - - - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - - - - - - - BlueTopAntiQuark - BlueTopAntiQuark + + + + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + DataExchangeLanguage + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + JSON, YAML, XML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages - + - + - + - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - ElectronDensity - ElectronDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 - 12-29.1 - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - - - - - - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - - - - - - - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - AmountFraction - MoleFraction - AmountFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 - - - - - - - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PerTimeMassUnit - PerTimeMassUnit - - - - - - Gathering - Gathering - - - - - - LiquidPhaseSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - LiquidPhaseSintering + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + Capacitance + ElectricCapacitance + Capacitance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance + 6-13 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - - - - - + + - - + + ∇ - - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - SeebeckCoefficient - SeebeckCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 - 12-21 - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + + Gradient + Gradient - - - - - Extrusion - Extrusion + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + PressureFractionUnit + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - - + + + - - T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + = - - - - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + + + The equals symbol. + Equals + Equals + The equals symbol. - - - - - + + - - + + * - - Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - IonicStrength - IonicStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 - 9-42 - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 + + Multiplication + Multiplication - + - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - LorenzNumberUnit - LorenzNumberUnit + VolumePerAmountUnit + VolumePerAmountUnit - - - + + + + PaperManufacturing + PaperManufacturing + + + + - Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - WorkFunction - ElectronWorkFunction - WorkFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 - 12-24.1 - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 + Enthalpy per unit mass. + SpecificEnthalpy + SpecificEnthalpy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 + 5-21.3 + Enthalpy per unit mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy - - - - - ElementaryBoson - ElementaryBoson + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + VolumeFractionUnit + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + Unit for volume fraction. - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - AcceptorDensity - AcceptorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 - 12-29.5 - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + DiffusivityUnit + DiffusivityUnit - - - - - GreenDownAntiQuark - GreenDownAntiQuark + + + + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + Screwing + Schrauben + Screwing - - - - - - + + - - + + T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - + + - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - AbsorbedDose - AbsorbedDose - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - 10-81.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 + CapacitancePerLengthUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit - - - + + - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. - MassConcentrationOfWater - MassConcentrationOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 - 5-27 - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - - - - - - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - LinearChronopotentiometry - LinearChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + SuperconductorEnergyGap + SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 + 12-37 + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - - + + + - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - - - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + + + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + AlgebricEquation + AlgebricEquation + 2 * a - b = c - - + + - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - DMA - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + CoulometricTitration + CoulometricTitration + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - - - - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - MaterialLaw - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + + + + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + ScalarMeson + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson - - - - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - ConfocalMicroscopy - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + + + + + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + ElementaryCharge + ElementaryCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge + 10-5.1 + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - - - - Punctuation - Punctuation + + + + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + CommercialProduct + Product + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. - - - + + - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - RadiantEnergy - RadiantEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 - 10-45 - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 + 10-13.7 + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. @@ -23315,2003 +23216,2145 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - - - - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - EDS - EDX - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + + + + CausallHairedSystem + CausallHairedSystem - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Number of holes in valence band per volume. - HoleDensity - HoleDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 - 12-29.2 - Number of holes in valence band per volume. + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + NuclearMagneton + NuclearMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 + 10-9.3 + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 - + - T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + LorenzNumberUnit + LorenzNumberUnit - + + + + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + FE-SEM + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + + + + + + ArithmeticEquation + ArithmeticEquation + 1 + 1 = 2 + + + - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + MassAreaUnit + MassAreaUnit - + + + + + + + + + + + + GaugePressure + GaugePressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 + 4-14.2 + + + - T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - - - - Filling - Filling + + + + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist + PhysicalPhenomenon + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - - - - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - IonChromatography - IonChromatography - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + + + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + StandardUnit + ReferenceMaterial + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + + + + + + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + SpinQuantumNumber + SpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 + 10-13.5 + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + + + + + + + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + PureParallelWorkflow + EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidLiquidSuspension + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + + + + + + + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + FermiEnergy + FermiEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 + 12-27.1 + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + Uncoded + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + A random generated id for a product. - - - - A real vector with 3 elements. - Shape3Vector - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. + + + + + GreenUpAntiQuark + GreenUpAntiQuark - - + + + - Average power over a period. - ActivePower - ActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 - 6-56 - Average power over a period. + For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. + IsentropicExponent + IsentropicExponent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 + 5-17.2 - - + + - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - PrincipalQuantumNumber - PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 - 10-13.2 - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron + MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 + 10-12.2 + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - - - - - T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MassPerTimeUnit - MassPerTimeUnit + + + + + BlueBottomAntiQuark + BlueBottomAntiQuark - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - ElectronicModel - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - Density functional theory. -Hartree-Fock. + + + + + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + SolidSol + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - - - - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 - 10-13.3 - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + + + + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + SparkErosion + elektrochemisches Abtragen + SparkErosion - + - T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountConductivityUnit - AmountConductivityUnit + PowerAreaUnit + PowerAreaUnit - + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - AreaUnit - AreaUnit - - - - - - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - AtomicForceMicroscopy - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 - 10-87 - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - - - - - - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - Sawing - Sägen - Sawing - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - Determined - Determined + + + + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + HPPC + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + HPPC + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - - - - - - - - - - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - IterativeWorkflow - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + + + + + GreenCharmAntiQuark + GreenCharmAntiQuark - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 - 10-51 - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - - - - - - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - PseudovectorMeson - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson - - - - - - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - - Thermogravimetry - TGA - Thermogravimetry - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - - - - - - - T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + Theorisation + Theorization + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - - + + - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - - - - - - - BlueDownQuark - BlueDownQuark + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y - - - - GluonType3 - GluonType3 + + + + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux + RadiantFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - - - - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - Thickness - Thickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 - 3-1.4 - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + + + + Ruby + Ruby - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - ThermalResistance - ThermalResistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 - 5-12 - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 + 12-36.1 - + - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - DiffusivityUnit - DiffusivityUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - + - - - - - - + + + T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - Replica - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. - Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). + + + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - - - - - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - SolidSolution - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + + RedTopAntiQuark + RedTopAntiQuark - - - - IsothermalConversion - IsothermalConversion + + + + ElectricCurrentPhasor + ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 + 6-49 - + - T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + MassTemperatureUnit + MassTemperatureUnit - - - - - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + Partition function of a molecule. + MolecularPartitionFunction + MolecularPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 + 9-35.4 + Partition function of a molecule. - - - - - + + + + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + TEM + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + + + - - + + + - - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - EquilibriumPositionVector - EquilibriumPositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 - 12-7.2 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + + Plus + Plus - - - - - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + + + + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + + Profilometry + Profilometry + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + + + + + + + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + MaterialSynthesis + MaterialSynthesis + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + + + + + + ProductionEngineering + ProductionEngineering + + + + + + Gathering + Gathering + + + + + + Galvanizing + Galvanizing + + + + + + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + Annealing + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant - BoltzmannConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + + + + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + AtomProbeTomography + 3D Atom Probe + APT + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 + + + + JavaScript + JavaScript - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - Theorisation - Theorization - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + + + + AreaDensityUnit + AreaDensityUnit - - - - The imaginary part of the impedance. - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - ElectricReactance - Reactance - ElectricReactance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 - 6-51.3 - The imaginary part of the impedance. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + + + + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + ArchetypeManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + PrimitiveForming + Urformen + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - + - T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - - - - - - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - StandardAbsoluteActivity - StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 - 9-23 - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - ManufacturingDevice - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + + + + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - + - - + - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - Acceleration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration - 3-9.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + Stress + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress + 4-15 - - + + + + + + - - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - CapacitanceUnit - CapacitanceUnit - - - - - - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - Milling - Milling - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - LengthFractionUnit - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - Unit for plane angle. - - - - - - - Number of donor levels per volume. - DonorDensity - DonorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 - 12-29.4 - Number of donor levels per volume. - - - - - - - RedDownAntiQuark - RedDownAntiQuark - - - - - - ElectrolyticDeposition - ElectrolyticDeposition - - - - - - FormingFromIonised - FormingFromIonised - - - - - - - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - HalfValueThickness - HalfValueThickness - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 - 10-53 - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - - - - - - - GreenCharmAntiQuark - GreenCharmAntiQuark - - - - - - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + + + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + File + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - - - - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - ApplicationSpecificScript - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. + + + + Letter + Letter - - - - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - NonNumericalData - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + + + + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + Dielectrometry + Dielectrometry + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - MaterialRelationComputation - MaterialRelationComputation + + + + GluonType1 + GluonType1 - - - + + + + - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + Guess + Guess + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - - + + - - CharacterisationComponent - CharacterisationComponent + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + CreepTesting + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - + + + + + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + NucleonNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number + 10-1.3 + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 + + + - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit - - - - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - PeriodDuration - Period - PeriodDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 - 3-14 - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 + + + + GrowingCrystal + GrowingCrystal - - - + + + - - + - "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." - --- SI Brochure - The number of elementary entities present. - AmountOfSubstance - AmountOfSubstance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance - 9-2 - The number of elementary entities present. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + BohrMagneton + BohrMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 + 10-9.2 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - - - - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - AlphaSpectrometry - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + + + + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + MagneticSusceptibility + MagneticSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 + 6-28 + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - - - - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - Dust - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + + + + + RedCharmAntiQuark + RedCharmAntiQuark - - - - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + + + + A real vector with 3 elements. + Shape3Vector + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. - - - + + - - * + + T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Multiplication - Multiplication + + + + MassPerTimeUnit + MassPerTimeUnit - - + + + + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + SystemProgram + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + An operating system. A graphic driver. + + + + + + + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Inverse of the impendance. - Admittance - ComplexAdmittance - Admittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance - 6-52.1 - Inverse of the impendance. + AngularFrequencyUnit + AngularFrequencyUnit - - - - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - ComputerScience - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + + + + + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + Simulation + Modelling + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 - 10-64 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + AreaDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + + + + + + WNegativeBoson + WNegativeBoson - - + + - An product that is ready for commercialisation. - CommercialProduct - Product - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. + PhotochemicalProcesses + PhotochemicalProcesses - - - + + + + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + UserCase + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + + + + - Arctan of the loss factor - LossAngle - LossAngle - https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 - 6-55 - Arctan of the loss factor + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + TotalIonization + TotalIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 + 10-59 + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - + + + + GluonType2 + GluonType2 + + + - T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - CapacitancePerLengthUnit - CapacitancePerLengthUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - + + + + + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + ParticleEmissionRate + ParticleEmissionRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 + 10-36 + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + + + - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - - - - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - TransformationLanguage - TransformationLanguage - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language - Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML + + + + + + + + + + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + IterativeWorkflow + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - - - - - + + - - + + - - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Deduction + IndexSemiosis + Deduction + - W = g μ M B + + + + + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + JosephsonConstantUnit + JosephsonConstantUnit + -where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + + + + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + Dilatometry + https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + --- ISO 80000 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + + + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + CharacterisationDataValidation + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + - ΔW = −μ · B - MagneticDipoleMoment - MagneticDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 - 10-9.1 - 6-30 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + + + + GreenTopQuark + GreenTopQuark + - ΔW = −μ · B - http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 + + + + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + DisplacementCurrentDensity + DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 + 6-18 + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - - - + + + + - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - LarmonFrequency - LarmonFrequency - 10-15.2 - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + The abstract notion of angle. + AngularMeasure + AngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 + 3-5 + The abstract notion of angle. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - - T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - MassSquareTimeUnit - MassSquareTimeUnit + imaginary part of the admittance + Susceptance + Susceptance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 + 6-52.3 + imaginary part of the admittance + + + + + + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + PseudoscalarMeson + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson + + + + + + + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + KineticFrictionForce + DynamicFrictionForce + KineticFrictionForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 + 4-9.4 + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - - - - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - ScalarMeson - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson + + + + SandMolds + SandMolds - - - - - RedDownQuark - RedDownQuark + + + + FormingFromPowder + FormingFromPowder - - + + + - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 - 5-21.4 - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + PowerFactor + PowerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 + 6-58 + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - - + + + + + T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + - Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + IlluminanceTimeUnit + IlluminanceTimeUnit - + - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicallyInteractingConvex - PhysicallyInteractingConvex + + + + + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + IterativeStep + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. - - - + + + - RedTopQuark - RedTopQuark + TauAntiNeutrino + TauAntiNeutrino - - - - ElectroSinterForging - ElectroSinterForging + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + TemperaturePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - + + + - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 - 12-15.2 - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 + 10-49 + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - - + + - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - SpinQuantumNumber - SpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 - 10-13.5 - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerLengthUnit - TemperaturePerLengthUnit - - - - - - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Dielectrometry - Dielectrometry - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - DippingForms - DippingForms - - - - - - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. - - SampledDCPolarography - TASTPolarography - SampledDCPolarography - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - UltrasonicTesting - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - - - - - - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - DTA - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - SpeedFractionUnit - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - Unit for refractive index. + SquarePressureTimeUnit + SquarePressureTimeUnit - - - - GluonType2 - GluonType2 + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - - - - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - Polishing - Polishing - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + + + + Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - + - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AngularFrequencyUnit - AngularFrequencyUnit + ElectricChargeDensityUnit + ElectricChargeDensityUnit - - + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + + + + + + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + DebyeAngluarRepetency + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 + 12-9.3 + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + + - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - The act of connecting together the parts of something - Assemblying - Assemblying - The act of connecting together the parts of something - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + ChipboardManufacturing + ChipboardManufacturing - + + + + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + + - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 - - ElectricFluxUnit - ElectricFluxUnit + + AmountTemperatureUnit + AmountTemperatureUnit - - - - - AntiMuon - AntiMuon + + + + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - - - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - PrimaryData - PrimaryData - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. + + + + + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + LinearIonization + LinearIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 + 10-58 + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - - - - - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - CountingUnit - CountingUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM - 1 - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - Unit of atomic number -Unit of number of cellular -Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + + + + HotDipGalvanizing + Hot-dipGalvanizing + HotDipGalvanizing - - + + + - GluonType4 - GluonType4 + RedDownAntiQuark + RedDownAntiQuark - + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - + - T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit - - + + - A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - AdSV - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + RamanSpectroscopy + RamanSpectroscopy + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - - - - PolymericMaterial - PolymericMaterial + + + + GluonType7 + GluonType7 - - + + - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - - XrayPowderDiffraction - XRPD - XrayPowderDiffraction - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + AlphaSpectrometry + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Inverse of the reluctance. + Permeance + Permeance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 + 6-40 + Inverse of the reluctance. + + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + SpeedFractionUnit + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + Unit for refractive index. + + + + + + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + Vapor + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + + + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + BindingFraction + BindingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 + 10-23.2 + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + + + + + + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + Porosity + Porosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 - + - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - - - - - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - PowerFactor - PowerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 - 6-58 - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + + + + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + CharacterisationProtocol + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - - - - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - MembraneOsmometry - MembraneOsmometry - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + + + + + RedCharmQuark + RedCharmQuark - - + + - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - CPlusPlus - C++ - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + StyleSheetLanguage + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + CSS + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language - + + + + + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + SolidFoam + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + Aerogel + + + - T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - - - - - - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - XpsVariableKinetic - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - - - - - - - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - PlanckConstant - PlanckConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - + + - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - PackingFraction - PackingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 - 10-23.1 - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + Imaginary part of the complex power. + ReactivePower + ReactivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 + 6-60 + Imaginary part of the complex power. - - + + - JavaScript - JavaScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + ShellScript + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script - - - - - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - MigrationArea - MigrationArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 - 10-72.3 - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + + + + Assigned + Assigned - - - - - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 - 9-35.1 + + + + MaterialRelationComputation + MaterialRelationComputation - + - PowderCoating - PowderCoating + Painting + Painting - - + + - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - Milling - Fräsen - Milling + ElectroSinterForging + ElectroSinterForging - - - - Cementing - Cementing + + + + + T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + InversePermittivityUnit + InversePermittivityUnit - - - - - XrdGrazingIncidence - XrdGrazingIncidence + + + + + T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - HotDipGalvanizing - Hot-dipGalvanizing - HotDipGalvanizing + + + + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + LandeFactor + GFactorOfAtom + LandeFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 + 10-14.1 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - - - - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - Exafs - Exafs - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + + + + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + NeutralAtom + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + + + + + + + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + ElectronAffinity + ElectronAffinity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 + 12-25 + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - + - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ElectricResistivityUnit - ElectricResistivityUnit - - - - - - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoMaterial - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - - - - - - SizeDefinedMaterial - SizeDefinedMaterial + PerLengthTemperatureUnit + PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - PositionVector - PositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) - 3-1.10 - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) - - - - - - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - DefiningEquation - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - -The definition of density as mass/volume. - -y = f(x) - - - - - - - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - EndStep - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + LengthTemperatureUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit - - - - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Join - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 + 10-33 + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - MassFractionUnit - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - Unit for mass fraction. + + + + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - + + - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 - 6-38 + Sum of electric current and displacement current + TotalCurrent + TotalCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 + 6-19.2 + Sum of electric current and displacement current - - + + + - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + PoissonNumber + PoissonsRatio + PoissonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 + 4-18 + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - - - - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + Manufacturer + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - - + + + - ModulusOfAdmittance - ModulusOfAdmittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 - 6-52.4 + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 + 10-34 + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - - - - Electroplating - Electroplating + + + + + The sample after a preparation process. + PreparedSample + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. - - - - - T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - InverseSquareMassUnit - InverseSquareMassUnit + + + + + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 + 12-2.1 + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - - - - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + BraggAngle + BraggAngle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 + 12-4 + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - - - - Python - Python + + + + + + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + ThermalDiffusionFactor + ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 + 9-40.2 + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - AtomisticModel - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + + + + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - - - - - - - - - - - - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - FineStructureConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 + + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - - - - - T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - LengthTimePerMassUnit - LengthTimePerMassUnit - - - - - - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - PhysicallyNonInteracting - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + DiffusionLength + DiffusionLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 + 12-33 + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - - + + - + - - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - ThomsonCoefficient - ThomsonCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 - 12-23 - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + LatticeVector + LatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 + 12-1.1 + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - - - + + - The sample after a preparation process. - PreparedSample - PreparedSample - The sample after a preparation process. + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Fractography + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - PermeabilityUnit - PermeabilityUnit + + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - - - - FiberboardManufacturing - FiberboardManufacturing + + + + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + ConductometricTitration + ConductometricTitration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + + ElementaryBoson + ElementaryBoson + + + - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - VolumePerAmountUnit - VolumePerAmountUnit + LengthPerAmountUnit + LengthPerAmountUnit - + + + + ThermomechanicalTreatment + ThermomechanicalTreatment + + + + + + + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + ResonanceEnergy + ResonanceEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 + 10-37.2 + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + + + + + + + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + DragForce + DragForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 + 4-9.6 + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + + + + + + + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + VolumeFraction + VolumeFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction + 9-14 + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + + + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - - - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - BohrRadius - BohrRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 - 10-6 - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 + DensityUnit + DensityUnit - - + + - - SampleExtractionInstrument - SampleExtractionInstrument + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + NormalPulseVoltammetry + NPV + NormalPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - MetallicPowderSintering - MetallicPowderSintering + + + + + + + + + + + + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + DynamicViscosity + Viscosity + DynamicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 + 4-24 + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 + + + + + + + T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - + - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - TemperatureTimeUnit - TemperatureTimeUnit + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - - - - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - TotalCrossSection - TotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 - 10-38.2 - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + + + + Punctuation + Punctuation - - - - - GreenUpQuark - GreenUpQuark + + + + UTF8 + UTF8 - - - - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant - JosephsonConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + + + + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - + + + + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + Inequality + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + f(x) > 0 + + + - T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - PerLengthTimeUnit - PerLengthTimeUnit + + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - + + + + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + Naming + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + A unique id attached to an entity. + + + - T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AmountPerMassPressureUnit - AmountPerMassPressureUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - - + + - FlameCutting - FlameCutting + ElectrolyticDeposition + ElectrolyticDeposition - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - PerTemperatureUnit - PerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - GreenTopAntiQuark - GreenTopAntiQuark - - - - - - CeramicSintering - CeramicSintering - - - - - - PlasmaCutting - PlasmaCutting - - - - - - ThermochemicalTreatment - ThermochemicalTreatment - - - - - - CSharp - C# - CSharp - - - - - - - CouplingFactor - InductiveCouplingFactor - CouplingFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 - 6-42.1 - - - - - - ThermomechanicalTreatment - ThermomechanicalTreatment - - - - - - PhysicalyUnbonded - PhysicalyUnbonded + ThermalResistivityUnit + ThermalResistivityUnit - + - T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - - Written as pOH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - POH - POH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePerTimeUnit + ForceAreaUnit + ForceAreaUnit - - + + - Molds - Molds + Foaming + Foaming - + + + + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + AnalogData + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + + + + + + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + RotationalFrequency + RotationalFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 + 3-17.2 + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + + + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + + PowerUnit + PowerUnit - - - - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit @@ -25323,258 +25366,250 @@ pH = −10 log(a_OH-) Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit - - - - A function defined using functional notation. - A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). - MathematicalFunction - FunctionDefinition - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) + + + + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - - - - - SerialStep - SerialStep + + + + + Rotation + Rotation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 + 3-16 - - - - SystemUnit - SystemUnit + + + + + ElectronAntiNeutrino + ElectronAntiNeutrino - - + + + + + - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - - - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - - - - + - Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight - Weight - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight - 4-9.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + Mathematical description in crystallography. + StructureFactor + StructureFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 + 12-5.4 + Mathematical description in crystallography. - - - - Foaming - Foaming + + + + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + LightScattering + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - - - - StandardEquilibriumConstant - ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant - StandardEquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 - 9-32 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 + + + + + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + Gel + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 - - - - - AmountTemperatureUnit - AmountTemperatureUnit + + + + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + Assembled + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - - - - - GreenUpAntiQuark - GreenUpAntiQuark + + + + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Modeller + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - - - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + + + + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + StandaloneModelSimulation + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + + + + HardeningByForging + HardeningByForging + -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - - RamanSpectroscopy - RamanSpectroscopy - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + + + + PlasmaCutting + PlasmaCutting + -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + + + + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + NaturalMaterial + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + + + DieCasting + DieCasting - - - - MultiParticlePath - MultiParticlePath + + + + Presses + Presses - - - - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - NormalPulseVoltammetry - NPV - NormalPulseVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - SparkPlasmaSintering - SparkPlasmaSintering + + + + + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + MultiplicationFactor + MultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 + 10-78.1 + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - - - - - RedStrangeAntiQuark - RedStrangeAntiQuark + + + + + T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + LengthTimePerMassUnit + LengthTimePerMassUnit - - - - DataProcessingApplication - DataProcessingApplication + + + + + SerialStep + SerialStep - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthTemperatureUnit - LengthTemperatureUnit - - - - - - Polynomial - Polynomial - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + EnergyAreaUnit + EnergyAreaUnit - - - - Flanging - Flanging + + + + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + XpsVariableKinetic + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - + - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Fork - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - - - - - - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 - 9-29 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 - - - - - - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - ComputerSystem - Computer - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Join + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - - - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - Smoke - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + + + + ThermalSprayingForming + ThermalSprayingForming - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - AmountPerAreaUnit - AmountPerAreaUnit + + + + Polynomial + Polynomial + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - AreaFractionUnit - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - Unit for solid angle. + + + + Magnetizing + Magnetizing @@ -25584,151 +25619,123 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation Riveting - - + + - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - CreepTesting - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - - - - Java - Java + + + + + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 + 9-35.1 - - - - PaperManufacturing - PaperManufacturing + + + + + CouplingFactor + InductiveCouplingFactor + CouplingFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 + 6-42.1 - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - LengthPerAmountUnit - LengthPerAmountUnit + + + + Molds + Molds - - - - - BlueTopQuark - BlueTopQuark + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + AcousticQuantity + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - + - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - - - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - RefractiveIndex - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - - - - - - - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - ThermalUtilizationFactor - ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 - 10-76 - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - - - - - - Folding - Folding + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - Stress - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress - 4-15 + + + + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + CharacterisationExperiment + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - - - + + + - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + PlasticSintering + PlasticSintering - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerEnergyUnit - PerEnergyUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit - - - - GluonType6 - GluonType6 + + + + + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ReciprocalMassUnit + ReciprocalMassUnit - - - - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + SampleExtractionInstrument + SampleExtractionInstrument - - + + - HandlingDevice - HandlingDevice + SparkPlasmaSintering + SparkPlasmaSintering @@ -25768,363 +25775,96 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation - - - - - - - - - EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms: - - 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology - - 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject - - 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject - Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource. - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 4 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 3 - - - - 2 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ResemblanceIcon - From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). - - - - - - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - - - - - - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 - - - - - - Tool - Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. - - - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - DIN 8587:2003-09 - - - - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 - - - - - - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - DIN 8580:2022-12 - - - - - - Part - From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. - - - - - - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure - - - - - - Object that is processed with a machine - DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 - - - - - - Holistic - Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). - - - - - - Icon - From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). - + + - - - - Property - From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). - + + + - - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 - + + EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms: + - 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology + - 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject + - 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject + Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource. + - - - - Index - From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). - + - - - - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - http://www.linfo.org/program.html - + - - - - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - - - CausalObject - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - + + 1 + - - - - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 - + + 1 + - - - - Verfestigen durch Umformen - DIN 8580:2022-12 - + + 1 + - - - - Lifetime - From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. - + + 1 + - - - - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 - + + 1 + - - - - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 - + + 3 + - - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 - + + 1 + - - - - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - DIN 8589-3:2003-09 - + + 1 + - - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - + + 1 + - - - - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - DIN 8589-0:2003-09 - + + 1 + - - - - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en - + + 1 + - - - - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + 1 + - - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 - + + 2 + - - - - IntentionalProcess - From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") - + + 1 + - - - - FundamentalBoson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - + + 1 + + + + 4 + - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - DIN 8586:2003-09 + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -26132,7 +25872,7 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur - + @@ -26144,65 +25884,55 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur - - - + + + - Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. + Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. - + - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - mereological - Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology + ManufacturedProduct + From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". - + - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ - + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - - - Engineered - From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). - +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - - - Assemblying - From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal - - - isCauseOf - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). + + + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - - - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html + + + Perspective + From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. @@ -26210,7 +25940,7 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - + @@ -26219,7 +25949,7 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - + @@ -26233,7 +25963,7 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - + @@ -26241,149 +25971,169 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - Transitivity for proper parthood. + Transitivity for parthood. - + - Artifact - From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. + Simulacrum + From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") - - - Machine - From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. + + + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary - + - Variable - Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). + Crystal + From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary + + + Computation + From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). - - - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - DIN EN 14943:2006-03 + + + Matter + From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. - - - - - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - ISO 14034:2016-11 + + + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) - - - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + + + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention - + - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en - - - Wholistic - From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. + + + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + EN 10028-1:2017-07 - + - Role - From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. + Collection + From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. - - - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 + + + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology - + + + IntentionalProcess + From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") + + + + - Elementary - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + Model + From Latin modus (“measure”). - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - DIN 8586:2003-09 + + + FundamentalBoson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - ISO 13574:2015-02 + + + Role + From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. - - - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. + + + measurand + VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. - + + + Property + From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). + + + + - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + + + + + + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + DIN 8589-2:2003-09 @@ -26394,155 +26144,172 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c - - - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - DIN 8583-2:2003-09 + + + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org - - - Whole - From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + DIN 8583-1:2003-09 - - - FunctionalIcon - From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. - + + + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 + - + + + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + DIN 8589-6:2003-09 + + + + - Matter - From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). + Estimation + From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). - + + + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + DIN 55405:2014-12 + + + + - CausalParticle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + Whole + From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). - - - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 + + + Artifact + From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. - + + + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + DIN 8585-3:2003-09 + + + + + + Particle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + + + - Procedure - From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). + Holistic + Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). + + + + + + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 - - Collection - From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. + + + + + + 2 + + + Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). - + - Manufacturing - From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). + CausalPath + From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). - - - AnalogicalIcon - From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). + + + Equipment + From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. - - - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - DIN 8589-6:2003-09 + + + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 - + - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - + - ManufacturedProduct - From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". + CausalStructure + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). - + + + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. + + + + - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + EN 16603-11:2019-11 - + - EMMO - EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. + Manufacturing + From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). - - - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - http://www.linfo.org/program.html + + + isPredecessorOf + From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - - - - - - - - - Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. + + + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 @@ -26553,19 +26320,54 @@ discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - - - Device - From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". + + + Wholistic + From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. - - - Product - From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. + + + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + + + + + + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. + + @@ -26582,7 +26384,7 @@ discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - + @@ -26590,7 +26392,7 @@ discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. + Enforcing parthood reflexivity. @@ -26632,96 +26434,113 @@ discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - + + + Variable + Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). + + + + + + ResemblanceIcon + From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). + + + + - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) + + + Machine + From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. - + - Quantum - From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". + FunctionalIcon + From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). - - - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + + + Elementary + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + DIN 8586:2003-09 - + - Data - From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - - - - - - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - EN 10028-1:2017-07 + AnalogicalIcon + From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). - - - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Factory + From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). - - - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 + + + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - - - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + + + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 - - - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + + + Symbolic + From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). - - - Dedomena - From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) + + + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 - - - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 + + + Software + From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. - + - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - DIN EN 13956:2013-03 + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol @@ -26729,7 +26548,44 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -26738,7 +26594,7 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or - + @@ -26752,7 +26608,7 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or - + @@ -26760,43 +26616,35 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or - Transitivity for parthood. + Transitivity for proper parthood. - - - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 + + + Existent + ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). - - - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - DIN 65099-4:1989-11 + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + DIN 8584-1:2003-09 - + - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics - - - - - - Fundamental - From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + DIN 8588:2013-08 @@ -26807,97 +26655,110 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + + + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - + - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - DIN 8588:2013-08 + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + ISO 13574:2015-02 - + - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + DIN 8593-3:2003-09 - + - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL - - - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 - + - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html - - - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Quantum + From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". - - - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. + + + TangibleProduct + From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. - + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - DIN 8584-1:2003-09 + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - + + + PhysicalObject + From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + + + + Part + From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. + + + + - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - DIN 55405:2014-12 + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Perspective - From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 + + + + + + CausalSystem + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). - - - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal + + + Engineered + From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). @@ -26916,7 +26777,7 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - + @@ -26924,49 +26785,22 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - Enforcing parthood reflexivity. + Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. - - - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - - - - - - CausalChain - From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). - - - - - - Model - From Latin modus (“measure”). - - - - - - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 - - - - - - Language - From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 - - - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. + + + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + DIN 8588:2013-08 @@ -26978,21 +26812,20 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or - - - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - DIN 8589-2:2003-09 + + + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 - - + + - - + @@ -27000,147 +26833,251 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or - + + - - + + + Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. - - - Existent - ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). + + + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + DIN 8589-3:2003-09 - - - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - EN 16603-11:2019-11 + + + Data + From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - + - Crystal - From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + Device + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". - + - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - ISO 4885:2018-02 + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + http://www.linfo.org/program.html - + - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - DIN 8588:2013-08 + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + DIN EN 13831:2007-12 - + - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - DIN 8585-3:2003-09 + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 - - - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 + + + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ - + + + Dedomena + From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) + + + + - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + DIN EN 14943:2006-03 + + + + - Boson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + Observation + From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), - + + + CausalChain + From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). + + + + + + CausalObject + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + + + + isCauseOf + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). + + + + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + + + + + + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + http://www.linfo.org/program.html + + + + + + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + DIN 8583-2:2003-09 + + + + + + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 + + + + - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - + - Item - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + mereological + Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - + + + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + + + + + + Tool + Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. + + + + + + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 + + + + - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - - - Equipment - From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. + + + CausalParticle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - Simulacrum - From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + DIN 8587:2003-09 - + - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - DIN 8593-3:2003-09 + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DIN 8584-2:2003-09 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - TangibleProduct - From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. + Lifetime + From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. + + - - - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - DIN EN 9110:2018-08 + + + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; @@ -27148,32 +27085,21 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or - + - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + - + @@ -27181,284 +27107,320 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or - + - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - DIN EN 13831:2007-12 + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Factory - From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). + + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - - - CausalPath - From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). + + + Object that is processed with a machine + DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 - - - PhysicalObject - From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + + + + + + + Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - 2 + + + + + + - Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). + All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. - - - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 + + + Index + From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). - + + + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece + + + + - Computation - From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). + Cogniser + From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” - - - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation + + + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + DIN EN 13956:2013-03 - + - CausalStructure - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). + Icon + From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). - - - isPredecessorOf - From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). + + + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 - - - Particle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + + Assemblying + From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. - + - Estimation - From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). + Procedure + From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). - - - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 - + - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + DIN 8580:2022-12 + -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) + + + + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. + + + + + + Product + From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. + + + + + + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + DIN EN 9110:2018-08 + + + + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - DIN 8583-1:2003-09 + + + EMMO + EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. - - - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck + + + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html - - - - - - - - - - - - All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. + + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). - - - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Language + From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + Fundamental + From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). - - - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + + + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure - - - measurand - VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. + + + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - + - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + DIN 8586:2003-09 - - - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece + + + Item + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". - - - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DIN 8584-2:2003-09 + + + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + ISO 4885:2018-02 - - - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + + + Boson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics + + + + + + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + DIN 8589-0:2003-09 - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + ISO 14034:2016-11 - - - Observation - From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), + + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain - + + + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. + + + + - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck - - - Symbolic - From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - CausalSystem - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). + + + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 - - - Software - From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. + + + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) - - - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). + + + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 - + - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology @@ -27466,34 +27428,79 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + + - Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. - - - Cogniser - From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” + + + Verfestigen durch Umformen + DIN 8580:2022-12 + + + + + + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 + + + + + + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 + + + + + + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + + + + + + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + DIN 65099-4:1989-11 + + + + + + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 diff --git a/chameo-inferred.ttl b/chameo-inferred.ttl index 5e1d2d1..37b60c4 100644 --- a/chameo-inferred.ttl +++ b/chameo-inferred.ttl @@ -2327,7 +2327,11 @@ ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter :hasMeasurementParameter rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; - rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess ; + rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( :CalibrationProcess + :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + ) + ] ; rdfs:range :MeasurementParameter ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; @@ -3301,7 +3305,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en , """A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit \"1000010\" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter \"B\". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: \"Hello\", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Symbolic"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Symbolic"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en ; @@ -3418,7 +3422,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_06658d8d_dcde_4fc9_aae1_17f71c0bcdec rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8 ] ; rdfs:comment "1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Vector"@en ; skos:altLabel "1DArray"@en , "LinearArray" ; @@ -4507,7 +4511,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_13191289_6c2b_4741_93e1_82d53bd0e703 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606 , ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b ; rdfs:comment "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Participant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Participant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; @@ -5214,7 +5218,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 ] ; rdfs:comment "A determination of an object without any actual interaction."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Estimation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Estimation"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A determination of an object without any actual interaction."@en . @@ -5521,7 +5525,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_1eb6b28e_f260_4f04_ada1_19c6dcb668d9 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; rdfs:comment "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Variable"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Variable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; @@ -5854,7 +5858,7 @@ In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by o Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Number"@en ; skos:altLabel "Numeral"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Number"@en ; @@ -6065,7 +6069,7 @@ This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Subjective"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Subjective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box."@en ; @@ -6407,7 +6411,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_28fbea28_2204_4613_87ff_6d877b855fcd rdf:type owl:Class ; See Shape4x3Matrix as an example."""@en , "Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays."@en , "Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Array"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Array"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays."@en ; @@ -6580,7 +6584,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 rdf:type owl:Class ; """The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Objective"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Objective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel."@en . @@ -6814,7 +6818,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2ce04004_62cf_4394_b6a2_b45fce1aebfe rdf:type owl:Class ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf , - _:genid253 ; + _:genid256 ; rdfs:comment """A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be."""@en , @@ -6828,7 +6832,7 @@ The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alter ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule."@en . -_:genid253 rdf:type owl:Restriction ; +_:genid256 rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 ; owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de . @@ -6836,7 +6840,7 @@ _:genid253 rdf:type owl:Restriction ; [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:genid253 ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:genid256 ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item)."@en ] . @@ -7167,7 +7171,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_321af35f_f0cc_4a5c_b4fe_8c2c0303fb0c rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4 ; rdfs:comment "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -7936,7 +7940,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 ] ; rdfs:comment "A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Observation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Observation"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction."@en . @@ -8792,7 +8796,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce rdf:type owl:Class ; """Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Process"@en ; skos:altLabel "Occurrent"@en , "Perdurant"@en ; @@ -9082,7 +9086,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan."@en , "The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules."@en , "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Procedure"@en ; skos:altLabel "Elaboration"@en , "Work"@en ; @@ -9333,7 +9337,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en , """This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Perspective"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Perspective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en ; @@ -9413,7 +9417,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_498aad49_f8d4_40a4_a9eb_efd563a0115f rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Estimator"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Estimator"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en . @@ -9471,7 +9475,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4b32fc1e_5293_4247_9e8d_1175df9f1c0b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3 , ns1:EMMO_f055e217_0b1b_4e7e_b8be_7340211b0c5e ; rdfs:comment "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "StrictFundamental"@en ; skos:prefLabel "StrictFundamental"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en . @@ -9603,7 +9607,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4cdec724_8ed2_4e8e_b145_260a828bb1ed rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; rdfs:comment "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Numerical"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Numerical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en . @@ -10127,7 +10131,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_50ea1ec5_f157_41b0_b46b_a9032f17ca10 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c ; rdfs:comment "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en , "A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "String"@en ; skos:prefLabel "String"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en ; @@ -10518,7 +10522,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; rdfs:comment "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en , "A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Mathematical"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Mathematical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en . @@ -11668,7 +11672,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_64963ed6_39c9_4258_85e0_6466c4b5420c rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_5848e476_2768_4988_98f9_9053c532307b ) ; rdfs:comment "A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Workflow"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Workflow"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts."@en . @@ -11737,7 +11741,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 rdf:type owl:Class ; ] ; rdfs:comment "A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time."@en , "An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "HolisticSystem"@en ; skos:prefLabel "HolisticSystem"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole."@en . @@ -13474,8 +13478,8 @@ ns1:EMMO_802c167d_b792_4cb8_a315_35797345c0e3 rdf:type owl:Class ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing , - _:genid631 , - _:genid633 ; + _:genid634 , + _:genid636 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ) ; @@ -13503,11 +13507,11 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one)."""@en . -_:genid631 rdf:type owl:Restriction ; +_:genid634 rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 . -_:genid633 rdf:type owl:Restriction ; +_:genid636 rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; owl:hasValue ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 . @@ -13515,14 +13519,14 @@ _:genid633 rdf:type owl:Restriction ; [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:genid631 ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:genid634 ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO."@en ] . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:genid633 ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:genid636 ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe."@en ] . @@ -14541,7 +14545,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c rdf:type owl:Class ; ] ; rdfs:comment "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en , "This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en ; @@ -14758,7 +14762,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8c64fcfa_23aa_45f8_9e58_bdfd065fab8f rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b ; rdfs:comment "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Constant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Constant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en . @@ -15170,7 +15174,7 @@ However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal pa In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental."""@en , "A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Object"@en ; skos:altLabel "Continuant"@en , "Endurant"@en ; @@ -16008,7 +16012,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9b075686_4ac2_43bb_b2a3_17b3ea24ff17 rdf:type owl:Class ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be ns1:EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_7286b164_df4c_4c14_a4b5_d41ad9c121f3 ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Estimated"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Estimated"@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The biography of a person that the author have not met."@en . @@ -16109,7 +16113,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9bc6da11_528a_44e8_bd9e_c4154eae7e55 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9be5fcc4_0d8b_481d_b984_6338d4b55588 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 ; rdfs:comment "An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Measurer"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Measurer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property."@en . @@ -16216,7 +16220,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9d8f708a_f291_4d72_80ec_362c6e6bbca6 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; rdfs:comment "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "NumericalVariable"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NumericalVariable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en . @@ -16478,7 +16482,7 @@ e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. \"Bq\" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of \"B\" and \"q\" symbols when dealing with characters."""@en , "The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Symbol"@en ; skos:altLabel "AlphabeticEntity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Symbol"@en ; @@ -17103,7 +17107,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_aa7397ff_2815_434e_9b99_e4c6a80e034e rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2 ; rdfs:comment "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "TemporallyFundamental"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporallyFundamental"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en . @@ -18197,7 +18201,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b94b3748_71c5_4de9_95e7_42586c3ed607 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_b9522e56_1fac_4766_97e6_428605fabd3e rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; rdfs:comment "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "HolisticArrangement"@en ; skos:prefLabel "HolisticArrangement"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en . @@ -18296,7 +18300,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c ] ; rdfs:comment "A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "IntentionalProcess"@en ; skos:altLabel "Project"@en ; skos:prefLabel "IntentionalProcess"@en ; @@ -18528,7 +18532,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules."""@en , "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DiscreteData"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DiscreteData"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; @@ -18858,7 +18862,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da rdf:type owl:Class ; is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure"""@en , "Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "FractionUnit"@en ; skos:altLabel "RatioUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FractionUnit"@en ; @@ -19027,7 +19031,7 @@ The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most genera - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph"""@en , "The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CausalStructure"@en ; skos:altLabel "CausalObject"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CausalStructure"@en ; @@ -19362,7 +19366,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c949f76f_4a65_4203_9734_0f9dd778e56b rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_c9805ac9_a943_4be4_ac4b_6da64ba36c73 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b ; rdfs:comment "A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Declared"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Declared"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention."@en . @@ -19593,7 +19597,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_cbdea88b_fef1_4c7c_b69f_ae1f0f241c4a rdf:type owl:Class ; The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units)."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DimensionalUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionalUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit."@en ; @@ -20503,7 +20507,7 @@ Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ; rdfs:comment "A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Language"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Language"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en . @@ -21991,7 +21995,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_ea47add2_8e93_4659_a5f0_e6879032dee0 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Observer"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Observer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en . @@ -23187,7 +23191,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8bd64d5_5d3e_4ad4_a46e_c30714fecb7f rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:onDataRange xsd:integer ] ; rdfs:comment "An integer number."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Integer"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Integer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An integer number."@en . @@ -23211,7 +23215,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8e436fb_61ed_4512_a5a5_bee90f0cec2f rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f93fe78b_9646_4a15_b88b_1c93686a764d rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; rdfs:comment "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Network"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Network"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en . @@ -23553,7 +23557,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_fc86c700_ccea_441c_b628_ad236f030fe6 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; rdfs:comment "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "NonTemporalRole"@en ; skos:altLabel "HolisticSpatialPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NonTemporalRole"@en ; @@ -26588,16 +26592,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger - ] . - -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger @@ -26606,13 +26607,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger @@ -26621,13 +26622,16 @@ ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger diff --git a/chameo.html b/chameo.html index 81f5070..65aa038 100644 --- a/chameo.html +++ b/chameo.html @@ -49,8 +49,12 @@

ACVoltammetryAnnotations - Elucidation - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + Altlabel + ACV + + + Preflabel + ACVoltammetry Comment @@ -65,21 +69,17 @@

ACVoltammetry - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Altlabel - ACV - - - Preflabel - ACVoltammetry + Elucidation + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label ACVoltammetry @@ -103,8 +103,8 @@

AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations - Elucidation - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + Preflabel + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry Comment @@ -115,8 +115,8 @@

AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - Preflabel - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + Elucidation + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve Label @@ -141,16 +141,16 @@

AccessConditionsAnnotations - Elucidation - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + Preflabel + AccessConditions Comment Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - Preflabel - AccessConditions + Elucidation + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment Example @@ -179,8 +179,12 @@

AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations - Elucidation - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + Altlabel + AdSV + + + Preflabel + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry Comment @@ -191,16 +195,12 @@

AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetryStripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Altlabel - AdSV + Elucidation + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - Preflabel - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -225,16 +225,16 @@

AlphaSpectrometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + Preflabel + AlphaSpectrometry Comment Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - Preflabel - AlphaSpectrometry + Elucidation + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. Label @@ -259,8 +259,8 @@

AmperometryAnnotations - Elucidation - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + Preflabel + Amperometry Comment @@ -271,12 +271,12 @@

AmperometryThe amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Preflabel - Amperometry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -301,16 +301,16 @@

AnalyticalElectronMicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + Preflabel + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy Comment Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - Preflabel - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Elucidation + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. Label @@ -335,25 +335,25 @@

AnodicStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations - Elucidation - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + Preflabel + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry Comment Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Preflabel - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + Elucidation + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label AnodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -376,14 +376,6 @@

AtomProbeTomographyAnnotations - - Elucidation - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - - - Comment - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - Altlabel 3D Atom Probe @@ -396,6 +388,14 @@

AtomProbeTomographyPreflabel AtomProbeTomography + + Comment + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + + Elucidation + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + Label AtomProbeTomography @@ -419,16 +419,16 @@

AtomicForceMicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + Preflabel + AtomicForceMicroscopy Comment Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - Preflabel - AtomicForceMicroscopy + Elucidation + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. Label @@ -478,14 +478,6 @@

BrunauerEmmettTellerMethodAnnotations - - Elucidation - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - - - Comment - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - Altlabel BET @@ -498,6 +490,14 @@

BrunauerEmmettTellerMethodWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + + Comment + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + + + Elucidation + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 @@ -525,16 +525,16 @@

CalibrationDataAnnotations - Elucidation - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + Preflabel + CalibrationData Comment Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - Preflabel - CalibrationData + Elucidation + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. Label @@ -559,16 +559,16 @@

CalibrationDataPostProcessingAnnotations - Elucidation - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + Preflabel + CalibrationDataPostProcessing Comment Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - Preflabel - CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Elucidation + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. Label @@ -593,8 +593,8 @@

CalibrationProcessAnnotations - Elucidation - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + Preflabel + CalibrationProcess Comment @@ -613,8 +613,8 @@

CalibrationProcessUsually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - Preflabel - CalibrationProcess + Elucidation + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. Definition @@ -663,16 +663,16 @@

CalorimetryAnnotations - Elucidation - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Preflabel + Calorimetry Comment In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Preflabel - Calorimetry + Elucidation + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. Label @@ -696,18 +696,6 @@

CathodicStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations - - Elucidation - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - - - Comment - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel CSV @@ -716,10 +704,22 @@

CathodicStrippingVoltammetryPreflabel CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + + Comment + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + + + Elucidation + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label CathodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -742,14 +742,14 @@

CharacterisationComponentAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel CharacterisationComponent + + Comment + + Label CharacterisationComponent @@ -773,16 +773,16 @@

CharacterisationDataAnnotations - Elucidation - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + Preflabel + CharacterisationData Comment Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - Preflabel - CharacterisationData + Elucidation + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process Label @@ -807,16 +807,16 @@

CharacterisationDataValidationAnnotations - Elucidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + Preflabel + CharacterisationDataValidation Comment Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - Preflabel - CharacterisationDataValidation + Elucidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. Label @@ -841,8 +841,8 @@

CharacterisationEnvironmentAnnotations - Elucidation - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + Preflabel + CharacterisationEnvironment Comment @@ -857,8 +857,8 @@

CharacterisationEnvironmentMedium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - Preflabel - CharacterisationEnvironment + Elucidation + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. Label @@ -890,14 +890,14 @@

CharacterisationEnvironmentPropertyAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + Comment + + Label CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -921,8 +921,8 @@

CharacterisationExperimentAnnotations - Elucidation - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + Preflabel + CharacterisationExperiment Comment @@ -933,8 +933,8 @@

CharacterisationExperimentA characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - Preflabel - CharacterisationExperiment + Elucidation + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. Label @@ -959,16 +959,16 @@

CharacterisationHardwareAnnotations - Elucidation - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + Preflabel + CharacterisationHardware Comment Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - Preflabel - CharacterisationHardware + Elucidation + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. Label @@ -992,14 +992,14 @@

CharacterisationHardwareSpecificationAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + Comment + + Label CharacterisationHardwareSpecification @@ -1023,8 +1023,8 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentAnnotations - Elucidation - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + Preflabel + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Comment @@ -1035,17 +1035,17 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentThe instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - Preflabel - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - - - Definition - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + Elucidation + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. Vimterm Measuring instrument + + Definition + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + Example In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter @@ -1089,8 +1089,8 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementProcessAnnotations - Elucidation - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + Preflabel + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess Comment @@ -1101,17 +1101,17 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementProcessThe measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Preflabel - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - - - Definition - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Elucidation + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. Vimterm Measurement + + Definition + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Label CharacterisationMeasurementProcess @@ -1159,8 +1159,8 @@

CharacterisationProcedureAnnotations - Elucidation - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + Preflabel + CharacterisationProcedure Comment @@ -1175,8 +1175,8 @@

CharacterisationProcedureThe process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - Preflabel - CharacterisationProcedure + Elucidation + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. Example @@ -1205,16 +1205,16 @@

CharacterisationProcedureValidationAnnotations - Elucidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + Preflabel + CharacterisationProcedureValidation Comment Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - Preflabel - CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Elucidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. Label @@ -1239,16 +1239,16 @@

CharacterisationPropertyAnnotations - Elucidation - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + Preflabel + CharacterisationProperty Comment The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - Preflabel - CharacterisationProperty + Elucidation + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). Label @@ -1277,16 +1277,16 @@

CharacterisationProtocolAnnotations - Elucidation - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + Preflabel + CharacterisationProtocol Comment A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - Preflabel - CharacterisationProtocol + Elucidation + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. Label @@ -1311,16 +1311,16 @@

CharacterisationSoftwareAnnotations - Elucidation - A software application to process characterisation data + Preflabel + CharacterisationSoftware Comment A software application to process characterisation data - Preflabel - CharacterisationSoftware + Elucidation + A software application to process characterisation data Example @@ -1349,8 +1349,8 @@

CharacterisationSystemAnnotations - Elucidation - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Preflabel + CharacterisationSystem Comment @@ -1361,17 +1361,17 @@

CharacterisationSystemSet of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - Preflabel - CharacterisationSystem - - - Definition - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + Elucidation + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. Vimterm Measuring system + + Definition + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + Label CharacterisationSystem @@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@

CharacterisationTask Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel CharacterisationTask + + Comment + + Label CharacterisationTask @@ -1445,32 +1445,32 @@

CharacterisationTechniqueAnnotations - Elucidation - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + Altlabel + Characterisation procedure - Comment - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + Altlabel + Characterisation technique - Comment - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + Preflabel + CharacterisationTechnique Comment A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - Altlabel - Characterisation procedure + Comment + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - Altlabel - Characterisation technique + Comment + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - Preflabel - CharacterisationTechnique + Elucidation + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). Label @@ -1495,16 +1495,16 @@

CharacterisationWorkflowAnnotations - Elucidation - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + Preflabel + CharacterisationWorkflow Comment A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - Preflabel - CharacterisationWorkflow + Elucidation + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. Label @@ -1541,16 +1541,16 @@

CharacterisedSampleAnnotations - Elucidation - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + Preflabel + CharacterisedSample Comment The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - Preflabel - CharacterisedSample + Elucidation + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process Label @@ -1574,14 +1574,14 @@

ChargeDistributionAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel ChargeDistribution + + Comment + + Label ChargeDistribution @@ -1604,14 +1604,6 @@

ChromatographyAnnotations - - Elucidation - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - - - Comment - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - Preflabel Chromatography @@ -1620,6 +1612,14 @@

ChromatographyWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + + Comment + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + + + Elucidation + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + Label Chromatography @@ -1642,18 +1642,6 @@

ChronoamperometryAnnotations - - Elucidation - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - - - Comment - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel AmperiometricDetection @@ -1666,6 +1654,18 @@

ChronoamperometryPreflabel Chronoamperometry + + Comment + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + + + Elucidation + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label Chronoamperometry @@ -1689,20 +1689,20 @@

ChronocoulometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + Preflabel + Chronocoulometry Comment Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Preflabel - Chronocoulometry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -1727,20 +1727,20 @@

ChronopotentiometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + Preflabel + Chronopotentiometry Comment Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Preflabel - Chronopotentiometry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -1765,16 +1765,16 @@

CompressionTestingAnnotations - Elucidation - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + Preflabel + CompressionTesting Comment Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - Preflabel - CompressionTesting + Elucidation + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. Label @@ -1799,25 +1799,25 @@

ConductometricTitrationAnnotations - Elucidation - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + Preflabel + ConductometricTitration Comment Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Preflabel - ConductometricTitration + Elucidation + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label ConductometricTitration @@ -1840,18 +1840,6 @@

ConductometryAnnotations - - Elucidation - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - - - Comment - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Preflabel Conductometry @@ -1861,13 +1849,25 @@

Conductometryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Comment + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + + + Elucidation + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 Example Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label Conductometry @@ -1891,16 +1891,16 @@

ConfocalMicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + Preflabel + ConfocalMicroscopy Comment Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - Preflabel - ConfocalMicroscopy + Elucidation + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. Label @@ -1925,16 +1925,16 @@

CoulometricTitrationAnnotations - Elucidation - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + Preflabel + CoulometricTitration Comment Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - Preflabel - CoulometricTitration + Elucidation + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. Label @@ -1959,32 +1959,32 @@

CoulometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Preflabel + Coulometry - Comment - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Comment + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Preflabel - Coulometry + Elucidation + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Ievreference - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + Ievreference + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 Label @@ -2009,16 +2009,16 @@

CreepTestingAnnotations - Elucidation - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + Preflabel + CreepTesting Comment The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - Preflabel - CreepTesting + Elucidation + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. Label @@ -2042,14 +2042,14 @@

CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatographyAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + + Comment + + Label CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography @@ -2073,20 +2073,20 @@

CyclicChronopotentiometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + Preflabel + CyclicChronopotentiometry - Elucidation - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + Comment + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - Comment + Elucidation Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - Preflabel - CyclicChronopotentiometry + Elucidation + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal Label @@ -2110,18 +2110,6 @@

CyclicVoltammetryAnnotations - - Elucidation - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - - - Comment - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel CV @@ -2134,6 +2122,14 @@

CyclicVoltammetryWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + + Comment + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + + + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + Dbpediareference https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry @@ -2142,6 +2138,10 @@

CyclicVoltammetryWikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label CyclicVoltammetry @@ -2165,20 +2165,20 @@

DCPolarographyAnnotations - Elucidation - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + Preflabel + DCPolarography Comment Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - Preflabel - DCPolarography + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -2203,16 +2203,16 @@

DataAcquisitionRateAnnotations - Elucidation - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + Preflabel + DataAcquisitionRate Comment Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - Preflabel - DataAcquisitionRate + Elucidation + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. Label @@ -2237,16 +2237,16 @@

DataAnalysisAnnotations - Elucidation - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + Preflabel + DataAnalysis Comment Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - Preflabel - DataAnalysis + Elucidation + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. Label @@ -2271,16 +2271,16 @@

DataFilteringAnnotations - Elucidation - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + Preflabel + DataFiltering Comment Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - Preflabel - DataFiltering + Elucidation + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. Label @@ -2305,8 +2305,8 @@

DataNormalisationAnnotations - Elucidation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + Preflabel + DataNormalisation Comment @@ -2321,8 +2321,8 @@

DataNormalisationIt involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - Preflabel - DataNormalisation + Elucidation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. Label @@ -2347,16 +2347,16 @@

DataPostProcessingAnnotations - Elucidation - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + Preflabel + DataPostProcessing Comment Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - Preflabel - DataPostProcessing + Elucidation + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. Label @@ -2381,16 +2381,16 @@

DataPreparationAnnotations - Elucidation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + Preflabel + DataPreparation Comment Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - Preflabel - DataPreparation + Elucidation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. Label @@ -2415,16 +2415,16 @@

DataProcessingThroughCalibrationAnnotations - Elucidation - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + Preflabel + DataProcessingThroughCalibration Comment Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - Preflabel - DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Elucidation + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. Label @@ -2449,16 +2449,16 @@

DataQualityAnnotations - Elucidation - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Preflabel + DataQuality Comment Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Preflabel - DataQuality + Elucidation + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. Example @@ -2487,16 +2487,16 @@

Detector Annotations - Elucidation - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Preflabel + Detector Comment Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Preflabel - Detector + Elucidation + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. Example @@ -2529,16 +2529,16 @@

DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + Preflabel + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy Comment Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - Preflabel - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Elucidation + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. Label @@ -2563,20 +2563,20 @@

DielectrometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + Preflabel + Dielectrometry Comment Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Preflabel - Dielectrometry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -2601,16 +2601,16 @@

DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetryAnnotations - Elucidation - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + Preflabel + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry Comment Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - Preflabel - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Elucidation + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. Label @@ -2634,18 +2634,6 @@

DifferentialPulseVoltammetryAnnotations - - Elucidation - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - - - Comment - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel DPV @@ -2658,10 +2646,22 @@

DifferentialPulseVoltammetryWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + + Comment + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + + + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label DifferentialPulseVoltammetry @@ -2684,14 +2684,14 @@

DifferentialRefractiveIndexAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + Comment + + Label DifferentialRefractiveIndex @@ -2714,14 +2714,6 @@

DifferentialScanningCalorimetryAnnotations - - Elucidation - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - - - Comment - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - Altlabel DSC @@ -2730,6 +2722,14 @@

DifferentialScanningCalorimetryPreflabel DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + + Comment + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + + + Elucidation + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + Label DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -2753,16 +2753,16 @@

DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetryAnnotations - Elucidation - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + Preflabel + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry Comment Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - Preflabel - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Elucidation + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. Label @@ -2786,14 +2786,6 @@

DifferentialThermalAnalysisAnnotations - - Elucidation - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - - Comment - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - Altlabel DTA @@ -2802,6 +2794,14 @@

DifferentialThermalAnalysisPreflabel DifferentialThermalAnalysis + + Comment + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + + + Elucidation + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + Label DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -2825,16 +2825,16 @@

DilatometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + Preflabel + Dilatometry Comment Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - Preflabel - Dilatometry + Elucidation + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. Label @@ -2859,16 +2859,16 @@

DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrentAnnotations - Elucidation - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + Preflabel + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent Comment Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - Preflabel - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Elucidation + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. Label @@ -2893,29 +2893,29 @@

DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotentialAnnotations - Elucidation + Preflabel + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + + + Comment Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - Elucidation + Comment In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - Comment + Elucidation Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - Comment + Elucidation In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Preflabel - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - Label DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential @@ -2939,16 +2939,16 @@

DirectCurrentInternalResistanceAnnotations - Elucidation - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + Preflabel + DirectCurrentInternalResistance Comment Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - Preflabel - DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Elucidation + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. Label @@ -2972,14 +2972,6 @@

DynamicLightScattering Annotations - - Elucidation - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - - - Comment - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - Altlabel DLS @@ -2988,6 +2980,14 @@

DynamicLightScatteringPreflabel DynamicLightScattering + + Comment + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + + + Elucidation + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + Label DynamicLightScattering @@ -3011,16 +3011,16 @@

DynamicMechanicalAnalysisAnnotations - Elucidation - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + Preflabel + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis Comment Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - Preflabel - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Elucidation + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. Label @@ -3044,14 +3044,6 @@

DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopyAnnotations - - Elucidation - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - - - Comment - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - Altlabel DMA @@ -3060,6 +3052,14 @@

DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopyPreflabel DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + + Comment + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + + + Elucidation + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + Label DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -3082,18 +3082,6 @@

ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopyAnnotations - - Elucidation - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - - - Comment - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel EIS @@ -3102,10 +3090,22 @@

ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopyPreflabel ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + + Comment + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + + + Elucidation + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy @@ -3129,20 +3129,20 @@

ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetryAnnotations - Elucidation - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + Preflabel + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry Comment Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - Preflabel - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -3167,8 +3167,8 @@

ElectrochemicalTestingAnnotations - Elucidation - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + Preflabel + ElectrochemicalTesting Comment @@ -3179,8 +3179,8 @@

ElectrochemicalTestingIn electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - Preflabel - ElectrochemicalTesting + Elucidation + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. Label @@ -3205,33 +3205,33 @@

ElectrogravimetryAnnotations - Elucidation - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Preflabel + Electrogravimetry - Elucidation - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry Comment Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Preflabel - Electrogravimetry - - - Ievreference - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + Elucidation + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + Elucidation + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + + Ievreference + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + Label Electrogravimetry @@ -3254,14 +3254,6 @@

ElectronBackscatterDiffractionAnnotations - - Elucidation - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - - Comment - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - Altlabel EBSD @@ -3270,6 +3262,14 @@

ElectronBackscatterDiffractionPreflabel ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + + Comment + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + + + Elucidation + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + Label ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -3297,16 +3297,16 @@

ElectronProbeMicroanalysisAnnotations - Elucidation - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + Preflabel + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis Comment Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - Preflabel - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Elucidation + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. Label @@ -3331,16 +3331,16 @@

EllipsometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Preflabel + Ellipsometry Comment Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Preflabel - Ellipsometry + Elucidation + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. Label @@ -3364,14 +3364,6 @@

EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopyAnnotations - - Elucidation - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - - - Comment - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - Altlabel EDS @@ -3388,6 +3380,14 @@

EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopyWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + + Comment + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + + + Elucidation + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 @@ -3415,16 +3415,16 @@

EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + Preflabel + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy Comment The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - Preflabel - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + Elucidation + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. Label @@ -3449,16 +3449,16 @@

Exafs Annotations - Elucidation - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Preflabel + Exafs Comment Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - Preflabel - Exafs + Elucidation + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. Label @@ -3483,16 +3483,16 @@

FatigueTestingAnnotations - Elucidation - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + Preflabel + FatigueTesting Comment Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - Preflabel - FatigueTesting + Elucidation + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. Label @@ -3516,14 +3516,6 @@

FibDic Annotations - - Elucidation - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - - Comment - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - Altlabel FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis @@ -3532,6 +3524,14 @@

FibDicPreflabel FibDic + + Comment + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + + Elucidation + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + Label FibDic @@ -3554,14 +3554,6 @@

FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopyAnnotations - - Elucidation - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - - Comment - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - Altlabel FE-SEM @@ -3570,6 +3562,14 @@

FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopyPreflabel FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + + Comment + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + + + Elucidation + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + Label FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -3592,14 +3592,6 @@

FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopyAnnotations - - Elucidation - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - - - Comment - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - Altlabel FTIR @@ -3612,6 +3604,14 @@

FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopyWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy + + Comment + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + + + Elucidation + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 @@ -3639,16 +3639,16 @@

FractographyAnnotations - Elucidation - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Preflabel + Fractography Comment Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - Preflabel - Fractography + Elucidation + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. Label @@ -3673,16 +3673,16 @@

FreezingPointDepressionOsmometryAnnotations - Elucidation - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + Preflabel + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry Comment The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - Preflabel - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + Elucidation + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. Label @@ -3706,14 +3706,6 @@

GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechniqueAnnotations - - Elucidation - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - - - Comment - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - Altlabel GITT @@ -3722,6 +3714,14 @@

GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechniquePreflabel GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + + Comment + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + + + Elucidation + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 @@ -3749,16 +3749,16 @@

GammaSpectrometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + Preflabel + GammaSpectrometry Comment Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - Preflabel - GammaSpectrometry + Elucidation + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. Label @@ -3782,14 +3782,6 @@

GasAdsorptionPorosimetryAnnotations - - Elucidation - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - - Comment - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - Altlabel GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -3798,6 +3790,14 @@

GasAdsorptionPorosimetryPreflabel GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + + Comment + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + + Elucidation + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + Label GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -3821,16 +3821,16 @@

Grinding Annotations - Elucidation - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + Preflabel + Grinding Comment Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - Preflabel - Grinding + Elucidation + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. Label @@ -3854,14 +3854,6 @@

HPPC Annotations - - Elucidation - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - - - Comment - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - Altlabel HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation @@ -3874,6 +3866,14 @@

HPPCPreflabel HPPC + + Comment + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + + + Elucidation + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + Label HPPC @@ -3897,16 +3897,16 @@

HardnessTestingAnnotations - Elucidation - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + Preflabel + HardnessTesting Comment A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - Preflabel - HardnessTesting + Elucidation + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. Label @@ -3931,14 +3931,14 @@

HardwareManufacturer Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel HardwareManufacturer + + Comment + + Label HardwareManufacturer @@ -3962,14 +3962,14 @@

HardwareModelAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel HardwareModel + + Comment + + Label HardwareModel @@ -3993,16 +3993,16 @@

HazardAnnotations - Elucidation - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Preflabel + Hazard Comment Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - Preflabel - Hazard + Elucidation + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. Label @@ -4027,16 +4027,16 @@

HolderAnnotations - Elucidation - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Preflabel + Holder Comment An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - Preflabel - Holder + Elucidation + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. Label @@ -4060,18 +4060,6 @@

HydrodynamicVoltammetry Annotations - - Elucidation - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - - - Comment - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Preflabel HydrodynamicVoltammetry @@ -4080,10 +4068,22 @@

HydrodynamicVoltammetryWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + + Comment + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + + + Elucidation + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label HydrodynamicVoltammetry @@ -4106,14 +4106,6 @@

ICI

Annotations - - Elucidation - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - - - Comment - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - Altlabel IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod @@ -4122,6 +4114,14 @@

ICI

Preflabel ICI + + Comment + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + + + Elucidation + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + Label ICI @@ -4145,20 +4145,20 @@

ImpedimetryAnnotations - Elucidation - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + Preflabel + Impedimetry Comment Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - Preflabel - Impedimetry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -4183,8 +4183,8 @@

InteractionVolumeAnnotations - Elucidation - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + Preflabel + InteractionVolume Comment @@ -4203,8 +4203,8 @@

InteractionVolumeThe volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - Preflabel - InteractionVolume + Elucidation + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). Example @@ -4232,14 +4232,14 @@

IntermediateSampleAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel IntermediateSample + + Comment + + Label IntermediateSample @@ -4262,14 +4262,6 @@

IonChromatographyAnnotations - - Elucidation - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - - - Comment - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - Preflabel IonChromatography @@ -4278,6 +4270,14 @@

IonChromatographyWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + Comment + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + + + Elucidation + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + Label IonChromatography @@ -4300,14 +4300,6 @@

IonMobilitySpectrometry Annotations - - Elucidation - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - - - Comment - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - Altlabel IMS @@ -4316,6 +4308,14 @@

IonMobilitySpectrometryPreflabel IonMobilitySpectrometry + + Comment + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + + + Elucidation + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + Label IonMobilitySpectrometry @@ -4338,14 +4338,6 @@

IsothermalMicrocalorimetryAnnotations - - Elucidation - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - - Comment - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - Altlabel IMC @@ -4354,6 +4346,14 @@

IsothermalMicrocalorimetryPreflabel IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + + Comment + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + + + Elucidation + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + Label IsothermalMicrocalorimetry @@ -4377,16 +4377,16 @@

LaboratoryAnnotations - Elucidation - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Preflabel + Laboratory Comment The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Preflabel - Laboratory + Elucidation + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. Label @@ -4411,16 +4411,16 @@

LevelOfAutomationAnnotations - Elucidation - Describes the level of automation of the test. + Preflabel + LevelOfAutomation Comment Describes the level of automation of the test. - Preflabel - LevelOfAutomation + Elucidation + Describes the level of automation of the test. Label @@ -4445,16 +4445,16 @@

LevelOfExpertiseAnnotations - Elucidation - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + Preflabel + LevelOfExpertise Comment Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - Preflabel - LevelOfExpertise + Elucidation + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). Label @@ -4479,16 +4479,16 @@

LightScatteringAnnotations - Elucidation - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + Preflabel + LightScattering Comment Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - Preflabel - LightScattering + Elucidation + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. Label @@ -4513,20 +4513,20 @@

LinearChronopotentiometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + Preflabel + LinearChronopotentiometry - Elucidation - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + Comment + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - Comment + Elucidation Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - Preflabel - LinearChronopotentiometry + Elucidation + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly Label @@ -4550,18 +4550,6 @@

LinearScanVoltammetry Annotations - - Elucidation - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - - - Comment - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel LSV @@ -4582,10 +4570,22 @@

LinearScanVoltammetryWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry + + Comment + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + + + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label LinearScanVoltammetry @@ -4609,16 +4609,16 @@

MassSpectrometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + Preflabel + MassSpectrometry Comment Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - Preflabel - MassSpectrometry + Elucidation + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. Label @@ -4643,8 +4643,8 @@

MeasurementDataPostProcessingAnnotations - Elucidation - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Preflabel + MeasurementDataPostProcessing Comment @@ -4655,8 +4655,8 @@

MeasurementDataPostProcessingApplication of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - Preflabel - MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Elucidation + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Example @@ -4685,8 +4685,8 @@

MeasurementParameterAnnotations - Elucidation - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + Preflabel + MeasurementParameter Comment @@ -4697,8 +4697,8 @@

MeasurementParameterDescribes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - Preflabel - MeasurementParameter + Elucidation + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. Label @@ -4723,8 +4723,12 @@

MeasurementSystemAdjustmentAnnotations - Elucidation - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Altlabel + MeasurementParameterAdjustment + + + Preflabel + MeasurementSystemAdjustment Comment @@ -4739,21 +4743,17 @@

MeasurementSystemAdjustmentActivity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Altlabel - MeasurementParameterAdjustment + Elucidation + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Preflabel - MeasurementSystemAdjustment + Vimterm + Adjustment Definition From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - - Vimterm - Adjustment - Label MeasurementSystemAdjustment @@ -4781,8 +4781,8 @@

MeasurementTimeAnnotations - Elucidation - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + Preflabel + MeasurementTime Comment @@ -4793,8 +4793,8 @@

MeasurementTimeThe overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - Preflabel - MeasurementTime + Elucidation + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. Label @@ -4818,14 +4818,6 @@

MechanicalTestingAnnotations - - Elucidation - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - - - Comment - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - Preflabel MechanicalTesting @@ -4834,6 +4826,14 @@

MechanicalTestingWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + + Comment + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + + + Elucidation + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + Label MechanicalTesting @@ -4857,8 +4857,8 @@

MembraneOsmometryAnnotations - Elucidation - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + Preflabel + MembraneOsmometry Comment @@ -4869,8 +4869,8 @@

MembraneOsmometryIn the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - Preflabel - MembraneOsmometry + Elucidation + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. Label @@ -4895,8 +4895,8 @@

MercuryPorosimetryAnnotations - Elucidation - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + Preflabel + MercuryPorosimetry Comment @@ -4907,8 +4907,8 @@

MercuryPorosimetryA method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - Preflabel - MercuryPorosimetry + Elucidation + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. Label @@ -4933,8 +4933,8 @@

MicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Preflabel + Microscopy Comment @@ -4945,8 +4945,8 @@

MicroscopyMicroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Preflabel - Microscopy + Elucidation + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. Label @@ -4971,16 +4971,16 @@

Milling¶ Annotations - Elucidation - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Preflabel + Milling Comment Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - Preflabel - Milling + Elucidation + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. Label @@ -5005,8 +5005,8 @@

Mounting Annotations - Elucidation - The sample is mounted on a holder. + Preflabel + Mounting Comment @@ -5017,8 +5017,8 @@

Mounting The sample is mounted on a holder. - Preflabel - Mounting + Elucidation + The sample is mounted on a holder. Label @@ -5047,8 +5047,8 @@

NanoindentationAnnotations - Elucidation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + Preflabel + Nanoindentation Comment @@ -5059,8 +5059,8 @@

NanoindentationNanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - Preflabel - Nanoindentation + Elucidation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. Example @@ -5088,14 +5088,6 @@

NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopyAnnotations - - Elucidation - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - - Comment - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - Altlabel NSE @@ -5104,6 +5096,14 @@

NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopyPreflabel NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + + Comment + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + + + Elucidation + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + Label NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy @@ -5127,16 +5127,16 @@

NexafsAnnotations - Elucidation - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + Preflabel + Nexafs Comment Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - Preflabel - Nexafs + Elucidation + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. Label @@ -5161,28 +5161,28 @@

NormalPulseVoltammetryAnnotations - Elucidation - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Altlabel + NPV + + + Preflabel + NormalPulseVoltammetry Comment Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Altlabel - NPV - - - Preflabel - NormalPulseVoltammetry - - - Label - NormalPulseVoltammetry + Label + NormalPulseVoltammetry Formal description @@ -5202,14 +5202,6 @@

NuclearMagneticResonanceAnnotations - - Elucidation - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - - Comment - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - Altlabel Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) @@ -5222,6 +5214,14 @@

NuclearMagneticResonancePreflabel NuclearMagneticResonance + + Comment + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + + + Elucidation + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + Label NuclearMagneticResonance @@ -5244,14 +5244,6 @@

OpenCircuitHoldAnnotations - - Elucidation - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - - - Comment - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - Altlabel OCVHold @@ -5260,6 +5252,14 @@

OpenCircuitHoldPreflabel OpenCircuitHold + + Comment + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + + + Elucidation + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + Label OpenCircuitHold @@ -5283,16 +5283,16 @@

Operator Annotations - Elucidation - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + Preflabel + Operator Comment The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - Preflabel - Operator + Elucidation + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. Label @@ -5325,16 +5325,16 @@

OpticalMicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + Preflabel + OpticalMicroscopy Comment Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - Preflabel - OpticalMicroscopy + Elucidation + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. Label @@ -5358,14 +5358,14 @@

OpticalTestingAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel OpticalTesting + + Comment + + Label OpticalTesting @@ -5389,16 +5389,16 @@

OsmometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + Preflabel + Osmometry Comment Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - Preflabel - Osmometry + Elucidation + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). Label @@ -5423,8 +5423,8 @@

OutlierRemovalAnnotations - Elucidation - Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. + Preflabel + OutlierRemoval Comment @@ -5435,8 +5435,8 @@

OutlierRemoval - Preflabel - OutlierRemoval + Elucidation + Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. Label @@ -5461,16 +5461,16 @@

PhotoluminescenceMicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + Preflabel + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy Comment Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - Preflabel - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Elucidation + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. Label @@ -5495,8 +5495,8 @@

PhysicsOfInteractionAnnotations - Elucidation - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + Preflabel + PhysicsOfInteraction Comment @@ -5507,8 +5507,8 @@

PhysicsOfInteractionSet of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - Preflabel - PhysicsOfInteraction + Elucidation + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. Example @@ -5541,16 +5541,16 @@

PolishingAnnotations - Elucidation - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + Preflabel + Polishing Comment Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - Preflabel - Polishing + Elucidation + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. Label @@ -5574,14 +5574,14 @@

PorosimetryAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel Porosimetry + + Comment + + Label Porosimetry @@ -5605,8 +5605,8 @@

PostProcessingModelAnnotations - Elucidation - Mathematical model used to process data. + Preflabel + PostProcessingModel Comment @@ -5625,8 +5625,8 @@

PostProcessingModelThe PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - Preflabel - PostProcessingModel + Elucidation + Mathematical model used to process data. Label @@ -5651,12 +5651,12 @@

PotentiometricStrippingAnalysisAnnotations - Elucidation - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + Altlabel + PSA - Elucidation - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + Preflabel + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis Comment @@ -5679,12 +5679,12 @@

PotentiometricStrippingAnalysisthe time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - Altlabel - PSA + Elucidation + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - Preflabel - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Elucidation + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential Label @@ -5709,28 +5709,28 @@

PotentiometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + Preflabel + Potentiometry Comment Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Preflabel - Potentiometry + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - Ievreference - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 + Ievreference + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 Label @@ -5755,16 +5755,16 @@

PreparedSampleAnnotations - Elucidation - The sample after a preparation process. + Preflabel + PreparedSample Comment The sample after a preparation process. - Preflabel - PreparedSample + Elucidation + The sample after a preparation process. Label @@ -5789,16 +5789,16 @@

PrimaryDataAnnotations - Elucidation - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Preflabel + PrimaryData Comment Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Preflabel - PrimaryData + Elucidation + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. Example @@ -5827,8 +5827,8 @@

Probe Annotations - Elucidation - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + Preflabel + Probe Comment @@ -5839,8 +5839,8 @@

Probe - Preflabel - Probe + Elucidation + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. Example @@ -5885,8 +5885,8 @@

ProbeSampleInteractionAnnotations - Elucidation - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + Preflabel + ProbeSampleInteraction Comment @@ -5897,8 +5897,8 @@

ProbeSampleInteraction - Preflabel - ProbeSampleInteraction + Elucidation + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal Label @@ -5939,8 +5939,8 @@

ProcessingReproducibilityAnnotations - Elucidation - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + Preflabel + ProcessingReproducibility Comment @@ -5951,8 +5951,8 @@

ProcessingReproducibility - Preflabel - ProcessingReproducibility + Elucidation + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) Label @@ -5977,8 +5977,8 @@

ProfilometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + Preflabel + Profilometry Comment @@ -5989,8 +5989,8 @@

Profilometry - Preflabel - Profilometry + Elucidation + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. Label @@ -6015,8 +6015,12 @@

PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethodAnnotations - Elucidation - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + Altlabel + PseudoOCV + + + Preflabel + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod Comment @@ -6027,12 +6031,8 @@

PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - Altlabel - PseudoOCV - - - Preflabel - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + Elucidation + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage Label @@ -6057,8 +6057,8 @@

PulsedElectroacousticMethodAnnotations - Elucidation - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + Preflabel + PulsedElectroacousticMethod Comment @@ -6069,12 +6069,12 @@

PulsedElectroacousticMethod - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y + Elucidation + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - Preflabel - PulsedElectroacousticMethod + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y Label @@ -6099,8 +6099,8 @@

RamanSpectroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.

Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.

Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + Preflabel + RamanSpectroscopy Comment @@ -6111,8 +6111,8 @@

RamanSpectroscopy - Preflabel - RamanSpectroscopy + Elucidation + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.

Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.

Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. Label @@ -6137,16 +6137,16 @@

RationaleAnnotations - Elucidation - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Preflabel + Rationale Comment A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Preflabel - Rationale + Elucidation + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief Label @@ -6171,12 +6171,8 @@

RawData¶ Annotations - Elucidation - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - - - Elucidation - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + Preflabel + RawData Comment @@ -6195,8 +6191,12 @@

RawData¶ - Preflabel - RawData + Elucidation + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + + + Elucidation + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. Example @@ -6232,14 +6232,14 @@

RawSampleAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel RawSample + + Comment + + Label RawSample @@ -6263,8 +6263,20 @@

ReferenceSampleAnnotations - Elucidation - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + Altlabel + Certified Reference Material + + + Altlabel + Reference material + + + Altlabel + ReferenceSpecimen + + + Preflabel + ReferenceSample Comment @@ -6279,21 +6291,13 @@

ReferenceSample - Altlabel - Certified Reference Material + Elucidation + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Altlabel + Vimterm Reference material - - Altlabel - ReferenceSpecimen - - - Preflabel - ReferenceSample - Definition Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) @@ -6302,10 +6306,6 @@

ReferenceSampleDefinition Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] - - Vimterm - Reference material - Label ReferenceSample @@ -6329,8 +6329,12 @@

SampleAnnotations - Elucidation - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Altlabel + Specimen + + + Preflabel + Sample Comment @@ -6349,12 +6353,8 @@

SampleSample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Altlabel - Specimen - - - Preflabel - Sample + Elucidation + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. Label @@ -6379,8 +6379,8 @@

SampleExtractionAnnotations - Elucidation - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + Preflabel + SampleExtraction Comment @@ -6399,8 +6399,8 @@

SampleExtraction - Preflabel - SampleExtraction + Elucidation + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. Label @@ -6432,14 +6432,14 @@

SampleExtractionInstrumentAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel SampleExtractionInstrument + + Comment + + Label SampleExtractionInstrument @@ -6463,8 +6463,8 @@

SampleInspectionAnnotations - Elucidation - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + Preflabel + SampleInspection Comment @@ -6475,8 +6475,8 @@

SampleInspection - Preflabel - SampleInspection + Elucidation + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. Example @@ -6520,14 +6520,14 @@

SampleInspectionInstrumentAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel SampleInspectionInstrument + + Comment + + Label SampleInspectionInstrument @@ -6551,8 +6551,8 @@

SampleInspectionParameterAnnotations - Elucidation - Parameter used for the sample inspection process + Preflabel + SampleInspectionParameter Comment @@ -6563,8 +6563,8 @@

SampleInspectionParameter - Preflabel - SampleInspectionParameter + Elucidation + Parameter used for the sample inspection process Label @@ -6589,8 +6589,8 @@

SamplePreparationAnnotations - Elucidation - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + Preflabel + SamplePreparation Comment @@ -6601,8 +6601,8 @@

SamplePreparation - Preflabel - SamplePreparation + Elucidation + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. Label @@ -6642,14 +6642,14 @@

SamplePreparationInstrumentAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel SamplePreparationInstrument + + Comment + + Label SamplePreparationInstrument @@ -6673,8 +6673,8 @@

SamplePreparationParameterAnnotations - Elucidation - Parameter used for the sample preparation process + Preflabel + SamplePreparationParameter Comment @@ -6685,8 +6685,8 @@

SamplePreparationParameter - Preflabel - SamplePreparationParameter + Elucidation + Parameter used for the sample preparation process Label @@ -6711,8 +6711,12 @@

SampledDCPolarographyAnnotations - Elucidation - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + Altlabel + TASTPolarography + + + Preflabel + SampledDCPolarography Comment @@ -6727,16 +6731,12 @@

SampledDCPolarography - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Altlabel - TASTPolarography + Elucidation + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - Preflabel - SampledDCPolarography + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -6761,8 +6761,12 @@

ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + Altlabel + AES + + + Preflabel + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy Comment @@ -6773,12 +6777,8 @@

ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Altlabel - AES - - - Preflabel - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + Elucidation + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. Label @@ -6803,8 +6803,12 @@

ScanningElectronMicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + Altlabel + SEM + + + Preflabel + ScanningElectronMicroscopy Comment @@ -6815,12 +6819,8 @@

ScanningElectronMicroscopy - Altlabel - SEM - - - Preflabel - ScanningElectronMicroscopy + Elucidation + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. Label @@ -6845,8 +6845,12 @@

ScanningKelvinProbeAnnotations - Elucidation - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + Altlabel + SKB + + + Preflabel + ScanningKelvinProbe Comment @@ -6857,12 +6861,8 @@

ScanningKelvinProbe - Altlabel - SKB - - - Preflabel - ScanningKelvinProbe + Elucidation + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. Label @@ -6887,8 +6887,8 @@

ScanningProbeMicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + Preflabel + ScanningProbeMicroscopy Comment @@ -6899,8 +6899,8 @@

ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Preflabel - ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Elucidation + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. Label @@ -6925,8 +6925,12 @@

ScanningTunnelingMicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + Altlabel + STM + + + Preflabel + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy Comment @@ -6937,12 +6941,8 @@

ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Altlabel - STM - - - Preflabel - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + Elucidation + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. Label @@ -6966,14 +6966,14 @@

ScatteringAndDiffractionAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel ScatteringAndDiffraction + + Comment + + Label ScatteringAndDiffraction @@ -6997,8 +6997,12 @@

SecondaryDataAnnotations - Elucidation - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Altlabel + Elaborated data + + + Preflabel + SecondaryData Comment @@ -7009,12 +7013,8 @@

SecondaryData - Altlabel - Elaborated data - - - Preflabel - SecondaryData + Elucidation + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. Example @@ -7047,8 +7047,12 @@

SecondaryIonMassSpectrometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + Altlabel + SIMS + + + Preflabel + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry Comment @@ -7059,12 +7063,8 @@

SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Altlabel - SIMS - - - Preflabel - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + Elucidation + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. Label @@ -7088,14 +7088,14 @@

ShearOrTorsionTesting Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel ShearOrTorsionTesting + + Comment + + Label ShearOrTorsionTesting @@ -7119,8 +7119,8 @@

SignalAnnotations - Elucidation - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Preflabel + Signal Comment @@ -7143,8 +7143,8 @@

Signal - Preflabel - Signal + Elucidation + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. Definition @@ -7173,8 +7173,8 @@

SpectrometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + Preflabel + Spectrometry Comment @@ -7185,8 +7185,8 @@

Spectrometry - Preflabel - Spectrometry + Elucidation + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. Label @@ -7211,8 +7211,8 @@

SpectroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + Preflabel + Spectroscopy Comment @@ -7223,8 +7223,8 @@

Spectroscopy - Preflabel - Spectroscopy + Elucidation + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. Label @@ -7249,8 +7249,24 @@

SquareWaveVoltammetryAnnotations - Elucidation - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + Altlabel + OSWV + + + Altlabel + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + + + Altlabel + SWV + + + Preflabel + SquareWaveVoltammetry + + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry Comment @@ -7273,33 +7289,17 @@

SquareWaveVoltammetry - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Altlabel - OSWV - - - Altlabel - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry - - - Altlabel - SWV - - - Preflabel - SquareWaveVoltammetry - - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry + Elucidation + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label SquareWaveVoltammetry @@ -7323,8 +7323,8 @@

StepChronopotentiometryAnnotations - Elucidation - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + Preflabel + StepChronopotentiometry Comment @@ -7335,8 +7335,8 @@

StepChronopotentiometry - Preflabel - StepChronopotentiometry + Elucidation + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps Label @@ -7361,8 +7361,12 @@

StrippingVoltammetryAnnotations - Elucidation - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + Preflabel + StrippingVoltammetry + + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis Comment @@ -7393,16 +7397,12 @@

StrippingVoltammetry - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Preflabel - StrippingVoltammetry + Elucidation + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -7426,14 +7426,14 @@

SynchrotronAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel Synchrotron + + Comment + + Label Synchrotron @@ -7457,8 +7457,12 @@

TensileTestingAnnotations - Elucidation - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + Altlabel + TensionTest + + + Preflabel + TensileTesting Comment @@ -7469,12 +7473,8 @@

TensileTesting - Altlabel - TensionTest - - - Preflabel - TensileTesting + Elucidation + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. Label @@ -7499,8 +7499,12 @@

ThermochemicalTestingAnnotations - Elucidation - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + Altlabel + TMA + + + Preflabel + ThermochemicalTesting Comment @@ -7511,12 +7515,8 @@

ThermochemicalTesting - Altlabel - TMA - - - Preflabel - ThermochemicalTesting + Elucidation + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. Label @@ -7541,8 +7541,12 @@

ThermogravimetryAnnotations - Elucidation - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + Altlabel + TGA + + + Preflabel + Thermogravimetry Comment @@ -7553,12 +7557,8 @@

Thermogravimetry - Altlabel - TGA - - - Preflabel - Thermogravimetry + Elucidation + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). Label @@ -7582,18 +7582,6 @@

ThreePointBendingTestingAnnotations - - Elucidation - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - - - Comment - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - - - Comment - - Altlabel ThreePointFlexuralTest @@ -7606,6 +7594,18 @@

ThreePointBendingTestingWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + + Comment + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + + + Comment + + + + Elucidation + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 @@ -7633,16 +7633,16 @@

TomographyAnnotations - Elucidation - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Preflabel + Tomography Comment Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Preflabel - Tomography + Elucidation + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. Label @@ -7667,8 +7667,12 @@

TransmissionElectronMicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + Altlabel + TEM + + + Preflabel + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy Comment @@ -7679,12 +7683,8 @@

TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Altlabel - TEM - - - Preflabel - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + Elucidation + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. Label @@ -7709,16 +7709,16 @@

UltrasonicTestingAnnotations - Elucidation - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + Preflabel + UltrasonicTesting Comment Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - Preflabel - UltrasonicTesting + Elucidation + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. Label @@ -7743,16 +7743,16 @@

UserCase Annotations - Elucidation - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + Preflabel + UserCase Comment High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - Preflabel - UserCase + Elucidation + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. Label @@ -7777,8 +7777,12 @@

VaporPressureDepressionOsmometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + Altlabel + VPO + + + Preflabel + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry Comment @@ -7789,12 +7793,8 @@

VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Altlabel - VPO - - - Preflabel - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + Elucidation + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. Label @@ -7819,8 +7819,12 @@

ViscometryAnnotations - Elucidation - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + Altlabel + Viscosity + + + Preflabel + Viscometry Comment @@ -7831,12 +7835,8 @@

Viscometry - Altlabel - Viscosity - - - Preflabel - Viscometry + Elucidation + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. Label @@ -7861,8 +7861,12 @@

VoltammetryAnnotations - Elucidation - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + Preflabel + Voltammetry + + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry Comment @@ -7877,24 +7881,20 @@

Voltammetry - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Preflabel - Voltammetry + Elucidation + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - Ievreference - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + Ievreference + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 Label @@ -7919,20 +7919,20 @@

VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrodeAnnotations - Elucidation - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + Preflabel + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode Comment Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Elucidation + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - Preflabel - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Label @@ -7957,16 +7957,16 @@

WearTestingAnnotations - Elucidation - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + Preflabel + WearTesting Comment A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - Preflabel - WearTesting + Elucidation + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. Label @@ -7990,14 +7990,6 @@

XpsVariableKineticAnnotations - - Elucidation - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - - - Comment - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - Altlabel Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) @@ -8010,6 +8002,14 @@

XpsVariableKineticPreflabel XpsVariableKinetic + + Comment + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + + + Elucidation + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + Label XpsVariableKinetic @@ -8032,18 +8032,6 @@

XrayDiffractionAnnotations - - Elucidation - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - - - Comment - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - - - Comment - - Altlabel XRD @@ -8056,6 +8044,18 @@

XrayDiffractionWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography + + Comment + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + + + Comment + + + + Elucidation + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 @@ -8082,18 +8082,6 @@

XrayPowderDiffraction Annotations - - Elucidation - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - - - Comment - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - - - Comment - - Altlabel XRPD @@ -8106,6 +8094,18 @@

XrayPowderDiffractionWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction + + Comment + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + + + Comment + + + + Elucidation + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + Label XrayPowderDiffraction @@ -8128,14 +8128,14 @@

XrdGrazingIncidenceAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel XrdGrazingIncidence + + Comment + + Label XrdGrazingIncidence @@ -8161,14 +8161,14 @@

hasAccessConditionsAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasAccessConditions + + Comment + + Label hasAccessConditions @@ -8218,10 +8218,6 @@

hasBeginCharacterisationTaskAnnotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasBeginCharacterizationTask @@ -8230,6 +8226,10 @@

hasBeginCharacterisationTaskPreflabel hasBeginCharacterisationTask + + Comment + + Label hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -8256,10 +8256,6 @@

hasCharacterisationComponentAnnotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationComponent @@ -8268,6 +8264,10 @@

hasCharacterisationComponentPreflabel hasCharacterisationComponent + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -8294,10 +8294,6 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentAnnotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationEnvironment @@ -8306,6 +8302,10 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentPreflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironment + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -8332,10 +8332,6 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentPropertyAnnotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty @@ -8344,6 +8340,10 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentPropertyPreflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -8370,10 +8370,6 @@

hasCharacterisationInputAnnotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationInput @@ -8382,6 +8378,10 @@

hasCharacterisationInputPreflabel hasCharacterisationInput + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationInput @@ -8408,10 +8408,6 @@

hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentAnnotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument @@ -8420,6 +8416,10 @@

hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentPreflabel hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -8446,10 +8446,6 @@

hasCharacterisationOutputAnnotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationOutput @@ -8458,6 +8454,10 @@

hasCharacterisationOutputPreflabel hasCharacterisationOutput + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -8484,14 +8484,14 @@

hasCharacterisationProcedureValidationAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation @@ -8518,10 +8518,6 @@

hasCharacterisationPropertyAnnotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationProperty @@ -8530,6 +8526,10 @@

hasCharacterisationPropertyPreflabel hasCharacterisationProperty + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -8556,10 +8556,6 @@

hasCharacterisationSoftwareAnnotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationSoftware @@ -8568,6 +8564,10 @@

hasCharacterisationSoftwarePreflabel hasCharacterisationSoftware + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -8594,10 +8594,6 @@

hasCharacterisationTask Annotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasCharacterizationTask @@ -8606,6 +8602,10 @@

hasCharacterisationTaskPreflabel hasCharacterisationTask + + Comment + + Label hasCharacterisationTask @@ -8632,14 +8632,14 @@

hasDataAcquisitionRate Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasDataAcquisitionRate + + Comment + + Label hasDataAcquisitionRate @@ -8666,14 +8666,14 @@

hasDataProcessingThroughCalibrationAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + + Comment + + Label hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration @@ -8700,14 +8700,14 @@

hasDataQualityAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasDataQuality + + Comment + + Label hasDataQuality @@ -8734,14 +8734,14 @@

hasDatasetAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasDataset + + Comment + + Label hasDataset @@ -8768,14 +8768,14 @@

hasDateOfCalibration Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasDateOfCalibration + + Comment + + Label hasDateOfCalibration @@ -8802,10 +8802,6 @@

hasEndCharacterisationTaskAnnotations - - Comment - - Altlabel hasEndCharacterizationTask @@ -8814,6 +8810,10 @@

hasEndCharacterisationTaskPreflabel hasEndCharacterisationTask + + Comment + + Label hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -8840,14 +8840,14 @@

hasHardwareSpecificationAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasHardwareSpecification + + Comment + + Label hasHardwareSpecification @@ -8874,14 +8874,14 @@

hasHazardAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasHazard + + Comment + + Label hasHazard @@ -8908,14 +8908,14 @@

hasHolderAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasHolder + + Comment + + Label hasHolder @@ -8942,14 +8942,14 @@

hasInstrumentForCalibrationAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasInstrumentForCalibration + + Comment + + Label hasInstrumentForCalibration @@ -8976,14 +8976,14 @@

hasInteractionVolume Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasInteractionVolume + + Comment + + Label hasInteractionVolume @@ -9010,14 +9010,14 @@

hasInteractionWithProbe Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasInteractionWithProbe + + Comment + + Label hasInteractionWithProbe @@ -9044,14 +9044,14 @@

hasInteractionWithSampleAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasInteractionWithSample + + Comment + + Label hasInteractionWithSample @@ -9078,14 +9078,14 @@

hasLab Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasLab + + Comment + + Label hasLab @@ -9112,14 +9112,14 @@

hasLevelOfAutomation Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasLevelOfAutomation + + Comment + + Label hasLevelOfAutomation @@ -9147,16 +9147,16 @@

hasManufacturerAnnotations - Elucidation - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + Preflabel + hasManufacturer Comment A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - Preflabel - hasManufacturer + Elucidation + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware Label @@ -9184,14 +9184,14 @@

hasMeasurementDetector Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasMeasurementDetector + + Comment + + Label hasMeasurementDetector @@ -9218,14 +9218,14 @@

hasMeasurementParameter Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasMeasurementParameter + + Comment + + Label hasMeasurementParameter @@ -9252,14 +9252,14 @@

hasMeasurementProbeAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasMeasurementProbe + + Comment + + Label hasMeasurementProbe @@ -9286,14 +9286,14 @@

hasMeasurementSample Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasMeasurementSample + + Comment + + Label hasMeasurementSample @@ -9320,14 +9320,14 @@

hasMeasurementTimeAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasMeasurementTime + + Comment + + Label hasMeasurementTime @@ -9355,16 +9355,16 @@

hasModel Annotations - Elucidation - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + Preflabel + hasModel Comment A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - Preflabel - hasModel + Elucidation + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware Label @@ -9392,14 +9392,14 @@

hasOperatorAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasOperator + + Comment + + Label hasOperator @@ -9426,14 +9426,14 @@

hasPeerReviewedArticle Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasPeerReviewedArticle + + Comment + + Label hasPeerReviewedArticle @@ -9460,14 +9460,14 @@

hasPhysicsOfInteraction Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasPhysicsOfInteraction + + Comment + + Label hasPhysicsOfInteraction @@ -9494,14 +9494,14 @@

hasPostProcessingModel Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasPostProcessingModel + + Comment + + Label hasPostProcessingModel @@ -9528,14 +9528,14 @@

hasProcessingReproducibilityAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasProcessingReproducibility + + Comment + + Label hasProcessingReproducibility @@ -9562,14 +9562,14 @@

hasReferenceSampleAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasReferenceSample + + Comment + + Label hasReferenceSample @@ -9597,14 +9597,14 @@

hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparationAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + + Comment + + Label hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation @@ -9635,14 +9635,14 @@

hasSampleForInspection Annotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSampleForInspection + + Comment + + Label hasSampleForInspection @@ -9669,14 +9669,14 @@

hasSampleInspectionInstrumentAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + Comment + + Label hasSampleInspectionInstrument @@ -9703,14 +9703,14 @@

hasSampleInspectionParameterAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSampleInspectionParameter + + Comment + + Label hasSampleInspectionParameter @@ -9737,14 +9737,14 @@

hasSamplePreparationInstrumentAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSamplePreparationInstrument + + Comment + + Label hasSamplePreparationInstrument @@ -9771,14 +9771,14 @@

hasSamplePreparationParameterAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSamplePreparationParameter + + Comment + + Label hasSamplePreparationParameter @@ -9805,14 +9805,14 @@

hasSampledSampleAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel hasSampledSample + + Comment + + Label hasSampledSample @@ -9840,16 +9840,16 @@

hasUniqueIDAnnotations - Elucidation - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + Preflabel + hasUniqueID Comment A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - Preflabel - hasUniqueID + Elucidation + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware Label @@ -9917,14 +9917,14 @@

requiresLevelOfExpertiseAnnotations - - Comment - - Preflabel requiresLevelOfExpertise + + Comment + + Label requiresLevelOfExpertise diff --git a/chameo.owl b/chameo.owl index 2c4333c..2cc0db4 100644 --- a/chameo.owl +++ b/chameo.owl @@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo" xmlns="https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#" - xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" xmlns:emmo="https://w3id.org/emmo#" + xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" xmlns:term="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:core="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:x_0.1="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" @@ -51,6 +51,115 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png + + + + + hasObjectiveProperty + Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. + hasObjectiveProperty + + + + + + + + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + hasMeasurementParameter + + hasMeasurementParameter + + + + + + + hasInput + The input of a process. + hasInput + The input of a process. + + + + + + isOvercrossedBy + isOvercrossedBy + + + + + + + overlaps + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + overlaps + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + + + + + + + hasPart + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + hasPart + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + + + + + + + + + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + + + + + + + + hasPostProcessingModel + + hasPostProcessingModel + + + + + + + + hasTemporaryParticipant + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + hasTemporaryParticipant + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + + @@ -62,93 +171,64 @@ Length hasUnit only LengthUnit - - - - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - hasSpatialIntegralPart - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + + + + + + hasStage + hasStage - - - - mereological - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - mereological - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + + + + + + hasHolisticTemporalPart + hasHolisticTemporalPart - - + + - - - isDirectCauseOf - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - isDirectCauseOf - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. + + hasSpatialPart + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + hasSpatialPart + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - - - - isCauseOf - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - isCauseOf - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. - The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. -While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. + + + + + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - - - - - isIndirectCauseOf - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - isIndirectCauseOf - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + + + + + + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - - - - - - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. + + + + + hasHazard + + hasHazard @@ -162,15 +242,6 @@ While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - - - - - - hasSubCollection - hasSubCollection - - @@ -183,86 +254,103 @@ While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - - - - - hasCharacterisationSoftware - - hasCharacterizationSoftware - hasCharacterisationSoftware + + + + + + + hasConnectedPortion + hasConnectedPortion - - - - - - hasTemporaryParticipant - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - hasTemporaryParticipant - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + + + + + + hasScatteredPortion + hasScatteredPortion - - - - - - hasPeerReviewedArticle - - hasPeerReviewedArticle + + + + causal + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + causal + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - - - - - - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + + + + + + EMMORelation + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + EMMORelation + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - - - + + + + + + hasCharacterisationTask + + hasCharacterizationTask + hasCharacterisationTask + + + + + + - hasOutcome - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - hasOutcome - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + hasTask + hasTask - - - - - - hasMeasurementTime - - hasMeasurementTime + + + + + + hasReferencePart + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + hasReferencePart + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - - - - - - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + + + + + + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - - - - - - hasCharacterised - hasCharacterised + + + + + + hasReferent + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + hasSemioticObject + hasReferent + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. @@ -276,361 +364,245 @@ While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - - + + + mereological + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + mereological + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + + + + + + + + hasSubProcess + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + hasSubProcess + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + + + + + + - hasSpatialPart - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - hasSpatialPart - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - + + - - - hasMeasurementProbe + + + hasHardwareSpecification - hasMeasurementProbe + hasHardwareSpecification - - + + - - - hasCharacteriser - hasCharacteriser + + + hasCharacterised + hasCharacterised - - - - - - hasDeclarer - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - hasDeclarer - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + + + + + + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - - - - - hasObjectiveProperty - Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. - hasObjectiveProperty + + + + hasSpatialSection + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + hasSpatialPartialPart + hasSpatialSection + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. +A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. - - + + - - - hasBeginCharacterisationTask + + + hasLevelOfAutomation - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - - - - - hasBeginTask - hasBeginTask + hasLevelOfAutomation - - + - - - hasAccessConditions + + + hasOperator - hasAccessConditions + hasOperator - - + - - - hasStage - hasStage - - - - - - - - hasHolisticTemporalPart - hasHolisticTemporalPart + + + hasAgent + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + hasAgent + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - - - - - - EMMORelation - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - EMMORelation - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + + + + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - + + - - hasSpatialSection - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - hasSpatialPartialPart - hasSpatialSection - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. -A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. - - - - - - - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + + isCauseOf + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + isCauseOf + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. + The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. +While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. - - + + - - - hasProcessingReproducibility + + + hasInteractionVolume - hasProcessingReproducibility - - - - - - - - hasTask - hasTask + hasInteractionVolume - - - - causal - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - causal - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - + + + + + + hasParticipant + Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. - - - - - - hasSubItem - hasSubItem +Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + hasParticipant + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - - - - - - hasComponent - hasComponent + + + + + + hasVariable + hasVariable - - - - - - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + + + + + + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - + + - - - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - - - - - - - hasPart - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - hasPart - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + + + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". - - - - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + + + + + hasProductOutput + hasProductOutput - + + - + - hasMeasurementDetector + hasInstrumentForCalibration - hasMeasurementDetector + hasInstrumentForCalibration - + - + - hasDataQuality + hasProcessingReproducibility - hasDataQuality + hasProcessingReproducibility - - - - - - hasMetricPrefix - Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. - hasMetricPrefix + + + + + + hasAccessConditions + + hasAccessConditions - - - - - - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - - - - - - - - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - - - - - - - - - - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - - - - - - - - - hasRedundantPart - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - hasRedundantPart - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - - - - - - hasTemporalPart - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - hasTemporalPart - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - - - - - - - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - - - - - - - - hasReferent - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - hasSemioticObject - hasReferent - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - - - - - - - - hasHardwareSpecification - - hasHardwareSpecification + + + + + + hasReferenceSample + + hasReferenceSample @@ -644,347 +616,347 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - + - - - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + + + isDirectCauseOf + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + isDirectCauseOf + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. - + - - - - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + + isIndirectCauseOf + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + isIndirectCauseOf + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - - + - - overlaps - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - overlaps - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + + + + hasFractionalCollection + hasFractionalCollection - - - - - - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - hasSampleForPreparation - - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + + + + + + hasSubCollection + hasSubCollection - - - - - requiresLevelOfExpertise - - requiresLevelOfExpertise + + + + hasNonMaximalPart + hasNonMaximalPart - - - - - - hasHolder - - hasHolder + + + + + + hasDatum + Relates a dataset to its datum. + hasDatum + Relates a dataset to its datum. - - + - - - hasInteractionWithSample + + + hasDataset - hasInteractionWithSample + hasDataset - - - - - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - hasSpatioTemporalPart - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + + + + + + hasMetricPrefix + Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. + hasMetricPrefix - + + + - - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + + + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + hasSpatiialnteractionWith + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. - + + + - - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + + + isSpatiallyRelatedWith + isSpatiallyRelatedWith - - - - - hasInput - The input of a process. - hasInput - The input of a process. + + + + + + hasDataAcquisitionRate + + hasDataAcquisitionRate - - - - - - hasIcon - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - hasIcon - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + + + + + + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - - - - - - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - + + + + hasTemporalPart + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - - - - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + hasTemporalPart + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - + - - - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + hasMeasurementProbe - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + hasMeasurementProbe - - - - - - hasCharacterisationTask - - hasCharacterizationTask - hasCharacterisationTask + + + + + + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - - - - isOvercrossedBy - isOvercrossedBy + + + + + + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - - - - isPartOf - isPartOf + + + + + + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. - + + - - - - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + + + + hasRedundantPart + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + hasRedundantPart + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - - + - + - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + hasMeasurementDetector - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + hasMeasurementDetector - - + + + + + + + + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + + + + - - - hasPhysicsOfInteraction + + + hasEndCharacterisationTask - hasPhysicsOfInteraction + hasEndCharacterizationTask + hasEndCharacterisationTask - - - - hasModel - hasModel + + + + hasEndTask + hasEndTask - - - - - - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + + + + + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - + + + - - - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. + + + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + alongsideOf + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - + + + - - - - - hasConnectedPortion - hasConnectedPortion + + + notOverlaps + notOverlaps - - - - - hasHazard - - hasHazard + + + + + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - - - - isGatheredPartOf - isGatheredPartOf - - - - - - - - - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - hasSpatiialnteractionWith - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. - - - + + - + - hasConventionalProperty - An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. - -The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - hasConventionalProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - - - - - + + + + + hasResourceIdentifier + Relates a resource to its identifier. + hasResourceIdentifier + Relates a resource to its identifier. - - - - - - hasSamplePreparationInstrument - - hasSamplePreparationInstrument + + + + + + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - + - + - hasLevelOfAutomation + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - hasLevelOfAutomation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation @@ -1006,83 +978,95 @@ In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - - - - - - hasEndCharacterisationTask - - hasEndCharacterizationTask - hasEndCharacterisationTask + + + + isGatheredPartOf + isGatheredPartOf - - - - hasEndTask - hasEndTask + + + + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - - + - - - hasDataAcquisitionRate - - hasDataAcquisitionRate - - - - - - - - hasVariable - hasVariable + + - - + + - + - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + hasIcon + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + hasIcon + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - - - - - - hasReferencePart - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasReferencePart - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + + + + + + hasSubItem + hasSubItem - - + + - - - hasCharacterisationProperty + + + hasCharacterisationOutput - hasCharacterizationProperty - hasCharacterisationProperty + hasCharacterizationOutput + hasCharacterisationOutput - + + + + + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + A temporal part that is a collection. + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + A temporal part that is a collection. + + + + + + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + + + + - - hasCharacterisationComponent + + + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - hasCharacterizationComponent - hasCharacterisationComponent + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + + + + + + + + hasMaximalCollection + hasMaximalCollection @@ -1093,6 +1077,23 @@ In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping hasMaximalPart + + + + isPortionPartOf + isPortionPartOf + + + + + + + + hasSampledSample + + hasSampledSample + + @@ -1103,108 +1104,61 @@ In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping hasSamplePreparationParameter - + + - - - hasLab + + + hasCharacterisationProperty - hasLab + hasCharacterizationProperty + hasCharacterisationProperty - - - - - - - notOverlaps - notOverlaps - - - - - - - - hasSubProcess - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - hasSubProcess - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - - - - - + - - - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - alongsideOf - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - - - - - - - - hasManufacturedOutput - hasManufacturedOutput - - - - - - - hasProductOutput - hasProductOutput + + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + hasSpatialIntegralPart + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - - - - - - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + + + + + + hasSampleForInspection + + hasSampleForInspection - - - - - - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". + + + + hasModel + hasModel - - - - - - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + + + + + hasOutcome + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + hasOutcome + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - - - - - - hasCharacterisationEnvironment - - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - hasCharacterisationEnvironment + + + + isPartOf + isPartOf @@ -1220,48 +1174,87 @@ In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). - - + + + + + + hasPeerReviewedArticle + + hasPeerReviewedArticle + + + + - hasInstrumentForCalibration + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - hasInstrumentForCalibration + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - - + + - - - hasInteractionVolume + + + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + hasSampleForPreparation - hasInteractionVolume + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - - - - - - hasParticipant - Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. + + + + + + hasDeclarer + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + hasDeclarer + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + -Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - hasParticipant - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + + + + + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. - - - + - - - isSpatiallyRelatedWith - isSpatiallyRelatedWith + + + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + hasSpatioTemporalPart + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + + + + + + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + + + + + + + + hasPhysicsOfInteraction + + hasPhysicsOfInteraction @@ -1278,193 +1271,104 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - - - - - - hasCharacterisationOutput - - hasCharacterizationOutput - hasCharacterisationOutput + + + + + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - - + + - - - hasInteractionWithProbe - - hasInteractionWithProbe + - - - - - - hasFractionalMember - hasFractionalMember + + + + + + hasSamplePreparationInstrument + + hasSamplePreparationInstrument - - - - hasNonMaximalPart - hasNonMaximalPart - - - - + + - + - hasStatus - hasStatus - - - - - - - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - A temporal part that is a collection. - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - A temporal part that is a collection. - - - - - - - - hasScatteredPortion - hasScatteredPortion - - - - - - - - hasReferenceSample - - hasReferenceSample - - - - - - + hasBehaviour + hasBehaviour - - + + - - - hasSampleInspectionParameter + + + hasBeginCharacterisationTask - hasSampleInspectionParameter - - - - - - - hasAgent - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - hasAgent - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - - - - - hasSubObject - hasSubObject + + + + hasBeginTask + hasBeginTask - + + - - - hasDataset + + + hasMeasurementTime - hasDataset - - - - - - - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - - - - - - - - hasDatum - Relates a dataset to its datum. - hasDatum - Relates a dataset to its datum. + hasMeasurementTime - - + + - - hasSampledSample + + hasMeasurementSample - hasSampledSample + hasMeasurementSample - + - - isPortionPartOf - isPortionPartOf - - - - - - - - hasCollaborationWith - hasCollaborationWith + + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. - - - - - - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + + + + + requiresLevelOfExpertise + + requiresLevelOfExpertise - - - - - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + + + + + + hasManufacturedOutput + hasManufacturedOutput @@ -1478,173 +1382,250 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat hasCharacterisationInput - - - - - - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - - - - + + - + - hasPostProcessingModel + hasInteractionWithSample - hasPostProcessingModel - - - - - - - - hasBehaviour - hasBehaviour - - - - - - - - hasConstitutiveProcess - hasConstitutiveProcess + hasInteractionWithSample - + - + - hasFractionalCollection - hasFractionalCollection + hasFractionalMember + hasFractionalMember - - - - - - hasMeasurementParameter - - hasMeasurementParameter + + + + + + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - + - - - hasOperator + + hasCharacterisationComponent - hasOperator + hasCharacterizationComponent + hasCharacterisationComponent - - + + + + + + hasComponent + hasComponent + + + + hasServiceOutput hasServiceOutput - - - - - - hasMaximalCollection - hasMaximalCollection + + + + + + hasSubObject + hasSubObject - - + + + + + + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + + + + + + + + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + + + + + + + hasConventionalProperty + An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. + +The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + hasConventionalProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. + + + + - - - hasMeasurementSample + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironment - hasMeasurementSample + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + hasCharacterisationEnvironment - - + + + + + + hasStatus + hasStatus + + + + - + - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + hasDataQuality - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + hasDataQuality - + + + + + + hasInteractionWithProbe + + hasInteractionWithProbe + + + + + + hasSampleInspectionParameter + + hasSampleInspectionParameter + + + + + + - hasSampleInspectionInstrument + hasHolder - hasSampleInspectionInstrument + hasHolder - - - - - hasResourceIdentifier - Relates a resource to its identifier. - hasResourceIdentifier - Relates a resource to its identifier. + + + + + + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - - - - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. + + + + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - + + + + + + hasCollaborationWith + hasCollaborationWith + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + hasCharacteriser + hasCharacteriser + + + + + - hasSampleForInspection + hasCharacterisationSoftware - hasSampleForInspection + hasCharacterizationSoftware + hasCharacterisationSoftware - - - - hasURNValue - hasURNValue - + + + + + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + - - - - - hasURIValue - hasURIValue - + + + + + + hasConstitutiveProcess + hasConstitutiveProcess + - - + - - - hasModel - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - hasModel - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - + + + hasLab + + hasLab + @@ -1655,27 +1636,27 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. - - - - - - hasNumericalValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. - hasNumericalValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + + + + + + hasManufacturer + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + hasManufacturer + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - + - - - + + + - hasStringValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. - hasStringValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. + hasSymbolValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. + hasSymbolValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. @@ -1690,27 +1671,23 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). - - - - - - hasManufacturer - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - hasManufacturer - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - - - + - + - - hasSymbolValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. - hasSymbolValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. + hasNumericalValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + hasNumericalValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + + + + + + + hasURIValue + hasURIValue @@ -1720,6 +1697,36 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat hasURLValue + + + + hasURNValue + hasURNValue + + + + + + + + hasUniqueID + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + hasUniqueID + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + + + + + + + + + hasStringValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. + hasStringValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. + + @@ -1730,15 +1737,15 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat hasDateOfCalibration - + - hasUniqueID - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - hasUniqueID - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + hasModel + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + hasModel + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -1749,9 +1756,25 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat - + - + + elucidation + An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. + Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. + elucidation + Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. + An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. + + + + + + wikidataReference + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. + https://www.wikidata.org/ + wikidataReference + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. @@ -1759,60 +1782,35 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat - + - conceptualisation - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - conceptualisation - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). + comment + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. + A text that add some information about the entity. + comment + A text that add some information about the entity. + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - - - - ISO80000Reference - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en - ISO80000Reference - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) + + - + - - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - - - - example - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - example - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + + - + - - - - comment - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - A text that add some information about the entity. - comment - A text that add some information about the entity. - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. + + @@ -1826,37 +1824,6 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. - - - - - - ucumCode - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - https://ucum.org/ - ucumCode - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - - - - - - metrologicalReference - metrologicalReference - - - - - - wikidataReference - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - https://www.wikidata.org/ - wikidataReference - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - - @@ -1869,24 +1836,25 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - - + + + + metrologicalReference + metrologicalReference - + - - elucidation - An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. - Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. - elucidation - Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. - An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. + - + - + + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. @@ -1901,14 +1869,19 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. - + + - - - iupacReference - DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - https://goldbook.iupac.org/ - iupacReference + + + uneceCommonCode + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + uneceCommonCode + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + + + + @@ -1921,48 +1894,63 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - - - - - dbpediaReference - URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ - dbpediaReference - URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. + + - + - contact - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. - contact - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. + example + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + example + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - - + + + + ISO9000Reference + ISO9000Reference - - + + + + ISO80000Reference + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en + ISO80000Reference + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) - + - - + + - + + + + + + + ucumCode + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + https://ucum.org/ + ucumCode + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + + @@ -1973,14 +1961,6 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - - - - - - - - @@ -1992,41 +1972,77 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. - + + + + + dbpediaReference + URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. + https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ + dbpediaReference + URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. + + + - - - - ISO14040Reference - ISO14040Reference + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - ISO9000Reference - ISO9000Reference + + + - - + - - - uneceCommonCode - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. - uneceCommonCode - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + + + iupacReference + DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC + https://goldbook.iupac.org/ + iupacReference - - + + + + conceptualisation + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + conceptualisation + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). + + + + + + contact + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. + contact + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. @@ -2040,6 +2056,21 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + + + + + + + + + + + + ISO14040Reference + ISO14040Reference + + @@ -2050,106 +2081,220 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - InverseSquareMassUnit - InverseSquareMassUnit + + + + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + VolumicElectromagneticEnergy + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 + 6-33 + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - + - - SIDimensionalUnit - Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). - In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). - -In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, - - dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η - -where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. --- SI brouchure - -The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: - -^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + + + ISQDerivedQuantity + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQDerivedQuantity + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + -Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + + + + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + -- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" -- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" -- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - SIDimensionalUnit - Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). - In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). + + + + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. -In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + PhysicalProperty + QuantitativeProperty + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + -where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. --- SI brouchure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + -The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson + -^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalBoson + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + FundamentalBoson + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons + -Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + -- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" -- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" -- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + + + + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + + + + + + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + + + + + + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + + + + + + + + + + + + + DecayConstant + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + DisintegrationConstant + DecayConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 + 10-24 + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 @@ -2161,647 +2306,372 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. - + - - ISO80000Categorised - ISO80000Categorised + + + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + 5-35 - + - - - ElectronAffinity - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - ElectronAffinity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 - 12-25 - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - + - - - - - - - - - Energy - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. - Energy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy - 5-20-1 - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - + + RatioQuantity + Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). - - - - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. +Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + RatioQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant - + - - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + NMR + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - + - Microscopy - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Spectroscopy + + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - - - - ResonanceEscapeProbability - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 - 10-68 - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + + + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - + - - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 - + + SIDimensionalUnit + Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). + In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalStructure - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - CausalObject - CausalStructure - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - +In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, - - - - - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 - 10-70 - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - + dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η - - - - - - - - - - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - +where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. +-- SI brouchure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WeakBoson - WeakBoson +The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + +^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + +Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + +- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" +- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" +- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + SIDimensionalUnit + Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). + In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). + +In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, + + dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η + +where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. +-- SI brouchure + +The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + +^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + +Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + +- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" +- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" +- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - + - + - - ThermalConductance - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - ThermalConductance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 - 5-13 - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 - - - - - - - ISQDerivedQuantity - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQDerivedQuantity - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + + MolarConductivity + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + MolarConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 + 9-45 + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 - + - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - ChemicalElement - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - + - - ReactionSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - ReactionSintering + + + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Artifact + Engineered + TangibleProduct + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Car, tire, composite material. - + - - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering - Sintern - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - - - - - - - - - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - LorenzNumberUnit - LorenzNumberUnit - - - - - + - - + + - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon - - - - - - - - - - - - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Step - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - Step - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - Job - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + Product + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Output + Product + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + + + Object + A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). +However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. +In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. +To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Continuant + Endurant + Object + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - + + - + - + - ElementaryParticle - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - SingleParticleChain - ElementaryParticle - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + StandardModelParticle + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + ElementaryParticle + StandardModelParticle + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. + This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). +In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). - - - - - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricConductanceUnit - ElectricConductanceUnit + + + Quantum + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + Quantum + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. +However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - - - - - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. -The Schrödinger equation. -The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + ReactionSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + ReactionSintering - - - - Command - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. - Command - From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. + + + + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering + Sintern + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + + + + + + + + + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - - - - - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Matter - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - PhysicalSubstance - Matter - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. - - - + - + - QualityFactor - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 - 10-82 - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 + 9-35.1 - + - - + + - - MagneticFieldStrength - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagnetizingFieldStrength - MagneticFieldStrength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 - 6-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - - - - - - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThermodynamicTemperature - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - ThermodynamicTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature - 5-1 - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - - - - - StaticFrictionCoefficient - CoefficientOfStaticFriction - StaticFrictionFactor - StaticFrictionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 - 4-23.1 + + + + HardeningByForming + Verfestigen durch Umformen + HardeningByForming - - - - - CoefficientOfFriction - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - FrictionCoefficient - FrictionFactor - CoefficientOfFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 + + + + + MaterialTreatment + esce workpiece + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + DIN 8580:2020 + Stoffeigenschaft ändern + WorkPieceTreatment + MaterialTreatment + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + Has shaped bodies as input and output. - - - - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + + + + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - + FractionUnit Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this @@ -2813,762 +2683,717 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - - - DimensionlessUnit - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - DimensionlessUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - Refractive index -Plane angle -Number of apples + + + + SpecificEnthalpy + Enthalpy per unit mass. + SpecificEnthalpy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 + 5-21.3 + Enthalpy per unit mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy - + - + - - ElectricFluxDensity - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - ElectricDisplacement - ElectricFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 - 6-12 - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - - - - - Person - Person + + + SpecificEnergy + Energy per unit mass + SpecificEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy + 5-21.1 + Energy per unit mass + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy - - - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino + + + + + HoleDensity + Number of holes in valence band per volume. + HoleDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 + 12-29.2 + Number of holes in valence band per volume. - + - - - VolumeFraction - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - VolumeFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction - 9-14 - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. - + - - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Temperature -Density -Pressure -ChemicalPotential + + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - - - - RatioQuantity - Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + + + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. + Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance + MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). + -Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 - RatioQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - refractive index, -volume fraction, -fine structure constant + + + + TransformationLanguage + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + TransformationLanguage + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Manufacturing - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - Manufacturing - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren + + + + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages - - - - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - ProductionEngineeringProcess - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + + + + Porosity + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + Porosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 - - - - - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + + + + + CarrierLifetime + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + CarrierLifetime + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 + 12-32.2 + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - - - - - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. - The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. + + + + TimeConstant + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + TimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 + 3-15 + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - - - - Mathematical - A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - Mathematical - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + + + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) - - - - Symbol - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - AlphabeticEntity - Symbol - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). + + + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + -Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. -(Wikipedia) - The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. + + + + + EquilibriumConstant + The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis + EquilibriumConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 - - - - - - - - - - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - Project - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + + + Person + Person - - - Process - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). - -For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. - Occurrent - Perdurant - Process - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - - - - - - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuarkType + DownAntiQuarkType - - - - - + + + + + + - + + + + + + + - - - - - Property - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - Property - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - Hardness is a subclass of properties. -Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. - The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + + + + CharmAntiQuark + CharmAntiQuark - + - + + - - + + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricCurrentDensity - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - AreicElectricCurrent - CurrentDensity - ElectricCurrentDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 - 6-8 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - + - - - - - - - - StructureFactor - Mathematical description in crystallography. - StructureFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 - 12-5.4 - Mathematical description in crystallography. + + + IsothermalCompressibility + IsothermalCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 + 5-5.1 - + - + - - MolarConductivity - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - MolarConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 - 9-45 - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 - - - - - - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + + Compressibility + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + Compressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 + 4-20 + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperatureUnit - TemperatureUnit + + + + + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - + - - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - + - - - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - + - - + - - T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - MagneticFluxDensityUnit + + + + ParticleCurrentDensity + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + ParticleCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 + 10-48 + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - + + + + + CoherenceLength + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + CoherenceLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 + 12-38.2 + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + + + - + - - - ElectricCharge - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - Charge - ElectricCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 - 6-2 - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - - - - - - - Extensive - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Extensive - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Mass -Volume -Entropy + + Length + Extend of a spatial dimension. + Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. + Length + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length + 3-1.1 + Extend of a spatial dimension. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - + + + + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + DSC + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + + + + + + ThermochemicalTesting + + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + TMA + ThermochemicalTesting + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + + - - - MolarEnthalpy - MolarEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 - Enthalpy per amount of substance. - 9-6.2 + + CentreOfMass + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + CentreOfMass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass - + - + + - MolarEnergy - Energy per amount of substance. - MolarEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 - Energy per amount of substance. + PositionVector + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + Position + PositionVector + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - + - - - - - - - - - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - GasMixture - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson - - - - - MassFractionOfDryMatter - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 - 5-32 - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + + + + ChargeDistribution + + ChargeDistribution - + + + + CharacterisationTechnique + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + Characterisation procedure + Characterisation technique + CharacterisationTechnique + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + + - - - MassFraction - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction - 9-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + + + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 + 5-29 + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - + - - - - - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + + SpinQuantumNumber + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + SpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 + 10-13.5 + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - - - - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + + + + + QuantumNumber + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + QuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 + 10-13.1 + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - HolisticPart - Part - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + + + EnergyFluence + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + EnergyFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 + 10-46 + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Signal - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). -My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + + + + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - - - CausalConvexSystem - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - CausalConvexSystem - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - - - - - LeftHandedParticle - LeftHandedParticle - - - - - - Procedure - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - Elaboration - Work - Procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). -The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. -The execution of an algorithm. - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + + + + Spectrometry + + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + Spectrometry + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - - - - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 - 12-35.3 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + + + + Electrogravimetry + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Electrogravimetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry - - - - CriticalTemperature - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - CriticalTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + + + + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - - - + + + + - - + + T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - Power - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - Power - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power - 4-27 - 6-45 - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 + + MassPerElectricChargeUnit + MassPerElectricChargeUnit - - - - Duration - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - Duration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 - 3-9 - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + + + + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - + + + + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + + + - - - - - - - - Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". - Time - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - 3-7 - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 + + + ThermalUtilizationFactor + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 + 10-76 + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - - - - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. - It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid - Object that is processed with a machine - Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - They are not powders or threads - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - fili e polveri non sono compresi - it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. - it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape - powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them - Werkstück - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + + + + + + BeginTile + BeginTile - - + + + - - - - + + + + + - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - EngineeredMaterial - ProcessedMaterial - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + + + + + + + + + + + SpatioTemporalTile + https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a + WellFormedTile + SpatioTemporalTile - - - - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + + + + + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + DIN 8580:2020 + Umformen + Forming + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + Werkstücke + DiscreteManufacturing + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + + + + + + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + + + + + GluonType8 + GluonType8 + + + + + + Broadcast + Broadcast + + + + - - + + - - DataProcessing - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - DataProcessing - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + + + + + + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + + + + + ContinuumSubstance + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + ContinuumSubstance + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + +A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. @@ -3584,27 +3409,142 @@ The execution of an algorithm. ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - - + + + + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + Phase + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Coded + A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. +A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. +A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + +For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. +An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) +Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. +This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. + Coded + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. + The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. + + + + + + KineticEnergy + The energy of an object due to its motion. + KineticEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy + 4-28.2 + The energy of an object due to its motion. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + + + + + + + + + + + Energy + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. + Energy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy + 5-20-1 + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + + + + + + Electroplating + Electroplating + + + + + + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + DIN 8580:2020 + Beschichten + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + + + + + - - AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - 10-1.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + NucleonNumber + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + MassNumber + NucleonNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number + 10-1.3 + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 @@ -3625,1944 +3565,1796 @@ i, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - - - - - - - 1 - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - Integer - An integer number. - Integer - An integer number. + + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - + + + + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. +This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. + The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. + MereologicalState + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. + +If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. + + + - + - - Force - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - Force - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force - 4-9.1 - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - Real - A real number. - Real - A real number. + LuminousFlux + Perceived power of light. + LuminousFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux + 7-13 + Perceived power of light. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - - - - - Number - A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). - A numerical data value. - In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. -More than one numeral stands for the same number. -In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). -Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). -The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. -For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. - Numeral - Number - A numerical data value. + + + + FormingBlasting + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + Umformstrahlen + FormingBlasting - - - - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - BinaryData - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + + + + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + EIS + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - DiscreteData - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - DiscreteData - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + + + + Impedimetry + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + Impedimetry + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - + + + Process + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). - - - - - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. +For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. + Occurrent + Perdurant + Process + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - - - - Foam - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - Foam - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + + + + + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. - - - - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + + + + + + + + + + + ExposureRate + Time derivative of exposure. + ExposureRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 + 10-89 + Time derivative of exposure. - - - - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - - ThermochemicalTesting - - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - TMA - ThermochemicalTesting - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + + + RadiantFlux + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - + - - KineticEnergy - The energy of an object due to its motion. - KineticEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy - 4-28.2 - The energy of an object due to its motion. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + + + + + + + + + + Power + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + Power + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power + 4-27 + 6-45 + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - - - + + + - - + + - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - Lifetime - Maximal - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. - -On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. - -Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - NonMaximal - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. - -If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. - - - - - BlueUpAntiQuark - BlueUpAntiQuark + MathematicalSymbol + MathematicalSymbol - + - - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language + + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Code + SoftwareCode + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. - - - - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + + + + NonActivePower + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + NonActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 + 6-61 + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - + - + + + RelativeMassExcess + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 + 10-22.1 + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + + + + + + - - + + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - AvogadroConstant - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - AvogadroConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + + + + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + ContinuumManufacturing + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - - + + - - + + - - - LorenzCoefficient - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - LorenzNumber - LorenzCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 - 12-18 - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - - - - - - - 1 + + - - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier - - - - - - - - - - + + - - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - - - - - - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + + Manufacturing + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + Manufacturing + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren - + - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentUnit - ElectricCurrentUnit - - - - - - Milling - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - Fräsen - Milling + MassAreaUnit + MassAreaUnit - - - - Machining - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece - Machining - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + + + + + StandardAmountConcentration + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + StandardConcentration + StandardMolarConcentration + StandardAmountConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + 9-12.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 - + - + - - ExtentOfReaction - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - ExtentOfReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 - 9-31 - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 + + + AmountConcentration + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + AmountConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - - - - - - - 2 - - - Collection - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - Collection - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. + + + + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + TEM + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - - - - MolecularPartitionFunction - Partition function of a molecule. - MolecularPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 - 9-35.4 - Partition function of a molecule. + + + + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - - - TauAntiNeutrino - TauAntiNeutrino + + + + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - - + + - - + + - - - DecayConstant - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - DisintegrationConstant - DecayConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 - 10-24 - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 - - - - - - ElectricCurrentPhasor - ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 - 6-49 - - - - - - + + - - - ElectricCurrent - A flow of electric charge. - ElectricCurrent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent - 6-1 - A flow of electric charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - - - - - - - - - - + + - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - base unit - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - MassPerAmountUnit - MassPerAmountUnit - - - - - - - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 - 9-36.1 - - - - - - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - - - - - - + + - - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - - - - - - - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - - - - - - MagneticPolarisation - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - MagneticPolarisation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 - 6-29 - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - - - - - - + + - - - MagneticFluxDensity - Often denoted B. - Strength of the magnetic field. - MagneticInduction - MagneticFluxDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 - 6-21 - Strength of the magnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - + + + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. - - - - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. - - - - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + Measurement - - - - + + + - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - PermeabilityUnit - PermeabilityUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Measurement + A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + Measurement + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + measurement - - - - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + + + CharacterisationProcedure + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + CharacterisationProcedure + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + Sample preparation +Sample inspection +Calibration +Microscopy +Viscometry +Data sampling + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - - - - Porosimetry - - Porosimetry + + + RedCharmAntiQuark + RedCharmAntiQuark - + - - - CarrierLifetime - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - CarrierLifetime - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 - 12-32.2 - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + + MagneticQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + MagneticQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 + 10-13.4 + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - + - - TimeConstant - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - TimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 - 3-15 - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 + 10-13.3 + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StrangeQuark + StrangeQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark + + + - + - - ElectricResistance - Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - Resistance - ElectricResistance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 - 6-46 - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 + + TotalLinearStoppingPower + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + LinearStoppingPower + TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 + 10-54 + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 - - - - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + + + + + + + T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MechanicalMobilityUnit + MechanicalMobilityUnit - + + + + + + + T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + + + - - FermiEnergy - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - FermiEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 - 12-27.1 - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 + + HartreeEnergy + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + HartreeEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree + 10-8 + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 - + + + + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + + + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + + + + + + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + Equipment + Machine + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + + + - + - ParticleCurrentDensity - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - ParticleCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 - 10-48 - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + MassAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 + 10-50 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - + - - ElectricImpedance - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - Impedance - ElectricImpedance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 - 6-51.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance + + + Wavenumber + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + Repetency + Wavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + 3-20 + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + + + + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - + - + - - - Permittivity - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity - 6-14.1 - 6-14.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + ReciprocalLength + The inverse of length. + InverseLength + ReciprocalLength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - - - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + + + + + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngluarRepetency + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 + 12-9.3 + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + + + + + AngularWaveNumber + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + AngularRepetency + AngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 + 12-9.1 + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - + - - - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 - 10-32 - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + ShearStrain + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + ShearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 + 4-17.3 + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 - + - - CompressiveForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - lasciano tensioni residue di compressione - Druckumformen - CompressiveForming + + Soldering + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + Löten + Soldering - + - - - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + + JoinManufacturing + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. DIN 8580:2020 - Umformen - Forming - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + Fügen + JoinManufacturing + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - - - - FormingFromPulp - FormingFromPulp + + + + JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - - - - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - da una forma non propria ad una forma propria - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - Powder: -particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size + + + + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - - - - Folding - Folding + + + + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + An operating system. A graphic driver. - - - - FormingJoin - FormingJoin + + + + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - - - SparkErosion - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - elektrochemisches Abtragen - SparkErosion + + + + + + + + + + + + RelativePressureCoefficient + RelativePressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 + 5-3.3 - - - - Ablation - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - Abtragen - Ablation + + + + + + + + + + + PressureCoefficient + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + PressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 + 5-4 + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - - - - ThreePointBendingTesting - - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - ThreePointFlexuralTest - ThreePointBendingTesting - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + + + + LightAndRadiationQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + LightAndRadiationQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - - - - MechanicalTesting - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - MechanicalTesting - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + + + + ISO80000Categorised + ISO80000Categorised - - - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + + + Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + Concentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 - - - MesoscopicSubstance - MesoscopicSubstance + + + + + + Guess + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + Guess + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - - - - HPPC - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - HPPC - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + + + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. + +This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. + +A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. + +e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The beauty of that girl. +The style of your clothing. - - - - Chronopotentiometry - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Chronopotentiometry - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. + +It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. + +In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - - - - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + + + Estimated + Estimated + The biography of a person that the author have not met. - - - - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + + + + Java + Java - - - - Sample - - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Specimen - Sample - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + + + + CompiledLanguage + CompiledLanguage - + - - Diameter - The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - Diameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter - 3-1.5 - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter + + + RelativePermittivity + Permittivity divided by electric constant. + RelativePermittivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 + 6-15 + Permittivity divided by electric constant. - - - - - - - - - - - Length - Extend of a spatial dimension. - Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. - Length - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length - 3-1.1 - Extend of a spatial dimension. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - - - + - - BPMNDiagram - BPMNDiagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. -For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - Model - Simulacrum - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. - An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - - - - - - - NuclearRadius - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - NuclearRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 - 10-19.1 - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - - - - - - Radius - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - Radius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius - 3-1.6 - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius + + + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + EBSD + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RedQuark - RedQuark + + + + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + SEM + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + + + + ScatteringAndDiffraction + + ScatteringAndDiffraction - + - - - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 - 5-17.1 - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - A random generated id for a product. + + AbsorbedDoseUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit - + - + - - Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - Illuminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 - - - - - - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - AES - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - - - - - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. - - - - - - DonorDensity - Number of donor levels per volume. - DonorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 - 12-29.4 - Number of donor levels per volume. + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 + 12-2.2 + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - + - + - - ReciprocalVolume - ReciprocalVolume + + StructureFactor + Mathematical description in crystallography. + StructureFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 + 12-5.4 + Mathematical description in crystallography. - - - - - WaveVector - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - WaveVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 - 3-21 - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector + + + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson - + - - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - + + + RestEnergy + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - - - - - - - - - - ReciprocalLength - The inverse of length. - InverseLength - ReciprocalLength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength - The inverse of length. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + RestEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 + 10-3 + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy - + - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaPerTimeUnit - AreaPerTimeUnit + CapacitanceUnit + CapacitanceUnit - + - - - - - - - - - - SpecificEnergy - Energy per unit mass - SpecificEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy - 5-21.1 - Energy per unit mass - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy + + + FermiEnergy + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + FermiEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 + 12-27.1 + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - - - - MercuryPorosimetry - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - MercuryPorosimetry - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + + + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + A unique id attached to an entity. - - - - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + + + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - + + + + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + Rain, spray. + + + + + + Interpretant + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + Interpretant + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + + + - ResourceIdentifier - - ResourceIdentifier + + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - + - - + - - T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ForcePerLengthUnit - ForcePerLengthUnit + + + AngularAcceleration + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + AngularAcceleration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration + 3-13 + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration - + - - - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 - 5-29 - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + + + ElectrolyticConductivity + ElectrolyticConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 + 9-44 - + - - - SuperconductorEnergyGap - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 - 12-37 - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + + + + + + + + + + ElectricConductivity + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + Conductivity + ElectricConductivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 + 6-43 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - - - - - GapEnergy - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - BandgapEnergy - GapEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 - 12-27.2 - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 + + + + Welding + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + Schweißen + Welding - - - - - LarmonAngularFrequency - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - LarmonAngularFrequency - 10-15.1 - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Gluon + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + Gluon + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon - - - - AngularFrequency - Rate of change of the phase angle. - AngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency - 3-18 - Rate of change of the phase angle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 + + + + + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - + - - SystemUnit - SystemUnit + + Mathematical + A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + Mathematical + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - - + + + + + + + + + + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino + + + + + LeftHandedParticle + LeftHandedParticle + + + + - + - + - - MeasurementUnit - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - MeasurementUnit - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - kg -m/s -km - measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." - -"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." - -https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. - Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - - - RedUpAntiQuark - RedUpAntiQuark + + + + Thermogravimetry + + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + TGA + Thermogravimetry + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - - - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + + + + + + + + + Whole + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + Whole + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - - - GreenBottomAntiQuark - GreenBottomAntiQuark - + + + + + + + + + + + + Holistic + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - - - - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - C++ - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - - - - CompiledLanguage - CompiledLanguage - +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + Wholistic + Holistic + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - - - - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - SEM - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - - - - - DebyeTemperature - DebyeTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 - 12-11 +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. + A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. - - - MultiParticlePath - MultiParticlePath + + + + + CurieTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + CurieTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 + 12-35.1 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - - - - Pressing - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - Anpressen - Pressing + + + + CriticalTemperature + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + CriticalTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - - - - JoinManufacturing - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - DIN 8580:2020 - Fügen - JoinManufacturing - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 1 + + + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondGenerationFermion - SecondGenerationFermion + + + + + Gyroradius + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + LarmorRadius + Gyroradius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 + 10-17 + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - + - - - - - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PerTimeMassUnit - PerTimeMassUnit + + Radius + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + Radius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius + 3-1.6 + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius - - + + - - + + - - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - - - - - - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + + + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 + 10-40 + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - - + + + + + + + 1 + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - - - - - RightHandedParticle - RightHandedParticle - - - - - - - ReactionEnergy - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - ReactionEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 - 10-37.1 - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - - - - - - - NucleonNumber - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - MassNumber - NucleonNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number - 10-1.3 - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 - - - - - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - VolumeUnit - VolumeUnit - - - - - - - + + - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 -emmo -!5*a -cat -for(i=0;i<N;++i) - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. -For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). - - - - - - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - TEM - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - - - - - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - + Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. -Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). -A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - EncodedVariation - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + Measurand + Quantity + https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + length +Rockwell C hardness +electric resistance + measurand + quantity + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". -Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). -Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. -Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. -Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). - A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - - - - + + + - - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - - - - - - - DisplacementVector - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - DisplacementVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 - 12-7.3 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + + Property + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + Property + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + Hardness is a subclass of properties. +Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. + The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - + - - Displacement - vector quantity between any two points in space - Displacement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) - 3-1.11 - vector quantity between any two points in space - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) + + + + + + + + + + + + + AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + 10-1.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 - + - - - MolarInternalEnergy - Internal energy per amount of substance. - MolarInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 - 9-6.1 - Internal energy per amount of substance. - - - - - - Drilling - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - Bohren - Drilling - - - - - - UnitOne - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." - --- SI Brochure - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - Unitless - UnitOne - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." - --- SI Brochure - Refractive index or volume fraction. - Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. - - - - - - - 1 + + - - - 2 + + + 1 - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton + + + + + + + + Integer + An integer number. + Integer + An integer number. - - + + - - + + + 2 - - - IonicStrength - Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - IonicStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 - 9-42 - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 + Collection + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + Collection + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + + + + + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + + + + + + Procedure + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + Elaboration + Work + Procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). +The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. +The execution of an algorithm. + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + + + + + + + + + + + + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + Project + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + + + + + + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + + + + + + + RelativeMassDensity + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + RelativeDensity + RelativeMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 + 4-4 + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 + + + + + + + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 + 9-16 + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. @@ -5575,509 +5367,540 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c 5-6.2 - + - - Heat - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - AmountOfHeat - Heat - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat - 5-6.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + + + RelaxationTime + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + RelaxationTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 + 12-32.1 + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - - - Quantum - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - Quantum - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. -However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + + + + MetrologicalUncertainty + In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. + MetrologicalUncertainty + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + - Standard deviation +- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - - + + + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + + + + + + + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + + + + + + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. + + + + + + + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + The Newton's equation of motion. +The Schrödinger equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + - - + + + + + Equation + An equation with variables can always be represented as: + +f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) + +where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + Equation + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + 2+3 = 5 +x^2 +3x = 5x +dv/dt = a +sin(x) = y + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. + + + ParticleFluenceRate + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + ParticleFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 + 10-44 + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. + + + DimensionlessUnit + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + DimensionlessUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + Refractive index +Plane angle +Number of apples + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Measurement + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MeasurementUnit + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + MeasurementUnit + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + kg +m/s +km + measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." + +"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." + +https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf + Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. + Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - - - - MeasurementTime - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - MeasurementTime - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + + + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + MeasurementProcedure + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - - - - - - - - - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + + + + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + VerfestigendurchWalzen + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - - - Exafs - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - Exafs - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + + + + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - - - - Spectroscopy - - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + + + + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + A student during an examination. - - - - - Curvature - Inverse of the radius of curvature. - Curvature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature - 3-2 - Inverse of the radius of curvature. + + + + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - - - SpecificationLanguage - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - SpecificationLanguage - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language + + + + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing - + - - TotalCurrentDensity - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - TotalCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 - 6-20 - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + AreicElectricCharge + SurfaceChargeDensity + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 + 6-4 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 - + - + - - NuclearMagneton - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - NuclearMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 - 10-9.3 - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 + + ElectricFluxDensity + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + ElectricDisplacement + ElectricFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 + 6-12 + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - - - - - BohrRadius - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - BohrRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 - 10-6 - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 + + + + ThermalSprayingForming + ThermalSprayingForming - - - - Chronoamperometry - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - AmperiometricDetection - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Chronoamperometry - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + FormingFromPowder + FormingFromPowder - - - - Amperometry - Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Amperometry - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - - - - - DebyeAngularFrequency - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 - 12-10 - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + + GrowingCrystal + GrowingCrystal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + + + + FormingFromLiquid + FormingFromLiquid - - - - Determined - Determined + + + + ReactivePower + Imaginary part of the complex power. + ReactivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 + 6-60 + Imaginary part of the complex power. - - + + - - + + - - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + + + VolumicTotalCrossSection + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + VolumicTotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 + 10-42.2 + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - - + + - - + + - - - Equation - An equation with variables can always be represented as: - -f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) - -where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - Equation - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - 2+3 = 5 -x^2 +3x = 5x -dv/dt = a -sin(x) = y + + + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 + 10-18 + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - - - - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - GenerativeManufacturing - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + OrdinalQuantity + "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + OrdinalQuantity + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Hardness +Resilience + ordinal quantity - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - + + + + - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). - Someone who assigns a name to an object. - - - - - - Java - Java - - - - - - Probe - - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - Probe - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. - In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. - In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) - In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). - In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry - - - - - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A biography. - A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + CompositeBoson + CompositeBoson + Examples of composite particles with integer spin: +spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion +spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson +spin 2: O15 in ground state. - - + + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark + + + + + MagneticSusceptibility + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + MagneticSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 + 6-28 + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - - - - Signal - - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - Signal - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + + + + + HalfLife + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + HalfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 + 10-31 + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - - - - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + + + + Duration + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + Duration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 + 3-9 + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - - - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. + + + + DrawForming + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DrawForming - - - - - SerialStep - SerialStep + + + + TensileForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + Zugdruckumformen + TensileForming - + + - + - + - + @@ -6085,603 +5908,766 @@ sin(x) = y - UpAntiQuark - UpAntiQuark + FundamentalInteraction + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + FundamentalInteraction + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - - + + - + - + - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + A electron binded by a nucleus. - - - - - - - - - - - Mobility - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - Mobility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 - 10-61 - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 + + + + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + 3D Atom Probe + APT + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - - - - - - - - - - - MeanMassRange - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - MeanMassRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 - 10-57 - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 + + + + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - - - - Dielectrometry - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Dielectrometry - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + Structural + Structural - - - - ElectrochemicalTesting - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 - ElectrochemicalTesting - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + + + + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - + - + + - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) + Momentum + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum + 4-8 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - + + + + + Extensive + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Extensive + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Mass +Volume +Entropy + + + + + GreenStrangeQuark + GreenStrangeQuark + + + - T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaPerMassUnit - AreaPerMassUnit - - - - - - - GibbsEnergy - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - GibbsFreeEnergy - GibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 - 5-20.5 - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 - - - - - - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + InversePermittivityUnit + InversePermittivityUnit - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - - - - - - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - - - - - - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - PhysicalProperty - QuantitativeProperty - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RelativePressureCoefficient - RelativePressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 - 5-3.3 + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". - + - + - - PressureCoefficient - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - PressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 - 5-4 - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + + VolumicCrossSection + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + MacroscopicCrossSection + VolumicCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 + 10-42.1 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - + + + + + - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + SemioticObject + Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + +The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. + +In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + Object + SemioticObject + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - + - - - - - - - - - - + + Sample + + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Specimen + Sample + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + + + + + + DieCasting + DieCasting + + + + + + Casting + Casting + + + + + + + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. + + + + + - - - - + + + + + - CharacterisationTask - - CharacterisationTask + Step + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + Step + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - + + + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + HolisticTemporalPart + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + + + - + - - ActivityDensity - Activity per unit volume of the sample. - ActivityConcentration - VolumetricActivity - VolumicActivity - ActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 - 10-29 - Activity per unit volume of the sample. + + + SpecificHeatCapacity + Heat capacity divided by mass. + SpecificHeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity + 5-16.1 + Heat capacity divided by mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 - + + + + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Temperature +Density +Pressure +ChemicalPotential + + + - + - - RichardsonConstant - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - RichardsonConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 - 12-26 - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gluon - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - Gluon - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon + + + + + + ParticleConcentration + ParticleConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 + 9-9.1 - + - + - - MassFlow - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - MassFlow - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 - 4-30.1 - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - - - - - - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - NuclearGFactor - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 - 10-14.2 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + + + MolecularConcentration + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + MolecularConcentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 + 9-9.2 + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - + + + + + + + + + + + ParticleNumberDensity + Mean number of particles per volume. + ParticleNumberDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 + 10-62.1 + Mean number of particles per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 + + + + + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaUnit + AreaUnit + + + + + + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + DTA + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + + + + + + + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 + 10-65 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + + + - GFactor - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - GFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + QualityFactor + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 + 10-82 + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - - - - ElectrolyticDeposition - ElectrolyticDeposition + + + + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language - - - - FormingFromIonised - FormingFromIonised + + + + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - + + + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + + + - + - - EquilibriumPositionVector - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - EquilibriumPositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 - 12-7.2 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + + MagneticFieldStrength + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagnetizingFieldStrength + MagneticFieldStrength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 + 6-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - - - + + + - - - T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + + - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownQuark - DownQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark + + + + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). +A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. - + + + + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + + + + + + + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 + 5-17.1 + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + + + - + + - - HallCoefficient - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - HallCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 - 12-19 - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - - - - - - ElectricPolarization - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - ElectricPolarization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 - 6-7 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + + Area + Extent of a surface. + Area + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area + 3-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - + - - - ChargeNumber - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. - The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. - IonizationNumber - ChargeNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number - 10-5.2 - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 + + + + + + + + + Magnetization + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Magnetization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 + 6-24 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - - - - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + + + + + + + + + + MagneticTension + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + MagneticTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 + 6-37.2 + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - - - - NominalProperty - "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." - -"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." + + + + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + ElementalMolecule + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + Hydrogen molecule (H₂). + -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - NominalProperty - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + ChemicalSubstance + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. +Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. +e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). + -A color is a nominal property. + + + + ShearOrTorsionTesting + + ShearOrTorsionTesting + -Sex of a human being. - nominal property + + + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ForceUnit + ForceUnit - + - - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - A matematician that calculates 2+2. -A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - + + + + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + + + + + + + + + + + + + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + + + - + - + - + @@ -6689,737 +6675,816 @@ A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. - UpQuark - UpQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark + TopAntiQuark + TopAntiQuark - - - - - - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + + + + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + Dust, sand storm. - - - - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. - -It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. - -In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + + + + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - - - Estimated - Estimated - The biography of a person that the author have not met. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - - - - - Material - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - Material - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationTask + + CharacterisationTask - - - - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalStructure + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + CausalObject + CausalStructure + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - + - - PlasticSintering - PlasticSintering - - - - - - - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 - 12-2.1 - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - - - - - - - - AngularMeasure - The abstract notion of angle. - AngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 - 3-5 - The abstract notion of angle. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + + + Moulding + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + Gesenkformen + Moulding - - - - Angle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - PlaneAngle - Angle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - 3-5 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + + + + CompressiveForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + lasciano tensioni residue di compressione + Druckumformen + CompressiveForming - + - - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + da una forma non propria ad una forma propria + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + Powder: +particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size - + - - - - - - - - - MagneticReluctance - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - Reluctance - MagneticReluctance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 - 6-39 - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + + + AtomicScatteringFactor + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + AtomicScatteringFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 + 12-5.3 + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor - + - T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + InductanceUnit + InductanceUnit - + - - - IonTransportNumber - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - CurrentFraction - TransferrenceNumber - IonTransportNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 - 9-46 - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 + + + NeelTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + NeelTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 + 12-35.2 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - + - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - Density - Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. - MassConcentration - MassDensity - Density - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density - 4-2 - 9-10 - Mass per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - - - - - - NuclearMagneticResonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - NMR - NuclearMagneticResonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalConstruct - MathematicalConstruct - - - - - - CharacterisationTechnique - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - Characterisation procedure - Characterisation technique - CharacterisationTechnique - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharmAntiQuark - CharmAntiQuark + + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + ThermalExpansionCoefficient + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - - - - - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. + + + + Machining + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece + Machining + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - EntropyUnit - EntropyUnit + + + + DefinedEdgeCutting + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden + DefinedEdgeCutting - + - - + - - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + + + + Capacitance + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + ElectricCapacitance + Capacitance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance + 6-13 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - - - - - - - T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + + + + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + DIN 8580:2020 + Urformen + PrimitiveForming + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - + - - - Rotation - Rotation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 - 3-16 - - - - - - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - Electrogravimetry - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Electrogravimetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry - - - - - - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + + MagneticPolarisation + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + MagneticPolarisation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 + 6-29 + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - - + + - - + + + + + MagneticFluxDensity + Often denoted B. + Strength of the magnetic field. + MagneticInduction + MagneticFluxDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 + 6-21 + Strength of the magnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 + + + + - - + + + + + + ThermalConductivity + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. + ThermalConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity + 5-9 + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + + + + - - + + + 1 - - + + 1 - - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - - - - - - CharacterisationProcedure - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - CharacterisationProcedure - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - Sample preparation -Sample inspection -Calibration -Microscopy -Viscometry -Data sampling - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - + + QuantityValue + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). - - - - PlasmaCutting - PlasmaCutting - +So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. - - - - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - Thermisches Abtragen - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN +While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. + QuantityValue + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + 6.8 m +0.9 km +8 K +6 MeV +43.5 HRC(150 kg) + quantity value + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - - + + - - + + - - - AcceptorDensity - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - AcceptorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 - 12-29.5 - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - + + + + + + + + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - - - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) - +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - - - - Screwing - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - Schrauben - Screwing - +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - - - - - StandardChemicalPotential - StandardChemicalPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 - 9-21 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + ChemicalElement + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - - - - DoseEquivalentRate - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - DoseEquivalentRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 - 10-83.2 - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark - + - + - - AbsorbedDoseRate - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - AbsorbedDoseRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 - 10-84 - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + + ElectricDipoleMoment + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + ElectricDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + 6-6 + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - - - - Spacing - Spacing - + + + + + + + + + + + + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + Lifetime + Maximal + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. - - - - - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. +On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + +Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. - - - - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + + + + + + + + + + + + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + NonMaximal + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. + +If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. - - - - - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 - 6-35.1 - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + + + + + RawData + + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + RawData + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. + In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - + + - - + + - - Speed - Length per unit time. + + MeasurementResult + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + Result of a measurement. -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed - 3-8.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + MeasurementResult + Result of a measurement. + +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + measurement result + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Matter + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + PhysicalSubstance + Matter + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. + + + + + - - T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + - MassPerLengthUnit - MassPerLengthUnit + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + WellFormedTessellation + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - - - - Distance - Distance is the norm of Displacement. - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - Distance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance - 3-1.8 - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance + + + + TensileTesting + + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + TensionTest + TensileTesting + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - - - Chronocoulometry - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Chronocoulometry - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + MomentOfIntertia + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + MomentOfIntertia + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 + 4-7 + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 - + - - Coulometry - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Coulometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + - + - + - EMMO - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - EMMO - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + CausalChain + Elementary + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. + hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) - - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalModel - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + + + + + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 + 10-64 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + -Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - MathematicalModel - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + + + + Array + Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. + +See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. + Array + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, +a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, +an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, +and so forth... - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. + + + + + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. + + + + + + + + + + + + + LinearEnergyTransfer + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + LinearEnergyTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 + 10-85 + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 + + + + + + + ConstitutiveProcess + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + ConstitutiveProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + Blood circulation in a human body. + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + + + + + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + HolisticSpatialPart + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + + + + + + + + + + + + LuminousIntensity + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + LuminousIntensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity + 7-14 + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + + + + + + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + + + - + - + - + @@ -7427,1644 +7492,1507 @@ Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - StrangeQuark - StrangeQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark + StrangeAntiQuark + StrangeAntiQuark - + - - - - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - DiffusivityUnit - DiffusivityUnit + + + + RelativeHumidity + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. + RelativeHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 + 5-33 + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity - + - - - EnergyImparted - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - EnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 - 10-80.1 - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + + + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - + - + - - SeebeckCoefficient - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - SeebeckCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 - 12-21 - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + + ElectricResistance + Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + Resistance + ElectricResistance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 + 6-46 + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - + - - - - - - - - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 - 10-87 - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + + LarmonAngularFrequency + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + LarmonAngularFrequency + 10-15.1 + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - + + + + AngularFrequency + Rate of change of the phase angle. + AngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency + 3-18 + Rate of change of the phase angle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 + + + + + + MigrationArea + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + MigrationArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 + 10-72.3 + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + + + + + + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + + + + + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + + + + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - - - - - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + ReciprocalLengthUnit + ReciprocalLengthUnit - - - + + + - - - - - - + + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + - Coupled - Coupled + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - - - + + + + MicrowaveSintering + MicrowaveSintering + + + + + - - - - - - + + + T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. + SectionAreaIntegralUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit - - - - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + + + + LowPressureCasting + LowPressureCasting - - - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - Density functional theory. -Hartree-Fock. + + + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + VolumePerAmountUnit + VolumePerAmountUnit - - + + - - + + - - - ThermalDiffusivity - ThermalDiffusionCoefficient - ThermalDiffusivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 - 5-14 + HolisticSystem + A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + HolisticSystem + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). + Someone who assigns a name to an object. + + + + + Declared + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + Declared + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + + + + + + + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + + + - T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthTimePerMassUnit - LengthTimePerMassUnit + PowerUnit + PowerUnit - + + + RedTopQuark + RedTopQuark + + + - + - - MassChangeRate - Mass increment per time. - MassChangeRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 - 4-30.3 - Mass increment per time. + AngularVelocity + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + AngularVelocity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity + 3-12 + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity - - - - ScanningKelvinProbe - - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - SKB - ScanningKelvinProbe - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - + + + + + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - - - - - MeanEnergyImparted - Expectation value of the energy imparted. - MeanEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 - 10-80.2 - Expectation value of the energy imparted. - +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - - - - SpecificEnthalpy - Enthalpy per unit mass. - SpecificEnthalpy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 - 5-21.3 - Enthalpy per unit mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - + - RedBottomQuark - RedBottomQuark - - - - - - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - - - - - - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - wärmebehandeln - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - - - - - - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TopQuark + TopQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark - - - - OxidationNumber - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - OxidationState - OxidationNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 + + + + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + IMS + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - - - GreenTopQuark - GreenTopQuark + + + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - - + + - - - 1 - - - - - - - + - - + - - - + + + + - - + + - Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - Measurand - Quantity - https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - length -Rockwell C hardness -electric resistance - measurand - quantity - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - - - - - - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - - - ProcessingReproducibility - - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - ProcessingReproducibility - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + + + + Determined + Determined - + - - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + + MaterialRelation + A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + MaterialRelation + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + The Lennard-Jones potential. +A force field. +An Hamiltonian. - - - - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + + + + + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 + 12-13 - - - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - - - - - - MicrowaveSintering - MicrowaveSintering - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson + + + + + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + ObjectPart + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + A tire is a constituent of a car. - + - + - - Pressure - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - Pressure - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure - 4-14.1 - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - - - - - - Electroplating - Electroplating + + HallCoefficient + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + HallCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 + 12-19 + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - - - - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - DIN 8580:2020 - Beschichten - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Deduction + IndexSemiosis + Deduction - + - - - DewPointTemperature - The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - DewPointTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 - 5-36 - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 + + + Activity + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + Activity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 + 10-27 + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 - + - + - - ThermalResistance - The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - ThermalResistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 - 5-12 - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + + Frequency + Number of periods per time interval. + Frequency + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 + 3-15.1 + Number of periods per time interval. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 - + - - + - - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + + + + + Volume + Extent of an object in space. + Volume + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + 3-4 - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - MagneticReluctanceUnit - MagneticReluctanceUnit + PerTemperatureUnit + PerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - ExposureRate - Time derivative of exposure. - ExposureRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 - 10-89 - Time derivative of exposure. + + + + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + DPV + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Rolling - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - Walzen - Rolling + + + + Voltammetry + + The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + Voltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - PotentialEnergy - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - PotentialEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy - 4-28.1 - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + + + BlueDownQuark + BlueDownQuark - - - - - - - T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - AmountConductivityUnit - AmountConductivityUnit + + + + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. - - - - - - - - - - - JouleThomsonCoefficient - JouleThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 - 5-24 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + RedQuark + RedQuark - - - - Widening - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - Weiten - Widening + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - TensileForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - Zugdruckumformen - TensileForming + + + + + ActiveEnergy + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + ActiveEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 + 6-62 + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - + - - - CurieTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - CurieTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 - 12-35.1 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + + Wavelength + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + Wavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength + 3-19 + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 - + - - - MigrationLength - Square root of the migration area, M^2. - MigrationLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 - 10-73.3 - Square root of the migration area, M^2. + + + + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricResistivityUnit + ElectricResistivityUnit - - - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - MeasurementProcedure - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + + + GreenTopAntiQuark + GreenTopAntiQuark - - - - ProductionEngineering - ProductionEngineering + + + + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - + - - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik + + Widening + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + Weiten + Widening - + - - - ActivityCoefficient - ActivityCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 - 9-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 + + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron + MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 + 10-12.2 + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - ChemicalSubstance - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. -Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. -e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). + + + GyromagneticRatio + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + GyromagneticCoefficient + MagnetogyricRatio + GyromagneticRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 + 10-12.1 + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 - - - - - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 - ChemicalEntity - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. - Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). + + + + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + + + + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + + + + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + PSA + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - + - - - LarmonFrequency - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - LarmonFrequency - 10-15.2 - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + + + + + T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquarePressureTimeUnit + SquarePressureTimeUnit - + - + - - Frequency - Number of periods per time interval. - Frequency - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 - 3-15.1 - Number of periods per time interval. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 - - - - - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - A unique id attached to an entity. - - - - - - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y - - - - - - ChargeDistribution - - ChargeDistribution - - - - - - LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - LogarithmicUnit - http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Decibel - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units + + Fugacity + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + Fugacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 + 9-20 + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 - - - - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + + + + + FastFissionFactor + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + FastFissionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 + 10-75 + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - - + + - - + + - HolisticSystem - A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - HolisticSystem - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + + Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + Illuminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Component - A constituent of a system. - Component - A constituent of a system. - - - - - - Sawing - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - Sägen - Sawing - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + + + + + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 + 10-49 + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - + - - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 - 9-6.3 - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + + IonTransportNumber + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + CurrentFraction + TransferrenceNumber + IonTransportNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 + 9-46 + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 - + - - - StaticFrictionForce - StaticFriction - StaticFrictionForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 - 4-9.3 + + + LandeFactor + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + GFactorOfAtom + LandeFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 + 10-14.1 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - + - - - - - - - - DynamicViscosity - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - Viscosity - DynamicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 - 4-24 - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 + + + GFactor + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + GFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - - - - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. + + + + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + ProductionEngineeringProcess + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + --- VIM - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron - + - + + - - + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - LinearEnergyTransfer - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - LinearEnergyTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 - 10-85 - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 + + ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - WellFormedTessellation - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + + + + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SpatioTemporalTile - https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a - WellFormedTile - SpatioTemporalTile + + + + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - + - T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + PerLengthTimeUnit + PerLengthTimeUnit - + + + + Signal + + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + Signal + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + + + - - - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum - 6-35.2 - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 + + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - + - - - - - - - - - GyromagneticRatio - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - GyromagneticCoefficient - MagnetogyricRatio - GyromagneticRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 - 10-12.1 - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 - - - - - - - MaterialSynthesis - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - MaterialSynthesis - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - - - - - - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - ContinuumManufacturing - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + + + ThermodynamicEfficiency + ThermalEfficiency + ThermodynamicEfficiency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 + 5-25.1 - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. - - - - - - - - - T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MassSquareTimeUnit - MassSquareTimeUnit + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - + - - + - - + + + + + + + - StandardModelParticle - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - ElementaryParticle - StandardModelParticle - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. - This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). -In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). + ElectronType + ElectronType - - + + - - + + - - MagneticTension - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - MagneticTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 - 6-37.2 - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - - - - - - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - ElementalMolecule - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - Hydrogen molecule (H₂). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - A electron binded by a nucleus. - - - - - - - ElectronMass - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - - - - - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - Mass - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - Mass - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass - 4-1 - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 + + + + + + + + SampleInspection + + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + SampleInspection + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. - - - - LinearChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - LinearChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + + + + MeanFreePath + The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + MeanFreePath + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 + 9-38 + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 - - - - - - - + + + + PathLength + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + ArcLength + PathLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length + 3-1.7 + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length + + + + + + + RelativeVolumeStrain + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + BulkStrain + VolumeStrain + RelativeVolumeStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 + 4-17.4 + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 + + + + + + + + + T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + + + + + + + ComptonWavelength + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + ComptonWavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 + 10-20 + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength + + + + + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + ReferenceMaterial + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + + + + + + + ChargeNumber + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. + The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. + IonizationNumber + ChargeNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number + 10-5.2 + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 + + + + + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + VolumeUnit + VolumeUnit + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino - - - - - - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + ElementaryParticle + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + SingleParticleChain + ElementaryParticle + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - - - - - - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + + + + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - - - - - ElectrolyticConductivity - ElectrolyticConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 - 9-44 + + + + Chronopotentiometry + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + Chronopotentiometry + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - + - ElectricConductivity - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - Conductivity - ElectricConductivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 - 6-43 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 + Permittivity + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity + 6-14.1 + 6-14.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - - + + - - + + - - - DoseEquivalent - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent - 10-83.1 - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - - - + + + + + + - - MeasurementResult - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - MeasurementResult - Result of a measurement. + + + + + + + + + + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. +On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). --- VIM - measurement result - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. +The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). - - - - GrowingCrystal - GrowingCrystal - - - - - - FormingFromLiquid - FormingFromLiquid - - - - - - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM - Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing + + + + + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 + ChemicalEntity + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. + Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). - - - - CeramicSintering - CeramicSintering + + + + + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 + 10-34 + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - - - - - - - 1 - - + + - - - 1 + + - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - - - - - - - - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + + + RecombinationCoefficient + Coefficient in the law of recombination, + RecombinationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 + 10-63 + Coefficient in the law of recombination, - + - - + - - T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricChargeDensityUnit - ElectricChargeDensityUnit + + + + AbsorbedDoseRate + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + AbsorbedDoseRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 + 10-84 + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - - - - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + + + + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + Real part of the impedance. + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 + 6-51.2 + Real part of the impedance. - - - - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - -In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). - -If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + + + + + TotalAngularMomentum + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + TotalAngularMomentum + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 + 10-11 + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - + - + - - - ElectricResistivity - Electric field strength divided by the current density. - Resistivity - ElectricResistivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 - 6-44 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - - - - - - - - * - - - - Multiplication - Multiplication + + AngularMomentum + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum + 4-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - - - - ArithmeticOperator - ArithmeticOperator + + + + + EnergyImparted + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + EnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 + 10-80.1 + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + UpQuarkType + UpQuarkType - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - LatticeVector - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - LatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 - 12-1.1 - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - - - - - - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + + + + + + + + + + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. +For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + Model + Simulacrum + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - - - - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + + + + + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 + 12-29.3 + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - + @@ -9073,46 +9001,8 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' proc - - ParticleNumberDensity - Mean number of particles per volume. - ParticleNumberDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 - 10-62.1 - Mean number of particles per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 - - - - - - - - - - - - KinematicViscosity - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - KinematicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 - 4-25 - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 - - - - - - Assemblying - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - The act of connecting together the parts of something - Assemblying - The act of connecting together the parts of something - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + ReciprocalVolume + ReciprocalVolume @@ -9128,1417 +9018,1764 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' proc C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) - - - - Assigned - Assigned - - - - - - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - + + + + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - - - - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - +In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deduction - IndexSemiosis - Deduction +If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. - - + + - + - + - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. - Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. + + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicMassNumber - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + + + + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - - + + - T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit - - - - - IonizationEnergy - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - IonizationEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 - 12-24.2 - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 + + + + LinearScanVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + LSV + LinearPolarization + LinearSweepVoltammetry + LinearScanVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - LondonPenetrationDepth - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - LondonPenetrationDepth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 - 12-38.1 - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + + + + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - - - - PeriodDuration - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - Period - PeriodDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 - 3-14 - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - + - - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - - - - - - - PowerFactor - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - PowerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 - 6-58 - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + + Grinding + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + Grinding + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - + - - ReferenceSample + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SamplePreparation - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - ReferenceSpecimen - Certified Reference Material - Reference material - ReferenceSample - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Reference material + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + SamplePreparation + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + + + + Ablation + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + Abtragen + Ablation + -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants + + + + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + DIN 8580:2020 + Trennen + CuttingManufacturing + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - + - - - - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. -ISO 80000-1 - Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. - -Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. - Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. - -For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. - -However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. - -For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. - -As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). - — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, -— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and -— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. -ISO 80000-1 - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + + + + + Component + A constituent of a system. + Component + A constituent of a system. - + - - ShearStrain - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - ShearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 - 4-17.3 - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 + + LossFactor + Inverse of the quality factor. + LossFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 + 6-54 + Inverse of the quality factor. - - - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + + + + + Number + A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. + A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). + A numerical data value. + In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. +More than one numeral stands for the same number. +In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). +Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). +The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. +For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. + Numeral + Number + A numerical data value. + + + + + + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 + 10-13.6 + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + + + + + + + MigrationLength + Square root of the migration area, M^2. + MigrationLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 + 10-73.3 + Square root of the migration area, M^2. + + + + + + Probe + + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + Probe + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. + In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. + In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) + In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). + In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry + + + + + GreenCharmQuark + GreenCharmQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + Torque + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + Torque + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque + 4-12.2 + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Signal + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). +My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + + + + + + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + + + + + + + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 + 6-35.1 + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + + + + + + + + + + + + Speed + Length per unit time. + +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed + 3-8.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 + + + + + + + + + + + + + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 + 10-39 + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + + + + + + + SerialStep + SerialStep + + + + + + + + + T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + + + + + + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. + + + + + + + + + + + + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + LinearArray + 1DArray + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + + + + + + + ShortRangeOrderParameter + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + ShortRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 + 12-5.1 + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PowerAreaUnit + PowerAreaUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + ThermodynamicTemperature + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + ThermodynamicTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature + 5-1 + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. +Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). +A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + EncodedVariation + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. + +Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). +Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. +Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. +Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). + A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data + + + + + + + InjectionMolding + InjectionMolding + + + + + + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - + - - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. - Product - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. + + FormingFromPlastic + FormingFromPlastic - - - + + + + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + - - - - - - + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + - Product - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - Output - Product - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + MagneticFluxUnit + MagneticFluxUnit - - - - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + + + + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - - - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + + + + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. - + - + + + MixingRatio + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. + MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas + MixingRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 + 5-30 + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + + + + + + - - + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - Molality - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - AmountPerMass - Molality - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 - 9-15 - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 + + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerAreaUnit - AmountPerAreaUnit + AreaPerMassUnit + AreaPerMassUnit - + + + DerivedUnit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + DerivedUnit + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + derived unit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + + + - - CurrentLinkage - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - CurrentLinkage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 - 6-37.4 - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + + + + + + + + + AmountOfSubstance + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." + +-- SI Brochure + The number of elementary entities present. + AmountOfSubstance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance + 9-2 + The number of elementary entities present. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - - - - DefinedEdgeCutting - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden - DefinedEdgeCutting + + + + + ParticleEmissionRate + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + ParticleEmissionRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 + 10-36 + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - - - - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - DIN 8580:2020 - Trennen - CuttingManufacturing - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + + + + + + + + + + ReciprocalDuration + InverseDuration + InverseTime + ReciprocalTime + ReciprocalDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 - - - - - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + + + + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. - - - - - - BeginTile - BeginTile + + + + + CyclotronAngularFrequency + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 + 10-16 + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - - - - Wavelength - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - Wavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength - 3-19 - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 + + + + InterferenceFitting + InterferenceFitting - - - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + + + + Pressing + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + Anpressen + Pressing - - + + - - + + - - - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ProbeSampleInteraction + + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + ProbeSampleInteraction + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - - - - - ThermalDiffusionRatio - ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 - 9-40.1 + + + + InteractionVolume + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + InteractionVolume + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - - - - LiquidPhaseSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - LiquidPhaseSintering + + + + + PoissonNumber + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + PoissonsRatio + PoissonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 + 4-18 + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - + - T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TimePerLengthUnit - TimePerLengthUnit + EnergyUnit + EnergyUnit - + + + + ReferenceSample + + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + ReferenceSpecimen + Certified Reference Material + Reference material + ReferenceSample + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + Reference material + + + - - - LeakageFactor - One minus the square of the coupling factor - LeakageFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 - 6-42.2 - One minus the square of the coupling factor + + + Attenuation + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + Extinction + Attenuation + 3-26.1 + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 - + + + + MeanDurationOfLife + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + MeanLifeTime + MeanDurationOfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 + 10-25 + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + + + + - - + + + 1 - - - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 - 10-41 - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - - - - - - + + + 2 - - - Permeance - Inverse of the reluctance. - Permeance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 - 6-40 - Inverse of the reluctance. + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron - + - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino + GluonType5 + GluonType5 - - - - RadiantFlux - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 + + + + + + + + + + + MathematicalModel + A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + +Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + MathematicalModel + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - - + + - - + + - - - MolarVolume - Volume per amount of substance. - MolarVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 - 9-5 - Volume per amount of substance. - - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + DataProcessing + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + DataProcessing + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + + + + + + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + A matematician that calculates 2+2. +A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - ProbeSampleInteraction - - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - ProbeSampleInteraction - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + + + + + + + + + + + + EMMO + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + EMMO + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - - + + - - + + - Whole - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - Whole - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + + + IonicStrength + Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + IonicStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 + 9-42 + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - - - - - Moulding - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - Gesenkformen - Moulding + + + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - - - Declared - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - Declared - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + + + + Diameter + The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + Diameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter + 3-1.5 + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter - + - - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + + SampledDCPolarography + + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. + TASTPolarography + SampledDCPolarography + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + DCPolarography + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + DCPolarography + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + + + + + + + + + + Exposure + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + Exposure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 + 10-88 + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + A random generated id for a product. + + + + + + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + x +k + + + + - - + + - - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 - 12-2.2 - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + + + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - + - - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - HTML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language + + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + BinaryData + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + Resource + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + + + - - - LossFactor - Inverse of the quality factor. - LossFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 - 6-54 - Inverse of the quality factor. + + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + Real part of the admittance. + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 + 6-52.2 + Real part of the admittance. - + - + - - - Area - Extent of a surface. - Area - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area - 3-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 + + + ElectricConductance + Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + Conductance + ElectricConductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 + 6-47 + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - + - - + - - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricMobilityUnit - ElectricMobilityUnit - - - - - - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - - - - - - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + + + ChemicalPotential + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential + 9-17 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - - - - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - AdSV - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + Computer + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer - - - - StrippingVoltammetry - - Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. - Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. - Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. - Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. - Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - StrippingVoltammetry - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + Symbol + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + AlphabeticEntity + Symbol + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). - - - - ElectroSinterForging - ElectroSinterForging +Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. +(Wikipedia) + The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. - - - - - BraggAngle - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - BraggAngle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 - 12-4 - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + + + + + + + + + + + + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + fe780 +emmo +!5*a +cat +for(i=0;i<N;++i) + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. +For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). - - - - - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 - 10-33 - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + + + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - - - + + - - - - + + + + - Holistic - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - Wholistic - Holistic - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. - A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. + ParticulateMatter + ParticulateMatter - + - - - CyclotronAngularFrequency - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 - 10-16 - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + + + + + + + + + + ElectricResistivity + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + Resistivity + ElectricResistivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 + 6-44 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - - + + - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerVolumeUnit - PerVolumeUnit + SpeedUnit + SpeedUnit - - - - - - - - - - - PlanckFunction - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - PlanckFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 - 5-23 - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + + + + WorkpieceForming + A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + ArchetypeForming + PrimitiveForming + WorkpieceForming - - - - Ruby - Ruby + + + FunctionalIcon + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. + FunctionalIcon + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). + A guinea pig. + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - - - - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + + + + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - - - - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + + + + + + + + + + + + Sign + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. + +A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). + +Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: +- symbols: that stand for an object through convention +- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity +- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + Sign + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). + +Each of them are 'sign'-s. + +A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + +The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + +For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - - - - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + VacuumMagneticPermeability + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + PermeabilityOfVacuum + VacuumMagneticPermeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum + 6-26.1 + + + + - - + + - - SamplePreparation - - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - SamplePreparation - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + + + Permeability + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + ElectromagneticPermeability + Permeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability + 6-26.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - - - - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - Unit for mass fraction. + + + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - + - - InternalConversionFactor - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - InternalConversionCoefficient - InternalConversionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 - 10-35 - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - - - - - - GravityCasting - GravityCasting - - - - - - Casting - Casting + + PackingFraction + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + PackingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 + 10-23.1 + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - - - - Punctuation - Punctuation + + + + + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + Aerogel - - - - - - - T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - CapacitancePerLengthUnit - CapacitancePerLengthUnit + + + + Foam + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + Foam + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - - - - + + + - - T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + + Tessellation + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + Tiling + Tessellation + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - - - - + + + - - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - TimeUnit - TimeUnit - - - - - - Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - Concentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 - - - - - - ChipboardManufacturing - ChipboardManufacturing + + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - - - - FormingFromChip - FormingFromChip - + + + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - - - - - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 - 9-35.1 +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - - - - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Code - SoftwareCode - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + + + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - - - - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + + + + SquareWaveVoltammetry + + Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. + The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped + The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + OSWV + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + SWV + SquareWaveVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - - + + - - - IonNumberDensity - Number of ions per volume. - IonDensity - IonNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 - 10-62.2 - Number of ions per volume. + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - - - - - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - + + + + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - - - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - ElectronAntiNeutrino - ElectronAntiNeutrino + + + + Drilling + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + Bohren + Drilling - - - - - - - - - - - RecombinationCoefficient - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - RecombinationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 - 10-63 - Coefficient in the law of recombination, + + + + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - - - - LevelOfExpertise - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - LevelOfExpertise - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + + + + + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - + - + - - VolumicCrossSection - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - MacroscopicCrossSection - VolumicCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 - 10-42.1 - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 - - - - - - IonActivity - Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. - The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - IonActivity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - - - - - - - ActivityOfSolute - RelativeActivityOfSolute - ActivityOfSolute - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 - 9-24 + + ElectricChargeDensity + Electric charge per volume. + VolumeElectricCharge + ElectricChargeDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 + 6-3 + Electric charge per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 - + - + + - - HeatCapacity - Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - HeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity - 5-15 - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 - - - - - GreenBottomQuark - GreenBottomQuark - - - - - - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - - - - - - MassSpectrometry - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - MassSpectrometry - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + + ElectricCharge + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + Charge + ElectricCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 + 6-2 + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - + - Spectrometry + Viscometry - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - Spectrometry - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - - - - Observed - Observed - The biography of a person met by the author. + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + Viscosity + Viscometry + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - - Measurement - A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - Measurement - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - measurement + + + ElectricCurrent + A flow of electric charge. + ElectricCurrent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent + 6-1 + A flow of electric charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - + - + - - - ElectricPotential - The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar -field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - ElectroStaticPotential - ElectricPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential - 6-11.1 - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - - - - - - - HalfLife - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - HalfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 - 10-31 - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + + RichardsonConstant + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + RichardsonConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 + 12-26 + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - + + + GreenDownQuark + GreenDownQuark + + + @@ -10547,1913 +10784,1847 @@ field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. - - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - VolumicElectromagneticEnergy - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 - 6-33 - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + + ModulusOfElasticity + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + YoungsModulus + ModulusOfElasticity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 + 4-19.1 + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 - + - - - OsmoticPressure - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - OsmoticPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 - 9-28 - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 + + + AbsoluteHumidity + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + 5-28 + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - + - - ElectricReactance - The imaginary part of the impedance. - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - Reactance - ElectricReactance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 - 6-51.3 - The imaginary part of the impedance. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 - - - - - - - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - A student during an examination. - - - - - Object - A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). -However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. -In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. -To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Continuant - Endurant - Object - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - - - - - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - HolisticSpatialPart - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - - - - - - WorkpieceForming - A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - ArchetypeForming - PrimitiveForming - WorkpieceForming + + + MassConcentration + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - - - - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + + + + + + + + + Existent + 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). +'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - +This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. - - - - - Bending - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - Bending - +e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. - - - - FlexuralForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - Biegeumformen - FlexuralForming - +By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. - - - - RefractiveIndex - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - +Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. + Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. - - - - Strain - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - Strain - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain - 4-17.1 - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. +Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. + true + Existent + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - + - - Holder - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - Holder - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - - - - - - Tortuosity - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - Tortuosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - - - - - - PathLength - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - ArcLength - PathLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length - 3-1.7 - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length + + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - - - + + + - - - - - - + + + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - Program - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - Executable - Program - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + MomentumUnit + MomentumUnit - + - T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + LengthUnit + LengthUnit - + - + - - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 - 10-38.1 - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - - - - - - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - App - Application - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. + + + + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 + 4-21.2 - + - + - AngularVelocity - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - AngularVelocity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity - 3-12 - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity + + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 + 4-21.1 - - - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. + + + + TotalCurrentDensity + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + TotalCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 + 6-20 + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - + - - + - - T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - - - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + + + + + ElectricCurrentDensity + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + AreicElectricCurrent + CurrentDensity + ElectricCurrentDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 + 6-8 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - - - - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - Rain, spray. + + + + + TotalCrossSection + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + TotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 + 10-38.2 + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - + - - + - - T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + + + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 + 10-38.1 + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharmQuark - CharmQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark + + + + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). + FunctionDefinition + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) - - - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - + + + + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricChargeUnit - ElectricChargeUnit +The definition of density as mass/volume. + +y = f(x) - - - - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - An operating system. A graphic driver. + + + + + ThermoelectricVoltage + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + ThermoelectricVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 + 12-20 + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - - - - - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + + + + Voltage + Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. + The difference in electric potential between two points. + ElectricPotentialDifference + ElectricTension + Voltage + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage + 6-11.3 + The difference in electric potential between two points. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 - - - - - - EndTile - EndTile + + + + + + + + + + + MeanMassRange + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + MeanMassRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 + 10-57 + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 - + - + - - PositionVector - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + + ElectricFieldStrength + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + ElectricFieldStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 + 6-10 + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + --- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + + + + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. + It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid + Object that is processed with a machine + Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + They are not powders or threads + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + fili e polveri non sono compresi + it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. + it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape + powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them + Werkstück + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + --- ISO 80000-3 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - Position - PositionVector - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + + + + + + + + + + + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + EngineeredMaterial + ProcessedMaterial + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - - + + - - + + - - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - LinearArray - 1DArray - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + + + MassChangeRate + Mass increment per time. + MassChangeRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 + 4-30.3 + Mass increment per time. - - - - Conductometry - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Conductometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + + + + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - - - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - base quantity + + + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + A character, a bit, a song in a CD. - - - - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + + + + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + STM + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - - - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - x -k - + + + + LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - - - AmorphousMaterial - NonCrystallineMaterial - AmorphousMaterial - +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + LogarithmicUnit + http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Decibel + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - - - BlueTopQuark - BlueTopQuark +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Operator - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - Operator - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + + MathematicalConstruct + MathematicalConstruct - - + + - - + + - + + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + 2DArray + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + + + + + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon + + + + - SlowingDownDensity - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - SlowingDownDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 - 10-67 - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 + 10-74.2 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - + + + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino + + + + + + + DiffusionLength + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + DiffusionLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 + 12-33 + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + + + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialUnit - ElectricPotentialUnit + PerAreaUnit + PerAreaUnit - + + + + + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + + + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + + + + + + Chronoamperometry + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + AmperiometricDetection + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Chronoamperometry + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Amperometry + Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + Amperometry + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + C++ + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Gas, liquid, plasma, + + + - - - - CubicExpansionCoefficient - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) - CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 - 5-3.2 - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + + Displacement + vector quantity between any two points in space + Displacement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) + 3-1.11 + vector quantity between any two points in space + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) - + - + - - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - ThermalExpansionCoefficient - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - - - - - - - LinearExpansionCoefficient - Relative change of length per change of temperature. - LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 - 5-3.1 - Relative change of length per change of temperature. + + + TotalMassStoppingPower + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + MassStoppingPower + TotalMassStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 + 10-55 + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - + - - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - Werkstücke - DiscreteManufacturing - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - - - - - - ModulusOfAdmittance - ModulusOfAdmittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 - 6-52.4 + + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - + + + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + - + + - - + + T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricConductance - Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - Conductance - ElectricConductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 - 6-47 - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 + + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - + - - ScanningProbeMicroscopy + + SamplePreparationInstrument - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + SamplePreparationInstrument - - - - PositionVector - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - PositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) - 3-1.10 - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) + + + + + Cutting + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + Schneiden + Cutting - - - - XrayPowderDiffraction + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SampleExtraction - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - XRPD - XrayPowderDiffraction - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + SampleExtraction + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - + + + + PowderCoating + PowderCoating + + + + + + + Material + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + Material + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. + + + - - XrayDiffraction - - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - XRD - XrayDiffraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography + + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - + - - RamanSpectroscopy - - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + + + DiscreteData + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + DiscreteData + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - RamanSpectroscopy - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + + + PolymericMaterial + PolymericMaterial + -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + + + + ModulusOfAdmittance + ModulusOfAdmittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 + 6-52.4 + -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuarkType + UpAntiQuarkType - - - - Thickness - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - Thickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 - 3-1.4 - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + Suspensions show no significant effect on light. + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - - + + - - + + - - - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 - 6-9 - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - + + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - - - - RadialDistance - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - RadialDistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 - 3-1.9 - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalParticle - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - Particle - PhysicalParticle - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - + - - - LinearIonization - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - LinearIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 - 10-58 - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ForceAreaUnit + ForceAreaUnit - - - - - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 - 10-60 - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + + + + URI + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + URI + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - - + + - - + + + 1 - CharacterisationEnvironment - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - CharacterisationEnvironment - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier - + - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - - - - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - - + + - - + + - - - ElectricChargeDensity - Electric charge per volume. - VolumeElectricCharge - ElectricChargeDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 - 6-3 - Electric charge per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter + Measuring instrument + + + + + + + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + Modelling + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - Capacitance - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - ElectricCapacitance - Capacitance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance - 6-13 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - - - - - - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - - - - - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. + + + + FlexuralForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + Biegeumformen + FlexuralForming - + - - + - - T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - - - - - - + + - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - PressureUnit - PressureUnit + + + + Mass + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + Mass + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass + 4-1 + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - + + + + GravitySintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + Loose-powderSintering + PressurelessSintering + GravitySintering + + + - - - - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreicSpeedUnit - AreicSpeedUnit + + IsobaricHeatCapacity + Heat capacity at constant pressure. + HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure + IsobaricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 + 5-16.2 + Heat capacity at constant pressure. - + - + - - - Permeability - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - ElectromagneticPermeability - Permeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability - 6-26.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - - - - - - MaterialRelationComputation - MaterialRelationComputation - - - - - - - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + + HeatCapacity + Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + HeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity + 5-15 + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 - + - - Fractography - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - Fractography - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + RawSample + + RawSample - - - - OpticalTesting - - OpticalTesting + + + BlueTopQuark + BlueTopQuark - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - SampleExtraction - - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - SampleExtraction - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + + PoyntingVector + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + PoyntingVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 + 6-34 + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - - - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountConcentrationUnit - AmountConcentrationUnit + + + + + TotalIonization + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + TotalIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 + 10-59 + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + + + + + ProcessingReproducibility + + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + ProcessingReproducibility + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - - - - ApparentPower - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - ApparentPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 - 6-57 - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + + + RedUpQuark + RedUpQuark - - - - InternalEnergy - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - ThermodynamicEnergy - InternalEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy - 5.20-2 - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 + + + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - + - + - - ThermalInsulance - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - CoefficientOfThermalInsulance - ThermalInsulance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 - 5-11 - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - - - - - - HardeningByForging - HardeningByForging - + + MagneticDipoleMoment + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: - - - - HardeningByForming - Verfestigen durch Umformen - HardeningByForming - + W = g μ M B - - - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino - +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. - - - - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - Computer - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer - +-- ISO 80000 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - - RedDownQuark - RedDownQuark - + ΔW = −μ · B + MagneticDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + 10-9.1 + 6-30 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. - Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance - MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - - - - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + + + + + + + + + + + + + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - + - + - - - ThermalConductivity - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. - ThermalConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity - 5-9 - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + MolarEnergy + Energy per amount of substance. + MolarEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 + Energy per amount of substance. - - - - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. + + + + + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + OsmoticFactorOfSolvent + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 + 9-27.2 + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 - - - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + TotalCurrent + Sum of electric current and displacement current + TotalCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 + 6-19.2 + Sum of electric current and displacement current - - + + - - + + + + + + - - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - MeasurementParameterAdjustment - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Adjustment + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. + Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + ChargedWeakBoson + IntermediateVectorBoson + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + + + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - + + + WPositiveBoson + WPositiveBoson + + + - + - - KermaRate - Time derivative of kerma. - KermaRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 - 10-86.2 - Time derivative of kerma. - - - - - - CharacterisationComponent - - CharacterisationComponent + + LorenzCoefficient + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + LorenzNumber + LorenzCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 + 12-18 + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - - - - - - = - - - - - Equals - The equals symbol. - Equals - The equals symbol. + + + + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - - + + + - - - - - - - - ParticulateMatter - ParticulateMatter - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - - - - - - - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Characterisation - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. + LuminanceUnit + LuminanceUnit - + - + - AngularWavenumber - Magnitude of the wave vector. - AngularRepetency - AngularWavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 - 3-22 - Magnitude of the wave vector. + LinearIonization + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + LinearIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 + 10-58 + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - + - - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - - - - - - - - - - - - DissociationConstant - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - DissociationConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - + - - - EquilibriumConstant - The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis - EquilibriumConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 - - - - - - FibDic - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - FibDic - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + SpecificInternalEnergy + Internal energy per unit mass. + SpecificInternalEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 + 5-21.2 + Internal energy per unit mass. - + - - Work - Product of force and displacement. - Work - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work - Product of force and displacement. - 4-28.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + + + PhaseDifference + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + DisplacementAngle + PhaseDifference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 + 6-48 + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - + - - - - - - - - - MolarEntropy - Entropy per amount of substance. - MolarEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 - 9-8 - Entropy per amount of substance. + + Angle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + PlaneAngle + Angle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + 3-5 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + + + + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? - - - - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + FormingJoin + FormingJoin - + - - SampledDCPolarography + + SecondaryData - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. - TASTPolarography - SampledDCPolarography - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Elaborated data + SecondaryData + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Deconvoluted curves + Intensity maps - - - - DCPolarography - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - DCPolarography - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Susceptance + imaginary part of the admittance + Susceptance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 + 6-52.3 + imaginary part of the admittance - - - - - - - - - - - - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. - Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). + + + + + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. - - + + - - - - + + + + + + - - - LinearMassDensity - Mass per length. - LinearDensity - LineicMass - LinearMassDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 - 4-6 - Mass per length. - - - - - - MetrologicalUncertainty - In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. - MetrologicalUncertainty - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - - Standard deviation -- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - - - - - + + + + + + - + + - - - - - - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language + + + + FundamentalMatterParticle + FundamentalMatterParticle - - - - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. - -Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + + + + FormingFromChip + FormingFromChip + -Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language + + + GreenTopQuark + GreenTopQuark - - - - - AbsoluteHumidity - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - 5-28 - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + + + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino - - - - - MassConcentration - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + + + + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - + - - ScatteringAndDiffraction - - ScatteringAndDiffraction + + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - + - - - DragCoefficient - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - DragFactor - DragCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 - 4-23.4 - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + + + DebyeAngularFrequency + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 + 12-10 + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - + - + + - - + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - ParticleFluence - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - ParticleFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 - 10-43 - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + + PressureUnit + PressureUnit - + - - - - - - - - - MassAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 - 10-50 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + + + KineticFrictionForce + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + DynamicFrictionForce + KineticFrictionForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 + 4-9.4 + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - + - + + - - - EnergyDensityOfStates - Quantity in condensed matter physics. - EnergyDensityOfStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 - 12-16 - Quantity in condensed matter physics. + Force + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + Force + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force + 4-9.1 + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - + + + + + Bending + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + Bending + + + - + - - DensityOfVibrationalStates - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - DensityOfVibrationalStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 - 12-12 - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationSystem - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - CharacterisationSystem - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Measuring system + FundamentalLatticeVector + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + FundamentalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 + 12-1.2 + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - - - + + + + - - + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MeasuringSystem - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - MeasuringSystem - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - measuring system + + DensityUnit + DensityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TopQuark - TopQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark + + + + + DonorDensity + Number of donor levels per volume. + DonorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 + 12-29.4 + Number of donor levels per volume. - - - - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - Granite, sand, dried concrete. + + + + + DewPointTemperature + The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + DewPointTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 + 5-36 + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 - - - - - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + + + + FreeForming + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + Non la metterei + Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). + FreeForming - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - Measuring instrument + + + + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalBoson - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - FundamentalBoson - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons + + + + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + wärmebehandeln + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - + + + + PeriodDuration + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + Period + PeriodDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 + 3-14 + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 + + + - T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AreaSquareTimeUnit - AreaSquareTimeUnit + AmountConductivityUnit + AmountConductivityUnit - + + + GreenBottomAntiQuark + GreenBottomAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + - - BindingFraction - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - BindingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 - 10-23.2 - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + DiffusionArea + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + DiffusionArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 + 10-72.2 + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - - - - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + + + + + + + + + + Luminance + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - - - + + + + Grinding + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + Schleifen + Grinding + + + + + + + ProtonMass + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + + + + + - + - + - + @@ -12461,1504 +12632,1423 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Gas, liquid, plasma, - - - - - - SandMolds - SandMolds - - - - - - FormingFromPowder - FormingFromPowder - - - - - - - ElectronRadius - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - ElectronRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 - 10-19.2 - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + AntiNeutrinoType + AntiNeutrinoType - - - - - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - ObjectPart - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - A tire is a constituent of a car. + + + RightHandedParticle + RightHandedParticle - + - - ACVoltammetry + + XrayPowderDiffraction - The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - ACV - ACVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + XRPD + XrayPowderDiffraction + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction - + - - Voltammetry + + XrayDiffraction - The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - Voltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + XRD + XrayDiffraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - - - - Gathering - Gathering + + + + PotentialEnergy + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + PotentialEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy + 4-28.1 + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 - - + + - - + + - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + + + IonNumberDensity + Number of ions per volume. + IonDensity + IonNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 + 10-62.2 + Number of ions per volume. - + + + + CoulometricTitration + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + CoulometricTitration + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + + + - Potentiometry - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Potentiometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + Coulometry + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Coulometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - - MolarGasConstant - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - MolarGasConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant - 9-37.1 - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + + + + + T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + TimePerLengthUnit + TimePerLengthUnit - - + + - - + + - - - SpecificGasConstant - SpecificGasConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 - 5-26 + CharacterisationEnvironment + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + CharacterisationEnvironment + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - - - - MaterialRelation - A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - MaterialRelation - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - The Lennard-Jones potential. -A force field. -An Hamiltonian. + + + + + LinearExpansionCoefficient + Relative change of length per change of temperature. + LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 + 5-3.1 + Relative change of length per change of temperature. - + - + + - - + + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - AreaDensity - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + + AreaTimeUnit + AreaTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + - + - + - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - CausalChain - Elementary - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. - hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. +ISO 80000-1 + Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. + +Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. + Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. + +For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. + +However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. + +For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + +As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). + — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, +— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and +— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. +ISO 80000-1 + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - + - + - - - - - Velocity - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + + Mobility + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + Mobility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 + 10-61 + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 + --- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + + + + + InternalConversionFactor + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + InternalConversionCoefficient + InternalConversionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 + 10-35 + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + --- IEC, note 1 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + + + + ConventionalProperty + A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + ConventionalProperty + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. --- ISO 80000-3 - Velocity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. +If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. + +Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. + + + + + + + + + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 + 12-36.1 + --- ISO 80000-3 - 3-8.1 - 3‑10.1 + + + + + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 + 12-36.3 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - + - - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + + + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 + 12-36.2 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - + - + + + RollingResistanceFactor + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + RollingResistanceFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 + 4-23.3 + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + + + + + + - - + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - LuminousIntensity - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - LuminousIntensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity - 7-14 - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + + VolumePerTemperatureUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit - + - - LightAndRadiationQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - LightAndRadiationQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + + + RestMass + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + InvariantMass + ProperMass + RestMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity + 10-2 + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass - - + + - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AngularMomentumUnit - AngularMomentumUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicsOfInteraction - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - PhysicsOfInteraction - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + + + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - - - - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + + + + ChipboardManufacturing + ChipboardManufacturing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalInteraction - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - FundamentalInteraction - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + + + + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - - - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - Demontage - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Characterisation + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. - + - - - MaterialTreatment - esce workpiece - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - DIN 8580:2020 - Stoffeigenschaft ändern - WorkPieceTreatment - MaterialTreatment - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - Has shaped bodies as input and output. + + CeramicSintering + CeramicSintering - + + + + + + + - - PropagationCoefficient - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - PropagationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 - 3-26.3 - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - - - - - - - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 - 9-29 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 + Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". + Time + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + 3-7 + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - + - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - - - - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography - + + + + NominalProperty + "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." - - - - RotationalFrequency - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - RotationalFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 - 3-17.2 - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - +"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." - - - GluonType4 - GluonType4 +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + NominalProperty + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + +A color is a nominal property. + +Sex of a human being. + nominal property - - - - - - - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 - 12-36.1 + + + + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - - - - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 - 12-36.3 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalParticle + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + CausalParticle + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - + - - - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 - 12-36.2 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + + + HelmholtzEnergy + HelmholtzFreeEnergy + HelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 + 5-20.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 - + - - - HartreeEnergy - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - HartreeEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree - 10-8 - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 + + + + + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - - - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + + + + MetallicPowderSintering + MetallicPowderSintering - - - - - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. + + + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. - - - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. - HolisticTemporalPart - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. + + + + + MeanLinearRange + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + MeanLinearRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 + 10-56 + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron + + + + DisplacementCurrent + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + DisplacementCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 + 6-19.1 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - + - - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. + + + MassFractionOfWater + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + MassFractionOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 + 5-31 + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - - - - - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + + + + + MassFraction + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction + 9-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - + - + - - SpecificVolume - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - MassicVolume - SpecificVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 - 4-3 - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - - - - - - SizeDefinedMaterial - SizeDefinedMaterial + + ParticleSourceDensity + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + ParticleSourceDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 + 10-66 + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - + - - - PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - PlanckConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 + + CurrentLinkage + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + CurrentLinkage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 + 6-37.4 + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - + - - - - - - - - - AngularMomentum - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum - 4-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 + + Height + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + Height + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Height + 3-1.3 + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height - + - + - - MomentOfIntertia - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - MomentOfIntertia - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 - 4-7 - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 + + MagneticVectorPotential + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + MagneticVectorPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 + 6-32 + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - + - + - TotalMassStoppingPower - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - MassStoppingPower - TotalMassStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 - 10-55 - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 + 10-41 + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - - + + - - + + - Structural - Structural - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricInductance - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - Inductance - ElectricInductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 - 6-41.1 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - - - - - Flanging - Flanging - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - AbsorbedDose - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - 10-81.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 + Data + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 + Contrast + Dedomena + Pattern + Data + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. - + - - - SpecificEnergyImparted - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - SpecificEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 - 10-81.2 - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - - - - - + + - - + + T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Existent - 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - -'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - -This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. - -e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. - -By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. - -Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. - Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. - -Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. - true - Existent - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + + AreaSquareTimeUnit + AreaSquareTimeUnit - - - - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. + + + + CSharp + C# + CSharp - - - - - RawData - - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - RawData - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. - In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. - In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + + + + + + + + + + + + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. + Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). - + - - - CountingUnit - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - CountingUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM - 1 - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - Unit of atomic number -Unit of number of cellular -Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + + + + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - - - - - - - - - - - SurfaceActivityDensity - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - SurfaceActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 - 10-30 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + + + + + + EndTile + EndTile - - + + - - + + - - - Compressibility - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - Compressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 - 4-20 - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - + - + + - - + + T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - Luminance - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 + + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - - - - - ConstitutiveProcess - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - ConstitutiveProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - Blood circulation in a human body. - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + + + + + VacuumElectricPermittivity + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + PermittivityOfVacuum + VacuumElectricPermittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum + 6-14.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - - - - Soldering - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - Löten - Soldering + + + + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - + - - - - - - - - SolubilityProduct - For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - SolubilityProductConstant - SolubilityProduct - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 + + + LongRangeOrderParameter + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + LongRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 + 12-5.2 + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - + - - Hazard - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - Hazard - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + AdSV + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - MagneticQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - MagneticQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 - 10-13.4 - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + + + + StrippingVoltammetry + + Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. + Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. + Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. + Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. + Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + StrippingVoltammetry + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - QuantumNumber - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - QuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 - 10-13.1 - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 + 10-78.2 + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - - - - SamplePreparationParameter - - Parameter used for the sample preparation process - SamplePreparationParameter - Parameter used for the sample preparation process + + + + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - + - - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y - - - - OutlierRemoval - - Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. - OutlierRemoval - Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. + + + + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. - + - - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + + + + + MeanEnergyImparted + Expectation value of the energy imparted. + MeanEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 + 10-80.2 + Expectation value of the energy imparted. - + - - - LogarithmicDecrement - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - LogarithmicDecrement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 - 3-25 - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + + ActivePower + Average power over a period. + ActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 + 6-56 + Average power over a period. - - - - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). -A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. + + + + + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - - - - - - - - - - - MassieuFunction - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - MassieuFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 - 5-22 - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + + + + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. + +-- VIM + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - - + + - T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - SquarePressureTimeUnit - SquarePressureTimeUnit + AmountConcentrationUnit + AmountConcentrationUnit - - - - - StandardAbsoluteActivity - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 - 9-23 - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + + + + Molds + Molds - - - - - AbsoluteActivity - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - AbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 - 9-18 - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 + + + + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. - -On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). - -The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). + + + SurfaceActivityDensity + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + SurfaceActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 + 10-30 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - - - - - - - - - - - - SemioticObject - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + + + + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + HTML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language + -The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. + + + + 3DPrinting + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + 3DPrinting + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + -In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - Object - SemioticObject - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + + + + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + GenerativeManufacturing + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - + + + + + + + + + + - - Wavenumber - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - Repetency - Wavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - 3-20 - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - + + Velocity + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. - - - - - PreparedSample - The sample after a preparation process. - PreparedSample - The sample after a preparation process. - +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. - - - - Nailing - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - Nageln - Nailing - +-- IEC, note 1 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. - - - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. +-- ISO 80000-3 + Velocity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3-8.1 + 3‑10.1 - - - - - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + + + + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + Unix shell. +Batch programming languages. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language - + - - - - RelativeHumidity - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. - RelativeHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 - 5-33 - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity + + + ElementaryCharge + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + ElementaryCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge + 10-5.1 + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - + - - - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + + DoseEquivalentRate + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + DoseEquivalentRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 + 10-83.2 + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - + - - + - - T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + - - AmountPerMassPressureUnit - AmountPerMassPressureUnit + + + + + ElectricPotential + The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar +field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + ElectroStaticPotential + ElectricPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential + 6-11.1 + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - - - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + + + + + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 + 12-15.1 + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - - - AntiTau - AntiTau + + + + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - + - - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - - - - - - - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - - - - - - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. -This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. - The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. - MereologicalState - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. - -If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. + + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - ParallelWorkflow - ParallelWorkflow + + + + + MassFractionOfDryMatter + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 + 5-32 + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - + - - CentrifugalCasting - CentrifugalCasting + + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - + - - ConventionalProperty - A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - ConventionalProperty - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. + + + CountingUnit + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + CountingUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM + 1 + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + Unit of atomic number +Unit of number of cellular +Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + -If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + HolisticPart + Part + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + -Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - - - - - ThermoelectricVoltage - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - ThermoelectricVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 - 12-20 - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownQuark + DownQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark - + - - Voltage - Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. - The difference in electric potential between two points. - ElectricPotentialDifference - ElectricTension - Voltage - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage - 6-11.3 - The difference in electric potential between two points. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 + + Distance + Distance is the norm of Displacement. + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + Distance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance + 3-1.8 + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance - - - - - - - T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + + + + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + .ini files + Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages - + - + - - MagneticDipoleMoment - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: - - W = g μ M B - -where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. - --- ISO 80000 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - ΔW = −μ · B - MagneticDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 - 10-9.1 - 6-30 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - ΔW = −μ · B - http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 + + ThermalDiffusivity + ThermalDiffusionCoefficient + ThermalDiffusivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 + 5-14 - + - - Thermogravimetry - - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - TGA - Thermogravimetry - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - + - - TensileTesting + + OpticalTesting - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - TensionTest - TensileTesting - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + OpticalTesting - + + + + + DebyeWallerFactor + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + DebyeWallerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 + 12-8 + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + + + + + CausalConvexSystem + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + CausalConvexSystem + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + + + - - FlameCutting - FlameCutting + + Filling + Filling - + - - - - - - - - - - - - AtomicMass - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - AtomicMass - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - 10-4.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 + + + Degenerency + Multiplicity + Degenerency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 + 9-36.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 - + + + + ElectroSinterForging + ElectroSinterForging + + + - - - KineticFrictionForce - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - DynamicFrictionForce - KineticFrictionForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 - 4-9.4 - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + + + ThermalDiffusionRatio + ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 + 9-40.1 - - - - Viscometry - - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - Viscosity - Viscometry - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + + + Ruby + Ruby - - - - - - - T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SquareTimePerMassUnit - SquareTimePerMassUnit + + + + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. @@ -13983,1314 +14073,1341 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m DownQuarkType - + + + + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + ShotPeening + Verfestigungsstrahlen + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + + + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit - - + + + GluonType6 + GluonType6 + + + + + + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + Product + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + + + + - - - 1 + + ∇ + + Gradient + Gradient + + + + + + DifferentialOperator + DifferentialOperator + + + + + + MutualInductance + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + MutualInductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 + 6-41.2 + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + + - - - 1 + + - - QuantityValue - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). + + + ElectricInductance + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + Inductance + ElectricInductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 + 6-41.1 + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + -So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + + + + + Lethargy + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + Lethargy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 + 10-69 + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + -While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. - QuantityValue - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - 6.8 m -0.9 km -8 K -6 MeV -43.5 HRC(150 kg) - quantity value - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + + + CeramicMaterial + CeramicMaterial - - - - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + + + + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + EDS + EDX + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + + + + + RedStrangeAntiQuark + RedStrangeAntiQuark + + + + + + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + + + + + + + + MagneticMoment + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + MagneticAreaMoment + MagneticMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 + 6-23 + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 - + - T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthMassUnit - LengthMassUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - - - - HardnessTesting - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - HardnessTesting - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + + + + PositionVector + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + PositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) + 3-1.10 + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) - - - - - - - - - - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - 2DArray - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + + + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - Array - Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. + + + + Foaming + Foaming + -See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. - Array - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, -a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, -an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, -and so forth... + + + + + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 + 10-32 + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - - - - MetallicPowderSintering - MetallicPowderSintering + + + + + DebyeTemperature + DebyeTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 + 12-11 - - - - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + + + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson - + + + + IsochoricHeatCapacity + Heat capacity at constant volume. + HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume + IsochoricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 + 5-16.3 + Heat capacity at constant volume. + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - BlueQuark - BlueQuark - - - - - - MeasurementParameter - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - MeasurementParameter - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - - - - - - Parameter - A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. - Parameter - Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation - - - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PerAreaUnit - PerAreaUnit - - - - - - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - Unit for amount fraction. - - - - - - - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Artifact - Engineered - TangibleProduct - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Car, tire, composite material. - - - - - - Colloid - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - Colloid - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - - - - - - SamplePreparationInstrument - - SamplePreparationInstrument - - - - - - - - - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PermittivityUnit - PermittivityUnit + CharmQuark + CharmQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark - - - - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + + Positron + Positron - + - + + - - + + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - AmountOfSubstance - "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." - --- SI Brochure - The number of elementary entities present. - AmountOfSubstance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance - 9-2 - The number of elementary entities present. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - - - - - - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + + AmountPerMassUnit + AmountPerMassUnit - + - - - ResonanceEnergy - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - ResonanceEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 - 10-37.2 - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + + + + RollingResistance + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + RollingDrag + RollingFrictionForce + RollingResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 + 4-9.5 + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - - - - LevelOfAutomation - Describes the level of automation of the test. - LevelOfAutomation - Describes the level of automation of the test. + + + + ShearForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + Schubumformen + ShearForming - - - - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - EDS - EDX - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + + + + + + + + + + + ModulusOfCompression + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + BulkModulus + ModulusOfCompression + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 + 4-19.3 + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - - - BlueTopAntiQuark - BlueTopAntiQuark + + + + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - + - - NonActivePower - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - NonActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 - 6-61 - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + + + + + T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricChargePerMassUnit + ElectricChargePerMassUnit - + - - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - - - - - - GravitySintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - Loose-powderSintering - PressurelessSintering - GravitySintering + + + BraggAngle + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + BraggAngle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 + 12-4 + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - + - - - Kerma - Kinetic energy released per mass. - Kerma - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 - 10-86.1 - Kinetic energy released per mass. - - - - - WPositiveBoson - WPositiveBoson + + + + + + + + + ElectronDensity + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + ElectronDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 + 12-29.1 + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - - - - GammaSpectrometry - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - GammaSpectrometry - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + + + + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze + Tieftemperaturbehandeln + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + + - Boolean - A boolean number. - Boolean - A boolean number. + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - + - - - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 - 9-27.3 + + Wavenumber + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + 3-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - + + - - - - - - + + - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + - - Stress - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress - 4-15 + + Hyperon + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + Hyperon + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon - - - - + + + - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassUnit - MassUnit - - - - - - - MassConcentrationOfWater - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. - MassConcentrationOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 - 5-27 - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + + + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - + - - - - - T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 + 10-13.8 + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 - - - RichardsonConstantUnit - RichardsonConstantUnit + + + + Dielectrometry + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + Dielectrometry + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - Aerogel + + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - - - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson + + + + ICI + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + ICI + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - - - - SampleExtractionInstrument - - SampleExtractionInstrument + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + Job + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - + - - - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + + + ElectricSusceptibility + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + ElectricSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 + 6-16 + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility - - - - DisplacementCurrent - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - DisplacementCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 - 6-19.1 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + + + + UnitOne + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + Unitless + UnitOne + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Refractive index or volume fraction. + Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. - - - - - - - - - - - SpecificActivity - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - MassicActivity - SpecificActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 - 10-28 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 + + + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + + + + + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - - + + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - PowerDensityUnit - PowerDensityUnit + PermeabilityUnit + PermeabilityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - Persistence - The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): -- object (focus on spatial configuration) -- process (focus on temporal evolution) - -The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. - -For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. - -Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. + + + + + AngularWavenumber + Magnitude of the wave vector. + AngularRepetency + AngularWavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 + 3-22 + Magnitude of the wave vector. + -This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + + + + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM + Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing + -The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. - The union of the object or process classes. - Persistence - The union of the object or process classes. + + + + + Expression + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + Expression + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - + - - - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - AreicHeatFlowRate - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 - 5-8 - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 + + + NeutronYieldPerFission + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + NeutronYieldPerFission + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 + 10-74.1 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - - - - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - f(x) > 0 + + + + + + + + + + + EnergyFluenceRate + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + EnergyFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 + 10-47 + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - + - DimensionalUnit - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + + SolidAngle + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + SolidAngle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + 3-6 + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 + -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - DimensionalUnit - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + + + + + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 + 10-70 + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + + + + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + + + + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - - - ContinuumSubstance - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - ContinuumSubstance - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + + + + + + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + -A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. + + + + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - - - - + + + - - T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + + + Array3D + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + 3DArray + Array3D + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyUnit - EnergyUnit - - - - - - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - - - - - - - EffectiveMass - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - EffectiveMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 - 12-30 - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - - - - - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon + CapacitancePerLengthUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthUnit - LengthUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit - + - - - - - - + + - - NumberOfElements - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. - NumberOfElements - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - - - - - - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 - 10-13.7 - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + + + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 + 10-87 + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process - -me -> interpreter -cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) -the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant -"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign + ResemblanceIcon + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). + ResemblanceIcon + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - - + + - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - JosephsonConstantUnit - JosephsonConstantUnit - - - - - - - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - Modelling - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. - - - - - - ShearCutting - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - Scherschneiden - ShearCutting - - - - - - - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - FermiAnglularRepetency - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 - 12-9.2 - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + MassUnit + MassUnit - + - - ThermodynamicEfficiency - ThermalEfficiency - ThermodynamicEfficiency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 - 5-25.1 - - - - - - - - RollingResistance - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - RollingDrag - RollingFrictionForce - RollingResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 - 4-9.5 - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + AreicHeatFlowRate + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 + 5-8 + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 - + - - - RollingResistanceFactor - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - RollingResistanceFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 - 4-23.3 - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - - - - - - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - - - - - + + - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - - - - - - Polishing - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - Polishing - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - - - - - - Gluing - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - Kleben - Gluing + + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) - - - - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + + + + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - + + + + + + + + - - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 - 10-74.2 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + NuclearMagneton + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + NuclearMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 + 10-9.3 + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 - - - - DynamicLightScattering - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - DLS - DynamicLightScattering - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ThirdGenerationFermion + ThirdGenerationFermion - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + WeakBoson + WeakBoson + + + - - - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - GrandPartionFunction - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 - 9-35.3 + + ElectricReactance + The imaginary part of the impedance. + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + Reactance + ElectricReactance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 + 6-51.3 + The imaginary part of the impedance. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 - - - - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - Mud + + + + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + Unit for plane angle. - + - - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze - Tieftemperaturbehandeln - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + VaporDeposition + VaporDeposition - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cognition - IconSemiosis - Cognition + + + + FormingFromGas + FormingFromGas - - - - - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 - 12-15.1 - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + + + MuonAntiNeutrino + MuonAntiNeutrino - - - - - MeanFreePath - The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - MeanFreePath - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 - 9-38 - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 + + + + + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - - PhotochemicalProcesses - PhotochemicalProcesses + + + + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. - + + + + + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. + + + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + + + - - - NumberOfEntities - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - NumberOfEntities - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 - 9-1 - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 + + + + + T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PerEnergyUnit + PerEnergyUnit - - - - - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - State - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. + + + + + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - - - - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - VerfestigendurchWalzen - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + + + + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - - - - Milling - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - Milling - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson - + - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - DensityUnit - DensityUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit - - + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + - GasMixture - GasMixture - + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process - - - - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - PSA - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential +me -> interpreter +cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) +the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant +"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - + - - SourceVoltage - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - SourceTension - SourceVoltage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 - 6-36 - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + + + + + + + + + MagneticFlux + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + MagneticFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux + 6-22.1 + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - - - BlueBottomAntiQuark - BlueBottomAntiQuark + + + + Gathering + Gathering - - - - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - IndustrialPlant - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + + + + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - + + + + SizeDefinedMaterial + SizeDefinedMaterial + + + + + + AlgebricExpression + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + AlgebricExpression + 2x+3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + CelsiusTemperature + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + CelsiusTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature + 5-2 + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 + + + - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - AngularFrequencyUnit - AngularFrequencyUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - IsobaricHeatCapacity - Heat capacity at constant pressure. - HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure - IsobaricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 - 5-16.2 - Heat capacity at constant pressure. + + + + + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - - - - - MolarGibbsEnergy - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - MolarGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 - 9-6.4 - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + + + + ParallelWorkflow + ParallelWorkflow - - - BlueCharmQuark - BlueCharmQuark + + + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - - + + + + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + GITT + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + + + + + - - - + + - Sign - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - -A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). - -Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: -- symbols: that stand for an object through convention -- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity -- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - Sign - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). - -Each of them are 'sign'-s. + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon + -A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BottomAntiQuark + BottomAntiQuark + -The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivity + Property of a solute in a solution. + StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 + 9-26 + Property of a solute in a solution. + -For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. + + + + + AbsoluteActivity + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + AbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 + 9-18 + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 @@ -15302,1788 +15419,1651 @@ For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math s Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - - - - DataProcessingApplication - DataProcessingApplication + + + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + TimeUnit + TimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + + + + + + + + + + + ScalarMagneticPotential + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + ScalarMagneticPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 + 6-37.1 + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - + - - MutualInductance - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - MutualInductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 - 6-41.2 - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + RotationalFrequency + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + RotationalFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 + 3-17.2 + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - - - - - - - - - - - - Data - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 - Contrast - Dedomena - Pattern - Data - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. - + + + + MeasuringInstrument + A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - - - - - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - +-- VIM + MeasuringInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - - - - SecondaryData - - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Elaborated data - SecondaryData - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Deconvoluted curves - Intensity maps +-- VIM + measuring instrument - - - - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + PerAmountUnit + PerAmountUnit - + - - ShearForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - Schubumformen - ShearForming - - - - - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + Demontage + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - - - - - Gyroradius - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - LarmorRadius - Gyroradius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 - 10-17 - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + + + + MergingManufacturing + AddingManufacturing + MergingManufacturing - + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LuminanceUnit - LuminanceUnit - - - - - - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + AngularFrequencyUnit + AngularFrequencyUnit - + - - PostProcessingModel - Mathematical model used to process data. - Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - PostProcessingModel - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + IMC + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - - - - - - - - - - Momentum - Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum - 4-8 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 + + + + Numeral + Numeral - - + + - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaDensityUnit - AreaDensityUnit + ElectricChargeUnit + ElectricChargeUnit - - - FunctionalIcon - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. - FunctionalIcon - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). - A guinea pig. - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + + + + UndefinedEdgeCutting + Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden + UndefinedEdgeCutting - - - + + + + + + + + + + + Semiotics + Semiotics + + + + + + Planing + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + Hobeln + Planing + + + + + - - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MagneticReluctivityUnit - MagneticReluctivityUnit + + + + DensityOfVibrationalStates + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + DensityOfVibrationalStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 + 12-12 + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + + + + Exponent + Exponent - - - - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + + + + AlgebricOperator + AlgebricOperator - - - - Osmometry - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - Osmometry - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + + + + + + + + + + + MassieuFunction + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + MassieuFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 + 5-22 + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaTemperatureUnit - AreaTemperatureUnit + FrequencyUnit + FrequencyUnit + + + + + + + DisplacementVector + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + DisplacementVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 + 12-7.3 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - - - - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + + + + + + + + + + SolubilityProduct + For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + SolubilityProductConstant + SolubilityProduct + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - CatalyticActivityUnit - CatalyticActivityUnit - - - - - - - - / - - - - Division - Division + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - + - + - ScalarMagneticPotential - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - ScalarMagneticPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 - 6-37.1 - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - - - - - - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - ShotPeening - Verfestigungsstrahlen - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - - - - - - - Guess - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - Guess - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - - - - - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. - -This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. - -A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. - -e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The beauty of that girl. -The style of your clothing. - - - - - - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - SQL, SPARQL - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language - - - - - - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages - - - - - - InterferenceFitting - InterferenceFitting + MagneticReluctance + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + Reluctance + MagneticReluctance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 + 6-39 + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - - - - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + + + DampingCoefficient + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + DampingCoefficient + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 + 3-24 + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - - - - - Attenuation - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - Extinction - Attenuation - 3-26.1 - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiLepton + AntiLepton - + - T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - MassPerElectricChargeUnit + LengthTimeCurrentUnit + LengthTimeCurrentUnit - + - - - - - - - - VolumicTotalCrossSection - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - VolumicTotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 - 10-42.2 - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - - - - - - MeasuringInstrument - A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - MeasuringInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - measuring instrument - - - - - - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + + MassDefect + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + MassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 + 10-21.2 + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - - + + - - + + - - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + + + EquilibriumPositionVector + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + EquilibriumPositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 + 12-7.2 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - - - + + + + - - + + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - Tessellation - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - Tiling - Tessellation - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - - - - - ElementaryFermion - ElementaryFermion - - - - - - Magnetizing - Magnetizing + + PerAreaTimeUnit + PerAreaTimeUnit - - - - Height - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - Height - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Height - 3-1.3 - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height + + + + + + + T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + RichardsonConstantUnit + RichardsonConstantUnit - - - - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - NonIntentionalProcess - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + + + + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - LightScattering - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - LightScattering - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + + HPPC + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + HPPC + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - - - - Impedimetry - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - Impedimetry - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Rolling + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + Walzen + Rolling - + - + + + StandardChemicalPotential + StandardChemicalPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 + 9-21 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 + + + + + - IsothermalCompressibility - IsothermalCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 - 5-5.1 + GibbsEnergy + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + GibbsFreeEnergy + GibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 + 5-20.5 + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 - + + + + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + - + - - EnergyFluence - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - EnergyFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 - 10-46 - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - - - - - - VaporDeposition - VaporDeposition - - - - - - FormingFromGas - FormingFromGas - - - - - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + + Permeance + Inverse of the reluctance. + Permeance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 + 6-40 + Inverse of the reluctance. - + - - - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MagneticPotentialUnit - MagneticPotentialUnit + + + MolarEnthalpy + MolarEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 + Enthalpy per amount of substance. + 9-6.2 - + - + - MassExcess - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - MassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 - 10-21.1 - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 + 10-52 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - - - RedCharmAntiQuark - RedCharmAntiQuark + + + + BlowMolding + BlowMolding - - - - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + + + + + WorkFunction + Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + ElectronWorkFunction + WorkFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 + 12-24.1 + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 - + - - BlowMolding - BlowMolding + + Cleaning + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + Cleaning - - - - FormingFromPlastic - FormingFromPlastic + + + + + + + T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - LinkedFlux - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - LinkedFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 - 6-22.2 - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + + + + Milling + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + Fräsen + Milling - - + + - - + + - - - MagneticFlux - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - MagneticFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - 6-22.1 - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - - - - - - TotalCurrent - Sum of electric current and displacement current - TotalCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 - 6-19.2 - Sum of electric current and displacement current + + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + MeasurementParameterAdjustment + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Adjustment - - + + - T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerMassUnit - ElectricChargePerMassUnit + EntropyUnit + EntropyUnit - + - - - POH - Written as pOH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - POH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + + + RadiantEnergy + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + RadiantEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 + 10-45 + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - - - - PH - At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: -pH < 7 are acidic; -pH = 7 are neutral; -pH > 7 are alkaline. -At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - Written as pH - PH - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 - For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 + + + + + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - - - - DrawForms - DrawForms + + + + Colloid + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + Colloid + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - + + + + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + f(x) > 0 + + + + + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + Unit for mass fraction. + + + + + + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + + + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyPerAmountUnit - EnergyPerAmountUnit + LorenzNumberUnit + LorenzNumberUnit - + - + - - ParticleSourceDensity - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - ParticleSourceDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 - 10-66 - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + + SpecificVolume + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + MassicVolume + SpecificVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 + 4-3 + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - - - PhysicalyUnbonded - PhysicalyUnbonded + + + + XrdGrazingIncidence + + XrdGrazingIncidence - - - - - - - - - - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + + + + FiberboardManufacturing + FiberboardManufacturing + + + + + + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - - + + - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerPressureUnit - PerPressureUnit + AngularMomentumUnit + AngularMomentumUnit - + + + MetallicMaterial + MetallicMaterial + + + + + + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + + + + + + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + SIMS + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + + + - - - RelativePermittivity - Permittivity divided by electric constant. - RelativePermittivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 - 6-15 - Permittivity divided by electric constant. + + + + + + + + + BurgersVector + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + BurgersVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 + 12-6 + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - - + + - T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + MassPerAmountUnit + MassPerAmountUnit - + - - - - - - - - - MagnetomotiveForce - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - MagnetomotiveForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 - 6-37.3 - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + + + LogarithmicDecrement + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + LogarithmicDecrement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 + 3-25 + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiNeutrinoType - AntiNeutrinoType + ElementaryFermion + ElementaryFermion - + - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - derived quantity + + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - + - - ThermalUtilizationFactor - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 - 10-76 - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + + LarmonFrequency + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + LarmonFrequency + 10-15.2 + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - + + + GreenUpAntiQuark + GreenUpAntiQuark + + + - - FormingBlasting - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - Umformstrahlen - FormingBlasting + + Cementing + Cementing - + - - - - - - - + - ModulusOfRigidity - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - ShearModulus - ModulusOfRigidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 - 4-19.2 - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 + DragCoefficient + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + DragFactor + DragCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 + 4-23.4 + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeBoson - CompositeBoson - Examples of composite particles with integer spin: -spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion -spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson -spin 2: O15 in ground state. + + + + + SlowingDownArea + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + SlowingDownArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 + 10-72.1 + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + + + + + + SparkPlasmaSintering + SparkPlasmaSintering + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BottomQuark + BottomQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark - - - - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + NonIntentionalProcess + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - + - - SpecificGibbsEnergy - Gibbs energy per unit mass. - SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 - 5-21.5 - Gibbs energy per unit mass. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SampleInspection - - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - SampleInspection - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. + + + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 + 10-60 + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - + - T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 - MassFluxUnit - MassFluxUnit + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - + - + - - ModulusOfCompression - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - BulkModulus - ModulusOfCompression - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 - 4-19.3 - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + KinematicViscosity + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + KinematicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 + 4-25 + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 - - - - - MobilityRatio - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - MobilityRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 - 12-31 - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + + + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A biography. + A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - - + + - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - EntropyPerMassUnit - EntropyPerMassUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - + + + + + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 + 6-38 + + + - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + RedBottomQuark + RedBottomQuark - - - - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - STM - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + + + + + PropagationCoefficient + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + PropagationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 + 3-26.3 + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - + - - DampingCoefficient - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - DampingCoefficient - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 - 3-24 - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + + + QualityFactor + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 + 6-53 + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - - - - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricConductanceUnit + ElectricConductanceUnit - - - - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - DPV - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + LaserCutting + LaserCutting - + - - Presses - Presses + + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + Thermisches Abtragen + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + + + + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + QuenchingAndTempering + Vergüten + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + + + + + + + + + + + + + CompositeFermion + CompositeFermion + Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: +spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron +spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) - - - - Heteronuclear - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Heteronuclear - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). + + + + + + AngularMeasure + The abstract notion of angle. + AngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 + 3-5 + The abstract notion of angle. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - + - T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - - - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - SquareWaveVoltammetry - - Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. - The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped - The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - OSWV - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry - SWV - SquareWaveVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + BlueUpAntiQuark + BlueUpAntiQuark - + - GreenStrangeQuark - GreenStrangeQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - - - - CSharp - C# - CSharp + + + + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - - - - Synchrotron - - Synchrotron + + + + + Kerma + Kinetic energy released per mass. + Kerma + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 + 10-86.1 + Kinetic energy released per mass. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - KnownConstant - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - KnownConstant - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - π refers to the constant number ~3.14 + + + + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + FTIR + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - - - - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + + + + Spacing + Spacing - - - - Broadcast - Broadcast + + + + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + App + Application + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. - + - - - RelativeMassExcess - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 - 10-22.1 - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + + + + + + + + + LatticeVector + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + LatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 + 12-1.1 + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - - - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + + + + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + IndustrialPlant + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - - - - Nexafs - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - Nexafs - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + + + + GapEnergy + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + BandgapEnergy + GapEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 + 12-27.2 + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 - - - - BondedAtom - A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. - -In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. - This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. - BondedAtom - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + + + + + MechanicalEfficiency + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + MechanicalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 + 4-29 + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - + - + - - - MolecularConcentration - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - MolecularConcentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 - 9-9.2 - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + + ThermalConductance + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + ThermalConductance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 + 5-13 + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 - + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit - - - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + + + TauAntiNeutrino + TauAntiNeutrino - - - - HardeningByDrawing - HardeningByDrawing + + + + ThreePointBendingTesting + + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + ThreePointFlexuralTest + ThreePointBendingTesting + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test - + - - SparkPlasmaSintering - SparkPlasmaSintering - - - - - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + + HandlingDevice + HandlingDevice - + + - - ShortRangeOrderParameter - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - ShortRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 - 12-5.1 - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + DegreeOfDissociation + Dissociation may occur stepwise. + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + DissociationFraction + DegreeOfDissociation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 + 9-43 + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 - + - - + - - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + - - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + + + + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 + 6-9 + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeFermion - CompositeFermion - Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: -spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron -spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) + + + + RadiusOfCurvature + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + RadiusOfCurvature + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature + 3-1.12 + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature - - - - ActivePower - Average power over a period. - ActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 - 6-56 - Average power over a period. + + + + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - - - - - FermiTemperature - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - FermiTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 - 12-28 - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + + + + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - - - - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + + + + BPMNDiagram + BPMNDiagram + + + + + + ShearCutting + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + Scherschneiden + ShearCutting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson + + + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + base quantity - - - - - PartialPressure - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - PartialPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 - 9-19 - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 + + + MultiParticlePath + MultiParticlePath - - - RedCharmQuark - RedCharmQuark + + + + SpecificationLanguage + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + SpecificationLanguage + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language - - - - - - - - - - - Acceleration - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration - 3-9.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 + + + + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - - - GreenCharmAntiQuark - GreenCharmAntiQuark + + + + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + Unit for solid angle. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + + + - + + - - + + T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - ChemicalAffinity - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 - 9-30 - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 + + VolumePerMassUnit + VolumePerMassUnit - + + - - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 - 12-29.3 - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 + 12-15.2 + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - + - - - - - - - - - Radioactivity - Decays per unit time. - RadioactiveActivity - Radioactivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - Decays per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - - - - - - SampleInspectionInstrument - - SampleInspectionInstrument + + + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + NuclearGFactor + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 + 10-14.2 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - + - - - - - - - + - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 - 10-39 - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + LevelWidth + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + LevelWidth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 + 10-26 + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 - + - - - - - - - - - Action - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - Action - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 - 4-32 - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + + Enthalpy + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy + 5.20-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 - - - - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - Phase - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + + + + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalLengthUnit - ReciprocalLengthUnit - - - - - GreenUpQuark - GreenUpQuark + ElectricConductivityUnit + ElectricConductivityUnit - - - - - - - 1 - - - + + + + - - - 2 + + T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron - - - - - BlueUpQuark - BlueUpQuark + + QuarticLengthUnit + QuarticLengthUnit - + - + - + - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton - - - - - - - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 - 10-65 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - - - - - - - RelativeLinearStrain - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - RelativeLinearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 - 4-17.2 - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 - - - - - - MergingManufacturing - AddingManufacturing - MergingManufacturing - - - - - - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - Unix shell. -Batch programming languages. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language + PhysicallyInteractingConvex + PhysicallyInteractingConvex @@ -17106,592 +17086,537 @@ Batch programming languages. Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - - - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + + + + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - + - - - PhaseAngle - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - PhaseAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 - 3-7 - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - - - - - - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson - - - - - - TransportationDevice - TransportationDevice - - - - - - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - Equipment - Machine - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - - - - - - ThermalSprayingForming - ThermalSprayingForming - - - - - - - CoherenceLength - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - CoherenceLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 - 12-38.2 - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - - - - - - - StandardAmountConcentration - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - StandardConcentration - StandardMolarConcentration - StandardAmountConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - 9-12.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 + + + + + + + LinearMassDensity + Mass per length. + LinearDensity + LineicMass + LinearMassDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 + 4-6 + Mass per length. - + - + - - - AmountConcentration - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity - AmountConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + + ParticleFluence + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + ParticleFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 + 10-43 + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - - + + + + + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Mayonnaise, milk. + + + + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - ThirdGenerationFermion - ThirdGenerationFermion + Declaration + ConventionalSemiosis + Declaration - + - - - - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 - - - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + + + ActivityCoefficient + ActivityCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 + 9-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 - - - - - SolidAngularMeasure - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - SolidAngle - SolidAngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - 3-8 - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle + + + + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. + +Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + +Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language - - - - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - Dust, sand storm. + + + + + + + + + + + + Program + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + Executable + Program + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - - - - - AngularWaveNumber - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - AngularRepetency - AngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 - 12-9.1 - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + + + + + DeepDrawing + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + Tiefziehen + DeepDrawing - + - - Wavenumber - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - 3-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + ReactorTimeConstant + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + ReactorTimeConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 + 10-79 + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - - + + - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - + - - - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - OsmoticFactorOfSolvent - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 - 9-27.2 - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Density + Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. + MassConcentration + MassDensity + Density + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density + 4-2 + 9-10 + Mass per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - - - - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + + + + ScanningKelvinProbe + + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + SKB + ScanningKelvinProbe + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - + - - - NonLeakageProbability - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - NonLeakageProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 - 10-77 - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + + + ParticlePositionVector + Position vector of a particle. + ParticlePositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 + 12-7.1 + Position vector of a particle. - + + + + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + CSV + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + - + + - - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 - 10-4.3 - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 + ActivityDensity + Activity per unit volume of the sample. + ActivityConcentration + VolumetricActivity + VolumicActivity + ActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 + 10-29 + Activity per unit volume of the sample. - + - - - PoissonNumber - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - PoissonsRatio - PoissonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 - 4-18 - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + + + NeutronNumber + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + NeutronNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 + 10-1.2 + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 - + - - + - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - MagneticFluxUnit - MagneticFluxUnit - - - - - - - MassFractionOfWater - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - MassFractionOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 - 5-31 - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - - - - - - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - - - - - - - RelativePermeability - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - RelativePermeability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 - 6-27 - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 + + + AtomicMass + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + AtomicMass + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + 10-4.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - - - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson + + + + OpenCircuitHold + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + OCVHold + OpenCircuitHold + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - - - - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - Sparkling water + + + + Potentiometry + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + Potentiometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - - + + - - MagneticMoment - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - MagneticAreaMoment - MagneticMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 - 6-23 - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 + + + CharacterisationSystem + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + CharacterisationSystem + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Measuring system + + + + + + + + + + + + MeasuringSystem + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + MeasuringSystem + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + measuring system - - + + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - NeutralWeakBoson - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - - - - 3DPrinting - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - 3DPrinting - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + EntropyPerMassUnit + EntropyPerMassUnit - - - - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + AES + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountUnit - AmountUnit + AreaDensityUnit + AreaDensityUnit - - + + - - + + - - - ElectronDensity - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - ElectronDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 - 12-29.1 - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + + + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - - - - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + + + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 + 5-16.4 + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - + + + + CentrifugalCasting + CentrifugalCasting + + + + + + + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + + + - + - - BohrMagneton - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - BohrMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 - 10-9.2 - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - - - - - - - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + + MolarVolume + Volume per amount of substance. + MolarVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 + 9-5 + Volume per amount of substance. - - - - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - GITT - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + + + + + GrueneisenParamter + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + GrueneisenParamter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 + 12-14 + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - - - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - FrequencyUnit - FrequencyUnit + + + + LiquidPhaseSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + LiquidPhaseSintering - + - + - + - + @@ -17699,628 +17624,591 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - DownAntiQuark - DownAntiQuark - - - - - - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - VPO - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + UpQuark + UpQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + + + + + ResonanceEscapeProbability + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 + 10-68 + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - + - - + + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + + + + + + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + + - - T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - VolumePerMassUnit - VolumePerMassUnit + + + + + EnergyDensityOfStates + Quantity in condensed matter physics. + EnergyDensityOfStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 + 12-16 + Quantity in condensed matter physics. - - + + + + Calendering + Calendering + + + + - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - MomentumUnit - MomentumUnit - - - - - - - ResidualResistivity - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - ResidualResistivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 - 12-17 - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + MagneticReluctanceUnit + MagneticReluctanceUnit - - - - Interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + + + + Sawing + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + Sägen + Sawing + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - - - - PrimaryData - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - PrimaryData - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. + + + + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 + 10-13.7 + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - + - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - LengthTimeCurrentUnit - LengthTimeCurrentUnit + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - + - - - - - - - - - DiffusionArea - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - DiffusionArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 - 10-72.2 - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + + + ActivityOfSolvent + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + ActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 + 9-27.1 + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - - - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + + + + + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - + - - Weight - Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight - 4-9.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + + + + + + + + + + + + MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicMassNumber + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - + - - CentreOfMass - In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - CentreOfMass - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + + + OsmoticPressure + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + OsmoticPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 + 9-28 + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 - + - - + - - T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + + + + Pressure + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + Pressure + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure + 4-14.1 + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - - - - - ReactorTimeConstant - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - ReactorTimeConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 - 10-79 - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + + + DimensionalUnit + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + DimensionalUnit + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ForceUnit - ForceUnit - - - - - - AlgebricExpression - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression - 2x+3 - - - - - - - Expression - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - Expression - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + + + + + IsentropicExponent + For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. + IsentropicExponent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 + 5-17.2 - + - - IonMobilitySpectrometry - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - IMS - IonMobilitySpectrometry - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - + - - - RestEnergy - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - RestEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 - 10-3 - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + + + PhaseCoefficient + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + PhaseChangeCoefficient + PhaseCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 + 3-26.2 + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy + + + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalConductanceUnit - ThermalConductanceUnit - - - - - - URI - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - URI - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - - + + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AreaUnit - AreaUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - - - - Numeral - Numeral + + + + + + + + + + + ThermalInsulance + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + CoefficientOfThermalInsulance + ThermalInsulance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 + 5-11 + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - + - T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - - - - - - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - FTIR - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - - - RedStrangeAntiQuark - RedStrangeAntiQuark + + + + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + Unit for volume fraction. - + - - - MixingRatio - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. - MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas - MixingRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 - 5-30 - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - + + + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - - - - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - Real part of the impedance. - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 - 6-51.2 - Real part of the impedance. - +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - - - - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - PseudoOCV - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - - - - - HoleDensity - Number of holes in valence band per volume. - HoleDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 - 12-29.2 - Number of holes in valence band per volume. + + + + DrawForms + DrawForms - - - - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + + + + + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - - - - - HardwareManufacturer - - HardwareManufacturer + + + + + RelativeLinearStrain + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + RelativeLinearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 + 4-17.2 + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 - - - - HardwareModel - - HardwareModel + + + + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + Mud - + - + - - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 - 10-51 - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + + SeebeckCoefficient + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + SeebeckCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 + 12-21 + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - + + + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. + + + - - - Cutting - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - Schneiden - Cutting + + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - - - - - TotalAngularMomentum - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - TotalAngularMomentum - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 - 10-11 - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + + + + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - + - + + - - + + T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 - 10-52 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + + ForcePerLengthUnit + ForcePerLengthUnit - - + + - - + + - - FundamentalLatticeVector - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - FundamentalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 - 12-1.2 - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + 1 + + + - - - - - - + + + + - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". + Real + A real number. + Real + A real number. - + - - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron - MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 - 10-12.2 - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + + + + + + + + + Coercivity + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + Coercivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 + 6-31 + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassTemperatureUnit - MassTemperatureUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - + - T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassStoppingPowerUnit - MassStoppingPowerUnit + MassFluxUnit + MassFluxUnit - - - - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + Work + Product of force and displacement. + Work + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work + Product of force and displacement. + 4-28.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + + + + + + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - - CrystallineMaterial - Suggestion of Rickard Armiento - CrystallineMaterial + + + + + + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PermittivityUnit + PermittivityUnit - - - + + - + - + - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + @@ -18333,448 +18221,320 @@ where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a v - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - Suspensions show no significant effect on light. - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Minus - Minus - - - - - - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - EIS - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + GreenAntiQuark + GreenAntiQuark - + - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - LengthPerTemperatureUnit - LengthPerTemperatureUnit + + + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + derived quantity - - - - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - AreicElectricCharge - SurfaceChargeDensity - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 - 6-4 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 + + + WNegativeBoson + WNegativeBoson - + - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - - - - - - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - FE-SEM - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - - - - - - LossAngle - Arctan of the loss factor - LossAngle - https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 - 6-55 - Arctan of the loss factor - - - - - - - KineticFrictionFactor - DynamicFrictionFactor - KineticFrictionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 - 4-23.2 - - - - - - - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Mayonnaise, milk. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SpecificHeatCapacity - Heat capacity divided by mass. - SpecificHeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity - 5-16.1 - Heat capacity divided by mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 - - - - - - FatigueTesting - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - FatigueTesting - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - - - - - - - - - - - - Array3D - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - 3DArray - Array3D - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - - - - - - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - DTA - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - + - - - - ThermalDiffusionFactor - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 - 9-40.2 - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + + + ElectronAffinity + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + ElectronAffinity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 + 12-25 + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - + + + + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalMatterParticle - FundamentalMatterParticle + GreenUpQuark + GreenUpQuark - - - - SampleInspectionParameter - - Parameter used for the sample inspection process - SampleInspectionParameter - Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + + + + RelativePermeability + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + RelativePermeability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 + 6-27 + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 - + - + - - SurfaceMassDensity - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - AreicMass - SurfaceDensity - SurfaceMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 - 4-5 - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + + CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + CatalyticActivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - + - + + - PoyntingVector - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - PoyntingVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 - 6-34 - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + MagnetomotiveForce + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + MagnetomotiveForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 + 6-37.3 + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - - - - - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricPotentialUnit + ElectricPotentialUnit - - - - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - CSV - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - Grinding - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - Schleifen - Grinding + + + + Conductometry + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Conductometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerAreaTimeUnit - PerAreaTimeUnit + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - + - - ComplexPower - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - ComplexApparentPower - ComplexPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 - 6-59 - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + LuminousIntensityUnit + LuminousIntensityUnit - + - - - Activity - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - Activity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 - 10-27 - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PerVolumeUnit + PerVolumeUnit - + - - - VacuumElectricPermittivity - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - PermittivityOfVacuum - VacuumElectricPermittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum - 6-14.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - - - - - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - EnvironmentalData - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StandaloneAtom - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - StandaloneAtom - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + + + + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - + - - - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 - 5-10.2 - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + + VoltagePhasor + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + VoltagePhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 + 6-50 + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - + - + + - - + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - ThermalTransmittance - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 - 5-10.1 - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + + TemperaturePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit - - + + - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - - + + - T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit + + + + + + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + + + + + + ACVoltammetry + + The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + ACV + ACVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + HalfValueThickness + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + HalfValueThickness + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 + 10-53 + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + + + + + + Thickness + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + Thickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 + 3-1.4 + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. @@ -18790,93 +18550,160 @@ where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a v SquareTemperatureUnit - - - - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + + + + + + ThermalDiffusionFactor + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 + 9-40.2 + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - + - - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - BET - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + + RamanSpectroscopy + + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + RamanSpectroscopy + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - - - - + + + + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + + + + + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton + + + + + - - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - TemperatureTimeUnit - TemperatureTimeUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cognition + IconSemiosis + Cognition - + - - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - - - - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + + + + Riveting + Riveting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - - - - - Lethargy - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - Lethargy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 - 10-69 - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + + + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - + + + + FormingFromIonised + FormingFromIonised + + + - + - + - + - + - + - + @@ -18890,387 +18717,388 @@ where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a v - GreenAntiQuark - GreenAntiQuark + BlueQuark + BlueQuark - - - - - - - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + + + CausallHairedSystem + CausallHairedSystem - - - - GroupVelocity - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - GroupSpeed - GroupVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity - 3-23.2 - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity + + + + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - - - - - - - - - - Exposure - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - Exposure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 - 10-88 - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + + + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - - - - ElectricSusceptibility - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - ElectricSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 - 6-16 - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility + + + + + + + + + + + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - - - - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 - 10-13.3 - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + + + + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + PseudoOCV + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - + - - InteractionVolume - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - InteractionVolume - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + + Chronocoulometry + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + Chronocoulometry + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + NSE + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + + + + + + SamplePreparationParameter + + Parameter used for the sample preparation process + SamplePreparationParameter + Parameter used for the sample preparation process + + + - - - AmountFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - MoleFraction - AmountFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + + + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 + 10-33 + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - - - - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + + CyclicVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + CV + CyclicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - LaserCutting - LaserCutting + + + GreenCharmAntiQuark + GreenCharmAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + + + + + PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + PlanckConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - + + - - Hyperon - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - Hyperon - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon + + + Entropy + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy + 5-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - + - - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - - - - StepChronopotentiometry - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - StepChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + + + + + + T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricChargeDensityUnit + ElectricChargeDensityUnit - - - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon + + + + ConductometricTitration + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + ConductometricTitration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - Degenerency - Multiplicity - Degenerency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 - 9-36.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 + + + + + + + + + + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + Theorization + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - - - - - Service - IntangibleProduct - Service - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 + + + + + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - - - - - PhaseCoefficient - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - PhaseChangeCoefficient - PhaseCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 - 3-26.2 - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + + + + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - - - - - RelativeMassDefect - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 - 10-22.2 - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + + + + FormingFromPulp + FormingFromPulp - + - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - - - - - - - NeutronNumber - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - NeutronNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 - 10-1.2 - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 + + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - - + + + - - - - + + + + - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + Persistence + The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): +- object (focus on spatial configuration) +- process (focus on temporal evolution) + +The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. + +For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. + +Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. + +This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + +The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. + The union of the object or process classes. + Persistence + The union of the object or process classes. - - - - Cleaning - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - Cleaning + + + + + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 + 9-6.3 + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - - - - - - ActivityFactor - ActivityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 - 9-22 + + + + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - - - - PowderCoating - PowderCoating + + + + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomQuark - BottomQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark + + + + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography - - - - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 - 10-13.6 - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + + + + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. - - - - - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - EBSD - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + + + + + + HeatFlowRate + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + HeatFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 + 5-7 + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - - - - + + + - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + SemioticEntity + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + +"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). + +The triadic elements: +- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) +- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) +- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + +This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + SemioticEntity + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - + - - IsothermalConversion - IsothermalConversion + + ThermomechanicalTreatment + ThermomechanicalTreatment @@ -19279,344 +19107,222 @@ where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a v BlueBottomQuark - - - - LinearScanVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - LSV - LinearPolarization - LinearSweepVoltammetry - LinearScanVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - RelativeVolumeStrain - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - BulkStrain - VolumeStrain - RelativeVolumeStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 - 4-17.4 - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 - - - - - - - RotationalDisplacement - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - AngularDisplacement - RotationalDisplacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 - 3-6 - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement - - - - - - Width - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. - Breadth - Width - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 - 3-1.2 - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - - - + - - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - -The definition of density as mass/volume. - -y = f(x) + + + + + + + + + + + + ArithmeticExpression + ArithmeticExpression + 2+2 - - - - - MaximumEfficiency - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - CarnotEfficiency - MaximumEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 - 5-25.2 - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + + + + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - + - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + + LinkedFlux + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + LinkedFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 + 6-22.2 + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - + + + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + + + - T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 - 10-18 - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - - - - - - Exponent - Exponent + AmountUnit + AmountUnit - - - - AlgebricOperator - AlgebricOperator + + + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - + - - - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 - 10-64 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - - - - - - NormalPulseVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - NPV - NormalPulseVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - CSS - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language + + RadialDistance + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + RadialDistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 + 3-1.9 + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - - - - - ActiveEnergy - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - ActiveEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 - 6-62 - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + + + + DataProcessingApplication + DataProcessingApplication - + - - SpinQuantumNumber - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - SpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 - 10-13.5 - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + + + PhaseAngle + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + PhaseAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 + 3-7 + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - + - - - Spin - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - Spin - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 - 10-10 - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - - - - - - + - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - PerAmountUnit - PerAmountUnit + + + + Radioactivity + Decays per unit time. + RadioactiveActivity + Radioactivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + Decays per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - + - - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 - 10-15.3 - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - - - - - - - NeelTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - NeelTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 - 12-35.2 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + + MultiplicationFactor + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + MultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 + 10-78.1 + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - + - - Enthalpy - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy - 5.20-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + + + SpecificEnergyImparted + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + SpecificEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 + 10-81.2 + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - + - - - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 - 12-15.2 - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + + GroupVelocity + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + GroupSpeed + GroupVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity + 3-23.2 + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity - + - + + - - + + T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - TotalLinearStoppingPower - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - LinearStoppingPower - TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 - 10-54 - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 + + MassPerLengthTimeUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit - + - - - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 - 10-78.2 - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - - + + - - + + - - - MagneticVectorPotential - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - MagneticVectorPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 - 6-32 - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + + + + + + + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + GrandPartionFunction + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 + 9-35.3 @@ -19626,162 +19332,138 @@ y = f(x) Letter - + + + + + + + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + + + - + - + - - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + PhysicalParticle + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + Particle + PhysicalParticle + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - + - - - - - - - - - Magnetization - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - Magnetization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 - 6-24 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + + + NonLeakageProbability + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + NonLeakageProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 + 10-77 + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + + + + + IonizationEnergy + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + IonizationEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 + 12-24.2 + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 - + - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - LuminousIntensityUnit - LuminousIntensityUnit + + Strain + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + Strain + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain + 4-17.1 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - - - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. + + + + + + + + + + + MolarMass + Mass per amount of substance. + MolarMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 + 9-4 + Mass per amount of substance. - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricResistanceUnit - ElectricResistanceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TopAntiQuark - TopAntiQuark - - - - - - - MeanDurationOfLife - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - MeanLifeTime - MeanDurationOfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 - 10-25 - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + LengthMassUnit + LengthMassUnit - + - + + - - + + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - EnergyFluenceRate - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - EnergyFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 - 10-47 - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - + - + - + - + @@ -19789,503 +19471,526 @@ y = f(x) - ElectronType - ElectronType + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiQuark + AntiQuark - + - + + - - + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - PeltierCoefficient - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - PeltierCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 - 12-22 - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - - - - - - VoltagePhasor - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - VoltagePhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 - 6-50 - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - - - - - - - LandeFactor - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - GFactorOfAtom - LandeFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 - 10-14.1 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + + LengthTemperatureUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit - - - - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + + + BlueStrangeQuark + BlueStrangeQuark - + - + - - - Volume - Extent of an object in space. - Volume - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - 3-4 + + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 + 10-51 + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - + - - - LongRangeOrderParameter - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - LongRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 - 12-5.2 - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - + + + + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + + + - + - - - ElectricDipoleMoment - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - ElectricDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 - 6-6 - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 + + DynamicViscosity + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + Viscosity + DynamicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 + 4-24 + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 - - - - Porosity - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - Porosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 + + + ResourceIdentifier + + ResourceIdentifier - - - BlueDownAntiQuark - BlueDownAntiQuark + + + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex - - - - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - NSE - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + + + + ModulusOfImpedance + ModulusOfImpedance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 + 6-51.4 - + - - SpecificInternalEnergy - Internal energy per unit mass. - SpecificInternalEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 - 5-21.2 - Internal energy per unit mass. + + + + + + + + + PeltierCoefficient + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + PeltierCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 + 12-22 + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + + + + + + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - + - - - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 - 10-34 - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + FermiAnglularRepetency + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 + 12-9.2 + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - - + + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - - - - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + + + StepChronopotentiometry + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + StepChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - - - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. + + + + Width + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. + Breadth + Width + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 + 3-1.2 + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - + + + + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + Unit for refractive index. + + + - + - - SpecificEntropy - SpecificEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 - 5-19 + + Acceleration + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration + 3-9.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - - - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - VolumePerAmountUnit - VolumePerAmountUnit + + + + LinearChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + LinearChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - + - - - PackingFraction - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - PackingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 - 10-23.1 - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + + + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 + 9-29 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + + + + + + Mounting + The sample is mounted on a holder. + The sample is mounted on a holder. + Mounting + The sample is mounted on a holder. - + - - ConductometricTitration - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - ConductometricTitration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + SampleInspectionParameter + + Parameter used for the sample inspection process + SampleInspectionParameter + Parameter used for the sample inspection process - + - - - - - - - - AlgebricEquation - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation - 2 * a - b = c + + Parameter + A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. + Parameter + Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation - - + + + + ArithmeticOperator + ArithmeticOperator + + + + - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - CapacitanceUnit - CapacitanceUnit - - - - - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson - - - - - - - HelmholtzEnergy - HelmholtzFreeEnergy - HelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 - 5-20.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 - - - - - - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - SIMS - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - - - - RedUpQuark - RedUpQuark + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - + - - - DeepDrawing - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - Tiefziehen - DeepDrawing - - - - - - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - RedAntiQuark - RedAntiQuark + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton - - - - + + + RedBottomAntiQuark + RedBottomAntiQuark + + + + + + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + + + + + + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + Sparkling water + + + + + - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ForceAreaUnit - ForceAreaUnit + + + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - - - - TransformationLanguage - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - TransformationLanguage - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML + + + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - + - - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + + + CoefficientOfFriction + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + FrictionCoefficient + FrictionFactor + CoefficientOfFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 - - - - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Pa stands for N/m2 -J stands for N m + + + + + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum + 6-35.2 + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - - - DerivedUnit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - DerivedUnit - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - derived unit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM + + + GluonType1 + GluonType1 - + - TotalIonization - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - TotalIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 - 10-59 - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + RelativeMassDefect + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 + 10-22.2 + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + + + + + + + POH + Written as pOH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + POH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + + + + + + IonActivity + Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. + The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + IonActivity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + + + + + + PH + At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: +pH < 7 are acidic; +pH = 7 are neutral; +pH > 7 are alkaline. +At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + Written as pH + PH + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 + For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 + + + + + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + EnvironmentalData + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ThermalResistanceUnit - ThermalResistanceUnit - - - - - BlueStrangeQuark - BlueStrangeQuark + TemperatureUnit + TemperatureUnit - + - - ModulusOfImpedance - ModulusOfImpedance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 - 6-51.4 + + + VolumeFraction + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + VolumeFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction + 9-14 + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 @@ -20304,4189 +20009,4452 @@ J stands for N m A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - + - T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - - - - - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 - 9-16 - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SecondGenerationFermion + SecondGenerationFermion - + + + + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + + - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AmountPerMassUnit - AmountPerMassUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - + + + + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script + + + + + + Irradiate + Irradiate + + + - - - MigrationArea - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - MigrationArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 - 10-72.3 - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + + + + + + + + Stress + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress + 4-15 - - - - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + + + + + + + + + + + SpecificGasConstant + SpecificGasConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 + 5-26 - - - - Filling - Filling + + + + MercuryPorosimetry + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + MercuryPorosimetry + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - - - RedDownAntiQuark - RedDownAntiQuark + + + + Porosimetry + + Porosimetry - + + + CrystallineMaterial + Suggestion of Rickard Armiento + CrystallineMaterial + + + - - Admittance - Inverse of the impendance. - ComplexAdmittance - Admittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance - 6-52.1 - Inverse of the impendance. + + ElectricImpedance + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + Impedance + ElectricImpedance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 + 6-51.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance + + + + + + + LatticePlaneSpacing + distance between successive lattice planes + LatticePlaneSpacing + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 + 12-3 + distance between successive lattice planes + + + + + + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + + + + + + + + + + + + AvogadroConstant + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + AvogadroConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + + + + + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ThomsonCoefficient + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + ThomsonCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 + 12-23 + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - + - + + + + + + + - - HeatFlowRate - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - HeatFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 - 5-7 - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + JouleThomsonCoefficient + JouleThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 + 5-24 - - - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. + + + + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + JSON, YAML, XML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages - + - - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 - 5-21.4 - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + + + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 + 12-35.3 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - - - - - - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - PressurePerTemperatureUnit - PressurePerTemperatureUnit + + + GreenBottomQuark + GreenBottomQuark - + - - - FastFissionFactor - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - FastFissionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 - 10-75 - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + + + + + + + + + AreaDensity + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - + - + - - + + + + + + + - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - - - - - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + UpAntiQuark + UpAntiQuark - - - - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - Unit for refractive index. + + + RedDownQuark + RedDownQuark - - - - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - DMA - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + + + + + SolidAngularMeasure + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + SolidAngle + SolidAngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle + 3-8 + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle - + - - - - - T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - QuarticLengthUnit - QuarticLengthUnit + + + SlowingDownLength + Square root of the slowing down area. + SlowingDownLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 + 10-73.1 + Square root of the slowing down area. - + - GreenUpAntiQuark - GreenUpAntiQuark + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + NeutralWeakBoson + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + + + + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - + + + + + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + + + - - - - - - - - - BurgersVector - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - BurgersVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 - 12-6 - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + + + RybergConstant + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - + + + + + AmountFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + MoleFraction + AmountFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + + + - + - ChemicalPotential - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential - 9-17 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - - - - - - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - - - - - - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). - FunctionDefinition - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) - - - - - BlueDownQuark - BlueDownQuark + + DoseEquivalent + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + DoseEquivalent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent + 10-83.1 + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - - - - - - - - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + + + + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + FE-SEM + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - Resource - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + + + + + ActivityOfSolute + RelativeActivityOfSolute + ActivityOfSolute + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 + 9-24 - + - T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - - - - NeutronYieldPerFission - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - NeutronYieldPerFission - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 - 10-74.1 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + ThermalResistanceUnit + ThermalResistanceUnit - - - BlueStrangeAntiQuark - BlueStrangeAntiQuark + + + + Polishing + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + Polishing + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - + - - - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngluarRepetency - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 - 12-9.3 - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + ElectricPolarization + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + ElectricPolarization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 + 6-7 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - + - - ReactivePower - Imaginary part of the complex power. - ReactivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 - 6-60 - Imaginary part of the complex power. - - - - - - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + + + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 + 12-2.1 + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - + - - - - - T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - - - Calendering - Calendering - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + KermaRate + Time derivative of kerma. + KermaRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 + 10-86.2 + Time derivative of kerma. + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - Declaration - ConventionalSemiosis - Declaration + + + MassExcess + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + MassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 + 10-21.1 + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 - + + + + SparkErosion + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + elektrochemisches Abtragen + SparkErosion + + + - RedStrangeQuark - RedStrangeQuark + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + BlueStrangeAntiQuark - + + + + PhaseVelocity + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + PhaseSpeed + PhaseVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity + 3-23.1 + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity + + + + + + Milling + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Milling + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + + + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthPerAmountUnit - LengthPerAmountUnit + MassPerTimeUnit + MassPerTimeUnit - - - - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - Unit for plane angle. + + + + + LeakageFactor + One minus the square of the coupling factor + LeakageFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 + 6-42.2 + One minus the square of the coupling factor - + - T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - IlluminanceTimeUnit - IlluminanceTimeUnit + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - - + + + + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + + + + + + SuperconductorEnergyGap + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 + 12-37 + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + + + + + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + Density functional theory. +Hartree-Fock. + + + + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + SquareTimePerMassUnit + SquareTimePerMassUnit - - - - + + + + + MaterialSynthesis + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + MaterialSynthesis + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + + + + + + ProductionEngineering + ProductionEngineering + + + + + + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + + + + GluonType3 + GluonType3 + + + + + - - T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + + + + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 + 6-5 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - + - - FreeForming - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - Non la metterei - Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). - FreeForming + + Painting + Painting - - - RedBottomAntiQuark - RedBottomAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + ModulusOfRigidity + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + ShearModulus + ModulusOfRigidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 + 4-19.2 + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 - + - MuonAntiNeutrino - MuonAntiNeutrino + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon - + + + + Presses + Presses + + + - - CyclicVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - CV - CyclicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + IntermediateSample + + IntermediateSample + + + + + + + StandardEquilibriumConstant + ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant + StandardEquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 + 9-32 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 - + - + - - - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 - 4-21.2 + SurfaceTension + 4-26 + SurfaceTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 - + - + + - - + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 - 4-21.1 - - - - - - - ActivityOfSolvent - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - ActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 - 9-27.1 - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - - - - - - - ExchangeIntegral - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - ExchangeIntegral - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 - 12-34 - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - - - - - - Irradiate - Irradiate - - - - - - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + + ThermalConductanceUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit - + - + - - ModulusOfElasticity - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - YoungsModulus - ModulusOfElasticity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 - 4-19.1 - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 + + SlowingDownDensity + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + SlowingDownDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 + 10-67 + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - - - - MembraneOsmometry - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - MembraneOsmometry - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + + + + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - + + + + + SolidMixture + SolidMixture + + + + + + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + + + + + - - + + - Coded - A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. -A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. -A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + Coupled + Coupled + -For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. -An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) -Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). -This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. -This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. - Coded - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. - The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. + + + + + + Δ + + + + Laplacian + Laplacian - + + + Observed + Observed + The biography of a person met by the author. + + + + + + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + + + + + + + StaticFrictionCoefficient + CoefficientOfStaticFriction + StaticFrictionFactor + StaticFrictionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 + 4-23.1 + + + + + + TransferMolding + TransferMolding + + + - DegreeOfDissociation - Dissociation may occur stepwise. - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - DissociationFraction - DegreeOfDissociation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 - 9-43 - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 + + ActivityFactor + ActivityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 + 9-22 + + + + + + + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. - - - - ThermomechanicalTreatment - ThermomechanicalTreatment + + + + + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 + 5-10.2 + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - + - - + - - T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + + + + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + ThermalTransmittance + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 + 5-10.1 + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - - + + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + AreicSpeedUnit + AreicSpeedUnit - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AbsorbedDoseUnit - AbsorbedDoseUnit + + + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. - - - - - - - - - + + + BlueCharmAntiQuark + BlueCharmAntiQuark + + + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + StandaloneAtom + A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + StandaloneAtom + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - + + + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + + + - - RadiusOfCurvature - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - RadiusOfCurvature - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature - 3-1.12 - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature + + + ResidualResistivity + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + ResidualResistivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 + 12-17 + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - - - RedTopAntiQuark - RedTopAntiQuark + + + + + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. + The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. - + - - - DragForce - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - DragForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 - 4-9.6 - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + + + MolarGasConstant + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + MolarGasConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant + 9-37.1 + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 - + - - - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - The negative of ElementaryCharge. - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 + + + + + T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + LengthTimePerMassUnit + LengthTimePerMassUnit - - - - IonChromatography - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - IonChromatography - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + + + + + + T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NumberOfElements + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. + NumberOfElements + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + + + + + + OxidationNumber + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + OxidationState + OxidationNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 + + + - - ParticlePositionVector - Position vector of a particle. - ParticlePositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 - 12-7.1 - Position vector of a particle. + + EffectiveMass + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + EffectiveMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 + 12-30 + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - + - - HotDipGalvanizing - Hot-dipGalvanizing - HotDipGalvanizing + + Gluing + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + Kleben + Gluing - - + + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaTimeUnit - AreaTimeUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - + - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - PressurePerTimeUnit - PressurePerTimeUnit - - - - - - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. - - - - - - - - - - - - - VolumeFlowRate - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - VolumetricFlowRate - VolumeFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 - 4-31 - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate - - - - - - - TotalCrossSection - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - TotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 - 10-38.2 - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - - - - - - - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - 5-35 - - - - - ResemblanceIcon - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). - ResemblanceIcon - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - BlueCharmAntiQuark - BlueCharmAntiQuark + + + + HardwareModel + + HardwareModel - - - - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + HotDipGalvanizing + Hot-dipGalvanizing + HotDipGalvanizing - - - - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - JSON, YAML, XML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages + + + + Folding + Folding - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - PerEnergyUnit - PerEnergyUnit + PressurePerTemperatureUnit + PressurePerTemperatureUnit - + - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - - - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + + ComplexPower + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + ComplexApparentPower + ComplexPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 + 6-59 + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - - - - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + + + GreenDownAntiQuark + GreenDownAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiLepton - AntiLepton + + + + PlasticModeling + PlasticModeling - - - - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + + Tortuosity + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + Tortuosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - + - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton + RedStrangeQuark + RedStrangeQuark - - - - - - - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AccelerationUnit - AccelerationUnit + + + + + StaticFrictionForce + StaticFriction + StaticFrictionForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 + 4-9.3 - + - + - - SurfaceTension - 4-26 - SurfaceTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 + + + PlanckFunction + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + PlanckFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 + 5-23 + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - - + + + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + + + + + + + Service + IntangibleProduct + Service + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 + + + + - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricFluxUnit - ElectricFluxUnit + PowerDensityUnit + PowerDensityUnit - - - - - CanonicalPartitionFunction - CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 - 9-35.2 + + + BlueDownAntiQuark + BlueDownAntiQuark - - - - - IsentropicCompressibility - IsentropicCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 - 5-5.2 + + + + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - + - + - - - ThomsonCoefficient - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - ThomsonCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 - 12-23 - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + + SurfaceMassDensity + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + AreicMass + SurfaceDensity + SurfaceMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 + 4-5 + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - + - - Grinding - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - Grinding - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - - - - - - - - - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 - - - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - + - - - WorkFunction - Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - ElectronWorkFunction - WorkFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 - 12-24.1 - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 - - - - - - DropForging - DropForging - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - SpeedUnit - SpeedUnit - - - - - - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - - - - - - - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. - - - - - - - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - - - - - - ThermochemicalTreatment - ThermochemicalTreatment - - - - - - JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - - - - - - - DebyeWallerFactor - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - DebyeWallerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 - 12-8 - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + AmountPerMassPressureUnit + AmountPerMassPressureUnit - - - - - RelaxationTime - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - RelaxationTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 - 12-32.1 - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + + + + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - PowerUnit - PowerUnit - - - - - ElementaryBoson - ElementaryBoson + AmountPerAreaUnit + AmountPerAreaUnit - + - GreenStrangeAntiQuark - GreenStrangeAntiQuark + GluonType2 + GluonType2 - + + + + CanonicalPartitionFunction + CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 + 9-35.2 + + + + + + Heteronuclear + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Heteronuclear + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). + + + + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePerTimeUnit + InverseSquareMassUnit + InverseSquareMassUnit - + + + + + MolecularPartitionFunction + Partition function of a molecule. + MolecularPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 + 9-35.4 + Partition function of a molecule. + + + - - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - 3D Atom Probe - APT - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - - - - - ComptonWavelength - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - ComptonWavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 - 10-20 - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength + + + + Nailing + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + Nageln + Nailing - - - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + + + + + + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - + + + + + PowerFactor + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + PowerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 + 6-58 + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + + + - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerTimeUnit - VolumePerTimeUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit - - - - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + + + + BindingFraction + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + BindingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 + 10-23.2 + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - + + + + Heat + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + AmountOfHeat + Heat + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat + 5-6.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + + + - - XrdGrazingIncidence + + Profilometry - XrdGrazingIncidence + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + Profilometry + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - + - T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - InversePermittivityUnit - InversePermittivityUnit + DiffusivityUnit + DiffusivityUnit - - - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + + + + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - + - - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 - 5-16.4 - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + + + MolarGibbsEnergy + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + MolarGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 + 9-6.4 + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - + - - - NuclidicMass - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - NuclidicMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 - 10-4.2 - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 + + + FermiTemperature + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + FermiTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 + 12-28 + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KnownConstant + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + KnownConstant + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + π refers to the constant number ~3.14 + + + - - - RestMass - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - InvariantMass - ProperMass - RestMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity - 10-2 - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass + + + KineticFrictionFactor + DynamicFrictionFactor + KineticFrictionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 + 4-23.2 - - + + + + + + + T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassSquareTimeUnit + MassSquareTimeUnit + + + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - SemioticEntity - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language + -"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). + + + + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. + -The triadic elements: -- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) -- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) -- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + + + + + + + + + + + Plus + Plus + -This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - SemioticEntity - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + + + + Assigned + Assigned - + - - - - - T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + + + BohrRadius + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + BohrRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 + 10-6 + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 - + + + AntiTau + AntiTau + + + - + - - GaugePressure - GaugePressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 - 4-14.2 + + + + AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + AbsorbedDose + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + 10-81.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 - - - - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - DSC - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + + + BlueTopAntiQuark + BlueTopAntiQuark - + - + - - Fugacity - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - Fugacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 - 9-20 - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 + + VolumeFlowRate + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + VolumetricFlowRate + VolumeFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 + 4-31 + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate - + + + GluonType4 + GluonType4 + + + + + + BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + BoltzmannConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 + + + + + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + + + + + PhysicalyUnbonded + PhysicalyUnbonded + + + + + + SampleInspectionInstrument + + SampleInspectionInstrument + + + + + AmorphousMaterial + NonCrystallineMaterial + AmorphousMaterial + + + + + + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + + + - - + + + + + + - - Torque - Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - Torque - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque - 4-12.2 - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + base unit + + + + + + SampleExtractionInstrument + + SampleExtractionInstrument - - - - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - QuenchingAndTempering - Vergüten - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + + + + + + + T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - - + + - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + JosephsonConstantUnit + JosephsonConstantUnit - + + + RedCharmQuark + RedCharmQuark + + + - - - MechanicalEfficiency - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - MechanicalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 - 4-29 - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + + + IsentropicCompressibility + IsentropicCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 + 5-5.2 - + + + + + MolarInternalEnergy + Internal energy per amount of substance. + MolarInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 + 9-6.1 + Internal energy per amount of substance. + + + + + + SpecificGibbsEnergy + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 + 5-21.5 + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + + + + + + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + + + - T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit - - + + - T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + EnergyPerAmountUnit + EnergyPerAmountUnit - + + + + + CouplingFactor + InductiveCouplingFactor + CouplingFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 + 6-42.1 + + + - - ICI - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - ICI - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - - - - - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. + + + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - - - - - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + + Extrusion + Extrusion - + - - + - - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - - - - - - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + + + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + ChemicalAffinity + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 + 9-30 + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 - - - - + + + - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - ElectricConductivityUnit - ElectricConductivityUnit + + + Minus + Minus - - - - ShearOrTorsionTesting - - ShearOrTorsionTesting + + + + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + + + + + + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + + + + + + PhotochemicalProcesses + PhotochemicalProcesses + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron - - + + - - Δ + + - - Laplacian - Laplacian - - - - - - DifferentialOperator - DifferentialOperator - - - - - - - - - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - ThermalResistivityUnit - ThermalResistivityUnit + + + SectionModulus + SectionModulus + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 + 4-22 - + - - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - - - - - - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + GluonType7 + GluonType7 - + - T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TimePerVolumeUnit - TimePerVolumeUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - + - - - CouplingFactor - InductiveCouplingFactor - CouplingFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 - 6-42.1 + + + NuclearRadius + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + NuclearRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 + 10-19.1 + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - - - - - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 - 12-13 + + + + Assemblying + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + The act of connecting together the parts of something + Assemblying + The act of connecting together the parts of something + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - - - - - MassDefect - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - MassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 - 10-21.2 - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GreenQuark + GreenQuark - - - - - AtomicScatteringFactor - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - AtomicScatteringFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 - 12-5.3 - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor + + + RedTopAntiQuark + RedTopAntiQuark - + - - Susceptance - imaginary part of the admittance - Susceptance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 - 6-52.3 - imaginary part of the admittance + + + Curvature + Inverse of the radius of curvature. + Curvature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature + 3-2 + Inverse of the radius of curvature. - - - - - - - - - - - SectionModulus - SectionModulus - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 - 4-22 + + + + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - - - - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - Unit for volume fraction. + + + ElectronAntiNeutrino + ElectronAntiNeutrino - - - - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - Real part of the admittance. - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 - 6-52.2 - Real part of the admittance. + + + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - - OrdinalQuantity - "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - OrdinalQuantity - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Hardness -Resilience - ordinal quantity + + + + + + CubicExpansionCoefficient + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) + CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 + 5-3.2 + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - - - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - VolumePerTemperatureUnit - VolumePerTemperatureUnit + + + + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - LengthTemperatureUnit - LengthTemperatureUnit + + + + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - + - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ReciprocalMassUnit - ReciprocalMassUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit - + + + + Command + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. + Command + From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. + + + - + - Vergence - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature + + Molality + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + AmountPerMass + Molality + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 + 9-15 + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 - + + + CompositeMaterial + CompositeMaterial + + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerTemperatureUnit - PerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + PerTimeMassUnit + PerTimeMassUnit - + - - Python - Python - - - - - - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - - - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MechanicalMobilityUnit - MechanicalMobilityUnit + + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + SQL, SPARQL + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language - - - - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 - 10-13.8 - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + + + + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - + - - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - - - - - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - - - - - - - - - - - - - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 - 6-5 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + + Magnetizing + Magnetizing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - ChargedWeakBoson - IntermediateVectorBoson - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - + - - - - - - - - LuminousFlux - Perceived power of light. - LuminousFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux - 7-13 - Perceived power of light. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 + + + LondonPenetrationDepth + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + LondonPenetrationDepth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 + 12-38.1 + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - - - - Welding - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - Schweißen - Welding + + + + CharacterisationComponent + + CharacterisationComponent - + + + + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + DMA + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - InductanceUnit - InductanceUnit + PerPressureUnit + PerPressureUnit - + + + + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + + - - - - - T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SexticLengthUnit - SexticLengthUnit + + + ElectronRadius + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + ElectronRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 + 10-19.2 + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - + - T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit - - - - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + + + + UTF8 + UTF8 - - - - - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + + + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - + - - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + + DropForging + DropForging - - + + - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - + - - - VacuumMagneticPermeability - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - PermeabilityOfVacuum - VacuumMagneticPermeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum - 6-26.1 + + + NumberOfEntities + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + NumberOfEntities + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 + 9-1 + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 - - - - IsochoricHeatCapacity - Heat capacity at constant volume. - HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume - IsochoricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 - 5-16.3 - Heat capacity at constant volume. + + + + + + + + + + AlgebricEquation + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + AlgebricEquation + 2 * a - b = c - - + + + + Synchrotron + + Synchrotron + + + + - - + + = - - - Coercivity - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - Coercivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 - 6-31 - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + + + Equals + The equals symbol. + Equals + The equals symbol. + + + + + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + + + + + AntiMuon + AntiMuon + + + + + + LinkedModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + LinkedModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + + + + + + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + + + + + ThermochemicalTreatment + ThermochemicalTreatment - + - - - - - T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + + SourceVoltage + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + SourceTension + SourceVoltage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 + 6-36 + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - - - + + - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 - + + + + + + - AmountTemperatureUnit - AmountTemperatureUnit + GasMixture + GasMixture - - - - - HalfValueThickness - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - HalfValueThickness - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 - 10-53 - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + + + + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. - + - GluonType1 - GluonType1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BlueAntiQuark + BlueAntiQuark - - - + + + + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + + + + + + + MassConcentrationOfWater + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. + MassConcentrationOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 + 5-27 + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + - - - ArithmeticExpression - ArithmeticExpression - 2+2 + + + + + + + + + + + + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - + - - - StandardAbsoluteActivity - Property of a solute in a solution. - StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 - 9-26 - Property of a solute in a solution. + + Solubility + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. + Solubility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 - - - GluonType7 - GluonType7 + + + + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + Unit for amount fraction. - + - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - AmountPerMassTimeUnit - AmountPerMassTimeUnit + IlluminanceTimeUnit + IlluminanceTimeUnit - + + + + ContinuousCasting + ContinuousCasting + + + - - - - - T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + + InternalEnergy + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy + 5.20-2 + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 - + - - PhaseVelocity - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - PhaseSpeed - PhaseVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity - 3-23.1 - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity + + + Rotation + Rotation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 + 3-16 - + + + + PlasticSintering + PlasticSintering + + + - Positron - Positron + BlueBottomAntiQuark + BlueBottomAntiQuark - - - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + + + + FlameCutting + FlameCutting - - - - DippingForms - DippingForms + + + + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Pa stands for N/m2 +J stands for N m - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomAntiQuark - BottomAntiQuark + ElementaryBoson + ElementaryBoson - + - + - - ElectricFieldStrength - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - ElectricFieldStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 - 6-10 - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - - - - - - PaperManufacturing - PaperManufacturing + + ExtentOfReaction + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + ExtentOfReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 + 9-31 + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FirstGenerationFermion - FirstGenerationFermion + + + + + ExchangeIntegral + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + ExchangeIntegral + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 + 12-34 + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - - - CeramicMaterial - CeramicMaterial + + + + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. - - - - + + + - - T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - SectionAreaIntegralUnit - SectionAreaIntegralUnit + + + + MolarEntropy + Entropy per amount of substance. + MolarEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 + 9-8 + Entropy per amount of substance. - - - - - - - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + + + + + Spin + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + Spin + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 + 10-10 + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - - + + - - ∇ + + + 1 - - Gradient - Gradient - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicallyInteractingConvex - PhysicallyInteractingConvex - - - - - - - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 - 6-38 - - - - - - - ParticleEmissionRate - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - ParticleEmissionRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 - 10-36 - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + + + + + 2 + + + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton - + - + - ReciprocalDuration - InverseDuration - InverseTime - ReciprocalTime - ReciprocalDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 + + SpecificEntropy + SpecificEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 + 5-19 + + + + + + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + VPO + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - - - - VonKlitzingConstant - Resistance quantum. - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - VonKlitzingConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + + + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - + - - InspectionDevice - InspectionDevice + + PaperManufacturing + PaperManufacturing - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - DownAntiQuarkType - DownAntiQuarkType - - - - - - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - - - - - - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + RedAntiQuark + RedAntiQuark - + - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - TemperaturePerPressureUnit + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - GluonType5 - GluonType5 + + + + + + + + + + + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - + + + + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + + + - - + - - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricResistivityUnit - ElectricResistivityUnit + + + + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 + 10-4.3 + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 - - - - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - - - - Riveting - Riveting + + + + + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + State + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. - + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivity + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 + 9-23 + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + + + + - T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyAreaUnit - EnergyAreaUnit + ElectricFluxUnit + ElectricFluxUnit - + + - - MultiplicationFactor - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - MultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 - 10-78.1 - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + ReactionEnergy + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + ReactionEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 + 10-37.1 + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - - - - DrawForming - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DrawForming + + + + + + + + + + GaugePressure + GaugePressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 + 4-14.2 - + - - - BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. - -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + + + + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaPerTimeUnit + AreaPerTimeUnit + -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 + + + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - + - + - - Entropy - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy - 5-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - - - - - - SolidAngle - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - SolidAngle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - 3-6 - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - - - - - - - ProtonMass - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + + MassFlow + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. + MassFlow + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 + 4-30.1 + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - + + - - + + - - - CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 + + + + + + + + Boolean + A boolean number. + Boolean + A boolean number. - + + + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson + + + - - - MagneticSusceptibility - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - MagneticSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 - 6-28 - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + + Admittance + Inverse of the impendance. + ComplexAdmittance + Admittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance + 6-52.1 + Inverse of the impendance. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrangeAntiQuark - StrangeAntiQuark + + + + + MobilityRatio + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + MobilityRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 + 12-31 + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - Planing - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - Hobeln - Planing + + + + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + Granite, sand, dried concrete. - + + + + + LossAngle + Arctan of the loss factor + LossAngle + https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 + 6-55 + Arctan of the loss factor + + + - - IntermediateSample - - IntermediateSample + + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + BET + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory - + + + MesoscopicSubstance + MesoscopicSubstance + + + - - - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 - 10-49 - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricResistanceUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit - + - - - RadiantEnergy - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - RadiantEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 - 10-45 - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + + + + + + + + FineStructureConstant + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - - - - UndefinedEdgeCutting - Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden - UndefinedEdgeCutting + + + + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 + 5-21.4 + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + + + + + + + MaximumEfficiency + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + CarnotEfficiency + MaximumEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 + 5-25.2 + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - + - + - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 - 10-40 - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + BohrMagneton + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + BohrMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 + 10-9.2 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - - - - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + + + RedUpAntiQuark + RedUpAntiQuark - - - - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + + + RedDownAntiQuark + RedDownAntiQuark - + + + + + + * + + + + Multiplication + Multiplication + + + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalConductivityUnit - ThermalConductivityUnit + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - + + + + + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 + 10-15.3 + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + + + - - - - - - - - + + + / + - - - - - - - - - MathematicalSymbol - MathematicalSymbol + + Division + Division - - + + - - + + - - Mounting - The sample is mounted on a holder. - The sample is mounted on a holder. - Mounting - The sample is mounted on a holder. + + + Action + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Action + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 + 4-32 + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - + + + + JavaScript + JavaScript + + + - - Solubility - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. - Solubility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 + + + PartialPressure + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + PartialPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 + 9-19 + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 - - - + + + + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + + + + + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + + + + + + + ElectronMass + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + + + + + + + DragForce + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + DragForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 + 4-9.6 + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + + + + + + + WaveVector + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + WaveVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 + 3-21 + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector + + + + + - - - - - - + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + - Semiotics - Semiotics + AreaPerAmountUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit - - - - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + + + + + + + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + TemperaturePerPressureUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit - - - - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. + + + + + + + T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + TimePerVolumeUnit + TimePerVolumeUnit - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - EntropyPerAmountUnit - EntropyPerAmountUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - - - - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - .ini files - Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages + + + + HardeningByDrawing + HardeningByDrawing - - - - - IsentropicExponent - For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. - IsentropicExponent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 - 5-17.2 + + + + + + + + + + + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + GasMixture + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - - - - - - - - - - - MolarMass - Mass per amount of substance. - MolarMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 - 9-4 - Mass per amount of substance. + + + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - - RedTopQuark - RedTopQuark + + + + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - - - - - - - - CelsiusTemperature - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - CelsiusTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature - 5-2 - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 + + PrincipalQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 + 10-13.2 + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - - - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + + + + Screwing + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + Schrauben + Screwing - - - - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - IMC - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + + + + Galvanizing + Galvanizing - - - GluonType2 - GluonType2 + + + + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - + - MetallicMaterial - MetallicMaterial + + BondedAtom + A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. + +In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. + This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. + BondedAtom + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiElectronType - AntiElectronType + + + + + ResonanceEnergy + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + ResonanceEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 + 10-37.2 + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiQuark - AntiQuark + + + + ApparentPower + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + ApparentPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 + 6-57 + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - + - - + - - T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassAreaUnit - MassAreaUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalParticle - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - CausalParticle - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - - - - - - LinkedModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - LinkedModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - - - - - - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - Unit for solid angle. + + + + ThermalResistance + The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + ThermalResistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 + 5-12 + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GreenQuark - GreenQuark + + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - + - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + + DisplacementCurrentDensity + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 + 6-18 + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - + - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + + Weight + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight + 4-9.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - + + + + NormalPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + NPV + NormalPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaPerAmountUnit - AreaPerAmountUnit - - - - - CompositeMaterial - CompositeMaterial - - - - - WNegativeBoson - WNegativeBoson + MassPerLengthUnit + MassPerLengthUnit - + - - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - - - - - - - RelativeMassDensity - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - RelativeDensity - RelativeMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 - 4-4 - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 + + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - + - - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - - - - - - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script + + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - - - + + + + - - + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - Plus - Plus - - - - - - - SlowingDownArea - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - SlowingDownArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 - 10-72.1 - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + + MassTemperatureUnit + MassTemperatureUnit - - - - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + + VonKlitzingConstant + Resistance quantum. + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + VonKlitzingConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - - + + + + Polynomial + Polynomial + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + + + + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + SquareTimeUnit + SquareTimeUnit - + + + BlueCharmQuark + BlueCharmQuark + + + + + + PlasmaCutting + PlasmaCutting + + + + + + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + + + - T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - PerLengthTimeUnit - PerLengthTimeUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - + - - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - DIN 8580:2020 - Urformen - PrimitiveForming - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik - - - GreenCharmQuark - GreenCharmQuark + + + + Namer + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + Namer + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - + + + + + RotationalDisplacement + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + AngularDisplacement + RotationalDisplacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 + 3-6 + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement + + + + + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + + + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ThermalTransmittanceUnit - ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + + + + SystemUnit + SystemUnit - - - - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - - - - UTF8 - UTF8 + + + + + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 + 9-36.1 - - - - OpenCircuitHold - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - OCVHold - OpenCircuitHold - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + + + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - - - GreenDownQuark - GreenDownQuark + + + + + + + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + SpecificActivity + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + MassicActivity + SpecificActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 + 10-28 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 - + - T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - SquareTimeUnit - SquareTimeUnit + ThermalConductivityUnit + ThermalConductivityUnit - - + + - T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - - - - - - - Extrusion - Extrusion + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - + - - - LatticePlaneSpacing - distance between successive lattice planes - LatticePlaneSpacing - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 - 12-3 - distance between successive lattice planes + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + CatalyticActivityUnit + CatalyticActivityUnit - + - - DisplacementCurrentDensity - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 - 6-18 - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - - - - - - RawSample - - RawSample + + + NuclidicMass + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + NuclidicMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 + 10-4.2 + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 - + - + + - - + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 - - - - ParticleFluenceRate - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - ParticleFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 - 10-44 - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + + AmountTemperatureUnit + AmountTemperatureUnit - - - - C - C + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiElectronType + AntiElectronType - - - - - QualityFactor - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 - 6-53 - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + + + + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + DLS + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - + + + + + HardwareManufacturer + + HardwareManufacturer + + + - + + - - + + T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AngularAcceleration - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - AngularAcceleration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration - 3-13 - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration + + MagneticFluxDensityUnit + MagneticFluxDensityUnit - - + + - - + + - - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - Theorization - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - - - - - - - - - - - - - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - - - - - - - PhaseDifference - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - DisplacementAngle - PhaseDifference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 - 6-48 - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - - - - - - - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + + + AcceptorDensity + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + AcceptorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 + 12-29.5 + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - - - - - MeanLinearRange - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - MeanLinearRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 - 10-56 - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 + + + + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - + + + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson + + + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerLengthUnit - TemperaturePerLengthUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit - - - + + - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - + + + + + + + + + + + + - PerTemperatureTimeUnit - PerTemperatureTimeUnit + FirstGenerationFermion + FirstGenerationFermion - - - - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + + + + MaterialRelationComputation + MaterialRelationComputation - + + + + InspectionDevice + InspectionDevice + + + - - - SlowingDownLength - Square root of the slowing down area. - SlowingDownLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 - 10-73.1 - Square root of the slowing down area. + + + + + T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - + - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuark + DownAntiQuark - - - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 + 9-27.3 - - - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - ReferenceMaterial - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - + - T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - - - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + ThermalResistivityUnit + ThermalResistivityUnit - + - T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargeAreaUnit - ElectricChargeAreaUnit - - - - - GluonType6 - GluonType6 + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - - - GreenTopAntiQuark - GreenTopAntiQuark + + + + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - + - - - GrueneisenParamter - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - GrueneisenParamter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 - 12-14 - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + + + + + T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - + - - Cementing - Cementing - - - - - GluonType3 - GluonType3 + + IsothermalConversion + IsothermalConversion - + - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + ElectricChargeAreaUnit + ElectricChargeAreaUnit - + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AreaPerTemperatureUnit - AreaPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - - - - - - - StandardEquilibriumConstant - ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant - StandardEquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 - 9-32 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 + PerLengthTemperatureUnit + PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - + + - T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - PowerAreaUnit - PowerAreaUnit - - - - - GreenDownAntiQuark - GreenDownAntiQuark - - - - - - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - + - - Profilometry - - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - Profilometry - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuarkType - UpAntiQuarkType - - - - - - - ElementaryCharge - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - ElementaryCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge - 10-5.1 - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - - - - - - PrincipalQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 - 10-13.2 - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - - - - - - - LevelWidth - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - LevelWidth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 - 10-26 - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 + + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - + - - PlasticModeling - PlasticModeling + + Flanging + Flanging - - - - Polynomial - Polynomial - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + + + + GravityCasting + GravityCasting - - + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - BlueAntiQuark - BlueAntiQuark - - - - - - OpticalMicroscopy - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - OpticalMicroscopy - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - - - - HandlingDevice - HandlingDevice + + + + FORTRAN + FORTRAN - + - - Painting - Painting + + DippingForms + DippingForms - + - - - RybergConstant - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + LengthPerAmountUnit + LengthPerAmountUnit - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - - - - - - TransferMolding - TransferMolding - - - - - - Namer - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - Namer - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - + - + - - - - - - - ParticleConcentration - ParticleConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 - 9-9.1 + + DissociationConstant + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + DissociationConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + + + + + + Punctuation + Punctuation + + + + + + C + C - - - - FiberboardManufacturing - FiberboardManufacturing + + + + OutlierRemoval + + Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. + OutlierRemoval + Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. @@ -24497,222 +24465,261 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)1 + 1 = 2 - - - - CoulometricTitration - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - CoulometricTitration - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - - - + - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + AccelerationUnit + AccelerationUnit - - - - FORTRAN - FORTRAN + + + + SandMolds + SandMolds - + + + + + + + + + + Vergence + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature + + + - CausallHairedSystem - CausallHairedSystem + BlueUpQuark + BlueUpQuark - - - - LowPressureCasting - LowPressureCasting + + + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + PerTemperatureTimeUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit - - - - JavaScript - JavaScript + + + + + + + T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SexticLengthUnit + SexticLengthUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpQuarkType - UpQuarkType + + + + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - + - T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerTimeUnit - MassPerTimeUnit + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - + + + + ElectricCurrentPhasor + ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 + 6-49 + + + - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + + + + + + + T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - - - AntiMuon - AntiMuon + + + + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - + + - - + + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - FineStructureConstant - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 + + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - ContinuousCasting - ContinuousCasting + + + + + + + T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + EnergyAreaUnit + EnergyAreaUnit - - - - Foaming - Foaming + + + + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + CSS + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language - + - - - InjectionMolding - InjectionMolding + + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - - - - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + + + + TransportationDevice + TransportationDevice - - - PolymericMaterial - PolymericMaterial + + + + + + + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PressurePerTimeUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit - - + + + - - - - - - + + + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + - SolidMixture - SolidMixture + AmountPerMassTimeUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit - + - - DieCasting - DieCasting + + HardeningByForging + HardeningByForging - - - GluonType8 - GluonType8 + + + + RefractiveIndex + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - - - - - DiffusionLength - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - DiffusionLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 - 12-33 - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + + + + Python + Python - + - - Galvanizing - Galvanizing + + ElectrolyticDeposition + ElectrolyticDeposition - - - - Molds - Molds + + + + + + + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ReciprocalMassUnit + ReciprocalMassUnit @@ -24724,6 +24731,15 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)Pierluigi Del Nostro + + + + Gerhard Goldbeck + + Gerhard Goldbeck + Gerhard Goldbeck + + @@ -24742,15 +24758,6 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. - - - - Gerhard Goldbeck - - Gerhard Goldbeck - Gerhard Goldbeck - - @@ -24767,6 +24774,26 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource. + + + + + + + + + + + + hasSpatioTemporalTile + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + hasWellFormedTile + hasSpatioTemporalTile + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + + @@ -24779,16 +24806,29 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - + + - - - - - hasGatheredPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - hasGatheredPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + + + hasBeginTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + hasTemporalFirst + hasBeginTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + + + + + + + + + hasTemporalTile + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + hasTemporalDirectPart + hasTemporalTile + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. @@ -24802,17 +24842,18 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - - + - - - - hasSpatialTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - hasSpatialDirectPart - hasSpatialTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + + + + + + + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. @@ -24827,71 +24868,25 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - - - - - - - - hasSpatioTemporalTile - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - hasWellFormedTile - hasSpatioTemporalTile - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - - - - - - - - - - hasDirectPart - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - hasDirectPart - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - - - - - - - - - - - - hasEndTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - hasTemporalLast - hasEndTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - - - + - - - - hasTemporalTile - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - hasTemporalDirectPart - hasTemporalTile - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + + + + + hasNext + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + isBefore + hasNext + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. @@ -24926,62 +24921,88 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens hasMetrologicalReference - + + + + + + + hasSpatialTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + hasSpatialDirectPart + hasSpatialTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + - + - - - - - hasNext - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - isBefore - hasNext - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. + + + + + hasDirectPart + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + hasDirectPart + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - + + - - - isTemporallyBefore - isTemporallyBefore + + + + + hasNumericalPart + Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood. + hasNumericalPart - + - - hasBeginTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. - hasTemporalFirst - hasBeginTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + + + hasJunctionTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + hasJunctionTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - + - + - - - - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + + hasGatheredPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + hasGatheredPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + + + + + + + + hasEndTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + hasTemporalLast + hasEndTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. @@ -25010,16 +25031,13 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - + - - - - hasJunctionTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - hasJunctionTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + + + isTemporallyBefore + isTemporallyBefore @@ -25035,33 +25053,22 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - - - - - - - - - hasNumericalPart - Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood. - hasNumericalPart - + - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 4 + 2 @@ -25069,7 +25076,7 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus - 1 + 3 @@ -25077,7 +25084,7 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus - 1 + 4 @@ -25093,15 +25100,15 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus - 2 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 3 + 1 @@ -25114,48 +25121,130 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus - - isCauseOf - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). + + Boson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + + + + EMMO + EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. + + + + + + Holistic + Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. + + + + + + Property + From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). + + + + + + Whole + From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). + + + + + + Manufacturing + From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). - - DIN EN 13831:2007-12 - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + + DIN 8583-2:2003-09 + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + + + + + + DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + + + + + + Equipment + From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. - - DIN 8585-3:2003-09 - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + + DIN 8588:2013-08 + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + + + + + + Item + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + + + + + + EN 16603-11:2019-11 + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + http://www.linfo.org/program.html + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + - + - - - + + @@ -25165,16 +25254,30 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus - - + + - Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. + Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. + + + + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation + + + + + + DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + + @@ -25182,30 +25285,19 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus - + - - - - - - - - - - - + - + - - + @@ -25213,26 +25305,39 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus - - - Variable - Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). + + + DIN 8583-1:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + DIN 55405:2014-12 + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + + + + + + DIN EN 13956:2013-03 + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + + + + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + + + + + + Software + From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. + @@ -25241,45 +25346,27 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - + + + - Transitivity for proper parthood. + Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. - - - - CausalParticle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - @@ -25287,27 +25374,147 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + + - Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. + + + + DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + + + + + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + + + + + + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + + + + + + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + + + + + + DIN EN 14943:2006-03 + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + + + + + + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + + + + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + + + + + Index + From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). + + + + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + + + + DIN 65099-4:1989-11 + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + + + + Estimation + From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -25316,81 +25523,83 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus - - - Observation - From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - - - DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + + + DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 + Object that is processed with a machine - - - https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + + + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - - - IntentionalProcess - From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") + + + Wholistic + From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. - - https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - - - Matter - From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). + + + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - CausalChain - From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). + Elementary + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - - - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + + + Dedomena + From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - - - Machine - From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering @@ -25400,16 +25609,17 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the - + - - - - + + + + + @@ -25421,392 +25631,233 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the - - + + + Transitivity for parthood. - - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - - - - - - Holistic - Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). - - - - - - DIN 8589-0:2003-09 - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - - - - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) - - - - - - DIN 8589-3:2003-09 - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - - - - - - DIN EN 14943:2006-03 - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - - - - - - Symbolic - From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). - - - - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics - - - - - - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - - - - - - Artifact - From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. - - - - - - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain - - - - - - https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - - - - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + EN 10028-1:2017-07 + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - - Device - From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". - - - - - - ISO 14034:2016-11 - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - - - - - - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - - - - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - - - - - - - - - - - - Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. + + AnalogicalIcon + From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). - - - DIN 65099-4:1989-11 - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - - - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - - DIN 8584-2:2003-09 - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + + + IntentionalProcess + From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") - - - DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + + + ISO 4885:2018-02 + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - - DIN 8589-6:2003-09 - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + + DIN 8589-3:2003-09 + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - - - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + + + DIN 8589-0:2003-09 + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - - - Collection - From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. + + + DIN 8588:2013-08 + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - - - DIN EN 9110:2018-08 - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + Machine + From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. - - - Data - From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). + + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - - CausalPath - From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). + + FundamentalBoson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + + + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - - - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - - - Language - From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). + + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - - - http://www.linfo.org/program.html - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics - - - DIN EN 13956:2013-03 - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + + + Lifetime + From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. - - - DIN 8586:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + + + Particle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - ResemblanceIcon - From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). + + CausalParticle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - CausalSystem - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). + + + DIN EN 13831:2007-12 + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - - - Assemblying - From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components - - - Existent - ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). + + + Engineered + From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + + + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - - - Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + + + ISO 14034:2016-11 + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - - - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + + + Assemblying + From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. - - - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + + + Procedure + From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. - + + + + DIN 8586:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + + + DIN 8580:2022-12 + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. @@ -25826,18 +25877,17 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + + + Existent + ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. @@ -25849,179 +25899,168 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m - - - Tool - Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. + + + International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain - - EMMO - EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. - - - - - - EN 16603-11:2019-11 - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + + ManufacturedProduct + From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + + + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + + DIN 8589-6:2003-09 + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + + + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention - - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). - - - - - - Part - From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - - FunctionalIcon - From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). + + Product + From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. - - - - DIN 8587:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. + - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + + + DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - - - Boson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - - Engineered - From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). + + Model + From Latin modus (“measure”). - - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - - - - - - Wholistic - From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. - - - - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - Computation - From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). - - - - - - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - - - - - - http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + + Cogniser + From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” - - - - PhysicalObject - From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing parthood reflexivity. + - - - AnalogicalIcon - From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). + + + http://www.linfo.org/program.html + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + + https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. @@ -26032,40 +26071,102 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - - - ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + + + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) - - TangibleProduct - From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - DIN 8580:2022-12 - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + + + + + + FunctionalIcon + From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). + + + + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + + + + Perspective + From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - - Dedomena - From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) + + + ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Transitivity for proper parthood. + + @@ -26075,30 +26176,30 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - - - Whole - From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). + + + Part + From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. - - - DIN 8586:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + + + Variable + Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). - - - Equipment - From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. + + + Symbolic + From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). @@ -26109,40 +26210,58 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + + + + + + + + + Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. - - - ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + + isCauseOf + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). - - - FundamentalBoson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - Fundamental - From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). + + CausalPath + From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - - ManufacturedProduct - From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". + + Quantum + From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". @@ -26154,9 +26273,9 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - - Item - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + + Data + From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). @@ -26166,13 +26285,6 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). - - - - EN 10028-1:2017-07 - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - - @@ -26180,10 +26292,21 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -26197,20 +26320,35 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously + Implementation of equality based on mereology. - - Simulacrum - From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") + + CausalObject + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - - DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + + + PhysicalObject + From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + + + + Language + From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). + + + + + + ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, @@ -26220,7 +26358,7 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - + @@ -26230,286 +26368,231 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - - - + + + - Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. + Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. - - - DIN 8588:2013-08 - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + + + Factory + From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). - - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + + + Artifact + From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + + + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - - Index - From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). + + Matter + From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). - - DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 - Object that is processed with a machine + + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] - - - Role - From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. + + + CausalChain + From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). - - - http://www.linfo.org/program.html - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + + + TangibleProduct + From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. - - - Elementary - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components + + + DIN EN 9110:2018-08 + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + + + + measurand + VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. - - isPredecessorOf - From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). + + ResemblanceIcon + From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). - - ISO 4885:2018-02 - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing parthood reflexivity. - - - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) + + + DIN 8584-2:2003-09 + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + + + isPredecessorOf + From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - - - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + + + DIN 8587:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - - Estimation - From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). + + CausalStructure + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). - - - DIN 8580:2022-12 - Verfestigen durch Umformen + + + Computation + From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). - - - Factory - From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). + + + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - - - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + + + Observation + From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), - - - DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + + Role + From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. - - - DIN 8588:2013-08 - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + + + ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - Model - From Latin modus (“measure”). + Simulacrum + From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Implementation of equality based on mereology. - - - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + + + mereological + Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - - DIN 55405:2014-12 - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - - - Particle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + + Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - - Perspective - From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. + + + DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - - - measurand - VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - - - Product - From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. + + + DIN 8586:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - - - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. + + + DIN 8593-0:2003-09 + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. @@ -26522,9 +26605,9 @@ Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representi - - DIN 8593-0:2003-09 - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + + DIN 8589-2:2003-09 + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). @@ -26540,95 +26623,61 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - Software - From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. - - - - + - Manufacturing - From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). - - - - - - CausalStructure - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). - - - - - - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - - - - - - DIN 8583-1:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + + + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. - - - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + + + Fundamental + From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). - - - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention + + + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + Collection + From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. - - - Property - From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - - - Cogniser - From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” + + + DIN 8585-3:2003-09 + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - - Procedure - From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). - - - - - - DIN 8583-2:2003-09 - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + + Tool + Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. @@ -26638,17 +26687,16 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two - + - - - - - + + + + @@ -26660,99 +26708,58 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two - - + + - Transitivity for parthood. - - - - DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - - - - Lifetime - From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. - - - - - - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - - - - - - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - - - - - - ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + DIN 8580:2022-12 + Verfestigen durch Umformen - - - ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - - Quantum - From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". - - - - - - DIN 8589-2:2003-09 - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + + CausalSystem + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). - - - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. - + + + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) - - mereological - Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology + + Device + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". - - - CausalObject - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” diff --git a/chameo.ttl b/chameo.ttl index 3cc04f5..343ced0 100644 --- a/chameo.ttl +++ b/chameo.ttl @@ -9751,7 +9751,8 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation :hasMeasurementParameter a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "hasMeasurementParameter"@en ; rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess ; + rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( :CalibrationProcess :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess ) ] ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:range :MeasurementParameter ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; @@ -10942,7 +10943,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4b2c223f_89fb_4407_b1b6_24774b7fe770 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4b32fc1e_5293_4247_9e8d_1175df9f1c0b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "StrictFundamental"@en ; rdfs:comment "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( ns1:EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3 ns1:EMMO_f055e217_0b1b_4e7e_b8be_7340211b0c5e ) ] ; skos:prefLabel "StrictFundamental"@en ; @@ -11528,11 +11529,11 @@ This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of mea owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1b6a95fb_3df7_44c9_ad3d_419c9c5fe7cb ns1:EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be ) ], + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_35d4c439_fcb6_4399_a855_a89a207b41e9 ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ) ], [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_251cfb4f_5c75_4778_91ed_6c8395212fd8 ns1:EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 ) ], + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1b6a95fb_3df7_44c9_ad3d_419c9c5fe7cb ns1:EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be ) ], [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_35d4c439_fcb6_4399_a855_a89a207b41e9 ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ) ] ; + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_251cfb4f_5c75_4778_91ed_6c8395212fd8 ns1:EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 ) ] ; skos:prefLabel "Coded"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author."@en, @@ -13118,14 +13119,14 @@ ns1:EMMO_f895cb83_2280_42e9_9f4c_047273e70d3c a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f8bd64d5_5d3e_4ad4_a46e_c30714fecb7f a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Integer"@en ; rdfs:comment "An integer number."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onDataRange xsd:integer ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ], ns1:EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8 ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ; @@ -14264,12 +14265,12 @@ ns1:EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_0f6f0120_c079_4d95_bb11_4ddee05e530e ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_0f6f0120_c079_4d95_bb11_4ddee05e530e ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_7dea2572_ab42_45bd_9fd7_92448cec762a ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_0f6f0120_c079_4d95_bb11_4ddee05e530e ], ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68, ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; skos:prefLabel "Measurement"@en ; @@ -14832,7 +14833,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8ab3ff9d_35d4_44b7_9d66_7b0b30c40da8 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8c64fcfa_23aa_45f8_9e58_bdfd065fab8f a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Constant"@en ; rdfs:comment "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b ; skos:prefLabel "Constant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en . @@ -14945,7 +14946,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9bb271f2_80a1_481a_ba78_368c4dccc235 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9be5fcc4_0d8b_481d_b984_6338d4b55588 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Measurer"@en ; rdfs:comment "An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 ; skos:prefLabel "Measurer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property."@en . @@ -15157,7 +15158,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b9277e83_016c_405f_b90a_7e93642c775b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_b9522e56_1fac_4766_97e6_428605fabd3e a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "HolisticArrangement"@en ; rdfs:comment "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; skos:prefLabel "HolisticArrangement"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en . @@ -15223,7 +15224,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_cbdea88b_fef1_4c7c_b69f_ae1f0f241c4a a owl:Class ; The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units)."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionalUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. @@ -15502,13 +15503,13 @@ So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbol While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'."""@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_8ef3cd6d_ae58_4a8d_9fc0_ad8f49015cd0 ; - owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_18ce5200_00f5_45bb_8c6f_6fb128cd41ae ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_eeb06032_dd4f_476e_9da6_aa24302b7588 ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_8ef3cd6d_ae58_4a8d_9fc0_ad8f49015cd0 ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], ns1:EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c ; skos:prefLabel "QuantityValue"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit)."@en ; @@ -15564,7 +15565,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8a2fe9f_458b_4771_9aba_a50e76afc52d a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f93fe78b_9646_4a15_b88b_1c93686a764d a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Network"@en ; rdfs:comment "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; skos:prefLabel "Network"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en . @@ -15900,7 +15901,7 @@ A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative proper ns1:EMMO_13191289_6c2b_4741_93e1_82d53bd0e703 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Participant"@en ; rdfs:comment "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606, ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b ; skos:prefLabel "Participant"@en ; @@ -16032,7 +16033,7 @@ This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Subjective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The beauty of that girl. @@ -16045,7 +16046,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_28fbea28_2204_4613_87ff_6d877b855fcd a owl:Class ; See Shape4x3Matrix as an example."""@en, "Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays."@en, "Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; skos:prefLabel "Array"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays."@en ; @@ -16116,13 +16117,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_39a4e2a4_d835_426d_b497_182d06e1caff a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_669d2749_bece_460a_b26a_9a909fd8ca4d ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_36a4c1ca_5085_49ca_9e13_4c70d00c50a5 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_36a4c1ca_5085_49ca_9e13_4c70d00c50a5 ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_669d2749_bece_460a_b26a_9a909fd8ca4d ] ; skos:altLabel "IndexSemiosis"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Deduction"@en . @@ -16370,10 +16371,10 @@ ns1:EMMO_7cdc375d_d371_4d78_acd5_d51732f52126 a owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_881606d0_6f2f_4947_bc8b_75c5b7b2b688 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_881606d0_6f2f_4947_bc8b_75c5b7b2b688 ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ] ; skos:altLabel "IconSemiosis"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Cognition"@en . @@ -16479,7 +16480,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9b075686_4ac2_43bb_b2a3_17b3ea24ff17 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "NumericalVariable"@en ; rdfs:comment "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; skos:prefLabel "NumericalVariable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en . @@ -16500,7 +16501,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9ffffb55_3496_4307_82b8_a0d78fe1fcd8 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "TemporallyFundamental"@en ; rdfs:comment "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "TemporallyFundamental"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en . @@ -16566,7 +16567,7 @@ The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most genera - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph"""@en, "The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:disjointUnionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; @@ -16652,7 +16653,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_e97af6ec_4371_4bbc_8936_34b76e33302f a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Observer"@en ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Observer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en . @@ -16701,58 +16702,6 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8b20fd2_08b9_4368_b786_156e11d1cec8 a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_45fec702_54cb_4508_b47e_bdc581229e22 ; skos:prefLabel "FormingFromPowder"@en . -:CalibrationProcess a owl:Class ; - rdfs:label "CalibrationProcess"@en ; - rdfs:comment """Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en, - "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en, - "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; - rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :ReferenceSample ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :MeasurementParameter ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :CalibrationData ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onClass :CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; - owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], - :CharacterisationProcedure ; - skos:prefLabel "CalibrationProcess"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en . - :CharacterisationEnvironment a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CharacterisationEnvironment"@en ; rdfs:comment "Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc."@en, @@ -16903,7 +16852,7 @@ foaf:Person a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_06658d8d_dcde_4fc9_aae1_17f71c0bcdec a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Vector"@en ; rdfs:comment "1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8 ], @@ -16956,7 +16905,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Estimation"@en ; rdfs:comment "A determination of an object without any actual interaction."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 ] ; @@ -17000,7 +16949,7 @@ In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by o Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa, ns1:EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527 ; skos:altLabel "Numeral"@en ; @@ -17030,9 +16979,9 @@ ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_caa63d00_80b1_4408_ac1b_cd0d23b0ec50 ns1:EMMO_edf72228_e040_4edc_8b46_78b2a47c72d7 ns1:EMMO_fa595892_070d_455e_9459_06c97179c080 ) ], + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_4cf484af_082a_40f5_9f11_930bf4634482 ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b ns1:EMMO_d4c95fa1_5bda_4063_a22d_62c81fcea284 ) ], [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_4cf484af_082a_40f5_9f11_930bf4634482 ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b ns1:EMMO_d4c95fa1_5bda_4063_a22d_62c81fcea284 ) ] ; + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_caa63d00_80b1_4408_ac1b_cd0d23b0ec50 ns1:EMMO_edf72228_e040_4edc_8b46_78b2a47c72d7 ns1:EMMO_fa595892_070d_455e_9459_06c97179c080 ) ] ; skos:altLabel "WellFormedTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SpatioTemporalTile"^^xsd:string ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a . @@ -17110,7 +17059,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_3b031fa9_8623_4ea5_8b57_bcafb70c5c8b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Observation"@en ; rdfs:comment "A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 ] ; @@ -17129,7 +17078,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_3ecff38b_b3cf_4a78_b49f_8580abf8715b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Estimator"@en ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Estimator"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en . @@ -17144,7 +17093,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_50ea1ec5_f157_41b0_b46b_a9032f17ca10 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "String"@en ; rdfs:comment "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en, "A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c ; skos:prefLabel "String"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en ; @@ -17346,7 +17295,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9a50a0ae_841a_46fe_8b23_3df319b60611 a owl:ObjectProperty ; ns1:EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Estimated"@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Estimated"@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The biography of a person that the author have not met."@en . @@ -17431,7 +17380,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b6292331_94af_4f00_976b_ea55960c2f1c a owl:DatatypeProperty ; ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "IntentionalProcess"@en ; rdfs:comment "A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_cd24eb82_a11c_4a31_96ea_32f870c5580a ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c ], @@ -17493,7 +17442,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_d5f3e0e5_fc7d_4e64_86ad_555e74aaff84 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Language"@en ; rdfs:comment "A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ; skos:prefLabel "Language"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en . @@ -17600,6 +17549,58 @@ ns1:EMMO_ffb73b1e_5786_43e4_a964_cb32ac7affb7 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925"^^xsd:string . +:CalibrationProcess a owl:Class ; + rdfs:label "CalibrationProcess"@en ; + rdfs:comment """Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en, + "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en, + "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :ReferenceSample ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :MeasurementParameter ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :CalibrationData ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onClass :CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], + :CharacterisationProcedure ; + skos:prefLabel "CalibrationProcess"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en . + :CharacterisationTask a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CharacterisationTask"@en ; rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string ; @@ -17666,14 +17667,14 @@ ns1:EMMO_ffb73b1e_5786_43e4_a964_cb32ac7affb7 a owl:Class ; "Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal"@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :Signal ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom :Probe ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :Signal ], ns1:EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce ; skos:prefLabel "ProbeSampleInteraction"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal"@en . @@ -17745,7 +17746,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en, """A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c ns1:EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527 ) ] ; @@ -17798,10 +17799,10 @@ ns1:EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 ) ] ; skos:altLabel "Characterisation"@en ; @@ -17829,7 +17830,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Variable"@en ; rdfs:comment "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; skos:prefLabel "Variable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; @@ -18025,7 +18026,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; rdfs:comment "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en, "This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ], @@ -18124,7 +18125,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules."""@en, "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DiscreteData"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands."@en ; @@ -18329,7 +18330,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 a owl:Class ; """The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Objective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel."@en . @@ -18345,7 +18346,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_33433bb1_c68f_45ee_a466_f01e2c57b214 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Numerical"@en ; rdfs:comment "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; skos:prefLabel "Numerical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en . @@ -18498,7 +18499,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_c9805ac9_a943_4be4_ac4b_6da64ba36c73 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Declared"@en ; rdfs:comment "A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Declared"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention."@en . @@ -18535,7 +18536,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "NonTemporalRole"@en ; rdfs:comment "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "HolisticSpatialPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NonTemporalRole"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en . @@ -18681,7 +18682,7 @@ A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be."""@en, "The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - rdfs:subClassOf _:78 ; + rdfs:subClassOf _:119 ; skos:prefLabel "Collection"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. @@ -18727,7 +18728,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan."@en, "The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules."@en, "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c ; skos:altLabel "Elaboration"@en, "Work"@en ; @@ -18744,7 +18745,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en, """This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; skos:prefLabel "Perspective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en ; @@ -18755,7 +18756,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "HolisticSystem"@en ; rdfs:comment "A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time."@en, "An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dba27ca1_33c9_4443_a912_1519ce4c39ec ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_f76884f7_964e_488e_9bb7_1b2453e9e817 ] ; @@ -18857,21 +18858,21 @@ ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 a owl:Class ; "The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6 ; + owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; - rdf:rest () ] ] ] ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6 ], + rdf:rest () ] ] ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6 ; - owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; + owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; - rdf:rest () ] ] ] ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ] ] ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6 ] ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_7b79b2ac_3cf2_4d3b_8cdc_bcabb59d869e ns1:EMMO_5e00b1db_48fc_445b_82e8_ab0e2255bf52 ) ; skos:altLabel "CausalChain"@en, "Elementary"@en ; @@ -18898,7 +18899,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; rdfs:comment "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS"^^xsd:anyURI ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; @@ -18935,7 +18936,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_53bd0c90_41c3_46e2_8779_cd2a80f7e18b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_64963ed6_39c9_4258_85e0_6466c4b5420c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Workflow"@en ; rdfs:comment "A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4299e344_a321_4ef2_a744_bacfcce80afc ], @@ -19015,7 +19016,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da a owl:Class ; is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure"""@en, "Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 ; skos:altLabel "RatioUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FractionUnit"@en ; @@ -19264,8 +19265,8 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet "The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities."@en, "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - rdfs:subClassOf _:104, - _:133 ; + rdfs:subClassOf _:91, + _:92 ; owl:disjointUnionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; @@ -19500,7 +19501,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Mathematical"@en ; rdfs:comment "A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions."^^xsd:string, "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; skos:prefLabel "Mathematical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en . @@ -19512,7 +19513,7 @@ e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters."""@en, "The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ; skos:altLabel "AlphabeticEntity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Symbol"@en ; @@ -19595,7 +19596,7 @@ However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal pa In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental."""@en, "A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "Continuant"@en, "Endurant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Object"@en ; @@ -19618,7 +19619,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce a owl:Class ; """Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "Occurrent"@en, "Perdurant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Process"@en ; @@ -19884,10 +19885,25 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0\""""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalChain"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7b79b2ac_3cf2_4d3b_8cdc_bcabb59d869e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . + +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -19897,43 +19913,29 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalSystem"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "isPredecessorOf"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin prae (\"beforehand\") and decedere (\"depart\")."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalObject"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "isCauseOf"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”)."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ] ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead ] ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality."@en . + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing parthood reflexivity."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time."""@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalChain"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary"@en ; @@ -19941,143 +19943,159 @@ Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representi owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary."@en . -[] a swrl:Imp ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8585-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_214e9a99_58de_40e2_86cf_fa6aa1d180a8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 14943:2006-03"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 55405:2014-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c790c7ff_2d10_4336_94ad_4f4e173109a9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedTarget "Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 13574:2015-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b8ce01a5_1e0c_4c69_8e54_7235fd4fe47e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_92eaefcb_50be_4237_9ec0_4a019ce24921 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components"""@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ManufacturedProduct"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manufacture: \"made by hand\"."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8679c7d3_fd5d_49ba_bc1f_1bb820a1f73f ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_61846411_8c6f_410b_ae7b_8999ec18f2b2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6800c3fd_bf5d_4a2a_8e6e_9e909eefc16c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee ; + owl:annotatedTarget "mereological"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 """Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6ab555fd_5803_4f03_82e8_127c01aabfea ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c1dad83e_974f_432e_ac92_d016f2445279 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fba4018_24bd_450c_abc3_354e2c7809c9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress."^^xsd:string . -[] a swrl:Imp ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "EN 16603-11:2019-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_410b5956_a06d_4370_b7df_b1bd2126fb4b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7432b843_cfd2_4345_a3d2_eaa539b27e61 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Equipment"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46dc0d51_b60f_49cd_8650_9aba7be3726c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Verfestigen durch Umformen"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 14943:2006-03"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedTarget "Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_91c2db4b_83e2_4c36_aadf_453acc72e6d2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "EN 10028-1:2017-07"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7cd8a4ec_b219_498e_b696_028257163aa4 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_9900d51c_bdd3_40e8_aa82_ad1aa7092f71 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b524942_4e3e_403a_b4ab_2b53750f3d3b ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering"""@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13956:2013-03"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecc10f05_b301_4dcf_8c84_b6f511117234 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_06c415dc_ba26_407d_b596_283bd4d9a66f ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c68497d_2544_4cd4_897b_1ea783c9f6fe ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Tool"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’."@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Artifact"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machine"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_f5655090_2266_41cb_b2e9_3b4569c45731 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "EN 10028-1:2017-07"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3ec45f3b_677d_4e71_be75_6f8966b4f808 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder"""@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_39d5c9c4_7d24_4409_ba3b_60ca3afde902 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 4885:2018-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_9900d51c_bdd3_40e8_aa82_ad1aa7092f71 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3c7affee_09ed_42e7_a190_4a10c75ab6dd ; + owl:annotatedTarget "hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 14034:2016-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b8ce01a5_1e0c_4c69_8e54_7235fd4fe47e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20086,12 +20104,6 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion"""@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0c7ad550_00ae_45ff_a4e2_58d6a61f48eb ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain"^^xsd:string . - [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; @@ -20099,101 +20111,110 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m owl:annotatedTarget "Object that is processed with a machine"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_f5655090_2266_41cb_b2e9_3b4569c45731 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_253e1d54_69af_4931_90d0_5ccfd7e690ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget """fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use."""^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03eb9b46_8ff0_4fcd_b1a0_73f65ae7434e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,"^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "ManufacturedProduct"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manufacture: \"made by hand\"."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7cd8a4ec_b219_498e_b696_028257163aa4 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2138677c_845a_4bc2_8be7_7b0a07b4777d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Device"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French \"deviser\", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally \"dispose in portions,\" from Vulgar Latin \"divisare\", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning \"to divide\"."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecc10f05_b301_4dcf_8c84_b6f511117234 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dacfc7dc_5ddb_4f67_986b_dcd01d649d60 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fba4018_24bd_450c_abc3_354e2c7809c9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Artifact"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_912ac3a2_a124_4233_92dd_06c9aebea46c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Assemblying"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’."@en . +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for parthood."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_91c2db4b_83e2_4c36_aadf_453acc72e6d2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_68ee441e_c89e_4391_93c3_e68fef59fe14 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_82fc8506_1f84_4add_9683_abea077bd1e3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Product"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-4:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c9f0abb6_d3e8_459e_bacc_c14ed5481998 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Engineered"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin ingenium \"innate qualities, ability; inborn character,\" in Late Latin \"a war engine, battering ram\"; literally \"that which is inborn,\" from in- (\"in\") + gignere (\"give birth, beget\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f46c5ab_1c21_4639_90d5_3c4ebf3b156b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 9110:2018-08"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7171429_b9e3_4812_95c1_e97309370538 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c68497d_2544_4cd4_897b_1ea783c9f6fe ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Tool"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13956:2013-03"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_06c415dc_ba26_407d_b596_283bd4d9a66f ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c1dad83e_974f_432e_ac92_d016f2445279 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_253e1d54_69af_4931_90d0_5ccfd7e690ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget """fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use."""^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0c7ad550_00ae_45ff_a4e2_58d6a61f48eb ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-6:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_01048432_3722_40a9_aa37_ea009da44272 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7d004db_59fa_5ae3_adb1_e75736aa721a ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20202,141 +20223,102 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously owl:annotatedTarget "Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8585-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_214e9a99_58de_40e2_86cf_fa6aa1d180a8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fa330f7_3289_4228_81df_12ee8a9708ac ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-6:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13831:2007-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7d004db_59fa_5ae3_adb1_e75736aa721a ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool"^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Engineered"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin ingenium \"innate qualities, ability; inborn character,\" in Late Latin \"a war engine, battering ram\"; literally \"that which is inborn,\" from in- (\"in\") + gignere (\"give birth, beget\")."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "TangibleProduct"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manu factum (\"made by hand\")."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecf78412_f0ca_4368_9078_559ffe8935d3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "EN 16603-11:2019-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone )."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Machine"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7432b843_cfd2_4345_a3d2_eaa539b27e61 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedTarget "Equipment"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46dc0d51_b60f_49cd_8650_9aba7be3726c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Verfestigen durch Umformen"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46f70544_818e_495e_99ef_d342c54ee7dc ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82)."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dc0874e8_36e1_44df_947d_0d7c81167a09 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2138677c_845a_4bc2_8be7_7b0a07b4777d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone )."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_68ee441e_c89e_4391_93c3_e68fef59fe14 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress"^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 9110:2018-08"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7171429_b9e3_4812_95c1_e97309370538 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_aced32dd_1a13_49b0_8d8f_c79313942d19 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13831:2007-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 14034:2016-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecf78412_f0ca_4368_9078_559ffe8935d3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_61846411_8c6f_410b_ae7b_8999ec18f2b2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8679c7d3_fd5d_49ba_bc1f_1bb820a1f73f ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6ab555fd_5803_4f03_82e8_127c01aabfea ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_01048432_3722_40a9_aa37_ea009da44272 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1a2cbca8_3d3b_4e2c_9a71_e39273937786 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) \"process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece\": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 55405:2014-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c790c7ff_2d10_4336_94ad_4f4e173109a9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-4:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c9f0abb6_d3e8_459e_bacc_c14ed5481998 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_410b5956_a06d_4370_b7df_b1bd2126fb4b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "TangibleProduct"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 4885:2018-02"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3c7affee_09ed_42e7_a190_4a10c75ab6dd ; - owl:annotatedTarget "hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Device"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French \"deviser\", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally \"dispose in portions,\" from Vulgar Latin \"divisare\", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning \"to divide\"."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20352,42 +20334,58 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard])."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dc0874e8_36e1_44df_947d_0d7c81167a09 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_912ac3a2_a124_4233_92dd_06c9aebea46c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Assemblying"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3ec45f3b_677d_4e71_be75_6f8966b4f808 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_aced32dd_1a13_49b0_8d8f_c79313942d19 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1a2cbca8_3d3b_4e2c_9a71_e39273937786 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) \"process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece\": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_02122e58_e0b3_4274_bdd4_745f64a61645 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Factory"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manu factum (\"made by hand\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b524942_4e3e_403a_b4ab_2b53750f3d3b ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8587:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_22744495_4f32_4a17_b189_259c644268f9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_bbf12904_e25e_4f49_87f3_8bd210a6b535 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6800c3fd_bf5d_4a2a_8e6e_9e909eefc16c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70)."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dacfc7dc_5ddb_4f67_986b_dcd01d649d60 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; + owl:annotatedTarget ":isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_607ccc15_38aa_4a69_a70a_effa8015bf42 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20396,125 +20394,132 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur owl:annotatedTarget "Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fa330f7_3289_4228_81df_12ee8a9708ac ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_02122e58_e0b3_4274_bdd4_745f64a61645 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Factory"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_39d5c9c4_7d24_4409_ba3b_60ca3afde902 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion"""@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f46c5ab_1c21_4639_90d5_3c4ebf3b156b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 13574:2015-02"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_92eaefcb_50be_4237_9ec0_4a019ce24921 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46f70544_818e_495e_99ef_d342c54ee7dc ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8587:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_22744495_4f32_4a17_b189_259c644268f9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_bbf12904_e25e_4f49_87f3_8bd210a6b535 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_607ccc15_38aa_4a69_a70a_effa8015bf42 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03eb9b46_8ff0_4fcd_b1a0_73f65ae7434e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:133 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Quantum"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as\"."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_82fc8506_1f84_4add_9683_abea077bd1e3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Product"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself."@en . - -[] a swrl:Imp ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing parthood reflexivity."@en . + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalObject"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalPath"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget "EMMO"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology."@en . + owl:annotatedTarget _:92 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:119 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Quantum"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as\"."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6c03574f_6daa_4488_a970_ee355cca2530 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalParticle"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; - rdfs:comment "Implementation of equality based on mereology."^^rdfs:Literal ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "isCauseOf"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”)."@en . + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for proper parthood."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; - owl:annotatedTarget ":isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property."^^xsd:string . +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20524,54 +20529,28 @@ discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Item"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalStructure"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”)."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; + rdfs:comment "Implementation of equality based on mereology."^^rdfs:Literal ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for proper parthood."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Elementary"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6c03574f_6daa_4488_a970_ee355cca2530 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalParticle"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:104 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee ; - owl:annotatedTarget "mereological"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 """Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . + swrl:argument2 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] . [] a swrl:Imp ; rdfs:comment "Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities."^^rdfs:Literal ; @@ -20590,35 +20569,63 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalStructure"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "isPredecessorOf"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin prae (\"beforehand\") and decedere (\"depart\")."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time."""@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:91 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Item"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping."@en . + swrl:argument2 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en"@en ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8a8f664b_dc59_4e00_ae00_81fdf1e1d12e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Locator\" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network \"location\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6470bbfa_04a6_4360_9534_1aa18d68329b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_db99b1e5_2f34_467b_a784_d104946d9f00 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Name\" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the \"urn\" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20627,22 +20634,22 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . owl:annotatedTarget "A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/"^^xsd:anyURI ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en"@en ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c15f8c4_d2de_47a0_acdd_470b8dda979b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8a8f664b_dc59_4e00_ae00_81fdf1e1d12e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Locator\" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network \"location\")."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6470bbfa_04a6_4360_9534_1aa18d68329b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_db99b1e5_2f34_467b_a784_d104946d9f00 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Name\" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the \"urn\" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c15f8c4_d2de_47a0_acdd_470b8dda979b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20650,18 +20657,18 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . owl:annotatedTarget "Software"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e94a9156_fb6c_4e16_88ee_829ac9933155 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention"^^xsd:string . - [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_348d39f7_6a17_49d1_9860_9b33b69b51de ; owl:annotatedTarget "Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters)."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e94a9156_fb6c_4e16_88ee_829ac9933155 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention"^^xsd:string . + [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; @@ -20675,6 +20682,12 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b29fd350_39aa_4af7_9459_3faa0544cba6 ; owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_eff42cb3_208e_4768_9a39_f8b6b3c3d7a2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Computation"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”)."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:isDefinedBy ; @@ -20682,10 +20695,10 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_eff42cb3_208e_4768_9a39_f8b6b3c3d7a2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Computation"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)"^^xsd:anyURI . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20693,33 +20706,24 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedTarget "Variable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Fom Latin variabilis (\"changeable\")."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry"@en . +[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . + +[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)"^^xsd:anyURI . + owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential."@en . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . - -[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Language"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”)."@en . -[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; - owl:members ( :CalibrationProcess :CharacterisationDataValidation :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess :DataAnalysis :DataPostProcessing :DataPreparation :SampleExtraction :SampleInspection :SamplePreparation ) . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ; @@ -20732,13 +20736,6 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedTarget "Dedomena"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information)"@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ; @@ -20746,10 +20743,17 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; + dcterms:source "International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :LinearChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . + owl:annotatedSource :Electrogravimetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20757,12 +20761,6 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "Perspective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :StepChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps"@en . - [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; @@ -20781,18 +20779,18 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_2a33ee61_8235_4da4_b9a1_ca62cb87a016 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ee0466e4_780d_4236_8281_ace7ad3fc5d2 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation"^^xsd:anyURI . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Existent"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest)."@en . - [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; @@ -20813,27 +20811,31 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f2d1fcc_e20c_4479_9ad7_7a0480dd3e44 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "AnalogicalIcon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Existent"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Model"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin modus (“measure”)."@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "Simulacrum"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin simulacrum (\"likeness, semblance\")"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Property"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Estimation"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "ResemblanceIcon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”)."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia]"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20841,18 +20843,6 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "Cogniser"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”"@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Observation"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),"@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Estimation"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”)."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ; @@ -20860,14 +20850,10 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia]"""@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Property"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20875,11 +20861,17 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "Icon"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”)."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f2d1fcc_e20c_4479_9ad7_7a0480dd3e44 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "AnalogicalIcon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”)."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Simulacrum"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin simulacrum (\"likeness, semblance\")"@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "Model"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin modus (“measure”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20887,6 +20879,30 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "FunctionalIcon"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”)."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry"@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ResemblanceIcon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Observation"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),"@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)"@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0650c031_42b6_4f0a_b62d_d88f071da6bf ; @@ -20900,28 +20916,23 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :CyclicChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)"@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c0f72631_d7c2_434c_9c26_5c44123df682 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71;"^^xsd:string ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en . + owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "IntentionalProcess"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere (\"stretching out\")"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20930,17 +20941,16 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "IntentionalProcess"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere (\"stretching out\")"@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c0f72631_d7c2_434c_9c26_5c44123df682 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives"""@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Fundamental"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20949,10 +20959,10 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Fundamental"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Wholistic"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; @@ -20961,10 +20971,10 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Wholistic"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'."@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "Holistic"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos \"all, whole, entire\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; @@ -20978,12 +20988,6 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi owl:annotatedTarget "Role"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Holistic"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos \"all, whole, entire\")."@en . - [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . @@ -20997,52 +21001,37 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org"^^xsd:string ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :Electrogravimetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en . + owl:annotatedSource :CyclicChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp."@en . + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en . + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :StepChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential."@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Crystal"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”)."@en . +[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; + owl:members ( :CompressionTesting :CreepTesting :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis :FatigueTesting :FibDic :HardnessTesting :Nanoindentation :ShearOrTorsionTesting :TensileTesting :WearTesting ) . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -21055,14 +21044,11 @@ A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)"""^^xsd:string . -[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; - owl:members ( :CompressionTesting :CreepTesting :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis :FatigueTesting :FibDic :HardnessTesting :Nanoindentation :ShearOrTorsionTesting :TensileTesting :WearTesting ) . - -[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . - -[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . - -[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Crystal"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”)."@en . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . @@ -21072,17 +21058,17 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)"""^^xsd:string . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a15cea10_9946_4d2b_95c5_cfc333fd2abb ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Particle"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . +[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . + +[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . + +[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:78 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item)."@en . + dcterms:source "Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71;"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -21091,12 +21077,13 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)"""^^xsd:string . ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a ; - owl:annotatedTarget """In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "PhysicalObject"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin physica \"study of nature\" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used."""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)"@en . +[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; + owl:members ( :CalibrationProcess :CharacterisationDataValidation :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess :DataAnalysis :DataPostProcessing :DataPreparation :SampleExtraction :SampleInspection :SamplePreparation ) . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; @@ -21105,54 +21092,62 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "PhysicalObject"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin physica \"study of nature\" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :LinearChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Matter"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget "EMMO"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; - rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ] ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for parthood."@en . + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalPath"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Matter"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7b79b2ac_3cf2_4d3b_8cdc_bcabb59d869e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a ; + owl:annotatedTarget """In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)"@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a15cea10_9946_4d2b_95c5_cfc333fd2abb ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Particle"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a ; - owl:annotatedTarget "FundamentalBoson"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalSystem"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Elementary"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; @@ -21160,18 +21155,24 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . -_:105 owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f . - -_:104 a owl:Restriction ; - owl:hasValue ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ; - owl:onProperty _:105 . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a ; + owl:annotatedTarget "FundamentalBoson"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . -_:133 a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 . +_:143 owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f . -_:78 a owl:Restriction ; +_:119 a owl:Restriction ; owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 . +_:91 a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 . + +_:92 a owl:Restriction ; + owl:hasValue ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ; + owl:onProperty _:143 . +