diff --git a/pkg/statestore/storeadapter/migration.go b/pkg/statestore/storeadapter/migration.go
index 89fc5b5e7f4..42a4dcf2239 100644
--- a/pkg/statestore/storeadapter/migration.go
+++ b/pkg/statestore/storeadapter/migration.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethersphere/bee/pkg/storage/migration"
 )
 
-func allSteps(st storage.BatchedStore) migration.Steps {
+func allSteps(st storage.BatchStore) migration.Steps {
 	return map[uint64]migration.StepFn{
 		1: epochMigration(st),
 		2: deletePrefix(st, "sync_interval"),
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func allSteps(st storage.BatchedStore) migration.Steps {
 	}
 }
 
-func deletePrefix(s storage.BatchedStore, prefix string) migration.StepFn {
+func deletePrefix(s storage.BatchStore, prefix string) migration.StepFn {
 	return func() error {
 		store := &StateStorerAdapter{s}
 		return store.Iterate(prefix, func(key, val []byte) (stop bool, err error) {
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func deletePrefix(s storage.BatchedStore, prefix string) migration.StepFn {
 	}
 }
 
-func epochMigration(s storage.BatchedStore) migration.StepFn {
+func epochMigration(s storage.BatchStore) migration.StepFn {
 
 	return func() error {
 
diff --git a/pkg/statestore/storeadapter/storeadapter.go b/pkg/statestore/storeadapter/storeadapter.go
index ab595d7c633..e34ef923792 100644
--- a/pkg/statestore/storeadapter/storeadapter.go
+++ b/pkg/statestore/storeadapter/storeadapter.go
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ func (s *StateStorerAdapter) deleteKeys(keys []string) error {
 }
 
 // NewStateStorerAdapter creates a new StateStorerAdapter.
-func NewStateStorerAdapter(storage storage.BatchedStore) (*StateStorerAdapter, error) {
+func NewStateStorerAdapter(storage storage.BatchStore) (*StateStorerAdapter, error) {
 	err := migration.Migrate(storage, "migration", allSteps(storage))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
diff --git a/pkg/storage/cache/cache.go b/pkg/storage/cache/cache.go
index bf407e35f11..fa1647ae673 100644
--- a/pkg/storage/cache/cache.go
+++ b/pkg/storage/cache/cache.go
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ func key(key storage.Key) string {
 	return storageutil.JoinFields(key.Namespace(), key.ID())
 }
 
-var _ storage.BatchedStore = (*Cache)(nil)
+var _ storage.BatchStore = (*Cache)(nil)
 
 // Cache is a wrapper around a storage.Store that adds a layer
 // of in-memory caching for the Get and Has operations.
 type Cache struct {
-	storage.BatchedStore
+	storage.BatchStore
 
 	lru     *lru.Cache[string, []byte]
 	metrics metrics
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ type Cache struct {
 // Wrap adds a layer of in-memory caching to storage.Reader Get and Has operations.
 // It returns an error if the capacity is less than or equal to zero or if the
 // given store implements storage.Tx
-func Wrap(store storage.BatchedStore, capacity int) (*Cache, error) {
+func Wrap(store storage.BatchStore, capacity int) (*Cache, error) {
 	lru, err := lru.New[string, []byte](capacity)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func Wrap(store storage.BatchedStore, capacity int) (*Cache, error) {
 }
 
 // MustWrap is like Wrap but panics on error.
-func MustWrap(store storage.BatchedStore, capacity int) *Cache {
+func MustWrap(store storage.BatchStore, capacity int) *Cache {
 	c, err := Wrap(store, capacity)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func (c *Cache) Get(i storage.Item) error {
 		return i.Unmarshal(val)
 	}
 
-	if err := c.BatchedStore.Get(i); err != nil {
+	if err := c.BatchStore.Get(i); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func (c *Cache) Has(k storage.Key) (bool, error) {
 	}
 
 	c.metrics.CacheMiss.Inc()
-	return c.BatchedStore.Has(k)
+	return c.BatchStore.Has(k)
 }
 
 // Put implements storage.Store interface.
@@ -95,12 +95,12 @@ func (c *Cache) Has(k storage.Key) (bool, error) {
 // call to Put and Has will be able to retrieve the item from cache.
 func (c *Cache) Put(i storage.Item) error {
 	c.add(i)
-	return c.BatchedStore.Put(i)
+	return c.BatchStore.Put(i)
 }
 
 // Delete implements storage.Store interface.
 // On a call it also removes the item from the cache.
 func (c *Cache) Delete(i storage.Item) error {
 	_ = c.lru.Remove(key(i))
-	return c.BatchedStore.Delete(i)
+	return c.BatchStore.Delete(i)
 }
diff --git a/pkg/storage/migration/index.go b/pkg/storage/migration/index.go
index bd239e36170..5365b5fe910 100644
--- a/pkg/storage/migration/index.go
+++ b/pkg/storage/migration/index.go
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func (o *options) applyAll(opts []option) {
 // NewStepOnIndex creates new migration step with update and/or delete operation.
 // Migration will iterate on all elements selected by query and delete or update items
 // based on supplied callback functions.
-func NewStepOnIndex(s storage.BatchedStore, query storage.Query, opts ...option) StepFn {
+func NewStepOnIndex(s storage.BatchStore, query storage.Query, opts ...option) StepFn {
 	o := defaultOptions()
 	o.applyAll(opts)
 
diff --git a/pkg/storage/migration/migration_test.go b/pkg/storage/migration/migration_test.go
index 83de5add073..84242348746 100644
--- a/pkg/storage/migration/migration_test.go
+++ b/pkg/storage/migration/migration_test.go
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ func TestMigrate(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-func assertObjectExists(t *testing.T, s storage.BatchedStore, keys ...storage.Key) {
+func assertObjectExists(t *testing.T, s storage.BatchStore, keys ...storage.Key) {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	for _, key := range keys {
diff --git a/pkg/storage/storage.go b/pkg/storage/storage.go
index 48332167d53..b76d3f9a275 100644
--- a/pkg/storage/storage.go
+++ b/pkg/storage/storage.go
@@ -189,8 +189,8 @@ type Writer interface {
 	Delete(Item) error
 }
 
-// BatchedStore is a store that supports batching of Writer method calls.
-type BatchedStore interface {
+// BatchStore is a store that supports batching of Writer method calls.
+type BatchStore interface {
 	Store
 	Batcher
 }
diff --git a/pkg/storage/storagetest/batch.go b/pkg/storage/storagetest/batch.go
index dde203daeea..16fa04a2dcd 100644
--- a/pkg/storage/storagetest/batch.go
+++ b/pkg/storage/storagetest/batch.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 )
 
-func TestBatchedStore(t *testing.T, bs storage.BatchedStore) {
+func TestBatchedStore(t *testing.T, bs storage.BatchStore) {
 	item := &obj1{Id: "id", SomeInt: 1, Buf: []byte("data")}
 
 	t.Run("duplicates are rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/pkg/storage/storagetest/storage.go b/pkg/storage/storagetest/storage.go
index b5609d84587..3a7327949ef 100644
--- a/pkg/storage/storagetest/storage.go
+++ b/pkg/storage/storagetest/storage.go
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ func BenchmarkStore(b *testing.B, s storage.Store) {
 
 // BenchmarkBatchedStore provides a benchmark suite for the
 // storage.BatchedStore. Only the Write and Delete methods are tested.
-func BenchmarkBatchedStore(b *testing.B, bs storage.BatchedStore) {
+func BenchmarkBatchedStore(b *testing.B, bs storage.BatchStore) {
 	b.Run("WriteInBatches", func(b *testing.B) {
 		BenchmarkWriteInBatches(b, bs)
 	})
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ func BenchmarkWriteSequential(b *testing.B, db storage.Store) {
 	doWrite(b, db, g)
 }
 
-func BenchmarkWriteInBatches(b *testing.B, bs storage.BatchedStore) {
+func BenchmarkWriteInBatches(b *testing.B, bs storage.BatchStore) {
 	g := newSequentialEntryGenerator(b.N)
 	batch := bs.Batch(context.Background())
 	resetBenchmark(b)
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ func BenchmarkWriteInBatches(b *testing.B, bs storage.BatchedStore) {
 	}
 }
 
-func BenchmarkWriteInFixedSizeBatches(b *testing.B, bs storage.BatchedStore) {
+func BenchmarkWriteInFixedSizeBatches(b *testing.B, bs storage.BatchStore) {
 	g := newSequentialEntryGenerator(b.N)
 	writer := newBatchDBWriter(bs)
 	resetBenchmark(b)
@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@ func BenchmarkDeleteSequential(b *testing.B, db storage.Store) {
 	doDelete(b, db, g)
 }
 
-func BenchmarkDeleteInBatches(b *testing.B, bs storage.BatchedStore) {
+func BenchmarkDeleteInBatches(b *testing.B, bs storage.BatchStore) {
 	g := newSequentialEntryGenerator(b.N)
 	doWrite(b, bs, g)
 	resetBenchmark(b)
@@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ func BenchmarkDeleteInBatches(b *testing.B, bs storage.BatchedStore) {
 	}
 }
 
-func BenchmarkDeleteInFixedSizeBatches(b *testing.B, bs storage.BatchedStore) {
+func BenchmarkDeleteInFixedSizeBatches(b *testing.B, bs storage.BatchStore) {
 	g := newSequentialEntryGenerator(b.N)
 	doWrite(b, bs, g)
 	resetBenchmark(b)
diff --git a/pkg/storer/internal/transaction/transaction.go b/pkg/storer/internal/transaction/transaction.go
index 073487ed258..1fda090bd25 100644
--- a/pkg/storer/internal/transaction/transaction.go
+++ b/pkg/storer/internal/transaction/transaction.go
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ type Storage interface {
 
 type store struct {
 	sharky      *sharky.Store
-	bstore      storage.BatchedStore
+	bstore      storage.BatchStore
 	metrics     metrics
 	chunkLocker *multex.Multex
 }
 
-func NewStorage(sharky *sharky.Store, bstore storage.BatchedStore) Storage {
+func NewStorage(sharky *sharky.Store, bstore storage.BatchStore) Storage {
 	return &store{sharky, bstore, newMetrics(), multex.New()}
 }
 
@@ -201,9 +201,10 @@ func (t *transaction) Commit() (err error) {
 
 	for _, l := range t.sharkyTrx.releasedLocs {
 		h := handleMetric("sharky_release", t.metrics)
-		if rerr := t.sharkyTrx.sharky.Release(context.TODO(), l); rerr != nil {
+		rerr := t.sharkyTrx.sharky.Release(context.TODO(), l)
+		h(rerr)
+		if rerr != nil {
 			err = errors.Join(err, fmt.Errorf("failed releasing location afer commit %s: %w", l, rerr))
-			h(err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -250,18 +251,19 @@ func (c *chunkStoreTrx) Iterate(ctx context.Context, fn storage.IterateChunkFn)
 }
 
 func (c *chunkStoreTrx) lock(addr swarm.Address) func() {
-	if c.readOnly { // directly lock
+	// directly lock
+	if c.readOnly {
 		c.globalLocker.Lock(addr.ByteString())
-	} else if _, ok := c.lockedAddrs[addr.ByteString()]; !ok { // lock chunk only once in the same transaction
+		return func() { c.globalLocker.Unlock(addr.ByteString()) }
+	}
+
+	// lock chunk only once in the same transaction
+	if _, ok := c.lockedAddrs[addr.ByteString()]; !ok {
 		c.globalLocker.Lock(addr.ByteString())
 		c.lockedAddrs[addr.ByteString()] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
-	return func() {
-		if c.readOnly {
-			c.globalLocker.Unlock(addr.ByteString())
-		}
-	}
+	return func() {} // unlocking the chunk will be done in the Commit()
 }
 
 type sharkyTrx struct {
diff --git a/pkg/storer/migration/all_steps.go b/pkg/storer/migration/all_steps.go
index 59f5a4b28e2..39f2b5a7438 100644
--- a/pkg/storer/migration/all_steps.go
+++ b/pkg/storer/migration/all_steps.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func AfterInitSteps(
 }
 
 // BeforeInitSteps lists all migration steps for localstore IndexStore before the localstore is intiated.
-func BeforeInitSteps(st storage.BatchedStore) migration.Steps {
+func BeforeInitSteps(st storage.BatchStore) migration.Steps {
 	return map[uint64]migration.StepFn{
 		1: RefCountSizeInc(st),
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/storer/migration/refCntSize.go b/pkg/storer/migration/refCntSize.go
index 53ebfcafdfc..3a28d99affe 100644
--- a/pkg/storer/migration/refCntSize.go
+++ b/pkg/storer/migration/refCntSize.go
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func (r OldRetrievalIndexItem) String() string {
 	return storageutil.JoinFields(r.Namespace(), r.ID())
 }
 
-func RefCountSizeInc(s storage.BatchedStore) func() error {
+func RefCountSizeInc(s storage.BatchStore) func() error {
 	return func() error {
 		logger := log.NewLogger("migration-RefCountSizeInc", log.WithSink(os.Stdout))