diff --git a/pkg/storer/internal/pinning/export_test.go b/pkg/storer/internal/pinning/export_test.go
index f80bbd3c945..79e5864dfba 100644
--- a/pkg/storer/internal/pinning/export_test.go
+++ b/pkg/storer/internal/pinning/export_test.go
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ var (
 	ErrInvalidPinCollectionItemSize = errInvalidPinCollectionSize
 	ErrPutterAlreadyClosed          = errPutterAlreadyClosed
 	ErrCollectionRootAddressIsZero  = errCollectionRootAddressIsZero
+	ErrDuplicatePinCollection       = errDuplicatePinCollection
 )
 
 var NewUUID = newUUID
diff --git a/pkg/storer/internal/pinning/pinning.go b/pkg/storer/internal/pinning/pinning.go
index 03c47667180..8fb25ba92ad 100644
--- a/pkg/storer/internal/pinning/pinning.go
+++ b/pkg/storer/internal/pinning/pinning.go
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ var (
 	// errCollectionRootAddressIsZero is returned if the putter is closed with a zero
 	// swarm.Address. Root reference has to be set.
 	errCollectionRootAddressIsZero = errors.New("pin store: collection root address is zero")
+	// errDuplicatePinCollection is returned when attempted to pin the same file repeatedly
+	errDuplicatePinCollection = errors.New("pin store: duplicate pin collection")
 )
 
 // creates a new UUID and returns it as a byte slice
@@ -264,9 +266,21 @@ func (c *collectionPutter) Close(st internal.Storage, writer storage.Writer, roo
 	c.mtx.Lock()
 	defer c.mtx.Unlock()
 
+	collection := &pinCollectionItem{Addr: root}
+	has, err := st.IndexStore().Has(collection)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("pin store: check previous root: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if has {
+		// trigger the Cleanup
+		return errDuplicatePinCollection
+	}
+
 	// Save the root pin reference.
 	c.collection.Addr = root
-	err := writer.Put(c.collection)
+	err = writer.Put(c.collection)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("pin store: failed updating collection: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/storer/internal/pinning/pinning_test.go b/pkg/storer/internal/pinning/pinning_test.go
index 096b69b0018..017b135f6f8 100644
--- a/pkg/storer/internal/pinning/pinning_test.go
+++ b/pkg/storer/internal/pinning/pinning_test.go
@@ -276,6 +276,29 @@ func TestPinStore(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("duplicate collection", func(t *testing.T) {
+		root := chunktest.GenerateTestRandomChunk()
+		putter, err := pinstore.NewCollection(st)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		err = putter.Put(context.Background(), st, st.IndexStore(), root)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		err = putter.Close(st, st.IndexStore(), root.Address())
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		err = putter.Close(st, st.IndexStore(), root.Address())
+		if err == nil || !errors.Is(err, pinstore.ErrDuplicatePinCollection) {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error during CLose, want: %v, got: %v", pinstore.ErrDuplicatePinCollection, err)
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("zero address close", func(t *testing.T) {
 		root := chunktest.GenerateTestRandomChunk()
 		putter, err := pinstore.NewCollection(st)
@@ -292,7 +315,6 @@ func TestPinStore(t *testing.T) {
 		if !errors.Is(err, pinstore.ErrCollectionRootAddressIsZero) {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected error on close, want: %v, got: %v", pinstore.ErrCollectionRootAddressIsZero, err)
 		}
-
 	})
 }
 
diff --git a/pkg/storer/pinstore_test.go b/pkg/storer/pinstore_test.go
index 676a7bd6260..43676f6ce61 100644
--- a/pkg/storer/pinstore_test.go
+++ b/pkg/storer/pinstore_test.go
@@ -127,6 +127,51 @@ func testPinStore(t *testing.T, newStorer func() (*storer.DB, error)) {
 			verifyPinCollection(t, lstore.Repo(), testCases[0].chunks[0], testCases[0].chunks, true)
 		})
 	})
+
+	t.Run("duplicate parallel upload does not leave orphaned chunks", func(t *testing.T) {
+		chunks := chunktesting.GenerateTestRandomChunks(4)
+
+		session1, err := lstore.NewCollection(context.TODO())
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("NewCollection(...): unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		session2, err := lstore.NewCollection(context.TODO())
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("NewCollection2(...): unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		for _, ch := range chunks {
+			err := session2.Put(context.TODO(), ch)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("session2.Put(...): unexpected error: %v", err)
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			err = session1.Put(context.TODO(), ch)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("session1.Put(...): unexpected error: %v", err)
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		err = session1.Done(chunks[0].Address())
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("session1.Done(...): unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		err = session2.Done(chunks[0].Address())
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("session2.Done(...): expected error, got nil")
+		}
+
+		if err := session2.Cleanup(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("session2.Done(...): unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		verifyPinCollection(t, lstore.Repo(), chunks[0], chunks, true)
+		verifyChunkRefCount(t, lstore.Repo(), chunks)
+	})
 }
 
 func TestPinStore(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/pkg/storer/storer_test.go b/pkg/storer/storer_test.go
index ccc491912b6..ce2d7eb72cf 100644
--- a/pkg/storer/storer_test.go
+++ b/pkg/storer/storer_test.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethersphere/bee/pkg/storage/inmemchunkstore"
 	"github.com/ethersphere/bee/pkg/storage/migration"
 	"github.com/ethersphere/bee/pkg/storer"
+	cs "github.com/ethersphere/bee/pkg/storer/internal/chunkstore"
 	pinstore "github.com/ethersphere/bee/pkg/storer/internal/pinning"
 	"github.com/ethersphere/bee/pkg/storer/internal/upload"
 	localmigration "github.com/ethersphere/bee/pkg/storer/migration"
@@ -44,7 +45,26 @@ func verifyChunks(
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected chunk has state: want %t have %t", has, hasFound)
 		}
 	}
+}
 
+func verifyChunkRefCount(
+	t *testing.T,
+	repo storage.Repository,
+	chunks []swarm.Chunk,
+) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	for _, ch := range chunks {
+		_ = repo.IndexStore().Iterate(storage.Query{
+			Factory: func() storage.Item { return new(cs.RetrievalIndexItem) },
+		}, func(r storage.Result) (bool, error) {
+			entry := r.Entry.(*cs.RetrievalIndexItem)
+			if entry.Address.Equal(ch.Address()) && entry.RefCnt != 1 {
+				t.Errorf("chunk %s has refCnt=%d", ch.Address(), entry.RefCnt)
+			}
+			return false, nil
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func verifySessionInfo(