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<h5 id="第十一章-认识和学习Bash"><a href="#第十一章-认识和学习Bash" class="headerlink" title="第十一章 认识和学习Bash"></a>第十一章 认识和学习Bash</h5><ol>
<li>只要能够操作应用程序的接口都能够成为shell</li>
<li>命令行界面的shell几乎各家distributions使用的bash都是一样的</li>
<li>命令行界面的传输速度一定比较快，而且，较不容易出现断线或者是信息外流的问题</li>
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<li>实现service的程序我们叫daemon</li>
<li>依据daemon的启动与管理方式来区分，可以将daemon分为可独立启动的stand alone，与通过一个super daemon来统一管理的服务这两大类</li>
<li>stand daemon可以自行单独启动服务，因为是一直存在内存内持续的提供服务，因此对于发生客户端的请求时，stand alone的daemon响应速度较快</li></ol>
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<li>若要手动配置固定IP，需要取得下面的几个参数才能让Linux上网：IP、子网掩码（netmask）、网关（gateway）、DNS主机的IP（也就是DNS服务器项目，通常会有两个，若记不住的话，硬背168.95.1.1即可）</li>
<li>DHCP为使用自动获取网络参数</li>
<li>目前的主流网卡为使用以太网协议开发出来的以太网卡（Ethernet），因此我们Linux就称这种网络接口为ethN（N为数字）</li></ol>
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<li>厂商现在他们的系统上编译好了我们用户所需要的软件，然后将这个编译好成可执行的文件直接发布给用户来安装，客户端取得这个软件后，只要通过特定的命令来安装，该软件文件就会按照内部的脚本来检测先关的前驱软件是否存在，若安装的环境符合要求，就会开始安装</li>
<li>CentOS系统使用的软件管理机制为RPM机制，而用来作为在线升级的方式则为yum</li>
<li>RPM全名是“RedHat Pakage Manager”，简称则为RPM。RPM是一种以数据库记录的方式来将你所需要的软件安装到Linux系统的一套管理机制</li></ol>
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<li>每个登录的用户都至少会取得两个ID，一个是用户ID(UID)，一个是用户组ID(GID)</li>
<li>/etc/passwd的文件结构：每一行都代表一个行号，有几行就代表有几个账号在你的系统中</li>
<li>UID的范围，0是系统管理员，所以除了root，也可以有其他名称的系统管理员</li></ol>
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