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Hashcat-Cheatsheet

Hashcat Cheatsheet for OSCP https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=hashcat

Identify Hashes

hash-identifier

Example Hashes: https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=example_hashes

MAX POWER!

I have found that I can squeeze some more power out of my hash cracking by adding these parameters:

--force -O -w 4 --opencl-device-types 1,2

These will force Hashcat to use the CUDA GPU interface which is buggy but provides more performance (–force) , will Optimize for 32 characters or less passwords (-O) and will set the workload to "Insane" (-w 4) which is supposed to make your computer effectively unusable during the cracking process. Finally "--opencl-device-types 1,2 " will force HashCat to use BOTH the GPU and the CPU to handle the cracking.

Using hashcat and a dictionary

Create a .hash file with all the hashes you want to crack puthasheshere.hash: $1$O3JMY.Tw$AdLnLjQ/5jXF9.MTp3gHv/

Hashcat example cracking Linux md5crypt passwords $1$ using rockyou:

hashcat --force -m 500 -a 0 -o found1.txt --remove puthasheshere.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Hashcat example cracking Wordpress passwords using rockyou:
hashcat --force -m 400 -a 0 -o found1.txt --remove wphash.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Sample Hashes http://openwall.info/wiki/john/sample-hashes

HashCat One Rule to Rule them All

Not So Secure has built a custom rule that I have had luck with in the past:
https://www.notsosecure.com/one-rule-to-rule-them-all/
The rule can be downloaded from their Github site:
https://github.com/NotSoSecure/password_cracking_rules

I typically drop OneRuleToRuleThemAll.rule into the rules subfolder and run it like this from my windows box (based on the notsosecure article):

hashcat64.exe --force -m300 --status -w3 -o found.txt --remove --potfile-disable -r rules\OneRuleToRuleThemAll.rule hash.txt rockyou.txt

Using hashcat bruteforcing

predefined charsets
?l = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
?u = ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
?d = 0123456789
?s = «space»!"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~
?a = ?l?u?d?s
?b = 0x00 - 0xff

?l?d?u is the same as:
?ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Brute force all passwords length 1-8 with possible characters A-Z a-z 0-9
hashcat64 -m 500 hashes.txt -a 3 ?1?1?1?1?1?1?1?1 --increment -1 ?l?d?u

Cracking Linux Hashes - /etc/shadow file

ID Description Type
500 md5crypt $1$, MD5(Unix) Operating-Systems
200 bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish(Unix) Operating-Systems
400 sha256crypt $5$, SHA256(Unix) Operating-Systems
1800 sha512crypt $6$, SHA512(Unix) Operating-Systems

Cracking Windows Hashes

ID Description Type
3000 LM Operating-Systems
1000 NTLM Operating-Systems

Cracking Common Application Hashes

ID Description Type
900 MD4 Raw Hash
0 MD5 Raw Hash
5100 Half MD5 Raw Hash
100 SHA1 Raw Hash
10800 SHA-384 Raw Hash
1400 SHA-256 Raw Hash
1700 SHA-512 Raw Hash

Cracking Common File Password Protections

ID Description Type
11600 7-Zip Archives
12500 RAR3-hp Archives
13000 RAR5 Archives
13200 AxCrypt Archives
13300 AxCrypt in-memory SHA1 Archives
13600 WinZip Archives
9700 MS Office <= 2003 $0/$1, MD5 + RC4 Documents
9710 MS Office <= 2003 $0/$1, MD5 + RC4, collider #1 Documents
9720 MS Office <= 2003 $0/$1, MD5 + RC4, collider #2 Documents
9800 MS Office <= 2003 $3/$4, SHA1 + RC4 Documents
9810 MS Office <= 2003 $3, SHA1 + RC4, collider #1 Documents
9820 MS Office <= 2003 $3, SHA1 + RC4, collider #2 Documents
9400 MS Office 2007 Documents
9500 MS Office 2010 Documents
9600 MS Office 2013 Documents
10400 PDF 1.1 - 1.3 (Acrobat 2 - 4) Documents
10410 PDF 1.1 - 1.3 (Acrobat 2 - 4), collider #1 Documents
10420 PDF 1.1 - 1.3 (Acrobat 2 - 4), collider #2 Documents
10500 PDF 1.4 - 1.6 (Acrobat 5 - 8) Documents
10600 PDF 1.7 Level 3 (Acrobat 9) Documents
10700 PDF 1.7 Level 8 (Acrobat 10 - 11) Documents
16200 Apple Secure Notes Documents

Cracking Commmon Database Hash Formats

ID Description Type Example Hash
12 PostgreSQL Database Server a6343a68d964ca596d9752250d54bb8a:postgres
131 MSSQL (2000) Database Server 0x01002702560500000000000000000000000000000000000000008db43dd9b1972a636ad0c7d4b8c515cb8ce46578
132 MSSQL (2005) Database Server 0x010018102152f8f28c8499d8ef263c53f8be369d799f931b2fbe
1731 MSSQL (2012, 2014) Database Server 0x02000102030434ea1b17802fd95ea6316bd61d2c94622ca3812793e8fb1672487b5c904a45a31b2ab4a78890d563d2fcf5663e46fe797d71550494be50cf4915d3f4d55ec375
200 MySQL323 Database Server 7196759210defdc0
300 MySQL4.1/MySQL5 Database Server fcf7c1b8749cf99d88e5f34271d636178fb5d130
3100 Oracle H: Type (Oracle 7+) Database Server 7A963A529D2E3229:3682427524
112 Oracle S: Type (Oracle 11+) Database Server ac5f1e62d21fd0529428b84d42e8955b04966703:38445748184477378130
12300 Oracle T: Type (Oracle 12+) Database Server 78281A9C0CF626BD05EFC4F41B515B61D6C4D95A250CD4A605CA0EF97168D670EBCB5673B6F5A2FB9CC4E0C0101E659C0C4E3B9B3BEDA846CD15508E88685A2334141655046766111066420254008225
8000 Sybase ASE Database Server 0xc00778168388631428230545ed2c976790af96768afa0806fe6c0da3b28f3e132137eac56f9bad027ea2

Cracking NTLM hashes

After grabbing or dumping the NTDS.dit and SYSTEM registry hive or dumping LSASS memory from a Windows box, you will often end up with NTLM hashes.

Path Description
C:\Windows\NTDS\ntds.dit Active Directory database
C:\Windows\System32\config\SYSTEM Registry hive containing the key used to encrypt hashes

And using Impacket to dump the hashes

impacket-secretsdump -system SYSTEM -ntds ntds.dit -hashes lmhash:nthash LOCAL -outputfile ntlm-extract

You can crack the NTLM hash dump usign the following hashcat syntax:

hashcat64 -m 1000 -a 0 -w 4 --force --opencl-device-types 1,2 -O d:\hashsample.hash "d:\WORDLISTS\realuniq.lst" -r OneRuleToRuleThemAll.rule

Benchmark using a Nvidia 2060 GTX: Speed: 7000 MH/s Recovery Rate: 12.47% Elapsed Time: 2 Hours 35 Minutes

Cracking Hashes from Kerboroasting - KRB5TGS

A service principal name (SPN) is a unique identifier of a service instance. SPNs are used by Kerberos authentication to associate a service instance with a service logon account. This allows a client application to request that the service authenticate an account even if the client does not have the account name. KRB5TGS - Kerberoasting Service Accounts that use SPN Once you have identified a Kerberoastable service account (Bloodhound? Powershell Empire? - likely a MS SQL Server Service Account), any AD user can request a krb5tgs hash from it which can be used to crack the password.

Based on my benchmarking, KRB5TGS cracking is 28 times slower than NTLM.

Hashcat supports multiple versions of the KRB5TGS hash which can easily be identified by the number between the dollar signs in the hash itself.

  • 13100 - Type 23 - $krb5tgs$23$
  • 19600 - Type 17 - $krb5tgs$17$
  • 19700 - Type 18 - $krb5tgs$18$
  • 18200 - ASREP Type 23 - $krb5asrep$23$

KRB5TGS Type 23 - Crackstation humans only word list with OneRuleToRuleThemAll mutations rule list.

hashcat64 -m 13100 -a 0 -w 4 --force --opencl-device-types 1,2 -O d:\krb5tgs.hash d:\WORDLISTS\realhuman_phill.txt -r OneRuleToRuleThemAll.rule

Benchmark using a Nvidia 2060 GTX: Speed: 250 MH/s Elapsed Time: 9 Minutes

Cracking NTLMv2 Hashes from a Packet Capture

You may be asked to recover a password from an SMB authentication (NTLMv2) from a Packet Capture. The following is a 9-step process for formatting the hash correctly to do this. https://research.801labs.org/cracking-an-ntlmv2-hash/

To crack linux hashes you must first unshadow them

unshadow passwd-file.txt shadow-file.txt

unshadow passwd-file.txt shadow-file.txt > unshadowed.txt

Crack a zip password

zip2john Zipfile.zip | cut -d ':' -f 2 > hashes.txt
hashcat -a 0 -m 13600 hashes.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Hashcat appears to have issues with some zip hash formats generated from zip2john. You can fix this by editing the zip hash contents to align with the example zip hash format found on the hash cat example page: $zip2$*0*3*0*b5d2b7bf57ad5e86a55c400509c672bd*d218*0**ca3d736d03a34165cfa9*$/zip2$

John seems to accept a wider range of zip formats for cracking.

PRINCE Password Generation

PRINCE (PRobability INfinite Chained Elements) is a hashcat utility for randomly generating probable passwords:

pp64.bin --pw-min=8 < dict.txt | head -20 shuf dict.txt | pp64.bin --pw-min=8 | head -20

Reference:
https://github.com/hashcat/princeprocessor

Purple Rain

Purple Rain attack uses a combination of Prince, a dictionary and random Mutation rules to dynamicaly create infinite combinations of passwords.

shuf dict.txt | pp64.bin --pw-min=8 | hashcat -a 0 -m #type -w 4 -O hashes.txt -g 300000

Reference:
https://www.netmux.com/blog/purple-rain-attack