README.md

🔎 Global Earthquake Impact Database (GEID)

The development of probabilistic seismic risk assessment (PSRA) models requires stress-testing the various components of the models, often through the assessment of damage and losses considering the characteristics of past events¹. In this context, the GEM Foundation and its partners have expanded the OpenQuake scenario damage and loss calculator to use directly USGS ShakeMaps²³⁴, or earthquake data from other providers (e.g., INGV, EFEHR) or the scientific literature. This functionality allows users to generate cross-correlated ground motion fields considering recordings from seismic stations ⁵, to compute a number of risk metrics based on different rupture solutions and ground motion models, and to compare the results against past observations and damage reports. An overview of the functionalities implemented within the OpenQuake engine can be found at gem/oq-engine#8317.

✨ Overview

The Global Earthquake Impact Database (GEID) aims to provide both earthquake and impact data for users to perform earthquake scenarios using GEM or their own models for validation and verification purposes. This database serves as a complement to the USGS ShakeMap Atlas and AtlasCat. The former resource has ShakeMaps for a comprehensive catalogue of nearly all near-damaging and damaging events worldwide for the past 120 years and can be used directly for impact assessment within the OpenQuake engine ⁴. The latter provides aggregate losses for each event separated by cause. The GEID builds upon these sources of data by collecting additional earthquake and impact information, often documented spatially and with greater detail.

The v2023.0.0 release for the Global Earthquake Impact Database (GEID) is available! 🥳 🚀

This database is open and aims at being a community effort, that enables users to add new events (see contributing guidelines) or to provide additional data to existing entries. We aim to continue expanding the GEID by leveraging on data often collected within the scope of GEM projects, as well as data previously collected as part of the GEM Earthquake Consequences Database.

🗺️ Database coverage

The database is compatible with GEM's Global Models, and the folders are organized according to regions and countries/territories, as specified in the map and table below.

🌍 Regions, countries and territories

REGION	COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES
Africa	Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina_Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape_Verde, Central_African_Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial_Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea_Bissau, Ivory_Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao_Tome_and_Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra_Leone, Somalia, South_Africa, South_Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Caribbean_Central_America	Anguilla, Antigua_and_Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British_Virgin_Islands, Cayman_Islands, Costa_Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican_Republic, El_Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto_Rico, Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis, Saint_Lucia, Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines, Trinidad_and_Tobago, Turks_and_Caicos_Islands, US_Virgin_Islands
Central_Asia	Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
East_Asia	China, Hong_Kong, Japan, Macao, North_Korea, South_Korea, Taiwan
Europe	Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia_and_Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle_of_Man, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North_Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United_Kingdom
Middle_East	Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi_Arabia, Syria, United_Arab_Emirates, Yemen
North_America	Canada, Mexico, United_States_of_America
North_Asia	Mongolia, Russia
Oceania	American_Samoa, Australia, Cook_Islands, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall_Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New_Caledonia, New_Zealand, Niue, Northern_Mariana_Islands, Palau, Papua_New_Guinea, Samoa, Solomon_Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
South_America	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French_Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
South_Asia	Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri_Lanka
Southeast_Asia	Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor_Leste, Vietnam

The following events are available, with a global summary of impact data available in the World folder.

List with available events

	Region	Country	Year	Event Name	Mw	Depth (km)	Max Intensity (MMI)
0	Africa	Algeria	2003	Boumerdes 2003	6.8	12	IX-X
1	Africa	Botswana	2017	Moijabana 2017	6.46	23.5	VIII
2	Africa	Egypt	1992	Cairo 1992	5.8	21.5	VIII
3	Africa	Malawi	1989	Salima	6.27	28.2	VIII
4	Africa	Malawi	2009	Karonga	6	6	VII
5	Africa	Morocco	2004	AlHoceima 2004	6.3	12.2	IX
6	Africa	Morocco	2023	MarrakeshSafi 2023	6.8	19	VIII
7	Africa	Tanzania	2016	Bukoba 2016	5.9	40	VII
8	Caribbean Central America	Costa Rica	1991	Limon	7.6	10	VIII
9	Caribbean Central America	Costa Rica	2009	Cinchona	6.2	4.6	IX in Cinchona e Isla Bonita
10	Caribbean Central America	Costa Rica	2012	Nicoya	7.6	15.4	VII
11	Caribbean Central America	Costa Rica	2017	Puntarenas 2017	6.5	22	VIII
12	Caribbean Central America	El Salvador	2001	Subduction 2001	7.7	39	VIII
13	Caribbean Central America	El Salvador	2001	San Vicente 2001	6.6	13	VIII
14	Caribbean Central America	Haiti	2010	Haiti	7	13	IX
15	Caribbean Central America	Haiti	2021	Haiti	7.2	10	VIII
16	East Asia	Japan	1995	Kobe 1995	6.9	21.9	IX
17	East Asia	Japan	2011	Tōhoku 2011	9.1	29	VIII
18	East Asia	Japan	2016	Kumamoto 2016	7	10	IX
19	East Asia	Japan	2018	Osaka 2018	5.5	10.3	VIII
20	East Asia	Japan	2018	HokkaidoEasternIburi 2018	6.6	35	X
21	East Asia	Japan	2019	Yamagata 2019	6.4	12	VII
22	Europe	Albania	2019	Durres	6.4	22	VIII
23	Europe	Croatia	2020	Zagreb 2020	5.3	10	VIII
24	Europe	Croatia	2020	Petrijna 2020	6.4	10	IX
25	Europe	Cyprus	1996	Cyprus	6.8	33	VI
26	Europe	Greece	1981	GulfofCorinth 1981	6.4	33	IX
27	Europe	Greece	1981	GulfofCorinth 1981	6.7	33	IX
28	Europe	Greece	1981	GulfofCorinth 1981	6.7	33	IX
29	Europe	Greece	1986	Kalamata 1986	6	11.2	VIII
30	Europe	Greece	1988	Elia 1988	5.9	25.2	VII
31	Europe	Greece	1995	Aigio 1995	6.5	14.2	VIII
32	Europe	Greece	1995	KozaniGrevena 1995	6.6	14	VIII
33	Europe	Greece	1999	Athens 1999	6	10	IX
34	Europe	Greece	2014	Kefalonia 2014	6.1	8	VII
35	Europe	Greece	2014	Kefalonia 2014	6.1	8	VIII
36	Europe	Greece	2014	Kefalonia 2014	6	5	VII
37	Europe	Greece	2015	Lefkada 2015	6.5	11	VIII
38	Europe	Greece	2017	AegeanSea 2017	6.3	12	VII
39	Europe	Iceland	2000	Iceland 2000	6.5	10	IX
40	Europe	Iceland	2000	Iceland	6.5	10	VIII
41	Europe	Iceland	2008	Iceland 2008	6.3	9	VIII
42	Europe	Italy	1980	Irpinia 1980	6.9	10	X
43	Europe	Italy	1990	Augusta 1990	5.6	11.1	VIII
44	Europe	Italy	1997	UmbriaMarche 1997	6	10	VIII
45	Europe	Italy	1997	UmbriaMarche 1997	5.5	10	VII
46	Europe	Italy	1997	UmbriaMarche 1997	5.7	10	VIII
47	Europe	Italy	1997	UmbriaMarche 1997	5.7	10	X
48	Europe	Italy	2002	Molise 2002	5.9	10	VIII
49	Europe	Italy	2002	Molise 2002	5.8	10	VII
50	Europe	Italy	2002	Molise 2002	5.9	10	VII
51	Europe	Italy	2004	Gardone 2004	5.1	17.2	VIII
52	Europe	Italy	2009	Laquila 2009	5.5	15.1	VI
53	Europe	Italy	2009	Laquila 2009	6.3	8.8	X
54	Europe	Italy	2009	Laquila 2009	6.3	8.8	VIII
55	Europe	Italy	2012	EmiliaRomagna 2012	6	6.3	VIII
56	Europe	Italy	2012	EmiliaRomagna 2012	6	6.3	VIII
57	Europe	Italy	2012	EmiliaRomagna 2012	5.8	10.2	VIII
58	Europe	Italy	2016	CentralItaly	6.6	4.44	IX
59	Europe	Italy	2016	CentralItaly 2016	6.6	8	IX
60	Europe	Italy	2016	CentralItaly 2016	6.1	10	VIII
61	Europe	Italy	2016	CentralItaly 2016	6.2	4.44	IX
62	Europe	Italy	2017	CentralItaly 2017	5.7	7	VII
63	Europe	Netherlands	1992	Roermond 1992	5.4	21.2	VIII
64	Europe	Romania	1990	Vrancea 1990	7	89.3	VIII
65	Europe	Romania	1990	Vrancea 1990	7	89.3	VIII
66	Europe	Romania	1990	Vrancea 1990	6.3	88.2	V
67	Europe	Serbia	2010	Kraljevo	5.5	0.9	VI
68	Europe	Spain	2011	Lorca 2011	5.1	1	VI
69	Europe	Turkey	1992	Erzincan	6.7	27.2	VIII
70	Europe	Turkey	1995	Dinar	6.4	33	VIII
71	Europe	Turkey	1998	AdanaCeyhan 1998	6.3	33	VIII
72	Europe	Turkey	1999	Izmit	7.6	17	X
73	Europe	Turkey	1999	Duzce 1999	7.2	10	IX
74	Europe	Turkey	2011	Van 2011	7.1	18	VIII
75	Europe	Turkey	2020	AegeanSea 2020	7	21	VIII
76	Europe	Turkey	2023	CentralTurkey 2023	7.8	10	XII
77	Middle East	Iran	1978	Tabas	7.3	33	IX
78	Middle East	Iran	1990	Manjil-Rudbar	7.4	18.5	IX
79	Middle East	Iran	1997	Golestan	6.1	10	VIII
80	Middle East	Iran	1997	Qayen	7.2	10	IX
81	Middle East	Iran	2003	Bam	6.6	10	IX
82	Middle East	Iran	2005	Zarand	6.5	14	VIII
83	Middle East	Iran	2012	Ahar-Varzaghan	6.2	12	VIII
84	Middle East	Iran	2012	Ahar-Varzaghan	6.4	11	VII
85	Middle East	Iran	2012	Ahar-Varzaghan	6.4	11	VII
86	Middle East	Iran	2017	Sarpole-Zahab	7.3	18.1	IX
87	North America	Mexico	1985	Mexico Michoacan	8.1	15	VII
88	North America	Mexico	1999	Oaxaca 1999	7.4	39	VIII
89	North America	Mexico	2017	Puebla 2017	7.1	51.2	VIII
90	North America	Mexico	2017	Chiapas 2017	8.2	45.9	VII
91	North America	Mexico	2020	Oaxaca 2020	7.4	22.6	VIII
92	North America	Mexico	2021	Guerrero 2021	7.1	10	VIII
93	Oceania	Australia	1989	Newcastle	5.4	10	VIII
94	Oceania	New Zealand	2010	Canterbury 2010	7	12	VIII
95	Oceania	New Zealand	2011	Christchurch 2011	6.1	5.9	IX
96	South America	Chile	1960	Valdivia 1960	9.5	25	IX
97	South America	Chile	2010	Maule 2010	8.8	30	VIII
98	South America	Chile	2014	Iquique 2014	8.2	38.9	VIII
99	South America	Chile	2015	Illapel 2015	8.3	22.44	VIII
100	South America	Colombia	1983	Popayán 1983	5.6	15	VIII
101	South America	Colombia	1994	Cacua 1994	6.8	10	IX
102	South America	Colombia	1999	Armenia 1999	6.1	15	IX
103	South America	Colombia	2004	Pizarro 2004	7.2	15	VIII
104	South America	Colombia	2008	Quetame 2008	5.9	10	VII
105	South America	Colombia	2023	El Calvario	6.1	10	VII
106	South America	Ecuador	2016	Pedernales 2016	7.8	17	IX
107	South America	Peru	2007	Pisco 2007	7.9	40	VIII
108	South Asia	India	2011	Sikkim 2011	6.9	50	VIII
109	South Asia	Nepal	2015	Gorkha 2015	7.8	8.22	IX
110	South Asia	Pakistan	2005	Kashmir	7.6	26	IX
111	Southeast Asia	Indonesia	2006	Yogyakarta	6.4	12.5	VIII
112	Southeast Asia	Indonesia	2009	Padang	7.6	81	VIII

🚀 Model versions

Each version of the archive that is released can be accessed by changing from the main branch to the tag of a given version. The main branch could contain the work-in-progress of the next version of the model.

Version	Release Notes
v2023.0.0	First release with 100 earthquake scenario events.

🌟 Contributors

The authors are grateful for the input from dozens of collaborators.

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

🤔 Frequently asked questions

How to contribute?

You can follow the instructions indicated in the contributing guidelines.

Which version am I seeing? How to change the version?

By default, you will see the files in the repository in the main branch. Each version of the model that is released can be accessed is marked with a tag. By changing the tag version at the top of the repository, you can see the files for a given version.

Note that the main branch could contain the work-in-progress of the next version of the model.

How do I download the data for a given version?

For each version, a related zip file is available in the release section.

References

Footnotes

1. Villar-Vega, M., Silva, V. (2017). Assessment of earthquake damage considering the characteristics of past events in South America. Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 99:86-96. ↩

2. Silva V, Horspool N (2019). Combining USGS ShakeMaps and the OpenQuake engine for damage and loss assessment. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 48(6):634-652. ↩

3. Worden, C. B., Thompson, E. M., Hearne, M. G., & Wald, D. J. (2020). ShakeMap Manual Online: technical manual, user’s guide, and software guide, U. S. Geological Survey. URL: http://usgs.github.io/shakemap/. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7D21VPQ. ↩

4. Wald, D. J., Worden, C. B., Thompson, E. M., & Hearne, M. G. (2022). ShakeMap operations, policies, and procedures. Earthquake Spectra, 38(1), 756–777. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930211030298. ↩ ↩²

5. Engler, D. T., Worden, C. B., Thompson, E. M., & Jaiswal, K. S. (2022). Partitioning Ground Motion Uncertainty When Conditioned on Station Data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 112(2), 1060–1079. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210177. ↩